中高级英语口译速记
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英语口译的速记妙招英语口译的速记妙招笔记法是口译当中的必备技能之一,特别是当我们听到很长的一个段落,短时记忆不够用了,必须用笔辅助大脑记忆。
下面YJBYS店铺为大家搜索整理了关于英语口译的速记妙招,欢迎参考借鉴,希望对大家备考有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们应届毕业生培训网!一、脑记为主笔记为辅首先我们要认识到,笔记是用于辅助大脑记忆的,口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、上下、正反、升降、因果关系等),切忌整句整段的记录源语信息,否则不但时间来不及,还会影响对句子结构的理解。
其次,脑记时要重点关注段落句子的整体信息,顺带注意一些没有用笔记下来的细节。
为什么说顺带呢?简单的一个例子:“表示热烈的欢迎和衷心的感谢”,我们只要把欢迎和感谢的速记符号一写就行,热烈和衷心这些词很容易就在大脑中形成印象。
二、平静心态,循序渐进刚开始接触笔记法,肯定是很生疏的。
不熟悉笔记符号,不会一心两用,恨不得把每个词都写下来等等这些问题都是非常正常的。
特别是在做英翻汉的时候,练一通下来,也没弄懂听到的东西,也看不懂自己记的东西,都是普遍存在的现象。
这时候,我们首先不要心急,千万不要刚开始就找篇诸如VOA standard之类来操练笔记。
我建议大家可以一步一步来:找一些经典的口译材料,先看着它,把该记的笔记列出来,然后慢速的放着听,再列一遍笔记。
或者先慢速的`放一遍,尽量记一些,然后多放几遍进行改进,再对照原文研究一下哪些词是应该记下来的,用常见符号还是用缩写,用怎样的结构好啊等等,如此多次反复。
当然,练到一定程度后,对常用笔记符号熟练了,创造出自己熟悉的笔记系统,就可以慢慢提高速度增加难度。
三、辅助练习,坚持不懈练笔记的同时呢,当然要辅助别的练习,比如每天影子练习锻炼一心两用的能力,做些视译和短时记忆的练习等等。
还是那句话,Practice makes perfect! 万事开头难,但是只要坚持下去,就会慢慢走上正轨。
水果类(fruits):西红柿 tomato 菠萝 pineapple 西瓜watermelon 香蕉banana 柚子 shaddock (pomelo)橙子orange 苹果apple 柠檬lemon 樱桃 cherry 桃子peach 梨pear 枣Chinese date (去核枣 pitted date )椰子coconut 草莓strawberry 树莓 raspberry 蓝莓 blueberry 黑莓 blackberry 葡萄 grape 甘蔗 sugar cane 芒果 mango 木瓜 pawpaw或者papaya 杏子 apricot 油桃nectarine 柿子persimmon 石榴pomegranate 榴莲 jackfruit 槟榔果 areca nut (西班牙产苦橙)bitter orange 猕猴桃 kiwi fruit or Chinese gooseberry 金橘cumquat 蟠桃 flat peach 荔枝 litchi 青梅greengage 山楂果 haw 水蜜桃honey peach 香瓜,甜瓜 musk melon 李子plum 杨梅waxberry red bayberry 桂圆 longan 沙果 crab apple 杨桃starfruit 枇杷 loquat 柑橘 tangerine 莲雾wax-apple 番石榴 guava肉、蔬菜类(livestock家畜):南瓜(倭瓜) pumpkin cushaw 甜玉米 Sweet corn 牛肉beef 猪肉pork 羊肉mutton 羔羊肉lamb 鸡肉chicken 生菜莴苣lettuce 白菜 Chinese cabbage (celery cabbage)(甘蓝)卷心菜 cabbage 萝卜 radish 胡萝卜 carrot 韭菜leek 木耳 agarics 豌豆 pea 马铃薯(土豆) potato 黄瓜 cucumber 苦瓜 balsam pear 秋葵 okra 洋葱 onion 芹菜 celery 芹菜杆 celery sticks 地瓜 sweet potato 蘑菇 mushroom 橄榄 olive 菠菜spinach 冬瓜(Chinese)wax gourd 莲藕 lotus root 紫菜 laver 油菜 cole rape 茄子eggplant 香菜 caraway 枇杷loquat 青椒 green pepper 四季豆青刀豆garden bean 银耳 silvery fungi 腱子肉tendon 肘子 pork joint 茴香fennel(茴香油fennel oil 药用)鲤鱼carp 咸猪肉bacon 金针蘑 needle mushroom 扁豆 lentil 槟榔 areca 牛蒡great burdock 水萝卜 summer radish 竹笋 bamboo shoot 艾蒿Chinese mugwort 绿豆mung bean 毛豆green soy bean 瘦肉 lean meat 肥肉speck 黄花菜 day lily (day lily bud)豆芽菜 bean sprout 丝瓜 towel gourd (注:在美国丝瓜或用来做丝瓜茎loofah洗澡的,不是食用的)海鲜类(sea food):虾仁 Peeled Prawns 龙虾 lobster 小龙虾 crayfish(退缩者)蟹 crab 蟹足crab claws 小虾(虾米) shrimp 对虾、大虾 prawn (烤)鱿鱼(toast)squid 海参 sea cucumber 扇贝 scallop 鲍鱼 sea-ear abalone 小贝肉cockles 牡蛎oyster 鱼鳞scale 海蜇jellyfish鳖海龟turtle 蚬蛤clam 鲅鱼 culter 鲳鱼 butterfish 虾籽 shrimp egg 鲢鱼银鲤鱼chub silver carp 黄花鱼 yellow croaker调料类(seasonings):醋 vinegar 酱油 soy 盐 salt 加碘盐 iodized salt 糖 sugar 白糖 refined sugar 酱 soy sauce 沙拉 salad 辣椒 hot(red)pepper 胡椒(black)pepper 花椒wild pepper Chinese prickly ash powder 色拉油salad oil 调料 fixing sauce seasoning 砂糖 granulated sugar 红糖 brown sugar 冰糖Rock Sugar 芝麻 Sesame 芝麻酱 Sesame paste 芝麻油 Sesame oil 咖喱粉curry 番茄酱(汁) ketchup redeye 辣根horseradish 葱 shallot (Spring onions)姜 ginger 蒜 garlic 料酒 cooking wine 蚝油oyster sauce 枸杞(枇杷,欧查果) medlar 八角aniseed 酵母粉yeast barm Yellow pepper 黄椒肉桂 cinnamon (在美国十分受欢迎,很多事物都有肉桂料) 黄油 butter 香草精 vanilla extract(甜点必备) 面粉 flour 洋葱onion主食类(staple food):三文治 sandwich 米饭rice 粥 congee (rice soup)汤 soup 饺子dumpling 面条 noodle 比萨饼 pizza 方便面 instant noodle 香肠 sausage 面包 bread 黄油(白塔油)butter 茶叶蛋 Tea eggs 油菜 rape 饼干cookies 咸菜(泡菜)pickle 馒头 steamed bread 饼(蛋糕)cake 汉堡hamburger 火腿ham 奶酪 cheese 馄饨皮 wonton skin 高筋面粉 Strong flour 小麦wheat 大麦barley 青稞highland barley 高粱broomcorn (kaoliang )春卷Spring rolls 芋头 Taro 山药yam 鱼翅 shark fin 黄花daylily 松花蛋皮蛋preserved eggs 春卷 spring roll 肉馅饼minced pie 糙米 Brown rice 玉米 corn 馅儿 stuffing 开胃菜 appetizer 面粉 flour 燕麦 oat 白薯甘薯 sweet potato牛排 steak 里脊肉 fillet 凉粉 bean jelly 糯米江米 sticky rice 燕窝 bird's nest 粟 Chinese corn 肉丸子meat balls 枳橙citrange 点心(中式)dim sum 淀粉starch 蛋挞 egg tart(dry fruits)干果类:腰果 Cashew nuts 花生 peanut 无花果fig 榛子filbert hazel 栗子chestnut 核桃 walnut 杏仁almond 果脯 preserved fruit 芋头taro 葡萄干raisin cordial 开心果 pistachion 巴西果 brazil nut 菱角,荸荠 water chestnut (和国内食用法不同,做坚果食用)酒水类(beverage):红酒 red wine 白酒 white wine 白兰地 brandy 葡萄酒 sherry 汽水(软饮料) soda (盐)汽水sparkling water 果汁juice 冰棒 Ice-lolly 啤酒beer 酸奶 yoghurt 伏特加酒vodka 鸡尾酒cocktail 豆奶 soy milk 豆浆soybean milk 七喜 7 UP 麒麟(日本啤酒kirin)凉开水 cold boiled water 汉斯啤酒 Hans beer 浓缩果汁 concentrated juice 冰镇啤酒 iced(chilled ) beer 札幌(日本啤酒)Sapporo 爱尔啤酒(美国)ale A级牛奶 grand A milk 班图酒bantu beer 半干雪利 dry sark 参水牛奶 blue milk 日本粗茶 bancha生啤酒 draft beer 白啤酒 white beer <苏格兰>大麦酒barley-bree 咖啡伴侣coffee mate零食类(snack):mint 薄荷糖 cracker饼干, biscuit饼干, 棒棒糖bonbon 茶tea (沏茶make the tea)话梅prune candied plum 锅巴 rice crust 瓜子 melonseed 冰棒(冰果) ice(frozen) sucker 冰淇凌ice cream 防腐剂preservative 圣代冰淇淋 sundae 巧克力豆 marble chocolate barley 布丁pudding与食品有关的词语(some words about food):炸 fired 炝 quick boiled 烩 braise (烩牛舌 braised ox tongue)烤roast 饱嗝 burp 饱了饱的 full stuffed 解渴quench thirst (形容食物变坏spoil spoilage) preservative 防腐剂 expiration date 产品有效期(形容酒品好: a good strong brew 绝味酿)中式早點:烧饼Clay oven rolls 油条Fried bread stick 韭菜盒Fried leek dumplings水饺Boiled dumplings 蒸饺Steamed dumplings 馒头Steamed buns割包Steamed sandwich 饭团Rice and vegetable roll蛋饼Egg cakes 皮蛋100-year egg 咸鸭蛋Salted duck egg 豆浆Soybean milk饭类:稀饭Rice porridge 白饭Plain white rice 油饭 Glutinous oil rice糯米饭Glutinous rice 卤肉饭Braised pork rice 蛋炒饭Fried rice with egg地瓜粥Sweet potato congee面类:馄饨面 Wonton & noodles 刀削面 Sliced noodles 麻辣面Spicy hot noodles麻酱面Sesame paste noodles 鴨肉面 Duck with noodles 鱔魚面 Eel noodles乌龙面Seafood noodles 榨菜肉丝面Pork , pickled mustard green noodles牡蛎细面Oyster thin noodles 