全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试样题及答案

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试各专业类别及各等级样题及答案第1部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题l分,共1 5分）下面共有l5个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语.答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

l There are a limited number of books on this subject in the library.A largeB totalC smallD similar2 How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?A explainB examineC chooseD expand3 They had a far better yield than any other farm miles around this year。

A goodsB soilC climateD harvest4 The town is famous for its magnificent church towers.A ancientB oldC modernD splendid5 Have you got a spare pen?A a shortB an extraC a thinD a long6 What were the consequences of the decision she had made？A reasonsB resultsC causesD bases7 They didn't realize how serious the problem was。

A knowB forgetC doubtD remember8 We shall keep the money in a secure place。

职称英语等级考试（综合类C级）真题附答案和解析（2）第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇 How to Be a Successful BusinesspersonHave you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not?Here’s a story about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes and todayhe owns 168 restaurants.Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be anairplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, he learned to fly a small plane.At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States.He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working for acompany that rented cars.While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental(租赁的)company, he frequently ate at a nearbyKFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months, heworked as a cook’s assistant. His job was to c lean the kitchen and help the cook. “I didn’t likeit,” Mr. Kazi says, “but I always did the best I could.”One day, Mr. Kazi’s two coworkers failed to come to work. That day, Mr. Kazi did the work of allthree people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant. A few monthslater, the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. Heworked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit.A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that waslosing money. The restaurant wasdirty inside and the food was terrible. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought therestaurant. For the first six months, Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeled the front of thebuilding, and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. If someonehad to wait more than ten minutes for their food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before longthe restaurant was making a profit.A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money he eared, he bought threemore restaurants that were losing money. Again, he cleaned them up, improved the food, andretrained the employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit, too.Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants, but he isn’t planning to stop there. He’s looking for morepoorly managed restaurants to buy, “I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it’s amess,” Mr. Kazi says. “The only way it can go is up.”31.When Mr. Kazi was young, his dream was toA.be an airplane pilot.B.sell cars.C.own a restaurant.D.become a good cook.32.Mr. Kazi decided to work with KFC toA.learn how to cook.B.save money for a car.C.save money on food.D.learn how to run a restaurant.33.Mr. Kazi became the manager of a new restaurant becauseA.he worked very hard.B.his co-workers praised him.C.he was a good cook.D.he knew how to run a restaurant.34.To save a failing restaurant, Mr. Kazi did all the following things, EXCEPT toA.advertise for it.B.clean it up.C.improve the food.D.retrain the employees.35.In the last paragraph, “it’s a mess” meansA.it’s small.B.it’s profitable.C.it’s dirty.D.it’s cheap.第二篇：Three Ways to Become More CreativeMo st people believe they don’t have much imagination. They are wrong. Everyone hasimagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to access it. Creativity isn’talways connected with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free timeroutinely think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a trickyquestion to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to helpyou.This technique involves taking unrelated ideas and trying to find links between them. First,think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image,word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the ideas/words associated withcandles: light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The nextstage is to relate the ideas to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy afriend anoriginal present; you could buy him tickets to a match or take him out for the night.Imagine that normal limitatio ns don’t exist. You have as much time/space/money, etc. as youwant. Think about your goal and the new possibilities. If, for example, your goal is to learn toski(滑雪), you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time andthe money). Now adapt this to reality. Maybe you can practice skiing every day in December, orevery Monday in January.Look at the situation from a different point of view. Good negotiators(谈判者) use thistechnique in business, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the charactersin their books. They ask questions: what does this character want? Why can’t she get it? Whatchanges must she make to get what she wants? What does she dream about? If your goalinvolves other people, put yourself “in their shoes”. The best fishermen think like fish!36.According to the passage, when we become adults.A.most of us are no longer creative.B.we are not as imaginative as children.C.we can still learn to be more creative.D.we are unwilling to be creative.37.According to the first technique, if you need to solve a problem, ______A.you should link it with candles.B.you have to think of buying a present for a friend.C.you should link it with as many words as possible.D.you could find an image and try to link it with the problem.38.The second technique suggests that you just imagineA.setting a goal is as simple as skiing.B.you have every resource to achieve your goal.C.new possibilities will soon appear.D.December and January are the best months for skiing.39.The phrase “put yourself ‘in their shoes’” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning toA.dress yourself like them.B.do as they ask you to.C.put on their shoes.D.think as they would.40.We learn from the third technique that a good salesman should ask himself:A.what are my customers’ needs?B.what do I usually do?C.what did my boss tell me to do?D.how should I sell my products?第三篇 The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate ofdivorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, andthe evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to thebreakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Somefuturists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times ,andextramarital(婚外的)affairs will be even more common than they are now.But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy(阴暗的)? The answer tothe first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. Theinstitution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to beeconomically dependent ontheir husbands as they usua lly didn’t have jobs outside the home.But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, so theydon’t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic(悲观的)as it seems.While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen verymuch, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this, many couples now simply livetogether and don’t bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do notappear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of first marriagessurvive.So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get marriedindicates that it isn’t. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than singlepeople: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, andmarried men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts.Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of ourrelationships!41.Which of the following is true about the marriage in the United States today?A.Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.B.More than half of the married couples get divorced.C.American people marry more than four times.D.More and more people are getting divorced.42.What does “this is no longer the case” in paragraph 2 mean?A.Women are not economically dependent any more.B.It is not necessary to get married any more.C.Women do not need a husband any longer.D.Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now.43.Why is the outlook of marriage not as hopeless as it appears?A.Many people still like to get married.B.The rate of divorce has actually decreased.C.Over 60% of the marriages continue to exist.D.The statistics of divorce is reliable.44.How do most men feel in their marriage life?A.They feel much stronger than before.B.They don’t feel as lonely as before.C.They suffer more than before.D.They feel more satisfied than being single.45.Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.It is important to discover what makes a marriage successful.B.Marriage has long been partly an economic need.C.It is a fact that most people choose to get married.D.Many people went abroad after divorce.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

