考博英语模拟试题及详解(二)【圣才出品】
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复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1.He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to ______ the consequences.A.answer forB.run intoC.abide byD.step into正确答案:A解析:answer for是“对……负责”;B.run into是“陷入,碰到”;C.abide by是“遵守”;D.step into是“进入,走进”。
2.The wealth of a country should be measured ______ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.A.in line withB.in terms ofC.in regard toD.in case of正确答案:B解析:本题意为“衡量一个国家的财富,既要根据一个国家生产的物质又要根据该国人民的健康和幸福”。
in terms of的意思是“根据,按照”;in line with 的意思是“跟……一致,符合”;in regard to的意思是“关于”;in case of的意思是“假使……,万一……”。
3.I tried very hard to persuade him to join our groups but I met with flat ______ .A.disapprovalB.rejectionC.refusalD.decline正确答案:C解析:本题意为“我竭力劝他加入我们的团体,但遭到断然的拒绝”。
考博英语分类模拟题2019年(2)(总分41.5, 做题时间90分钟)Reading ComprehensionPassage OneCelebrate. Celebrate. Physicians are delighted with a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory panel's recommendation earlierthis year that Vioxx and its cousins Bextra and Celebrex (all medicines known as Cox-2 inhibitors) should remain on the market, despite evidence they increase heart disease risk in some people. The panelists reached their decision after weighing all the data and concluding the benefits of these pain-relieving drugs outweighed the risks.Specifically, these scientists acknowledged that, for some patients, these prescription drugs were uniquely effective in reducing pain from arthritis and other causes. For others—concerned about ulcers associated with aspirin and other OTC analgesics—the Cox-2 inhibitors offered the advantage of minimizing potentially serious effects of stomach irritation.Now is an appropriate time for everyone to take a fresh look at the benefit-risk equation for Vioxx and the other Cox-2 inhibitors.The risks—increased risk of heart disease in some who use the drugs—have been well publicized. Much less publicity has been given to a spectrum of real and potential benefits that go way beyond reduced risk of stomach irritation. These little-discussed benefits would have been lost, perhaps permanently—had Vioxx, Bextra and Celebrex been driven from shelves in pursuit of perfect safety, an unattainable goal.For example, there is substantial evidence Cox-2 inhibitors can reduce development of colon polyps, which may become colon cancel indeed. Celebrex is FDA-approved for those genetically prone to colon cancer. Ironically, the 2004 study that revealed the elevated heart attack risk of Vioxx was primarily designed to further establish the drug's effectiveness in protecting against colon cancer. And while the results of that interrupted trial have not yet been published, there is good reason to believe they will confirm the protective effects against colon cancer established in research over the last 10 years.At the time of its withdrawal from the market last fall, studies of Vioxx as well as the other Cox-2 drugs suggested they had other anti-cancer properties as well, possibly reducing the risk of malignancies of a number of sites, including the lung and esophagus.Had these drugs been dismissed, their untapped promise forprevention would have evaporated well before it was evaluated and applied to save lives. Fortunately, cooler and wiser heads prevailed.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.The FDA advisory panel recommends that Cox-2 inhibitors should be ______.•** clinic test•** with great caution•** to treat heart problems** available to the patientsA B C D分值: 1.5答案:D题目问:美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)顾问小组建议Cox-2抑制剂应该怎样?第一段第一句Physicians are delighted with a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory panel's recommendation earlier this year that Vioxx and its cousins Bextra and Celebrex (all medicines known as Cox-2 inhibitors) should remain on the market, despite evidence they increase heart disease risk in some people.通过此句话可知,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)顾问小组建议,尽管有证据证明这些Cox-2抑制剂类的药物增加了某些人患心脏病的危险,但是仍然应该在市场上出售。
2012年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】2012年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解时间:180分钟Paper One注意:答案请做在答题卡上,做在试题上一律无效Part I Vocabulary and Structure(15%)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠwith a single line through the center 1.The concept of vocational or professional identity differs______between the United Sates and Japan.A.clearB.markedlyC.outstandinglyD.greedily【答案】B【解析】句意:美国和日本在职业或专业身份的概念定义上存在明显差异。
markedly明显地;显著地。
clear清楚的;明显的。
outstanding杰出的;突出的。
greedily贪婪地;贪食地。
此处需要的是具有“明显,显著”含义的副词。
2.Now that her son was old enough to support the family,Mr.Williams decided to leave everything at his______.A.handB.advocacyC.tacklingD.disposal【答案】D【解析】句意:既然她的儿子已长大到足以支撑整个家庭,威廉姆斯先生决定将所有事都交给他来处理。
博士研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及详解(2)Ⅰ. Vocabulary 10%Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that bestcompletes the sentence. Then put a ‘√’ in the corresponding place onthe Answer Sheet.1. How can personal income tax be levied to ______ as many as possible while at the same time ensuring State finances do not suffer too much?A. interestB. benefitC. profitD. concern【答案】B【解析】句意:怎样才能使个人所得税的征收使尽可能多的人受惠而同时又能确保国家的财政不会因此损失很多呢?benefit对…有好处,使得利益。
interest使有利害关系,使感兴趣。
profit有益于,有利于。
concern关系到,使担心。
2. To fund the ______ event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD).A. beneficentC. costlyD. luxurious【答案】C【解析】句意:为了为这项花费巨大的全国运动会提供基金并同时提升其市场价值,组织委员会创建了市场开发部。
湖北省考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionOf all the recommendations made by Tom Winsor in his review of police pay and recruitment this week, it was not the introduction of an academic qualification, nor the direct entry of senior officers, nor even a pay cut for new recruits that drew most violent anger. No, it was the proposal that all officers should have to take an annual fitness test, with the threat of three failures and you’re out. Anyone fortunate enough to encounter a police officer, or two, actually on the beat will be aware that some of them look more like a “before” advertisement for Weight Watchers than an “after” one—to the point where you wonder they could even think of giving chase, should the need arise. Bear in mind, too, that those in patrol cars or behind desks are unlikely to be much healthier. Indeed, the Winsor review found that more than half of male officers were overweight. So an annual fitness test seems reasonable enough. Not, however, to the Police Federation, which identified any number of reasons why such checks would be impracticable, unfair and generally undesirable. But no one is proposing that police be required to train to Olympic standards, just that they should be physically up to the job. It’s not the proposed checks that are worrying, but the fact that many officers need them.1.Which of the following is NOT included in Tom Winsor’s recommendations in his review of police pay and recruitment?A.Fitness requirements by Olympic standards.B.Introduction of an academic qualification.C.Direct entry of senior officers.D.A pay cut for new recruits.正确答案:A解析:在评论警察薪水和警察同盟招聘时,以下哪一条不包括在汤姆·温莎的建议之中?按奥林匹克运动标准的健康要求。