板条Flat noodles 米粉 Rice noodles炒米粉Fried rice noodles 冬粉Green bean noodle汤类:鱼丸汤Fish ball soup 貢丸汤Meat ball soup 蛋花汤Egg & vegetable soup 蛤蜊汤Clams soup 牡蛎汤Oyster soup 紫菜汤Seaweedsoup 酸辣汤Sweet & sour soup 馄饨汤Wonton soup 猪肠汤Pork intestine soup 肉羹汤Pork thick soup 鱿鱼汤 Squid soup 花枝羹Squid thick soup中餐:bear's paw 熊掌 * of deer 鹿脯 beche-de-mer; sea cucumber 海参sea sturgeon 海鳝 salted jelly fish 海蜇皮kelp,seaweed 海带 abalone 鲍鱼shark fin鱼翅scallops干贝lobster龙虾 bird's nest 燕窝 roast suckling pig 考乳猪pig's knuckle 猪脚 boiled salted duck 盐水鸭 preserved meat腊肉 barbecued pork 叉烧 sausage 香肠 fried pork flakes 肉松 BAR-B-Q 烤肉meat diet 荤菜 vegetables 素菜 meat broth 肉羹 local dish 地方菜Cantonese cuisine 广东菜 set meal 客饭 curry rice 咖喱饭fried rice 炒饭 plain rice 白饭 crispy rice 锅巴gruel, soft rice , porridge 粥—noodles with gravy 打卤面plain noodle 阳春面 casserole 砂锅 chafing dish,fire pot火锅 meat bun肉包子shao-mai烧麦preserved bean curd 腐乳bean curd豆腐fermented blank bean 豆豉 pickled cucumbers 酱瓜preserved egg 皮蛋 salted duck egg 咸鸭蛋 dried turnip 萝卜干西餐与日本料理:menu 菜单French cuisine法国菜 today's special 今日特餐 chef's special 主厨特餐 buffet 自助餐 fast food 快餐 specialty 招牌菜continental cuisine 欧式西餐 aperitif 饭前酒 dim sum 点心 French fires炸薯条baked potato烘马铃薯 mashed potatoes马铃薯泥omelette 简蛋卷 pudding 布丁 pastries 甜点 pickled vegetables 泡菜 kimchi 韩国泡菜 crab meat 蟹肉 prawn 明虾 conch 海螺 escargots 田螺braised beef 炖牛肉 bacon 熏肉 poached egg 荷包蛋 sunny side up 煎一面荷包蛋 over 煎两面荷包蛋 fried egg 煎蛋over easy 煎半熟蛋 over hard 煎全熟蛋 scramble eggs 炒蛋boiled egg 煮蛋 stone fire pot 石头火锅 sashi 日本竹筷 sake 日本米酒miso shiru 味噌汤 roast meat 铁板烤肉 sashimi 生鱼片 butter 奶油。
1、Pandora's box(潘朵拉的盒子) :因为替人类盗火,普罗米修斯(Prometheus)激怒了宙斯(Zeus)。
于是,宙斯决定惩罚人类,他命令火神造出一个美貌女人Pandora,让她去勾引Prometheus的弟弟埃比米修斯(Epimetheus),结果Epimetheus上当。
Pandora于是就将手中的盒子打开,放出了里面的罪恶、灾难、疾病、不幸,只留下了"希望"在盒子里。
就这样,Pandora's box成了"灾难的根源"的代名词。
2、the sword of Damocles(达摩克利斯之剑):叙拉古王朝的一位大臣Damocles非常羡慕国王的荣华富贵。
有一天,国王让他坐在王位上,并在Damocles的头上,用一根头发悬了一把利剑。
国王告诉他,王权的危险就象那把剑一样,随时可能降临。
因此the sword of Damocles就成了"富贵中隐藏的危险"的同义语。
3、Penelop's web:这个说法源自史诗《奥德赛》(Odyssey)。
泊涅罗珀(Penelop)是奥底修斯(Odysseus)的妻子,以忠贞而著称。
特洛伊战争持续十年, 而Odysseus在返家的途中又耽搁了十年。
在这漫长的二十年中,许多王公贵族向Penelop求婚,她都托辞说必须等织完布后才能予以考虑,每天一到晚上,她就将白天织好的布拆开。
因此Penelop's web就成了一项永远也做不完的工作。
4、apple of discord:这个说法意思是"不和的根源、发生纠纷的事端"。
佩琉斯和忒提斯举行婚礼时忘了邀请女神厄里斯(Eris)。
这位女神大为恼火,于是,留下一个刻有"献给最美者"的金苹果,引起了雅典娜、赫拉和阿芙罗狄忒的纷争。
这件事导致了特洛伊战争(Trojan War)。
中高级口译速记技巧(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
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口译笔记速记符号归总缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表acc = account, accountantacdg = accordingacpt = acceptad = advertisementadm = administrationads = addressadv = adviceagr = agricultureagt = agentalt = altitudea.m. = ante meridiem = before noon AMAP = as much as possibleamb = ambassadoramt = amountanal = analysisanc = ancientanon = anonymousans = answerapp = appendixApr = Aprilapt = apartmentarch = architecturearr = arrive; arrivalASAP = as soon as possibleass = assistant; associationat = atmosphere; atomicatt = attorney; attentionAug = Augustaux = auxiliaryav = averageave = avenuea.w.l. = absent with leave (准假)a.w.o.l. = absent without official leave (无故缺席) B.A. = Bachelor of Artsbal = balanceB.C. = before Christbd = boardbdl = bundlebk = bank; bookbkts = basketsB/L = bill of lading (提单)BLDG = buildingbp = birthplacebr = branch; brotherB.S. = Bachelor of Sciencebu = bureauC = capacity; century; chapter; centigrade; cost; city; center cal = calendar; caliber; caloriescap = capital; captaincat = catalogcc = carbon copy (复印件;抄送)CEO = chief executive officercert = certificateCFM = confirmcncl = cancelcp. = comparecit = citizenciv = civil; civilizationclk = clerkcml = commercialco. = companyc/o = care of(转交)col = college; colorcom = commentary; common; communication; community comm = commissioncomp = complete; computer; competition con = conclusion; againstcond = conditioncont. = continent; continuedcorp = corporationcust = customer; custom; customsDec = Decemberdec = deceased; declarationdef = defender; defensedeg = degreedep = depositDEPT = departmentdisc = discountdist = distance; distinguishdiv = divide; divorceddo. = ditto (同上)dorm = dormitorydpt = departuredz = dozene = east; earth; engineeringecon = economics; economyed. = education; editore.g. = exempli gratia = for example encl. = enclosed; enclosureesp. = especiallyetc. = et cetera = and so onex. = example; exception; extraexp. = exportexpln = explainext = extend; extensionFAX = facsimileFeb. = Februaryfem = female; feminineff. = followingfig = figuresfin = finance; financialfl = fluidFLT = flightFOB = free on board (船上交货;离岸价格) for = foreign; forestryfp = freezing pointfr = frequentFri. = Fridayfrt = freight (货物;货运)ft = foot; feet (脚;英寸)fut = futureFYR = for your reference (仅供参考)g = gold; grain; guide; gender; gravity G.A. = General Assembly (联合国大会) gen. = generallygent = gentleman; gentlemengm = gram; general managergov = governmentgs = general secretary (秘书长)h = harbor; hundred; husband; hydrogen hd = head (头部;首脑)hf = halfHon = honorable; honoraryH.Q. = headquartershr = hourht = heighthypoth = hypothesis; hypotheticali.a. = in absence; absentib. = ibidem = in the same placeID = identity; identity cardi.e. = id est = that isimp = import; imperialIMPS = impossibleIMPT = importantin. = inch; inchesind = industrial; independentindiv = individualinfo = informationins = insuranceinst. = instant; instituteint. = interior; interest (兴趣;利息)I/O = instead ofIOU = I owe you (借据)I.Q. = intelligence quotientIVO = in view of (鉴于,考虑到)is. = islandJ = judge; justicejour = journal; journalistjr. = junior (大学三年级学生; 年少的; 初级的)kg = kilogram (千克;公斤)km = kilometer (公里)lat. = latitudelb. = pounds (磅;英镑)L/C = letter of credit (信用证)leg = legallib = library; librarianliq = liquidlit = literaturelong. = longitudeM.A. = Master of Artsmach = machinerymag = magazineman. = manual; manufactureMar = Marchmath = mathematicsMDL = model (型号;模特)Mdm = Madammed. = medicine; medicalmem = member; memoir (回忆录) memo = memorandum (备忘录)mid = middlemin = minute; minimummkt. = marketmod = moderate; modernMon. = Mondaymph = mile per hour (每小时英里数; 车速) Mr. = MisterMrs. = MistressMS = manuscripts (手稿)msg = messageMt = Mount; mountainmus = music; museumn = north; noon; name; normalnat = national; native; naturaln.d. = no date (无日期)NLT = not later than (不迟于)No. = numberNov. = Novembernr = nearobj = object; objectiveobs = obsolete (过时的); observeobt = obtainOct. = Octoberoff. = office; officialop. = opera; operation; oppositeord = ordinaryorg = organizationorig = originaloz. = ounce (盎司)p. = page; power; pressurepara = paragraphpart = particular; partnerpass = passive; passengerPAT = patentpayt = paymentpc = piece; personal computerpd. = paid (钱款)已付perf = perform; performancePh.D. = Doctor of Philosophypk = park; peak (备注:pk这个符号大家可以根据时髦的用语来灵活拓展其含义) pkg = packagePLS = pleasep.m. = post meridiem = [w]afternoon POB = post-office boxpop = popular; populationpr. = pair; preferredprec = precedingprim = primary; primitiveprin. = principlepro = productProf. = professorpub. = public; publishqr. = quarterqt. = quantityqua = qualityr. = radius; railroad; retiredrcd = receivedrcpt = receiptRd = roadre = about (关于)reg = register; regionrep = representativerev = revise; reverse; revenuerm. = roomrpt = report; repeatSat. = Saturdaysch = schoolsci = sciencesec = second; section; sectorsig. = signal; signaturesitn = situationsp. = species (物种); specimen (标本) sq. = squareSTD = standardSun. = Sundaysurg = surgery; surgeontech = technologytel. = telephonetemp = temporary; temperature Thur. = ThursdayTKS = thankstrans = transaction; translationtrf = trafficTu. = TuesdayT.U. = Trade Union (英)工会ult = ultimateUN = United Nationsuniv = universityup = upperusu. = usuallyvil = villageV.P. = Vice Presidentvs. = versusv.v. = vice versa (反之亦然)wel = welcome; welfareXL = extra large (特大号)二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
口译速记技巧A.保留大写字母或第一音节经济:E 教育:Edu 文化:C 政治:P 科技:ST 卫生:H旅游:T 环境:En 工业:I 农业:AB.简写缩略AFAC:as far as … is concerned(就……而言)LFT:look forward to (期待)ASAP:as soon as possible(尽快)C.图像⊕高兴,同意,满意等,如:happy, pleased, satisfied, agree…◎悲伤,生气,不满,不同意等,如:sad, angry, irritated, unsatisfied, sorrowful, discomfort, disagree…⊙会议,如conference, meeting, seminar, symposium…□国家,地区,如:中国:□C,俄国:□RD.符号﹢高兴,男性,同意,增加等,如happy, male, agree, many, +2=more, +3=most, beneficial, good, beautiful, great, gorgeous…-悲伤,女性,不同意,减少等,如sad, female, disagree, little, few, -2=less, -3=least, lack of, short of…√同意,正确等,如:agree, correct, right…×不同意,错误等,如:disagree, incorrect…↑增长,进步等,如:increase, soar, mushroom, rocket, make progress…↓下降,退步,恶化等,如decrease, sink, slide, subside, plump, plunge, drop, degrade,deteriorate…>多于,超过, 比……低一级等,如:more than, greater than, begger than, better than, superior to, surpass, transcend, overtake…<少于,比……低级等,如:less than, lower than, smaller than, inferior to…~大约,如:approximately, about, around, some, nearly, almost, similar to…/否定,清除,如:clear, settle, solve, tackle, conquer, eliminate, extinct…﹦与……同等,如:stand for, refer to, means, that is to say, in other words, be equal to, as…as, same as…∥竞争对手,如:competitor, rival, opponent, enemy, counterpart…≠与……不同,如:differ from, different from, distinct, unique…$金钱,利益,如:interest, benefit, money, fund, capital…E.标点问题,麻烦,障碍,如:question, issue, difficult, hardship, barrier, obstacle…:主观想法和说辞,如:think, consider, speak, say, talk, mark, announce, declare, hope, 例:repeat或reaffirm可以用:2来替代,声明支持可以用+:来替代,谴责用-:. 表时间前后,如去年.y,明年y., 后天d..,前天..d,两周后w..现举例段落进行速记说明:女士们,先生们,尊贵的来宾们:今天我很荣幸能够代表北京大学全体师生向来自美国教育代表团一行致以热烈的欢迎,希望你们在今后的两周内在中国过得愉快。
口译的速记法来源:口译-学院精品课程作者:杨杰发表日期:2008-4-21 14:00:50 阅读次数:1964 查看权限:普通文章口译按其活动性质大致可以分为三种:联络口译(Liaison Interpreting)、随从传译(Personal Interpreting)、和会议传译(Conference Interpreting)。
会议传译多用于正式谈判和大型的国际会议、讲座等场合,按其工作方式又分为同声传译(Simultaneous Interpreting)和交替传译(Consecutive Interpreting)。
此时,译员要完整地记住一篇演讲或持续几分钟的讲话,会觉非常困难。
口译笔记速记法就成为会议传译的基本技巧。
口译笔记速记法,可以用英文词“STENOGRAPHY”来表示,其意指“快速的记录方法”。
然而,必须强调的是,口译笔记速记与课堂笔记或听写完全不一样。
口译笔记速记是为了当场的记忆,只要记录讲话的概要或关键词,不必全文记录,只用简单的文字和各种符号和缩写,突出重点、达到提示的目的即可。
中国的口译学者在长期的实践过程中,创造了一种口译笔记速记方法。
如下面图表一所示,主要是由符号和缩写构成。
图表一:口译笔记速记法的结构:|| |符号可分为狭义的和广义的两种。
狭义符号多数是一些图象符号,如□= “国家”;◎= “会议”等;广义符号大都是数学符号、标点符号,以及一些特殊符号。
这些符号直观地意示一个概念,不是特指词义,如X = “错误的、不对的、否定的、被拒绝的”等广义的概念。
缩写包括时间、数字、国名地名、常用缩写词和英文长字的缩写。
英文长字的缩写采用古代羊皮纸英语记录的一种方法:取长字的最前三、四个字母,再上标最后的一个或两个字母。
例如:PRODUCTION,可以记录为“Prod n”。
举一例说明英汉口译速记的特点:Last year a Sino-American symposium on agricultural production was held in HongKong. There were 20 Agricultural scientists from Britain, Canada, the United states, France,Italy, Japan and Singapore. Besides, over 100 participants came from China.这段英文可以速记成:从以上例子可以看到,英汉口译的速记有两大特点:其一,突出中心、提示要点。
因为是准备高级口译的,所以可能和iBT生活化/校园化的词汇不完全匹配,但方法抓住后,对听说考试也有些帮助:1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:waswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
中高级口译口试必备词汇a hedge against inflation n. 防止通货膨胀的措施hedge:助记方法:h加edge。
此词表示的是“防止可能造成损失的手段”。
注意此英语和中文语序的不同,“措施”在前,“通货膨胀”在后,介词是against。
a prudent monetary policy n. 稳健的货币政策prudent:助记方法:president中间的esi换为u,发/u/的音。
此词表“慎重的,稳健的”。
monetary:助记方法:mone加tary。
意思为“钱的; 货币的”此短语各词对应一致。
absolute advantage n. 绝对优势注意,“绝对”是absolute。