第一部分阅读理解(75分)Passage 1CATV is a short way of saying "community antenna (天线) television." But "cable television" is the term most people use. Cable television allows viewers to receive TV programs that they cannot pick up with their regular antennas.Television signals do not follow the curve (曲线) of the earth. They travel in straight lines in all directions. Signals from a TVstation move toward the horizon (水平线) and then go into space. If you live only a few miles from a station, you may not get any picture at all.CATV began in 1948. People in places far from TV stations sharedthe cost of putting up high antennas. A community antenna wasusually placed on a hill, a mountain, or on a high tower. The antenna picked up TV signals and fed them into a small local station. From the station, thick wires called cables ran out to nearby homes. Each person using the cable paid a monthly charge. CATV worked well, and soon new uses were found for it. Localstations could feed programs into empty channels that were not in use. People along the cable could have local news, weather reports, and farm and school news at no extra charge.Today, cable television has moved into cities. It brings in extra programs that city viewers with regular antennas cannot see. It is also used in many classrooms throughout the country.1. From the first paragraph we know that ________.○A.most people use cable television○B."community antenna" is another name for "regular antenna"○C. a community antenna is used for cable television○D.regular antennas cannot pick up TV signals programs2. Of the following, which is NOT the way TV signals travel?○A.In a curve.○B.In a straight line.○C.In all direction.○D.Toward the horizon.3. Cable TV is becoming more and popular because _____________.○A.it is free of charge○B.it can provide more programs○C.it provides all TV users good pictures○ sets with regular antennas can also have a good reception through CATV4. On the whole, this passage is about ________.○A.how to put up high antennas○B. a way of picking up better TV programs○C.how to use the empty channels on your TV set○D.the way that TV signals are sent5. From the passage we can infer that __________.○ has begun to be used for educational purposes○B.there is no charge for CATV○C.cable TV cannot be used in mountainous areas○D.antennas for cable TV are usually put up in the center of a communityPassage 2In earliest times, men considered lightning to be one of the great mysteries of nature. Some ancient people believed that lightning and thunder were the weapons of the gods.In reality, lightning is a flow of electricity formed high above the earth. A single flash of lightning 1.6 kilometers long has enough electricity to light one million light bulbs.The American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, was the firstto show the connection between electricity and lightning in 1752. In the same year he also built the first lightning rod. This device protects buildings from damage by lightning.Modern science has discovered that one stroke of lighting contains more than 15 million volts. A spark between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers, and travel at a speed of 30 million meters per second.Scientists estimate that there are about 2000 million flashes of lightning per year. Lightning hits the Empire State Building in New York City 30 to 48 times a year. In the United States along itkills an average of one person every day.The safest place to be in case of an electrical storm is in a closed car. Outside, one should go to low ground and not get under trees. Also, one should stay out of water and away from metal fences. Inside a house, people should avoid open doorways and windows and not touch wires or metal things.With lightning, it is better to be safe than sorry!6. Lightning is really __________.○A.weapon○B.electricity○C.light○D.mystery7. People once though that lightning came from __________.○A.scientists○B.ground○C.lightning rod○D.gods8. One flash of lightning can produce enough electricity for ______ bulbs.○A.10,000○B.1,000○C.1,000,000○D.1009. Benjamin Franklin ___________.○A.made the first lightning rod○B.invented electricity○C.built the Empire State Building○D.prevented Lightning from hitting cars10. _________ is the best place to be during an electrical storm.○A.Swimming pool○B. a high ground○C.Under a tree○D. A carPassage 3Because of the energy crisis, scientists in the oil-consuming nations have become increasingly interested in the potential(潜在的) of solar energy. Some experts estimate that the present supply of fossil (化石) fuel will not last until the end of the twentieth century. The problem that solar energy researchers face is how to harness (利用) the sun's energy effectively and inexpensively. One of the mostpopular methods currently being tested uses rooftop solar collectorsand underground storage tanks. An advantage of a properly working system of this type is that it will not create any environmental pollution. Another advantage of using solar energy is that the costof the fuel-the sun's rays-is zero. When a solar heating system is working at maximum (最大的) efficiency, it can provide up to 80 percent of winter heating needs.11. The main topic of this passage is __________.○A.the shortage of fossil fuel○B.the problems that energy researchers face○C.an environmental pollution problem○D.an inexpensive energy source12. One popular solar heating system makes use of __________.○A.roof collectors and underground storage○B.fossil fuel conversion○C.underground oil tanks○D.water collection and evaporation13. The cost of using the sun's rays for heating is ___________. ○A.about the same as the cost of fossil fuels○B.several hundred dollars per year○C.negligible compared with other energy sources○D.determined by the severity of the winter14. Which of the following describes an advantage of using solar energy?○A.There is little or no environmental pollution.○B. A large percentage of fuel costs can be saved.○C.Fossil fuels will become more plentiful.○D.The oil-consuming nations will not have to import oil.15. According to some experts, the supply of fossil fuel will not last _______.○A.one more century○B.an indeterminable time○C.until the end of this century○D.indefinitely第二部分完成句子(25分)根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。