考博英语模拟试题Part I Cloze (0. 5 x 20 = 10%)Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.The most famous painter in Victoria's history is Emily Carr. When she was a child,she discovered that walking in the woods 1 more to her than playing with other children, and that she was more interested in 2 the streets of old Victoria than playing at home with 3 and spending her time making up.Emily was a cute little girl who spent 4 of her childhood in Beacon Hill Park 5 was very close to her home. Drawing 6 her, and she also liked to play with the pets. She had ducks and chickens, and even 7 a monkey. She was 8 interested in the First Nations people and the Chinese people she saw in Victoria's Chinatown. Their culture and way of dressing seemed so 9 from her own.As she became a young, strong and 10 woman, Emily began to go on long trips into the forests to11 and draw what she saw. She loved the free and simple 12 of the First Nations people. In the summer of 1895 she went on 13 with two other women to 14 the wilderness along the Cowichan River that runs through Duncan, 15 north of Victoria.She knew more about their lifestyle and the forests of B. C. than 16 other European woman.When you look at her paintings you can sense the 17 of these dark mysterious forests. Her paintings are now very famous and, 18 the dark colors may not be attractive to some people, they19 the beauty and mystery of the deep woods and the skill of a great artist. Emily was a very brave and independent woman. She walked through the woods alone, even though she knew that bears and wolves might be her only 201. A. attracted B. appealed C. allured D. induced2. A. dashing B. strolling C. jogging D. roaming3. A. friends B. mates C. dolls D. parents4. A. much B. lots C. more D. many5. A. where B. which C. since D. it6. A. fascinated B. bewildered C. captured D. indulged7. A. fed B. domesticated C. trained D. confined8. A.particularly B.almost C. constantly D. intrinsically9. A. diverse B.various C. distinct D.outstanding10. A. special B. independent C. lonely D. unaided11. A. paint B. record C. describe D. take12. A. society B. work C. lifestyle D. pace13. A. an adventure B. an exploitation C. a tour D. an expedition14. A. check B. explore C. examine D. search15. A. only B. just C. much D. in16. A. any B. some C. certain D. none17. A. mood B. tone C. taste D. atmosphereI8. A. if B. otherwise C. though D. but19. A. evoke B. arouse C. remind D. raise20. A.enemies B. foods C. companions D. friendsⅡ. Reading comprehension (20 x 2 = 40% )Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions, you are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Passage OneFast food, a mainstay of American eating for decades, may have reached a plateau in the United States as the maturing baby-boom generation looks for a more varied menu. Fast food still represents a $ 102 billion a year industry, but growth has turned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new things and spend more, analysts say. Signs of trouble in fast food include price-cutting by industry leaders, including efforts by McDonald's to attract customers with a 55 cent hamburger, and major players pulling out or selling. O'Pepsico, for example, is selling its fast-food restaurant division that includes Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC."It's becoming harder and harder for these firms to grow," said Jim Brown, a professor of marketing at Virginia Tech University. "I think in the United States fast food has reached a saturation (饱和) point because of the number of competitors and the number of outlets."Fast-food restaurant revenues grew 2. 5 percent in 1996 according to industry figures, the slowest since the recession of 1991. That is for cry from (大不相同于) the levels of the 1970s and 1980s. According to the Food Marketing Institute, consumers are using supermarkets for 21 percent of take-home food, nearly double the level of a year ago. While fast-food restaurants still lead, their share slipped significantly, from 48 percent in 1996 to 41 percent in 1997."Consumers have never been more demanding than they are today," said Michael Sansolo, senior vice president of the Supermarket Trade Group. "They are pressed for time. Money is still an issue.-, but their tastes are increasingly diverse -- whether it's gourmet foods, ethnic foods or organic offerings."Meanwhile, the aging of the baby-boom population -- and the growth in the number of so-called "empty nesters" with grown children -- has meant a surge in the number of people willing to spend more for upscale items. This generation "will have the luxury of being more discriminating" as their children leave home, notes Harry Balzer, vice president of the Chicago-based NPD consulting group. Balzer said some 18 million baby boomers will become empty-nesters in the next 10 years, leaving them with more disposable income to spend on dining out. "Fast and cheap will still be driving factors.., but our definitions of fast and cheap may be changing."Various reports suggest industry leader McDonald's is struggling, losing market share, with lower same-store sales while cutting back the number of new outlets in the United States, partly due to pressure from franchisers who don't want to be squeezed. The company replaced the head of its 12,000 US restaurant chain last October amid a slump in US market share.21. What does the passage mainly tell about?A. Fast food disappoints consumers.B. People prefer less expensive food.C. McDonald's dominates the market of fast food.D. Fast food is losing its attraction.22. What can we learn from the passage?A. O'Pepsico goes bankrupt.B. The number of supermarkets doubles.C. Jim Brown takes a negative attitude towards the development of fast food.D. McDonald's survives from the competition with retail food stores.23. What is NOT true about baby-boom generation?A. They seek a variety of food.B. They have come of age.C. They will spend more money on food.D. They tend to have luxurious food.24. Which of the following is not mentioned as an influence on people's choices of food?A. Speed and price of the food.B. Diversity of the food.C. Tastes of the consumers.D. Age of the consumers.25. What brings trouble to fast food industry?A. Customers' demand and competition with retailers.B. The aging baby-boomer and diversity of food.C. Competition with retailers and diversity of food.D. Customers' demand and the aging of baby-boomer.Passage TwoParents of wailing (哀号) babies, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents' legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies know how to get their parents' attention. Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question many biologists are trying to answer.Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. "It may point researchers in the right direction to find the cause of excessive crying," said Joseph Soltis, a bioacoustics expert at Disney's Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista. Florida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, and studies with mice, beetles and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on genes. Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more attention.Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruinous. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements. Some biologists have speculated that these honest advertisements may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment. The babies of monkeys cry out to their mothers and tend to cry even more around the time their mothers wean (断奶) them. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies' distress calls, since most turn out to be false alarms."Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries," said Dario Maestripieri, a primatologist at the University of Chicago. "But as the cries increase, they respond less and less. They become more skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses."Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent more than a decade observing chimpanzee babies. "Chimps can cry for a long time if something terrible is happening to them, but when you pick them up, they stop," Bard said. "I've never seen anychimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable."Maestripieri and other researchers say these evolutionary forces may have also shaped the cries of human babies. "All primate infants cry." Maestripieri said. "It'sa very conserved behavior. It's not something humans have evolved on their own."26. What can be the most probable title of this passage?A. Parents Bothered by Babies' CryB. Infants Crying for Parents' AttentionC. Clues from Animals on Why Babies CryD. False Cry27. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A. Scientists discovered why animal infants cry.B. The difference in the amount of children's cry is somewhat due to genes.C. Babies have a violent reaction to the mother's ignorance.D. Chimpanzees' annoyance can hardly be alleviated.28. What is implied in Paragraph 4?A. Children with truthful cry may eventually draw their mothers' attention.B. Noisy infants are preferred by their mothers for their health and strength.C. Mothers would rather nurse the obedient babies.D. Mothers tend to ignore the deceitful cry.29. How do the parents respond to babies' cry?A. They come to doubt it.B. They take it seriously.C. They are indifferent to it.D. They are weary of it.30. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as the reason for babies' cry?A. Discomfort.B. Hungry.C. Consolation.D. Thirsty.Passage ThreeWhenever I hear a weather report declaring it's the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I can't take it too seriously, because "ever" really means "as long as the records go back", which is only as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that, though -- not for individual dates, but they can ten the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks incorals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds of years ago compared with today.And in the most comprehensive compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than any comparable period in the last 400 years. That's a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperatures -- a frequent assertion of the global -- warming-doubters crowd.The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann, of the University of Virginia (he's the creator of the "hockey stick" graph A1 Gore used in "An Inconvenient Truth" to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent warming was unprecedented in the past thousand years -- that led Congress to order up an assessment by the prestigious Research Council. Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data. But the past 400 was -- so resoundingly that it fully supports the claim that today's temperatures ale unnaturally warm, just as global warming theory has been predicting for a hundred years. And if there's any doubt about whether these proxy measurements are really legitimate, the NRC scientists comparedthem with actual temperature data from the most recent century, when real thermometers were in widespread use. The match was more or less right on.In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global warming on the cover, then, the argument against it has gone from "it isn't happening" to "it's happening, but it's natural", to "it's mostly natural" --\and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away. Indeed. Rep. Sherwood Boehert, the New York Republican who chairs the House Science Committee and who asked for the report declared that it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming science -- a controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive. Whether President Bush will finally take serious action to deal with the warming, however,is a much less settled question.31. What does this passage mainly deal with?A. The tendency of earth's becoming hotter.B. The assessment of earth's temperature.C. The menace of global warming.D.The measurement of tackling global warming.32. What is "proxy measurement" in Paragraph 1 likely to refer to?A. Studying the characteristics of glaciers.B. Measuring the growth signs of aquatic organism.C. Taking advantage of previous pictures.D. Using clues left from the past.33. What does the report from NRC indicate?A. The earth will become warmer.B. It is somewhat suspicious of Michael Mann's assertion.C. The earth reaches the highest temperature in the history.D. The proxy measurements are reliable.34. Which statement is NOT true concerning the controversy about global warming?A. The new report from NRC is motivated by the controversy over Michael Mann's claim.B. Those who doubt global warming consider that warming is a natural phenomenon.C. Those suspicious of global warming take an inconsistent stance on the issue.D. The argument ends in the defeat of global-warming-doubters.35. What is the author's attitude towards global warming theory?A. Negative.B. Indifferent.C. Favorable.D. Neutral.Passage FourA proposed Russian ban on European Union meat exports could jeopardize Russia's aspirations to join the World Trade Organization next year, the EU trade commissioner, Peter Mandelson, warned Friday. He warned that several of the 25 EU member states were growing weary of Russia's trade tactics and could move to block its WTO bid.He emphasized that the European Union supported Russia's WTO accession in principle and that he did not want to link the Russian meat ban to Russia's WTO prospects ,though EU states could do so. in order to join the organization,Russia must reach agreement with each of the 149 WTO members."Issues like this will affect the attitude of member states toward signing off on accession," Mandelson said. "This is not the only trade irritant between us and Russia -- there are at least half a dozen -- and this latest ban is bound to affect the attitude of member states," toward Russia's aim of joining the WTO. "We can't have so many of these trade irritants hanging over us."Mandelson said he would work to get Russia to back off from its current plans to ban all EUanimal products as of Jan. 1, which would affect C = $ 1.7 billion, or $ 2. 