英语语法大攻克--现在完成时

英语语法——现在完成时一、概念：1.表示过去发生的某一个动作对现在造成的影响和结果。

常用的状语有：already，yet, just,just now ,by this time .如：The Green Great Wall across the northern part of China has already saved a lot of land.-----Have you had your lunch yet?----- Yes, I have. I have just had it.2.表示过去发生的某一个动作或状态一直延续到现在，有可能还要继续下去。

常用状语有：lately, recently, in the past years, during ,the last few years, today, these days, this month (season, year…)以及for 和since 构成的表示一段时间的短语。

如：I’ve been at this school for over twenty years.They have lived here since 2001.Have you returned the book today?3.表示过去的经历和经验对现在仍有影响，常用的状语有：never, ever, beforesince ,once ,often 等。

Have you ever eaten fish and chips?I have never been to that city before.I have been to Beijing three times .4.在时间、条件状语从句中，代替将来完成时。

如：I’ll go with you if I have finished the homework.Hand in your papers when you have finished the test.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：1.二者都可以表示过去发生的动作，但现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，而过去时则强调动作本身这一事实。

现在完成时专项练习一、单项选择。

1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; goodＣ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see9、—These farmers have been to the United States .—Really ? When _____ there ?Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they goＣ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finishedＣ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in12、—Do you know him well ?— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made13、—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months .Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begunＣ. has been on Ｄ. began15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been toＣ. have gone to Ｄ. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he toChina?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university二、句型转换。

现在完成时讲解1构成方式构成：主语（第一、二人称单复数）＋have主语（第三人称复数）＋have主语（第三人称单数）＋has ＋过去分词2基本用法1) 表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，常同already, just, yet等状语连用例：I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。

（结果是灯已经关上了）She has lost her bike.她把自行车丢了。

（影响是他现在没有自行车骑了）The rain has stopped now.雨已经停了。

（结果是我们可以出门了）I have already read the book.我已读过这本书了。

（结果是已知道这本书的内容）She has had a good education.她受到过良好的教育。

（影响是她文化水平高，有修养）2) 表示开始于过去、持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能继续下去（也可能不继续下去），常同包括现在在内的时间状语连用，如：today, now, this week, this morning, these days, this afternoon, recently, so far等；也同“for+时间段”或“since＋时间点”的状语连用例：We have had much snow this winter. 今年冬天多雪。

She has taught in the school for ten years.她在这所学校教书已经10年了。

I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。

We have been busy this morning.今天上午我们一直很忙。

I have known her since we were children.我从小就认识她。

I haven't seen John today.我今天没有见到约翰。

现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法1）现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。

(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。

)I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)2）现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

这里的动词要用持续性动词。

常与for （+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, latel y等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, twice, several times等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman several times.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6. have been to 和have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。

现在完成时知识点归纳总结现在完成时是英语中一个重要的时态，用于表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在产生的影响或结果。

下面是对现在完成时的知识点进行归纳总结：一、现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成由“助动词have/has + 过去分词形式的动词”组成，其中have用于第一人称（I, we）以及第二人称（you），has用于第三人称单数（he, she, it）。

1. 肯定句的构成：主语 + have/has + 过去分词形式的动词例如：- I have studied English for three years.- He has finished his homework.2. 否定句的构成：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词形式的动词例如：- She hasn't visited London yet.- We haven't seen the movie.3. 疑问句的构成：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词形式的动词 + 其他？例如：- Have you ever traveled abroad?- Has she lived in this city before?二、现在完成时的用法1. 表示过去的行动或事件对现在的影响或结果。

例如：- She has lost her keys. (她现在找不到她的钥匙。

)- He has worked hard, so he is tired. (他过去努力工作，所以他现在很累。

)2. 表示从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

例如：- They have lived in the same house for 10 years. (他们从10年前开始就一直住在同一栋房子里。

)- I have known him since we were kids. (我从我们还是孩子的时候就认识他了。

)3. 表示过去经历的事情或已经完成的动作。

现在完成时练习(一)用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”“When ________ you __________ (have) it?”“I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.”3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum.10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?11. “____________ you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I __________ .”“Where __________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ I ___________ (buy) it in a bookstore.”用since和for填空1. ______ two years2. _______ an hour ago3. _______ last month4. ______ 4 hours5._______ yesterday6. I’ve known him __________ we were children.7. _______ we were children8. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.9. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.10. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.短暂性动词转换为延续性动词①arrive at/in s w. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.2) I moved to the USA last year.I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.3) I went home yesterday.I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.4) They came here last week.They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out1) He came out two years ago.He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.翻译下列句子1.我以前从来没去过那个农场。

初中英语语法——现在完成时知识点总结归纳现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）是英语中常用的一种时态，用来表示过去发生的动作与现在的关系。

以下是现在完成时的知识点总结：1. 构成：现在完成时由助动词“have/has”和过去分词构成，行为动词的过去分词形式有规律变化和不规律变化两种。

规律变化一般在动词原形后加-ed，不规则变化则需要特殊记忆。

2.肯定句形式：主语 + have/has + 过去分词例如：I have finished my homework.She has written a letter.3.否定句形式：主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词例如：I haven't finished my homework.She hasn't written a letter.4.疑问句形式：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他部分?例如：Have you finished your homework?Has she written a letter?5.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

例如：I have lost my key.（我丢失了我的钥匙，现在找不到了。

）He has broken his leg.（他折断了腿，现在不能走路。

）6.现在完成时还可以用来表示一直延续到现在的动作或状态。

例如：I have lived in this city for five years.（我已经在这个城市住了五年了。

）She has known him since high school.（她从高中就认识他了。

）7.现在完成时与时间状语的连用：现在完成时通常与以下时间状语连用：just（刚刚）、already（已经）、yet（还）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、recently（最近）、since（自从）、for（持续时间）例如：I have just finished my homework.（我刚完成了作业。