2011年真题：第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.His shoes were shined to perfection.A. clearedB. polishedC. washedD. Mended2.She can be relied on inA. looked afterC. turned onB.believedinD.depended on3.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A. admittedB. reportedC. hopedD. answered4.The test produced disappointing results.A. unsatisfactoryB. indirectC. similarD. positive5.My doctor said I should vary my diet moreA, change B. prepareC. cookD. choose6.Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge.A. hard C. shortB. good D. long7. The book took ten years of thorough researchA. basicB. careful.C, social D. major8. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.A. efforB. problemC. influenceD. Concern9.Eventually, she got a job and moved to LondonA. CertainlyB. LuckilyC. NaturallyD. Finally10.The love of money is the root of'all evilA. resultB. endC. causeD. Force11.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conferenceA. offeredB. investigatedC. includedD. accepted.12. His long-term goal is to set up his own business.A. ideaB. energyC. aimD. Order13.A number of theor.ies have been proposed to explain the situationA. suggestedB. testedC. usedD. announced14.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A．reduced B. turnedC．moved D. reformed15.Things have changed a lot since I was a childA. graduatlyB. suddenlyC. frequentlyD. greatly第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

全国职称英语级别考试试题、答案综合类试卷及答案综合类(A级)试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分拟定1个意义最为接近旳选项。

1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor2. The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3. I got a not from Moria urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4. It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5. The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6. Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7. At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy8. Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting9. A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught10. I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing13. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15. She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatedD examines第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；如果该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

职称英语考试 A 类真题与答案 考生如果想要把职称英语 A 类考试考好，那就要了解一些关于 A 类考试的历年真题了。

下文是百分网为大家准备了全国职称英语 A 类考试的真题与参考答案相关内容， 希望能对 大家有所帮助!全国职称英语 A 类考试的真题带答案：完形填空完形填空(第 51——65 题，每 题 1 分，共 l5 分)下面的短文有 15 处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定一个最佳选项。

Stage FrightFallow as you come onstage. That's an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir F6rltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovictf tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic Mr. Feltsman said, " All my fright was - ( 51 ). I already fell what else could happen?"Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that _ (52) with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to _ (53) stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shakylimbs, racing heart, blank mind.Teachers and psychologists offer wide-range advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out, _ (54) metal discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don't _ (55) that you're jittery, they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience.Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some ( 56 ) for the moments before performance, "Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile, she says. "And not one of these 'please don't kill me' smiles. Then( 57) three friendly faces in the audience, people would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them." She doesn't want performers to think of the audience (58)a judge Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She what their students are able to achieve. at the _ (59) of stage fright, tells other teachers to demand only When Lynn Harrell was 20, he became he principal cellist of the Cleverland and he suffered extreme stage fright. "There were times when I got so Orchestra, (60) I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic.came to a _ ( 61 ) where I thought 'If I have to go through this to play music, I think I'm going to look for another job. Recovery, he said, involved developing humility-recognizing that not a disaster.( 62 ) his talent, he was fallible, and that an imperfect concert wasIt is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz's nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example. "They had to push him on stage," Soprano Renata Scotto recalled ( 63 ) , success can make things worse. "In the beginning of your career, when you're scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don't have any( 64) ,"Soprano June Anderson said. " There's you're known, people are coming to see you, and they have a lot to lose. "(65) to lose. Later on, when certain expectations. You have Anderson added, "I never stop being nervous until I've sung51 A gone B saved C assessed D observed52 A work B deal C enroll D communicate53 A explain B understand C fight D analyze54 A to B of C at D for55 A tell B deny C confirm D argue56 A reasons B supports C strategies D demands57 A watch B draw C recognize D choose58 A as B like C by D on59 A time B rate C root D beginning60 A decisive B excited C grateful D nervous61 A room B moment C corner D point62 A whenever B whatever C wherever D however63 A Actually B Correspondingly C Certainly D Similarly64 A sensations B appreciations C expectation D contributions65 A much B less C some D more 参考答案：ABCAB CDACD DBACB 全国职称 英语 A 类考试的真题带答案：词汇选项下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语画有底横线，请为 每处画线部分确定 1 个意义最为接近的选项。

职称英语试题及答案职称英语是国内普遍的一项专业资格认证考试，旨在评估英语能力，提升职业技能。

下面将介绍一些职称英语试题及其答案，希望对备考的人员有所帮助。

第一部分：选词填空1. Many people believe that the key to success lies in _______ (持久性) and hard work.答案：perseverance解析：这道题目考查对于词汇的理解能力。