2 billion, in exports to RussiaMoscow has justified the ban on the grounds that Bulgaria and Romania, which will join the European Union on that day, do not have adequate food safety measures. But Mandelson warned that if Moscow refused to back down, it could sour overall trade relations with the European Union, which is already concerned about fair access to Moscow's energy resources. "Russia is acting in a disproportionate way," he said.President Vladimir Putin has made WTO membership one of his key economic objectives. He is keen to improve access to world markets for Russian exports and to provide a lift to the country's neglected aghculrural sector. European resistance would add to reservations by trade negotiators in Washington who want Russia to make more progress on reducing tariffs on U. S. meat imports and protecting intellectual property before joining the world trade body.Trade disputes cast a shadow over the summit meeting, which was supposed to mark the start of talks on a partnership agreement between the European Union and Russia covering energy, trade and human rights. But Poland -- in a separate dispute with Moscow over a Russian ban on Polish farm exports -- used its veto to stop the talks on Friday.Putin defended the Russian ban after earlier complaining that the European Commission had failed to consult him before agreeing to admit Bulgaria and Romania, whose food safety practices he called into question.EU officials said privately that Putin's stance suggested he was suffering from a Cold War hangover because the former Soviet satellites will soon become EU members.36. What is the theme of this passage?A. Russia conflicts with EU members in meat trade.B. Russia may risk WTO entry with EU meat ban.C. Russia prepares to enter WTO.D. Russia complains about food security of Bulgaria and Romania.37. Which statement is NOT true about EU?A. EU has not signed partnership agreement with Russia.B. EU is disappointed with at Russia's trade strategy.C. EU wants Russia to cut down on tariffs on its meat imports.D. EU may connect the trade conflict with Russia's entry into WTO.38. Which word has the similar meaning to "imtant" in Paragraph 3?A. disagreementB. misunderstandingC. annoyanceD.interference39. What can be implied from the last paragraph?A. Russia will soon suffer from isolation.B. Russia will soon lose its satellites.C. Former Soviet satellites resist Russia's entering WTO.D. Some EU officials understand Russia's position.40. What is the author's attitude towards Russia?A. Suggestive.B. Prejudicial.C. Sympathetic.D. Objective.Part UI Translation (30%)Section A : From Chinese into English (15%)每个人心中都该有个志向,否则他的经历就会被浪费掉。
Passage2交通法则与交通事故From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age.We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous disease.A large number of once fatal illness can now be found for the most stubborn remaining disease.The expectation of life has increased enormously.But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before,every day we witness the incredible slaughter of them,women and children on the roads.Man versus the motor-car!It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel,his car becomes the extension of his personality.There is no doubt that the motorcar often brings out a man’s very worst qualities.People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind steering wheel.They swear they are ill mannered and aggressive willful as two-year-olds and uttering selfish.All their hidden frustrations,disappointments and jealousies seem to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his convenience.Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic;towns are made ugly by huge car parks;the countryside is desecrated by road networks;and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic,to be conveniently forgotten.It is high timea world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life.With regard to driving,the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough.A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate.Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done.The driving test should be standardized and made for more difficult than it is;all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so;the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least21;all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety.Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability.Present drinking and driving laws(where they exist)should be made much stricter.Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers,as has been done in the USA.All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.These measures may sound inordinately harsh.But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all,the world is for human beings not for motorcars.1.The main idea of this passage is______.A.traffic accidents are mainly caused by motoristsB.thousands of people the world over are killed each yearC.the laws of some countries about driving are too laxD.only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.2.What does the author think of society toward motorists?A.Society criticizes the motorists severely.B.Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.C.Society overlooks their rude driving.D.Victims of accidents are nothing.3.Why does the author say:“his car becomes the extension of his personality”?A.Driving can show his real self.B.Driving can show the other part of his personality.C.Driving can bring out his character.D.His car embodies his temper.4.Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?A.Build more highwaysB.Stricter driving testsC.Test drivers every three yearsD.Raise age limit and lay down safety specifications5.The attitude of the author is______.A.ironicalB.criticalC.appealingitant【答案与解析】1.D作者要表达的中心意思是:只有严格的交通法则才能防止交通事故的发生。
医学博士外语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PartⅢCloze 6. PartⅣReading Comprehension 7. PartⅤWritingSection A听力原文:M: Hi, Charlie, my doctor told me I needed to go for some expensive treatment for my injured ankle. W: Are you sure, Mary? Maybe you need a second opinion. Q: What does Charlie suggest Mary do?1.A.Change her diet.B.Take a different kind of medicine.C.Ask another doctor about the problem.D.Do special ankle exercises.正确答案:C解析:查理建议玛丽再想想。
听力原文:M: I’ m terribly sorry that my wife was so rude to you, Mrs. Brown. Usually she is quite polite, but our son has been very sick recently and she’ s rather upset. W: It doesn’t matter. I have children of my own so I understand how she feels.Q: Why is the man apologizing?2.A.Because his wife was upset.B.Because his wife was rude.C.Because his son was ill.D.Because Mr. Brown’ s son was ill.正确答案:B解析:男子道歉的原因是其妻子对Mrs.Brown无礼,故B项正确。