accounting n. 会计学;帐目清算;财会[glossary] [扩展]accountant n.会计(师)accounting fraud [ ] n. 做假帐accounting scandal [ ] n. 财务丑闻bookkeeping n. 记帐financial statement n. 财务报表keep the public informed of the financial affairs 财务公开fraud 诈骗,欺骗注意,此处将汉语中动词“做”翻译为英语中的名词,特别是汉语中整个短语表名词时,这一技巧较常使用。
又如“记账”翻译为:bookkeeping。
“财务公开”先翻“公开”,再翻“财务”acquisition of assets n. 购置资产此处acquisition是acquire的演生(去re加sition)Assets 资产,财产(逆差) active balance (passive balance/ unfavorable balance) n. 顺差这里的“差”用balance表示,“顺”和“逆”分别用active和passive来表示。
advanced technology n. 先进技术此词照直翻译。
口译的速记法口译按其活动性质大致可以分为三种:联络口译(Liaison Interpreting)、随从传译(Personal Interpreting)、和会议传译(Conference Interpreting)。
会议传译多用于正式谈判和大型的国际会议、讲座等场合,按其工作方式又分为同声传译(Simultaneous Interpreting)和交替传译(Consecutive Interpreting)。
此时,译员要完整地记住一篇演讲或持续几分钟的讲话,会觉非常困难。
口译笔记速记法就成为会议传译的基本技巧。
口译笔记速记法,可以用英文词“STENOGRAPHY”来表示,其意指“快速的记录方法”。
然而,必须强调的是,口译笔记速记与课堂笔记或听写完全不一样。
口译笔记速记是为了当场的记忆,只要记录讲话的概要或关键词,不必全文记录,只用简单的文字和各种符号和缩写,突出重点、达到提示的目的即可。
中国的口译学者在长期的实践过程中,创造了一种口译笔记速记方法。
如下面图表一所示,主要是由符号和缩写构成。
图表一:口译笔记速记法的结构:口译笔记速记法|| |广义符号狭义符号时间和数字长字国名常用缩写符号可分为狭义的和广义的两种。
狭义符号多数是一些图象符号,如□ = “国家”;◎ = “会议”等;广义符号大都是数学符号、标点符号,以及一些特殊符号。
这些符号直观地意示一个概念,不是特指词义,如X = “错误的、不对的、否定的、被拒绝的”等广义的概念。
缩写包括时间、数字、国名地名、常用缩写词和英文长字的缩写。
英文长字的缩写采用古代羊皮纸英语记录的一种方法:取长字的最前三、四个字母,再上标最后的一个或两个字母。
例如:PRODUCTION,可以记录为“Prod n”。
举一例说明英汉口译速记的特点:Last year a Sino-American symposium on agricultural production was held in HongKong. There were 20 Agricultural scientists from Britain, Canada, the United states, France,Italy, Japan and Singapore. Besides, over 100 participants came from China.这段英文可以速记成:从以上例子可以看到,英汉口译的速记有两大特点:其一,突出中心、提示要点。
口译笔记速记符号归总!Note-taking symbols and abbreviations一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:F 拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF 保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF 保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF 根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD IncludeINDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD Product QLTY Quality QUTY Quantity RCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
2021年英语翻译之高级口译技巧口译技巧1.句式调整同传在词语的翻译上可以做到地道和相对准确,但句子结构不可能像交传那样按照中文的句式习惯组织安排,对于英汉传译,往往需要采用英语句式的顺序: 【例】Frankly, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with or withoutour help.【译】坦率地讲,思想和商品都将会在全球流通,不管有没有我们的帮助.2.断句和巧用连词处理长句是同传的基本功之一.翻译长句,除了断成译群外,还有一个关键要掌握,即英文句子之所以长是因为要避免重复使用同一个词,于是用who.which.that 来代替主语或宾语,使得句子很长,而在中文中就不怕重复使用.【例】That is the single monetary policy which will be discussed at the ne_tEuropean Union conference.【译】那就是单一货币政策 // 该政策将在下一届欧盟会议上讨论.为了保证译出语的连贯性和准确性,同传时尽量使用译入语的文法结构,在将其断为多个句群后可以使用一些润滑剂,即连词,将单个的句群联系起来.3.调整顺序在一些有after和before的句子中可以将其反说,比如:【例】I would like to make one point clear before I move on to the ne_tpoint.【译】我想先澄清一下,然后再讲下一部分.【例】I would like to move on to the ne_t part after I clarify one point.【译】我想谈下一部分,在这之前先澄清一点.4.转换词性☆ 名词转动词【例】the development and application of new telecom service【译】如果听到整句主语后才开始切入翻译会稍显滞后,此时可以试着将这些名词译成动词,这样其实也符合英语的表达方式.可译为:开发和运用新的电信业务.【例】In China, the full opening up and the profound reform in the publicservices areas to the foreign encounter parts greatly give impetus to thedevelopment of the tertiary industry.【译】可将此句译成:在中国, 全面开放和深化改革公共服务领域,并将其向国外同行开放,这会极大推动第三产业的发展.还有一些同类表达:clear evidence of 清楚地表明give impetus to 有力地推动an obvious violation of 显然违反了☆ 被动转主动英语中大量使用被动句,目的主要是为了强调或者平衡句子结构.这种表达方式与汉语有较大差别,造成翻译英语中的被动语态时比较吃力,特别是当句子主语较长时,在这种情况下,建议将语态由被动转成主动,往往会有柳暗花明之感: 【例】Arrangement must be made to guarantee the basic life necessities couldbe available to the people in the earthquake hit areas.【译】必须做出安排……【译】China’s diplomatic practice is seriously guided by the five principlesof mutual peaceful coe_istence.【译】中国的外交活动是严格遵循原则的,即和平共处五项原则.5.及时调整错误一般来说,在同传中不会有回过头来重新改正自己错误的可能性,但也不绝对,所以,如果具备了改错空间,当然提倡有错必改.调整是同声翻译中的校译过程,是译员根据接收到的新内容调整信息.纠正错译.补充漏译的重要环节.如英语中的时间.地点状语等大多出现在句尾,在使用〝顺句驱动〞翻译时,会出现译完主句又出现状语的情况._年翻译资格考试一级笔译英译汉练习题Climate Change: A Race We Must WinWe face a new era of climate crisis. July _ is the hottest month onrecord, and we are on track for _ to _ to be the five hottest years inhuman history. The level of CO2 in the atmosphere is at its highest point inhuman history; climate-related devastations strike more often than ever, withdroughts, hurricanes, heatwaves and landslides regularly attacking our planet,bringing high tolls and casualties, causing huge economic loss to countriesandto individuals, particularly affecting the most vulnerable in societies. Thelatest report of UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacificshows that natural disasters in the region are currently responsible foreconomic losses of up to US$675 billion annually and affecting close to _0million people.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话,可以免费预约短信提醒,届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间.The clock is ticking. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange, we need to collectively ensure that global temperature rise does not gobeyond 1.5 degrees. This means we must reduce emissions by 45 percent by _and achieve carbon neutrality by 2_0. Such goals might seem too ambitious, butclimate change is not a standalone issue that can be ignored given the profoundimplications it has for all countries and all peoples, including the younggeneration who will be living with the ever-increasing consequences of globalwarmings.Faced with this reality, it is impossible to ignore that human developmentcan only flourish if the natural world flourishes. This is the premise of theUN’s Sustainable Development Goals that have become more urgent looking forwardto the ne_t decade. How can we as the global community work together as one?To boost ambition, reinforce strong political