根据题干的语境，我们可以推测到空格处应该填一个表示“持久性、坚持不懈”的词语，所以正确答案是perseverance（坚持）。

2. The team was _______ (没表达自己的感受) when they lost the match.答案：mute解析：这道题目考查对于词组的理解能力。

根据题干的语境，我们可以推测到空格处应该填一个表示“没表达自己的感受”的词语，所以正确答案是mute（沉默）。

第二部分：阅读理解阅读下列短文，然后根据短文的内容选择最佳答案。

Passage 1:Nowadays, with the rise of electronic devices, the habit of reading seems to be declining among young people. Many argue that traditional books will soon become obsolete. However, a study conducted by the University of Sussex suggests otherwise.According to the study, reading books not only provides entertainment but also has numerous mental health benefits. Regular reading can improve cognitive abilities, enhance concentration, and even prevent cognitive decline in old age. The study also indicates that reading fiction can improve empathy and enhance social skills.Furthermore, reading physical books promotes better sleep quality. Unlike electronic devices such as tablets or smartphones, which emit blue light and disrupt sleep patterns, traditional books do not have such negative effects on sleep. This makes reading before bedtime an excellent option for achieving sound and restful sleep.In conclusion, while electronic devices offer convenience, there are still significant benefits to be gained from reading traditional books. Therefore, it is essential to encourage and cultivate the habit of reading among young people.3. According to the study conducted by the University of Sussex, reading books can _______.A. improve physical healthB. prevent cognitive declineC. enhance concentration答案：B. prevent cognitive decline解析：这道题目要求根据文章的内容选择正确答案。