考博英语模拟试题Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points) (略)Part II Reading Comprehension (40 % )Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on thebest choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Eight times within the past million years, something in the Earth's climatic equation has changed, allowing snow in the mountains and the northern latitudes to accumulate from one season to the next instead ofmelting away. Each time, the enormous ice sheets resulting from this continual buildup lasted tens of thousands of years until the end of each particular glacial cycle brought a warmer climate. Scientists speculatedthat these glacial cycles were ultimately driven by astronomical factor: slow, cyclic changes in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit and in the tilt and orientation of its spin axis. But up until around 30 years ago, the lackof an independent record of ice-age timing made the hypothesis untreatable.Then in the early 1950's Emirian produced the first complete record of the waxwings and awnings of firstglaciations. It came from a seemingly odd place, the seafloor. Single-cell marine organisms called "foraminifera'' house themselves in shells made from calcium carbonate. When the foraminifera die, sink to the bottom, and become part of seafloor sediments, the carbonate of their shells preserves certain characteristics ofthe seawater they inhabited. In particular, the ratio of a heavy isotope of oxygen (oxygen- 18) to ordinaryoxygen (oxygen - 16) in the carbonate preserves the ratio of the two oxygen’s in water molecules.It is now understood that the ratio of oxygen isotopes reflects the proportion of the world's water lockedup in glaciers and ice sheets. A kind of meteorological distillation accounts for the link. Water molecules containing the heavier isotope tend to condense and fall as precipitation slightly sooner than molecules containingthe lighter isotope. Hence, as water vapor evaporated from warm oceans moves away from its source, its oxygen - 18 returns more quickly to the oceans than does its oxygen - 16. What falls as snow on distant icesheets and mountain glaciers is relatively depleted of oxygen -18. As the oxygen -18 -poor ice builds up,the oceans become relatively enriched in the isotope. The larger the ice sheets grow, the higher the proportionof oxygen - 18 becomes in seawater -- and hence in the sedimentsAnalyzing cores drilled from seafloor sediments, Mililani found that the isotopic ratio rose and fell inrough accord with the Earth's astronomical cycles. Since that pioneering observation, oxygen isotope measurements have been made on hundreds of cores. The combined record enables scientists to show that the record contains the very periodicities as the orbital processes. Over the past 800, 000 years, the global ice volume peaked every 100,000 years, matching the period of the orbital eccentricity variation. In addition,"wrinkles" superposed on each cycle -- small decreases or surges in ice volume -- have come at intervals ofroughly 23, 000 and 41,000 years, in keeping with the precession and tilt frequencies of the Earth's spinaxis.16. In opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________A. unfolding a phenomenon.B. posing a contrast.C. refuting a speculation.D. testifying a hypothesis.17. The expression "waxings and wanings" (Paragraph 2) most probably means ________A. regularities and eccentricities.B. vaporizations and sediments.C. variants and constants.D. maximizations an minimizations.18. As pointed out in the text, the ratio of oxygen - 18 to oxygen - 16 in seafloor sediments and that of these isotopes locked in glaciers and ice-sheets are________A. irrelevant.B. correlated.C. corresponding.D. identical.19. Single-cell marine organisms referred to as "foraminifera" as mentioned in the text might serve as_________A. a proof against the existence of oxygen.B. a testimony to sediment formation processes.C. a valid record justifying glacial periodic cycles.D. an indicator of the ratio of the two oxygen’s.20. What can we safely infer from the text?A. Many a phenomenon might be caused by astronomical factors.B. Any hypothesis should be abandoned unless supported by solid records.C. Glaciers are the records keeping Earth's astronomical cycles.D. Oxygen isotopes are evenly distributed throughout the earth surface.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:If you smoke and you still don't believe that there's a definite between smoking and bronchial troubles,heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This needn't make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, thegovernments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governmentshave taken timid measures. In Britain, for example, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. Theconscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerousdeath.You don't have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been solukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. It's almost like a tax onour daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for itsentire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivably, be harmful, it doesn't do to shout too loudly about it.This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vastsums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent oncancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In thelong run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.Of course, we are not ready for such drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestlyconcerned about the welfare of their peoples, you'd think they'd conduct aggressive antismoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertisingis as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early inthe morning. That would never do. The advertisements always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. Theysuggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life,with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!For a start, governments, could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should thenconduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places liketheatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the direconsequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning -- say, a picture of a death's head -- should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.21. The best title of the text may be _______A. give up the habit of smoking immediately.B. word governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking.C. go on with anti-smoking lobby vigorously.D. world governments should allocate more funds on cancer researches.22. As pointed out in the text, governments are reluctant to exercise total ban on cigarette and tobacco advertising _____A. in the interests of financial rewards.B. for the sake of the public's welfare.C. without regard to tax collections.D. in anticipation of smokerslobbying.23. The word "hypocrisy" ( Paragraph 2) denotes ______A. dishonesty.B. predicament.C. indecision.D. intimidation.24. It can be concluded that anti-smoking campaigns should be conducted_______A. insidiously and discreetly.B. vividly and attractively.C. aggressively and drastically.D. disinterestedly and bravely.25. The author is most critical of________A. anti-smoking lobbyists.B. tobacco advertisers.C. world governments.D. tax collectors.