will and encourage concreteactions to implement the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the UNSecretary-General António Guterres will host the _ Climate Action Summit on23 September during the UN General Assembly. The Summit will bring togethergovernments, the private sector, civil society, local authorities and otherinternational organizations to develop ambitious solutions in si_ areas: aglobal transition to renewable energy; sustainable and resilient infrastructuresand cities; sustainable agriculture and management of forests and oceans; resilience and adaptation to climate impacts; and alignment of public and private finance with a ‘net zero’ economy. The message is clear: we need concrete, realistic plans to enhance countries’ nationally determinedcontributions by _, in line with reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45 percent over the ne_t decade, and to achieve ‘net zero’ emissions by 2_0. As the second largest economy in the world, China has played a criticalpart in committing to the Paris Agreement and its leadership and commitment iscrucial in achieving the goals. The country has made remarkable progress indeveloping its green economy, with more than US$_5 billion dollars’investmentin renewable energy in _. New renewable energy jobs in China now outnumberthose created in the oil and gas industries. Under the _th Five-Year Plan,China has already e_ceeded full three per cent of its target, to reduce energyintensity by _ percent. The country is also the global leader in the adoptionof electric buses, with an estimation of _% of China’s total bus fleet beingelectrified according to research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Thisdemonstrates a significant increase in the importance of non-fossil fuel fromprevious five-year plan targets. The benefits China has reaped from fosteringits renewable energy sector and the green economy also offer a primecounter-e_ample to the mistaken belief that economic vitality and growth isincompatible with efforts to combat climate change.As the global challenge that does not respect national borders, climatechange is an issue that requires solutions to be coordinated at theinternational level, with demand for all developed countries taking up greaterresponsibilities, and for developing countries moving toward low-carbon economy.In the meantime, as the world’s most populous country and one of the largest carbon emitters, China can play an even more vital role in tackling globalclimate change by ma_imizing its enormous potential for emission reduction andaccelerating the current positive.The UN is committed to working with the government of China, the private sector, NGOs, youth and other key stakeholders to support climate changereduction efforts in China, to raise awareness and build the ne_t generation ofclimate leaders, as well as China’s growing support to other developingcountries. Under initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, UN and Chinacan work closely together to make the best use of the investment ininfrastructure to promote the transition from fossil fuel-intensive economy togreen and low-carbon economy in developing countries and ensure the initiativesare in line with sustainable development goals. South-South Cooperation can alsofacilitate the e_changes of climate solutions – bringing China’s successfulpractices to developing world and customize the methodology to best serve thelocal conte_t and needs. Considering the scale of China’s commitments, thepotential impact these global engagements will have is unparalleled. Therefore,the UN is ready to continue its partnership with China to ensure that an agendaof environmental sustainability, of climate change mitigation and resilience isplaced first and foremost at the head of China’s global development initiativesand investments.Climate change is running faster than we are and we need to have a muchmore ambitious approach in what we do in order to defeat climate change – asthis is a race that we can and must win.气候变化:一场我们必须打赢的比赛我们面临着气候危机的新时代._年7月是有记录以来最热的一个月,_年至_年有望成为人类历史上最热的5年.大气中的二氧化碳含量达到了人类历史上的最高点.与气候变化有关的自然灾害比以往任何时候都更加频繁,干旱.飓风.热浪和山体滑坡的频发造成了大范围人员伤亡,给许多国家和人民造成了巨大的经济损失,尤其是社会中最脆弱的群体受影响最为严重.联合国亚太经济社会委员会最新报告显示,该地区自然灾害造成的经济损失高达每年6750亿美元,影响近1.5亿人.时间一分一秒地过去.政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange)的报告表明,我们需要共同确保全球气温上升不超过1.5摄氏度.这意味着我们必须在_年前减少45%的排放量,并在2_0年前实现碳中和.这些目标似乎过于雄心勃勃,但考虑到气候变化对所有国家和人民所产生的深远影响,全球变暖日益严重所产生的后果年轻一代将首当其冲,我们绝不能将气候变化孤立开来,不能小觑其可能产生的后果和影响.面对气候变化的现实,我们需要清醒地认识到,人类的发展只有在自然界繁荣的情况下才能蓬勃发展.这是联合国可持续发展目标的前提,展望未来十年,这些目标变得更加紧迫.我们该如何作为一个国际社会共同努力?联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯将于9月23日在联合国大会期间主持_年气候行动峰会,以提振雄心,增强政治意愿,鼓励落实《巴黎气候变化协定》的具体行动.首脑会议将汇集各国政府.私营部门.民间社会.地方当局和其他国际组织,在六个领域制定雄心勃勃的解决办法:全球范围内向可再生能源过渡;可持续和适应力强的基础设施和城市;可持续农业和森林及海洋管理;对气候影响的恢复力和适应能力;公共和私人金融向〝净零〞经济看齐.峰会要传递的信息很明确:我们需要具体.现实的计划,到_年提高各国的自主贡献,在未来10年将温室气体排放量减少45%,到2_0年实现〝净零〞排放.作为世界第二大经济体,中国在履行《巴黎协定》方面发挥了重要作用,中国的领导和承诺对实现《巴黎协定》的目标至关重要.中国绿色经济发展取得了显著进展,_年可再生能源投资超过_50亿美元.目前,中国可再生能源新增就业人数已超过石油和天然气行业.在十三五计划实施期间,中国已经超额完成目标的3%,降低能源强度_%.中国还是全球率先使用电动公交车的国家,根据彭博新能源财经研究估计,_%中国公交车汽车实现电气化.这表明,与之前的五年计划目标相比,非化石燃料的重要性显著提高.中国从发展可再生能源产业和绿色经济中获益的事实也为有些人错误地认为经济的活力和增长与应对气候变化不可兼得提供了一个主要的反例.全球性挑战向来不受国境线的限制,气候变化这一全球性议题需要在国际层面协调解决方案,要求所有发达国家承担更大的责任,发展中国家向低碳经济迈进.作为世界上人口最多的国家和最大的碳排放国之一,中国可以在应对全球气候变化方面发挥更重要的作用,最大限度地发挥其巨大的减排潜力,进一步加快进度.联合国致力于与中国政府.私营部门.非政府组织.青年和其他主要利益攸关方一道,支持中国减少气候变化的努力,提高认识,培养下一代气候领导人,并不断加大对其他发展中国家的支持力度.在各项倡议的支持下,例如一带一路倡议,联合国和中国可以紧密合作,充分利用基础设施投资,促进发展中国家从化石燃料密集型的经济向绿色和低碳经济的过渡,确保项目符合可持续发展目标.南南合作也可以促进气候解决方案的交流,将中国的成功经验推广到发展中国家,并根据当地的实际情况和需求,因地制宜地调整方法论.