职称英语考试综合类A级试题与答案第1部分：词汇选项〔第1~15题,每题1分,共15分〕下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语.答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上.1 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explainedB inventedC consideredD accepted2 He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavyB strongC kindD wild3 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A makingB takingC discussingD expecting4 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producingA wasteB buyC useD sell5 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A functionB abilityC powerD volume6 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tenselyB nearlyC carefullyD closely7 Her faith upheld her in times of sadnessA supportedB excitedC inspiredD directed8 The book provides a concise analysis of the country’s history.A cleanB perfectC realD brief9 It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their memb ership cards at all times.A suggestedB warnedC statedD confirmed10 The council meeting terminated at 2 o’clockA beganB continuedC endedD resumed11 A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A signB substituteC proofD target12 However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.A reluctantB eagerC pleasedD angry13 It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did n ot merely regulate or enlarge an old one.A limitB controlC replaceD offset14 The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A denyB investigateC stressD create15 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A graduallyB suddenlyC excessivelyD exceptionally第2部分：阅读判断〔第16~22题,每题1分,共7分〕阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断.如果该句提供的是正确信息,请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息,请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提与,请在答题卡上把C涂黑Principles of Governing PersuasionIf leadership consists of getting thing done through others, then persuasio n is one of the leader’s essential to ols. Many executives have assumed that th is tool is beyond their grasp, available only to the charismatic<有魅力的> and the eloquent. Over the past several decades, though, experimental psychologists have learned which methods reliably lead people to concede, comply, or change. Their research shows that persuasion is governed by several principles that ca n be taught and applied.The first principle is that people are more likely to follow someone who is similar to them than someone who is not. Wise managers, then, ask peers to hel p make their cases. Second, people are more willing to cooperate with those who are not only like them but who like them, as well. So it’s worth the time to uncover real similarities and offer genuine praise.Third, experiments confirm the intuitive truth that people tend to treat yo u the way you treat them. It’s sound policy to do a favor before seeking one. Fourth, individuals are more likely to keep promises they make voluntarily and clearly. The message for managers here is to get commitments in writing. Fifth, studies show that people really do defer to <服从> experts. So before they att empt to exert influence, executives should take pains to establish their own ex pertise and not assume that it’s self-evident. Finally, people want more of a commodity when it’s scarce; it follows, then, that exclusive information is mo re persuasive than widely available data.16 Experiments have confirmed the assumption of many executives.A rightB WrongC Not mentioned17 People are more likely to cooperate with those who like them.A rightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Managers do not employ those who are quite different from them.A rightB WrongC Not mentioned19 There is no need for a manager to find out the merits of his employees.A rightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Experiments have shown that, contrary to our expectation, people tend to treat you the way you treat them.A rightB WrongC Not mentioned21 There are as many wise managers as there are stupid ones.A rightB WrongC Not mentioned22 Exclusive information is more persuasive than widely known data.A rightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子〔第23~ 30题,每题1分,共8分〕阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务：〔1〕第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；〔2〕第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别完成每个句子.请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.Keeping Cut Flowers1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people kno w how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensiti ve to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations<康乃馨> retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12oC than when kept at 2 60c. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably th e most important aspect of flower care.3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological pu rpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination <授粉>. After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers cons ume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide <二氧化碳>, called respiration <呼吸>, ge nerates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colour. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is v ery high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respi ration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining l ow temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowl y.5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water i n which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink〞 water that is di rty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost ce rtainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the w ater of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach <含氯漂白剂> can b e used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach< at 4% solution> be added to each litre of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.A Control of RespirationB Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC Role of RespirationD Most Important Aspect of Flower CareE Need for Clean WaterF Ways of Stopping Respiration23 Paragraph 2__________________24 Paragraph 3__________________25 Paragraph 4__________________26 Paragraph 5__________________27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers_______________28 Respiration plays a key role________________29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down_________________30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is ____________ ________A by keeping its original shape and colourB in the life of the cut flowerC to produce carbon dioxideD for as long as possibleE by controlling temperatureF to replace the water and solution every day第4部分：阅读理解〔第31~45题,每题3分,共45分〕下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每道题后面有4个选项.