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:It is the staff of dreams and nightmares. Where Tony Blair's attempts to make Britain love the Euro havefallen on deaf ears, its incarnation as notes and coins will succeed. These will be used not just in the Euro area but in Britain. As the British become accustomed to the Euro as a cash currency, they will warm to itpaving the way for a yes note in a referendum.The idea of Euro creep appeals to both sides of the Euro argument. According to the pros, as Britons become familiar with the Euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those in favor are bound towin. According to the antis, as Britons become familiar with the Euro, membership will start to look inevitable, so those opposed must mobilize for the fight.Dream or nightmare, Euro creep envisages the single currency worming its way first into the British economy and then into the affections of voters. British tourists will come back from their European holidaysladen with Euros, which they will spend not just at airports but in high street shops. So, too, will foreignvisitors. As the Earn becomes a parallel currency, those who make up the current two-o-one majority willchange their minds. From there, it will be a short step to decide to dispense with the pound.Nell Kinnock, a European commissioner and former leader of the Labor Party, predicts that the Eurowill soon become Britain's second currency. Hans Eichel, the German finance minister, also says that it willbecome a parallel currency in countries like Switzerland and Britain. Peter Hain, the European minister whois acting as a cheerleader for membership, says the Euro will become "a practical day-to-day reality and thatwill enable people to make a sensible decisionabout it". As many as a third of Britain's biggest retailers,such as Marks and Spencer, have said they will take Euros in some of their shops. BP has also announcedthat it will accept Euros at some of its garages.But there is less to this than meet the eye. British tourists can now withdraw money from cash point fromEuropean holiday destinations, so they are less likely than in the past to end up with excess foreign money. Even if they do, they generally get rid of it at the end of their holidays, says David Southwell, a spokesman for the British Retail Consortium (BRC).26. According to the writer, once the British get used to the Euro,__A. there will be no obstacle for it to be a currency in Britain.B. it will take the place of pound in whatever aspects in Britain.C. the British will accept it as a cash currency gradually.D. it will become a symbol of reunification for European countries.27. The writer seems_________A. to be over-enthusiastic about the success of the Euro.B. to launch a vigorous campaign against the Euro creep.C. to hold a hostile attitude towards Euro expansions.D. to take a matter-of-face attitude towards the issue.28. The word "cheerleader" ( Paragraph 4) can best be replaced by ________A. "voter".B. "advocator".C. "critic".D. "prophet".29. What does the writer intends to illustrate with Marks and Spencer.9A. A kind of professional service.B. Objections to the Euro creep.C. A type of subjective brand loyalty.D. Expansions of the Euro in Britain.30. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. The Prospect of the Euro in Britain.B. A New Currency under Attack.C. The Popularity of the Euro in Britain.D. A Theme of Dreams and Nightmares. Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struckby the appearance of the women taking part. Their hairstyles and make-up look dated; their skirts look eithertoo long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film,on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the years, the great majority of men have successfullyresisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each yeara few so-called top designers' in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over msh toobey. The doctrines of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitraryfashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out,, Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because theyshudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually blackmailed by the designers and the big stores, Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standingin front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander vastsums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Woman who cannot afford to discardclothing in this way waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hemlines are taken up or letdown; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested inoutward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at thesight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deepsnow in dainty shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Dothe constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness andinstability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging stylesof dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.31. In the opening paragraph, the writer introduced his topic by________A. introducing an illusion.B. making a comparison.C. depicting a vivid scene.D. posing a sharp contrast.32. In the eyes of the author, the dictates of fashion probably means a sort of design characterized by ________A. obsolescence and sensibility.B. uniqueness and stability.C. creativity and hypocrisy.D. inconstancy and irrationality.33. The word "blackmailed" most probably means ________A. "taken advantage of"B. "given thought to".C. "taken into account".D. "born in mind".34. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the _______ of clothing.A. suitabilityB. comfortC. appearanceD. fabric35. It can be inferred from the passage that women should________A. see through the very nature of fashion myths.B. boycott the products of the fashion industry.C. avoid following fashion doctrines too closely.D. blame designers for their waste of money.Part III Vocabulary (10 % )Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlinedword. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.36. The recovery and ________ of the country' s economy has also been accompanied by increasing demands for high quality industrial sites in 'attractive locations.A. renewalB. revivalC. recessionD. relief37. In fact tho purchasing power of a single person's pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the ______ Singapore pension.A. equivalentB. similarC. consistentD. identical38. It seems a reasonable rule of thumb that any genuine offer of help and support from people or organizations will be accompanied by a name and address, and a willingness to be ______ as to their motive inmaking contact.A. seen throughB. checked outC. touched onD. accounted to39. According to BBC boxing reporter Mike Costello ,just as there is worldwide _______ with boxing, so thereis worldwide opposition.A. passionB. attractionC. emotionD. fascination40. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar intheir _______ aspects.A. potentialB. socialC. essentialD. partial41. ________ any advice which you can get from the interviewer and follow up suggestions for improving yourpresentation and qualifications.A. Take the most ofB. Keep the most ofC. Have the most ofD. Make the most of42. There is a loss of self-confidence, a sense of personal failure, great anger and a feeling of being utterly_______A. let aloneB. let outC. let downD. let on43. Japan remains tied to the Western camp partly because the relationship has become __ to her economy and politics over forty years' association.A. integralB. unilateralC. rationalD. hierarchical44. With most online recruitment services,jobseekers must choose their words 'carefully;________ the searchengine will never make the correct match.A. thereforeB. whereasC. providedD. otherwise45. The child should always ______ the same basic procedure:seeing the whole word-heating and pronouncing-writing from memory.A. go throughB. take overC. respond toD. carry off46. That MGM Grand Youth Center is open to children 3 - 12 years old _______ what hotel they are stayingin.A. regardless inB. regardless ofC. regardless onD. regardless from47. Ever since Geoffrey sent a sizeable cheque to a well-known charity he's been _______ with requests formoney from all sides.A. devastatedB. smashedC. bombardedD. cracked48. Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, feel sure that I have no _________ but toreport him to the local police.A. timeB. chanceC. authorityD. alternative49. Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to regret.A. teem withB. brim withC. come withD. look with50. They are always ready to heavy responsibilities.A. take inB. take onC. put onD. put in51. There is only one difference between an old man and a young onethe young one has a glorious futurebefore him and the old one has a ________ future behind him.A. splendidB. conspicuousC. uproariousD. imminent52. That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only______necessity.A. within reach ofB. for fear ofC. by means ofD. in case of53. A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand or express the emotion that it ______ in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.A. reflectsB. retainsC. rousesD. radiates54. _______ the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8 - 10 minutes or until most of the waterhas evaporated.A. Turn offB. Turn overC. Turn downD. Turn up55. Banks shall be unable to _______,or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt leftwith them.A. write offB. put asideC. shrink fromD. come overPart IV Cloze (10 % )Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet.Every second, 56 hectare of the world's rainforest is destroyed. That's one to two football fields.This 57 rate of destruction has serious consequences 58 the environment. Scientists estimate,forexample, that 137 59 of plant, insect or animal become 60 every day due to logging. In British Columbia, 61 , since 1990,thirteen rainforest valleys have been clear cut, 142 species of salmon have alreadybecome extinct, and the 62 of grizzly bears, wolves and many other creatures are threatened. Logging, 63 , provides jobs, profits, taxes for the government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so thegovernment is 64 to restrict or control it. Much of Canada's forestry production 65 making pulp andpaper. According to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Canada 66 34% of the world's wood pulpand 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be 67 . Recently, a possible 68 way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists:a plant called hemp. Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands ofyears. It produces fore which can be 69 paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For many centuries, itwas essential to the economies of many countries 70 it was used to make the ropes and cables used onsailing ships;colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading 71 would not have beenpossible 72 hemp. Nowadays, ships' cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibres, but scientistsare now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be 73 for the production of paper and pulp. Accordingto its proponents, four-times as 74 paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, andmany environmentalists believe that the 75 scale cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure onCanada's forests.56. A. matching B. equivalent C. mounting D. reaching57. A. great B. wonderful C. imaginary D. alarming58. A. for B. on C. at D. to59. A. types B. categories C. species D. classes60. A. extinct B. distinct C. dead D. exhausted61. A. when B. who C. where D. which62. A. territory B. land C. habitat D. inhabitant63. A. however B. furthermore C. otherwise D. instead64. A. willing B. likely C. reluctant D. intended65. A. goes up B. goes towards C. goes into D. goes at66. A. supplies B. offers C. presents D. provides67. A. maintained B. sustained C. preserved D. held68. A. optional B. potential C. promising D. alternative69. A. made into B. made for C. made up D. made of70. A. since B. because C. as D. while71. A. link B. exchange C. network D. site72. A. except B. without C. with D. besides73. A. resumed B. renewed C. refreshed D. revived74. A. much B. many C. few D. more75. A. great B. large C. immense D. massivePart V Translation from English into ChineseDirections:Translate the following passage into Chinese, and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET.What, then, does Drucker suggest are the new knowledge-based industries on which economic growthwill depend? He discusses three categories of such industries. The first of these is the information industry. This industry collects, stores, spreads, and applies knowledge. It depends on the computer. In the future,however, the computer itself will probably become less important than communicating and applying knowledge. Dmcker foresees a central computer that will make information available to everyone. Another sourceof new industries is the science of the oceans. New technologies may help to supply food and minerals fromthe seas. A third new source of economic growth is the materials industry. This industry provides the materialsfor making objects. One such industry that has already become economically important is the plastic industry. Dmcker explains that throughout history our traditional materials have been metals, glass, natural fibers,and paper. Today, with the help of modem science, industries can make many new materials to meet specificneeds. Because they will be created to fit a certain product, they will be highly efficient. Consequently, hepoints out, industries that supply traditional materials such as steel or glass Will have trouble competing withthose that produce these new materials.Part VI Writing( 15 % )Directions:A. Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.B. Your essay should meet the requirements below:( 1 ) describe the picture and interpret its meaning.(2) point out the problem and give your comments.C. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)参考答案与解析16.A 题干问:“在文章开头作者通过什么方式引入话题?”正确选项为A“揭示一种自然现象”。