考虑到中国承诺的规模,这些全球合作的潜在影响将是巨大的.因此,联合国愿继续与中国保持伙伴关系,确保将环境可持续性.减缓气候变化和提高适应能力置于中国全球发展倡议和投资的首位.如果将气候行动比作一场比赛,那么气候变化现在的速度比我们快,我们需要更大的决心来应对这一挑战,因为这是一场我们能够而且必须获胜的比赛._年翻译资格考试一级口译实务材料常驻联合国代表张军大使在安理会中导问题公开会上的发言Statement by Ambassador Zhang Jun at Security Council onIntermediate-RangeNuclear Forces Treaty_年8月_日_ August _主席女士,Madam President,我认真听取了中满泉副秘书长所作通报.I have listened carefully to the briefing by USG Nakamitsu._87年美苏达成的《中导条约》是军控与裁军领域的重要条约.条约明确将加强战略稳定作为目标,有效缓解了美苏在欧洲的中导军备竞赛,有利于增进大国战略互信,缓和国际关系,推进核裁军进程.TheIntermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) signed between the US and theUSSR in _87 is an important treaty on arms control and disarmament. Takingstrengthening strategic stability as its objective, the treaty effectivelymitigated the arms race on intermediate-range missiles between the US and USSRin Europe and helped to enhance strategic mutual trust between major powers,ease international relations and advance nuclear disarmament process.进入新世纪以来,维护《中导条约》有效性,不仅对美俄两国,也对国际和地区的和平与安全具有重要现实意义.美俄本应通过对话协商妥善处理关于履约问题的分歧,切实维护条约有效性.但美国单方面退约导致条约失效,将对全球战略平衡与稳定.欧洲和亚太地区安全及国际军控体系产生深远消极影响,国际社会应对此保持清醒认识.在《中导条约》问题上,中方已多次表明立场,拿中国作为退约借口是不可接受的.中方拒绝美方的无理指责.Entering the new century, safeguarding the effectiveness of the INF treatyis of great practical significance not only to the United States and Russia butalso to international and regional peace and security. The two countries shouldhave properly handled differences over treaty compliance through dialogue andconsultation to earnestly safeguard the effectiveness of the treaty.However,the unilateral withdrawal of the United States from the treaty led to the demiseof the treaty, which will have a far-reaching negative impact on globalstrategic balance and stability, regional security in Europe and Asia as well asinternational arms control regime. The international community should be clearheaded about this impact. On the INF issue, China has made clear its position onmany occasions. It is unacceptable to use China as an e_cuse for leaving thetreaty, and China rejects the baseless accusation by the United States.主席女士,Madam President,当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局,和平.发展.合作.共赢的时代潮流不可逆转,和平力量的上升远远超过战争因素的增长.同时,国际安全面临的不稳定性不确定性更加突出.多边主义是应对共同挑战的有效途径,各国应坚定维护以国际法和《联合国宪章》宗旨原则为核心的国际秩序,秉持共同.综合.合作和可持续的新安全观,充分尊重各国正当合理安全关切,努力塑造和平稳定的国际安全环境,推动构建人类命运共同体.The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. Peace,development and win-win cooperation remain the irreversible trends of the times,with forces for peace predominating over elements of war. At the same time,there are prominent destabilizing factors and uncertainties in internationalsecurity. Multilateralism is the effective means to address common challenges.All countries should resolutely safeguard international order with internationallaw and the purposes and principles of the UN Charter at its core, embrace aconcept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, fullyrespect the legitimate security concerns of all countries, work hard for apeaceful and stable international security environment and promote a communityof a shared future for mankind.《联合国宪章》赋予安理会维护国际和平与安全的重要职责,安理会成员应展现责任担当,各国均应避免采取损害别国安全利益的举动.美方在正式退出《中导条约》前即宣称计划加快中导研发和部署,并已于日前试射新型陆基巡航导弹.中方强烈敦促有关国家本着高度负责的态度,保持克制,切实维护现有军控体系,维护全球战略平衡与稳定,维护国际和地区和平与安宁.这是国际社会的共同呼声.The UN Charter entrusts the Security Council with the importantresponsibility of maintaining international peace and security. Council membersshould earnestly fulfill their responsibilities in this regard. All countriesshould refrain from taking actions that undermine the security interests ofother countries. Prior to its official withdrawal from the INF treaty, the United States already announced its plan to accelerate the development and deployment of intermediate range missiles. And lately, it conducted a testlaunch of land-based cruise missile. China strongly urges the relevant countryto take a highly responsible attitude, e_ercise restraint and earnestlypreservethe e_isting arms control regime in an effort to safeguard global strategicbalance and stability and international and regional peace and security. This isthe shared message from the international community.退出《中导条约》是美国奉行单边主义.推卸国际义务的又一消极举动,其真实目的是自我松绑.谋求单方面绝对军事优势.中国始终奉行防御性的国防政策,拥有的陆基中程导弹全部部署在本国境内,完全出于防御目的,不威胁任何国家.中方坚决反对美国在亚太地区部署陆基中导,要求美方在此方面保持理性和克制.Withdrawal from the INF treaty is yet another act of unilateralism andescape from international obligations by the United States. It is aimed atrelieving restrictions and seeking absolute military advantage. China pursues anational defense policy that is defensive nature. China’s land-basedintermediate range missiles are all deployed within the Chinese territory. It isfor defense purposes only and poses no threat to any country. China firmly opposes US deployment of land-based intermediate range missiles in theAsia-Pacific and urges the United States to be cool-headed and e_erciserestraint.主席女士,Madam President,国际军控与裁军条约体系是全球战略平衡与稳定的基石,与国际和平安全息息相关.核裁军是《不扩散核武器条约》的三大支柱之一,是核领域全球治理的重要组成部分.各国应遵循〝维护全球战略稳定〞和〝各国安全不受减损〞等原则,循序渐进推进核裁军进程.拥有最大核武库的国家应切实履行核裁军特殊.优先责任.我们支持俄罗斯在此方面作出的政治外交努力,支持并鼓励俄罗斯和美国就战略安全和双边核裁军问题保持对话,致力于《美俄关于进一步削减和限制进攻性战略武器措施的条约》延期,并继续以可核查.不可逆.