请根据文章的内容,从每题所给的4个选项中选择个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的位置上.第一篇 "Salty〞 Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will b e able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned f arms to become productive once more.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University’s School of Biological Sc iences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechn ology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability i nto crops, starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares〔公顷〕 of agricultur al land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts〔妨碍生长〕plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves〔红树林〕 t hat create swamps〔沼泽〕 and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have b een cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the watertable to drop, allowing sea water to seep〔渗透〕in. in Latin America, irrigati on often causes problems when water is evaporated〔蒸发〕 by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water t hey need to survive.To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants th at take in very little slat and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants‘ growth. They have started to breed these characteristics in to a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Ye o will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, provi ding much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.31 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true？A They are students at Sussex University.B They are rice breeders.C They are husband and wife.D They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.32 Flowers and Yeo have started a programmeA to find ways to prevent water pollution.B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.C to breed rice plants that taste salty.D to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discus sed in the passage？A Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.B the water table has gone down after droughts.C Sea level has been continuously rising.D Evaporation of water leaves salt behind34 The word "affect〞 in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced byA "influence〞B "effect〞C "stop〞D "present〞35 The attitude of the author towards the research project isA positiveB negative.C suspiciousD indifferent.第二篇Ford’s Assembly LineWhen it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our l ives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, e ven to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars-one, strange to say, tha t originated in slaughterhouses〔屠宰场〕.Back in the early 1900‘s, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a "disassembly line〞. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up p roduction of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an ex pert on industrial development, tells what happened."The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assemble team ave raged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.〞Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford wen t all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towe d〔拖,拉〕past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It hasn‘t long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he c ut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all tho se who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers the world over copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about a ll of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile h as arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation〔自动化〕, eve rything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.36 Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true?A He introduced a new way of production.B He influenced all manufacturing.C He inspired other auto makers.D He changed a historian’s mind.37 The writer mentions〞 slaughterhouses〞 because they were the places whe reA Ford’s assembly line originatedB Ford made his first car.C Ford readjusted the assembly line.D Ford innovated the disassembly line.38 A magneto is a technical term forA an automobile.B a production lineC a part of an automobile engine.D a disassembly line39 the phrase〞 turning out〞 in the last paragraph could be best replaced byA " producing〞B " selling〞C "buying〞D "fixing〞40 The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry FordA to create more jobs for the unemployedB to write a book on historyC to reduce the price of his cars to $260D to cut the production of his cars by 50%第三篇 PlayPlay is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research h as shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for pl ay, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, enc ourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which childr en will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s developme nt.In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is lar gely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby’s ability to p rofit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged and stimulated, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully.In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying o ut, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bri cks and jigsaws〔七巧板〕and construction toys; painting, scribbling<涂鸦> and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; t he first social games for learning to play and get on with others.Bt the third stage of play development-from five to seven or eight years-th e child is at school. But for a few more years play is still the best way of le arning, at home or at school. It is easier to see which type of toys the chills most enjoys.Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a chil d. But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main so urce of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, they lead on to new hobbies, but their significance has changed-to a child of nice or ten years, to ys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.41 The passage tells us that as a child grows upA he should be allowed to choose his own toys.B he should be given identical toys.C he should be given different toys.D he should be given fewer and fewer toys.42 According to the passage, the abilities a child has inherited from his p arentsA determine his characterB will not change after the age of three.C partly determine the standard he is likely to reach.D to a large extent determine the choice of toys.43 Who have the best chance of growing up successfully?A Those who tend to overeatB Those who are given a lot of toys.C Those who are given toys, talked to and played with.D Those who can share their toys with their playmates.44 We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosityA when he is twoB when he is around four.C when he is six.D when he is eight.45 The passage is mainly aboutA the importance of pre-school educationB the importance of schooling.C the role of play in a child’s developmentD the choice of toys for adolescents.第5部分：补全短文〔第46~50题,每题2分,共10分〕阅读下面的短文,文章中有5处空白,文章后面有6组文字,请根据文章的内容选择5组文字,将其分别放回文章原来位置,以恢复文章原貌.请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.Science and TechnologyThere is a difference between science and technology._________<46>. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phen omena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these fac ts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedur es for applying the findings of science.________<47>Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to unde rstand the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy an d certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people’s likes or disl ikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things._________<48>. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides we have the choice of refusing to believe it ! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the c hoice of refusing to hear the sound produced by a supersonic<超音速的> aircraft flying overhead; we cannot refuse to breathe polluted air._________<49>The pur pose of technology is to serve people-people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves.__________<50> Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion<枯竭> and even social decay in general-so much so that the promise of technology is " obscured ". That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do not lead to a better w orld, what else will?A Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the pro gress in each.B Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the h uman factor.C What scientists discover may shock or anger people ---as did Darwin’s th eory of evolution.D Science and technology are different.E We are all familiar with the improper use of technology.F Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a m ethod of solving practical problems.第6部分：完形填空〔第51~65题,每题1分,共15分〕阅读下面的短文,文中有15处空白,每处空白给出了4个选项同,请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的位置上Cost as a Factor in SupplyIn a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no c ontrol over the market price, because he produces too little to influence marke t conditions. With no difference between his products and the products________< 51> his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or __________<52> the market price. Howev er, in considering the price, he must take the ____________<53>of production in to consideration. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for__________<54> he believes will be a s hort time. However, no business person can __________<55>to lose money for a pr olonged period. He must be constantly __________<56>of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to competes successfully and earn a profit.Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per uni t decrease._________<57>mass production has made this true in certain industrie s and at certain levels of production,________<58> logic and practical experien ces have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of prod uction. Some economists_________<59>to this principle as the law of increasing costs.The reason costs rise as production goes up is __________<60>. However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factor s of production will also grow,__________<61>competitive bidding in the marketp lace for the factors of production. If a producer needs___________<62> skilled labor to produce more, and none of this labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get __________<63>from other sources. This can be done by ___________<6 4>higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of product ion. We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive, _________ __<65>not all land is equally fertile and not all ore<矿石>is equally rich in t he mineral wanted.51 A to B at C of D on52 A below B beneath C over D above53 A price B cost C worth D profit54 A that B why C what D if55 A afford B pretend C offer D try56 A sure B afraid C aware D suspicious57 A Because B Since C When D While58 A both B neither C none D any59 A resort B refer C turn D attend60 A clear B simple C difficult D complex61 A bringing B resulting in C including D carrying out62 A less B numerous C more D many63 A them B these C it D those64 A offering B cutting C reducing D having65 A as if B just as C because D while答案：1A 2C 3C 4C 5D 6D 7A 8D 9C 10C 11A 12A 13B 14B 15A16B 17A 18C 19B 20B 21C 22A 23D 24C 25A 26E 27D 28B 29E 30F31D 32B 33C 34A 35A 36D 37A 38C 39A 40C 41C 42C 43C 44B 45C46F 47A 48C 49B 50E51C 52A 53B 54C 55A 56C 57D 58A 59B 60D 61B 62C 63C 64A 65B。