南京大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1.As we know, blood types A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B.Type O can give to any other group; hence it is often called the______donor.A.commonB.universalC.generalD.popular正确答案:B解析:固定用法。
根据常识O型血的人是“万能献血者”,固定表达为universal donor。
故答案为B。
2.His total worldly possessions______little more than the clothes he stood up in.A.amounted toB.turned upC.settled forD.came at正确答案:A解析:动词词组辨析。
amount to“数量上达到,意义上等于”;turn up“到达,来到”;settle for“勉强接受,同意”;come at“扑向,冲向”。
根据句意,他所有的财产“就是”他身上穿的衣服。
故答案为A。
3.This course focuses on the ______ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprise behavior.A.introductionB.combinationC.applicationD.conception正确答案:C解析:名词词义辨析。
考博英语模拟试题及详解(二)Part I Vocabulary (10 points)Section ADirections:There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or phrase from the four choices given to best complete each sentence. Mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.1. It has long been known that total sleep ________ is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal.A. depositionB. destructionC. deprivationD. reduction2. When a child has become ________to life in a city, he may feel quite at a loss in any other environment.A. addictedB. confrontedC. conditionedD. delimited3. He forgave his wife although she had once had a ________affair with a poet.A. ruthlessB. transientC. evilD. remarkable4. Melting snow ________ the regular spring floods in the valley.A. lends itself toB. works outC. throws light onD. accounts for5. Decisions could be made on the basis of price, delivery dates, after-sales service or any other.A. variableB. varianceC. variantD. variation6. I was ________ in the middle of my call because I had no more pennies to put inthe box.A. broken inB. cut offC. hung upD. cut down7. His writing is so ________, obscure, and overwrought that it is difficult to make out what he is trying to say.A. dubiousB. diffuseC. indifferentD. accurate8. Deforestation is ________ one of the most serious environmental issues of our time.A. explanatorilyB. doubtfullyC. compatiblyD. arguably9. The speculation,________ by some suggestive evidence, came from an American scientist.A. summed upB. backed upC. added upD. put up10. Duke Ellington’s ________ orchestration techniques made him perhaps the most remarkable artist that jazz has produced.A. cleverB. melodiousC. intricateD. lyricalSection BDirections: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET11. Financial consultants acknowledge that the value of common stock is inherently changeable.A. relativelyB. intrinsicallyC. sporadicallyD. incrementally12. The flower bud of a water lily opens at sunset since its opening is triggered bythe decreased light.A. alleviatedB. enduredC. set offD. covered up13. Modern printing equipment quickly turns out duplicate copies of textual and pictorial matter.A. identicalB. excessiveC. illustratedD. legible14. It is now common for physically disabled individuals to receive the bulk of theireducation in regular school programs.A. majorityB. assignmentsC. restD. texts15. Factors leading to the crises included poor regulation mismanagement anddeception in the industry, and competition from other types of financial firms.A. pollutionB. deceitC. abuseD. depression16. The large red ants can dig as deep as ten feet to establish nests and retrieve soilfor their mounds.A. store upB. throw outC. bring backD. pile up17. Within the bounds of given data, the biographer seeks to illuminate factualinformation about a person and transform it into insight.A. concentrationB. networksC. goalsD. constraints18. She said it did not help for foreign leaders to badger the United States into action.A. botherB. urgeC. rushD. hinder19. Whether the giant panda belonged to the bear of raccoon families was a matterof zoological contention for years.A. controversyB. confusion C enterprise D. scrutiny20. For companies, the threat of drive-by hacking seems set to grow as softwareprograms assisting hackers proliferate on the Internet.A. obliterateB. multiplyC. stackD. precipitatePart II Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect. (10 points) 21. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, would lose all practicalA B Cvalue by the time they were finished.D22. The ballad is characterized by informal diction, by a narrative largely dependent on action andA B dialogue, by thematic intense, and by stress on repetition.C D23. The manufacture of automobile was extremely expensive until assembly-line techniques madeA B C D them cheaper to produce.24. Sleep is controlled by the brain and associated by characteristic breathingrhythms.A B C D25. Having finished high school, the village education board appointed him to a teaching post inA B C D the primary school.26. She can hardly avoid making grammatical mistakes in her composition how hard she tries.A B C D27. Have you read in the Columbia Spectator that Jiff’s leg was broken while playing football?A B C D28. That night, tired though was he, the Union Officer went out again to look for help.A B C D29. When imaginable scientists first suggested the possibility that one person could speak directlyA B Cto another over a long distance, few people took them seriously.D30. The economical difficulties of the country will not diminish unless inexpensive fertilizer canA B Cbe widely distributed.DPart III Cloze (10 points)Small business owners must accept the burdens of entrepreneurship. Being in business for yourself requires your full attention. You seldom leave the office or shop at 5 p.m. 31 do you leave job problems there. They follow you home as business homework. This 32 less time for your personal life.The 33 you sought can put you on the spot. You don’t report to a boss. But you do 34 as hard as possible to serve your customers. They are you “35 “. You also have to compete with creditors, employees, suppliers, and tax collectors. In other words, you are never really 36 . Small firms can seldom afford to 37 enough employees so that each can specialize. You may have to prepare ads, 38 records, make sales calls, and collect bad debts.You must be able to “wear many hats”. 39 all these tasks takes up lots of time. But you cannot 40 long-range planning. You have to set goals and develop plans in meet them. Given too 41 time to management, your business will fall.The major cause of business 42 is poor management. Of every three business that start, two fail. 43 half fail in the first five years. A person with limited talents may be able to hold a job in a large firm 44 others will pick up the slack. When you are in business 45 yourself, there is no one to “carry。