具有法律约束力的方式大幅削减核武库,为推进多边核裁军进程创造必要条件.The international arms control and disarmament treaty system, as thecornerstone of global strategic balance and stability, bears on internationalpeace and security. Nuclear Disarmament, as one of the three pillars of the NPT,constitutes an important part of global governance in the nuclear field. Allcountries should follow the principles of 〝maintaining global strategic stability〞 and 〝undiminished security for all〞 and advance disarmamentprocessin a step-by-step manner. Countries with the largest nuclear arsenals have special and primary responsibility for nuclear disarmament. We support thepolitical and diplomatic efforts made by Russia, support and encourage Russiaand the United States to maintain dialogue on strategic security and bilateralnuclear disarmament issues, commit themselves to the e_tension of the New STARTTreaty, continue to make substantive reduction in their nuclear arsenals in averifiable, irreversible and legally binding manner with a view to creating necessary conditions for advancing multilateral nuclear disarmamentprocesses.我要强调,任何军控谈判都应充分考虑各国整体军事实力,并遵循〝各国安全不受减损〞这一国际军控基本原则.中方已多次就所谓〝中美俄军控谈判〞提议表明立场,现阶段中方无意也不会参加所谓〝中美俄军控谈判〞.I must emphasize that for any arms control negotiation, it is imperative tofully consider the overall military capabilities of countries and follow theprinciple of 〝undiminished security for all〞, a basic principle of internationalarms control. China has repeatedly stated its position on the so-called armscontrol negotiation with the United States and Russia. China has no interest andwill not be part of it.中国始终不渝奉行防御性国防政策,中国自卫防御的核战略完全透明,中国的核政策高度负责,中国的核武库规模极为有限,从不对国际和平与安全构成威胁.几十年来,中国一贯积极参与联合国.裁军谈判会议等多边机制框架下的军控磋商与谈判,反对军备竞赛,维护全球战略平衡和稳定.未来中方将继续坚定维护多边主义,积极参与多边军控进程,为维护国际和平与安全贡献力量.China unswervingly pursues a national defense policy that is defensive innature. China’s nuclear strategy for self-defense is completely transparent andits nuclear policy is highly responsible. China’s nuclear arsenal is e_tremelylimited in scale, and poses no threat to international peace and security. Fordecades, China has actively participated in arms control consultations andnegotiations under multilateral mechanisms and frameworks including those of theUnited Nations and Conference on Disarmament. China opposes arms race and worksto safeguard global strategic balance and stability. Moving forward, China willcontinue to firmly uphold multilateralism, actively participate in multilateralarms control processes to contribute to the maintenance of international peaceand security.谢谢主席女士.Thank you, Madam President.英语翻译。
口译笔记速记符号归总2007-10-14 12:58二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如:日本人:JZ。
C 表示政府,统治:government,govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为 CZ P 表示政治:politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician就可以表示为 PZE 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
G 表示效率:efficient, effective。
G为效率符号。
Q 表示"通货膨胀":inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业:business。
C× 表示冲突,矛盾:conflict,confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对,字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。
W 表示工作,职业: work, employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。
中/高级口译备考胜经——听力之速记词汇篇根据历年中高级口译听译部分的实考题,将词汇和话题总结成以下几个板块,再根据时下热点,补充了一些分类词汇。
学友们可以对照模块复习,再考前再针对性的进行关键词汇的背诵,为考试再加加码。
宏观话题分类:1. 商务场景:求职面试,公司管理,经营情况,职场准则2. 环境保护:能源危机,气候变暖,生态建设3. 世界经济:金融危机,经济发展4. 世界议题:恐怖主义,人口负担,老龄社会,自然灾害5. 卫生保健:流行疾病,健康保健6. 人文科技:世博展会具体话题及相关词汇1.老龄化社会 aging society/population 老龄人口话题Welfare 福利Well-being “幸福”, 良好的状态Well-off 小康/富裕Good perks 津贴,补贴Allowance=subsidy 补贴Retire/retiree/retirement 退休/退休者Pensioner 领养老金者Health care 保健Health insurance 医疗保险Social security system 社保体系2. 人口负担Population explosion 人口爆炸Resources exhaustion/consumption/depletion 资源耗竭修饰资源耗竭速度之快用at an alarming rate/alarmingly 惊人的类似的有startling/shocking/surprising/appalling 恐怖主义 terrorism反恐 counter-/anti-terrorismnuclear proliferation 核扩散3. 世博展会ExhibitionExposition 博览会Fair 交易会Exhibitor 参展商/国Delegation 代表团Representative/deputy 代表Pavilion 场馆Better city, better life 城市,让生活更美好Diverse urban culture 多元城市文化Bureau of International Exhibition 国际展览局展示的几种说法:Display/show/showcase/present/stage…高科技:High-tech 高科技Genetic modification 转基因Artificial intelligence 人工智能Hybrid car 混合动力车Fuel efficiency 燃料经济性4. 自然灾害:Degradation/deterioration of grassland 草场退化Deforestation 乱砍乱伐Desertification 土地沙漠化Soil erosion 水土流失Rising sea level 海平面上涨Landslide 山体滑坡Mudslide 泥石流Typhoon 台风Tropical storm 热带风暴Hurricane 飓风Tornado 龙卷风Gale/gust 大风Tsunami 海啸Earthquake/quake/tremor 地震5. 金融危机:Financial crisis 金融危机Economic hardship/downturn 经济危机Subprime mortgage crunch 次贷危机/credit crunch 信贷危机Tight credit 紧张信贷/loose 宽松信贷Tighten the belt 勒紧裤腰带Investment Bank 投资银行Commercial bank 商业银行著名投行Morgan Stanley 摩根士丹利BoA Bank of America 美国银行Goldman Sachs 高盛关于健康的几种说法:HealthinessPhysical fitnessWellness传统定义:Absence of/free from disease健康的定义:Holistic/comprehensive definition of health involves the complete state of physical, emotional, spiritual, environmental, intellectual health生命在于运动:Aerobic 有氧运动Athlete/sportsman 运动员Bun-jee jumping 蹦极Extreme sports 极限运动Gym, gymnasium 健身房Stadium 体育场Track and field 田径Jogging 慢跑Stamina 体能Endurance 耐力流行疾病:Epidemic/pandemic/endemic 流行病Obesity 肥胖症Diabetes 糖尿病Stroke 中风MalariaPneumonia 肺炎Swine flu/H1N1 猪流感Avian/bird flu 禽流感Mad cow disease 疯牛病SARS 非典AIDS 艾滋病Heart attack 心脏病发作Lung cancer 肺癌 vs. smoking/cigarette/tobacco industry 烟草业Public banning 公共场合禁止经济发展:Economic Integration 经济一体化Globalization 全球化Foreign trade 外贸Sin-euro/us/Jp/Af/ relationship 中美关系Trade deficit/surplus/volume 贸易赤字/盈余/外贸额Trade barrier/imbalance/protectionism 贸易障碍/不平衡/保护主义Imbalance有时会用uneven代替气候变暖:Climate change 气候变化Copenhagen Climate Summit 哥本哈根气候峰会Carbon emission 碳排放Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Carbon monoxide 一氧化碳Exhaust 汽车尾气Wastes 废料Sewage 下水道污物Chemical 化学物质Heavy metal 重金属Pesticide 杀虫剂Greenhouse effect 温室效应El Nino 厄尔尼诺现象环境保护:Hazard 有毒物质=toxicHazardous a.有毒有害的污染的其他几种说法:contaminate; taint有毒奶粉:tainted milk powderKyoto Protocol/Treaty 京都议定书生态建设Ecosystem 生态系统Bio-diversity 生物多样性Ecological environment 生态环境Endangered species 濒危物种Wildlife 野生动物Ban/Bar on whale hunting 禁止捕鲸Organic farming/gardening 有机农业能源危机:Energy crisis 能源危机Shortage/lack/poverty/scarcity of…缺少Rarity of ….稀少Electricity 电=powerNatural gas 天然气Petroleum 石油Gas/petrol 汽油Diesel 柴油Fresh water 淡水Coal 煤炭油价的说法:比如:100美元1桶$100 a barrel替代能源 alternative energySolar energy 太阳能Solar panel 太阳能板Nuclear energy 核能Wind power 风能Tidal power 潮汐能Geothermal power 地热能Hydroelectric project 水力发电项目Fossil fuel 化石燃料Ethanol 乙醇,酒精燃料Hydrogen fuel Battery 氢燃料电池Energy Independence 能源独立求职面试类核心词汇:Post/job/position职位/appointment, designation, assignment任命Apply for/file for申请Applicant; candidate 申请人;候选者记两个词组:prospective employee/employer 潜在雇员/雇主常考词组Potential customer 潜在顾客Interview/interviewee/interviewer 面试者/面试官Overnight/overtime/ 熬夜/加班Show up/turn up/pop up/appear/emerge/arise/rise 出现, 0909首句考了show up,口语话的表达,轻松。
高级英语口译笔记高级口译笔记——礼仪祝词(Ceremonial Speech)开幕/闭幕式opening/closing ceremony开幕词opening speech/address致开幕词make an opening speech友好访问goodwill visit阁下Y our/His/Her Honor/Excellency贵宾distinguished guest尊敬的市长先生Respected Mr.Mayor远道而来/来自大洋彼岸的朋友friends coming from a distant land/the other side of the Pacific 东道国host country 宣布……开幕declare……open值此之际on the occasion of借此机会take this opportunity to以……名义in the name of本着……精神in the spirit of代表on the behalf of由衷的谢意heartfelt thanks友好款待gracious hospitality正式邀请officioa invitation回顾过去look back on展望未来look ahead/look into the future最后in closing圆满成功 a complete success提议祝酒propose a toast亚太地区Asian-Pacific region建交establishment of diplomatic relations between互访exchange of visit外交政策foreign policy一贯奉行in persistent pursuit of平等互利equality and mutual benefit双边关系bilateral relations持久和平lasting peace贸易额trade volume商业界business community跨国公司transnational corporation经济强国/经济大国/经济列强(视具体情况翻译)economic power1.我愿借此机会,代表我们代表团的全体成员,对我们东道主的诚挚邀请,表示真诚的谢意。
中高级口译考试词汇必备一、政治类。
1. diplomacy [dɪˈpləʊməsi] n. 外交;外交手腕;交际手段。
- 例句:China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace in its diplomacy.(中国在外交中奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。
)2. negotiation [nɪˌɡəʊʃiˈeɪʃn] n. 谈判;协商;转让。
- 例句:The negotiation between the two countries lasted for several months.(两国之间的谈判持续了几个月。
)3. treaty [ˈtriːti] n. 条约;协议;谈判。
- 例句:The two sides signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation.(双方签署了友好合作条约。
)二、经济类。
1. economy [ɪˈkɒnəmi] n. 经济;节约;理财。
- 例句:The global economy is facing many challenges.(全球经济正面临许多挑战。
)2. inflation [ɪnˈfleɪʃn] n. 膨胀;通货膨胀;夸张。
- 例句:High inflation can have a negative impact on people's living standards.(高通货膨胀会对人们的生活水平产生负面影响。
)3. revenue [ˈrevənjuː] n. 税收收入;财政收入;收益。
- 例句:The government's revenue mainly comes from taxes.(政府的收入主要来自税收。
)三、文化类。
1. heritage [ˈherɪtɪdʒ] n. 遗产;传统;继承物;继承权。
- 例句:This ancient building is part of our national heritage.(这座古老的建筑是我们国家遗产的一部分。
口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时,人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子,或者一组十位数的数字。
因此,对于口译工作者来说,完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的,记笔记便显得十分重要。
做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),等。
有效的笔记系统影响口译质量的一大原因是笔记得当与否口译笔记是辅助记忆的手段,是在听讲过程中用简单的文字或符号记下讲话内容中能刺激记忆的关键词。
通过关键词能够提示考生讲话人所表述的意思,掌握其表述内容的前因后果、上下文的逻辑关系。
除此之外,数字、地点、人名容易一听就忘,所以也要及时记下这些必要的细节。
但是如果考生将精力完全集中在笔记上,而忽视了对摄入信息的分析理解和加工处理,那么笔记反倒会成为口译的绊脚石。
所以考生一定要遵从“大脑记忆为主,笔记为辅”的基本原则,不能过分依赖笔记。
掌握了战略原则,接下来要考虑的自然是“怎样记笔记”这个战术问题了。
“怎样记”是一个因人而异的问题,理论上以目标语加符号为宜,如“powerful country”记作“强□”,“我同意”记作“I√”,“观点,看法一致”记作“⊙ same”,“economic development”记作“经↑”等等。
用目标语记录能够帮助考生脱离原语的语言外壳,使笔记成为表达的雏形,为表达提供便利。
不过理论归理论,遇到具体情况还应具体处理,考生完全可以采用自己认为最迅速,最简短的方法记录。
比如汉译英时,汉语是母语,用汉语记,自然反应更快,记得更准,所以何乐而不为。
相反,只要英文记录相对容易,就不必拘泥于上述的理论,锁住自己的手脚。
还有英汉双语混用,也都是口译笔记个性化的体现。
值得注意的是,无论用原语还是目标语,缩略语还是符号,关键是要能将记录下来的内容复原成完整正确的信息,千万不能造成识别的误区。
以下举考试中的两个实例来说明口译笔记的一些基本要领:(1) As an American manager of a Sino-American joint venture for two years, I have to say that there are differences in business management between Chinese and Americans. //We are more direct and straightforward than most Chinese colleagues due to our different cultural traditions. //I can’t say our way of doing business is absolutely superior. Arter all, there are strong points and weak points in both types of management. //In recent years, more and more American business executives have recognized the strong points of the more humane way of Chinese management.美经中美合企 2年 I 说 dif@bus. man. 中←→美//we 更直率比中←不同文传//I x 我 bus. ++ 毕有 + & - @both //近年美企exe. 强: hu 中管//(2)今晚,我们很高兴在北京大学再次接待我们的老朋友格林博士和夫人。
//我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈的欢迎。
//我相信格林博士这次对我校的访问,必将为进一步加强两校的友好合作关系作出重要的贡献。
//明天,贵宾们将要赴南京和上海访问,我预祝大家一路旅途愉快。
今eve we J 北大再接老朋 Dr Green&Mrs //I 代全staff →Dr.&Mrs. G & 其 NZ 宾: wel //I Bel Gr 我sch 访友合重贡//tom 宾 go 南 & 上 I wish nice trip//总之,记笔记是为了突出中心,提示难点,给短期记忆一臂之力,所以笔记的方法一定要得当。
逐字逐句地记录既办不到也不必要,还会分散精力影响听的效果。
口译笔记应简短、清晰、易辨,寥寥几个关键词,能为理解后的表达起到很好的提示作用。
口译笔记有一定的规则可循,但又具有强烈的个性化,因此考生必须在反复练习的基础上,发展一套适合自己特点的笔记体系,在实践中不断完善,并通过优化了的笔记系统提高口译质量。
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily.A good idea is tointroduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizableabbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever theterm, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CASthereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, anapostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide arecognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can besubstituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets ofsymbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。