2013‎‎试(卫生类A)‎析第1部分：词汇选项1．【 】A【题 】 生 ‎‎原则。

A．主要 ，基 B．道德 ，精神 C．定期 ，有规 D．硬 ，艰难【 析】 查形容词。

划线词car‎d inal‎为“基 ，主要 ”， funda‎mental‎。

为‎A。

【 点延伸】表示“ ，基 ”词还有bas‎ic(基 ，基础 )，radica‎l( ，激进 )，prime(主要 ，首要 )2．【 】B【题 】 ‎‎。

A．拒绝，排斥B．支持， C．使服从， 交D． 虑，认为【 析】 查动词。

划线词end‎o rse 为‎“签署， ，认可”， appro‎v e为 词‎，‎为B。

【 点延伸】表示“ ” 词还有co‎n sent( ，)，suppor‎t(支持，)，sancti ‎o n(认可，支持；制裁，处罚)，agree( ， )3．【 】D【题 】 ‎ 持‎怀疑态度。

A．未受影响 ，未改变 B．必然 ，无疑 ， 定 C．沉默 ，寂静 D．怀疑 ，不 定【 析】 查形容词。

划线词ske‎p tical‎为“怀疑 ”， doubt‎f ul为 ‎词， 为‎D。

【 点延伸】-ful表示形‎容词，如doubt‎f ul(怀疑 )，succes‎s ful( 功 )，hopefu‎l(有希望 )4．【 】D【题 】 ‎ 绝 ， 为 ‎ 受 ‎。

A．死 ，变 死 B．经过，逝去C．运走，带走D． 绝，绝【 析】 查短 。

划线词die‎out 为“ 绝，消失”，becom‎e extinc‎t为 词， 为D。

【 点延伸】die off(相继死去)，die of／from(死于)，die away(减弱，消失)【题 】 期 ‎交 ‎很简单。

A．可靠 ，可信 B．有效 ，起作 C．简单 D．选择性 ，交替【 析】 查形容词。

划线词pri‎m itive‎为“原始 ，简单 ，粗糙 ”， simpl‎e为 词， ‎为C。

【 点延伸】-able表示‎形容词，如relia‎b le(可信 ，可靠 )，depend‎a ble(可依靠 )；-tive表示‎形容词，如effec‎t i ve(有效 )，active‎(积极 )6．【 】D【题 】 ‎选 ‎冠军。

第一部分词汇选项试卷的第1---15题，每题1分，共15分。

本部分为15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语下划有横线，要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义相近似的词或短语。

职称英语等级考试的第一个考试项目是词汇选项，它考查应试者理解一定语境下单词或短语意义的能力。

这里的“一定语境”指的是一个句子，考查的目的是看应试者能否根据这个句子把其中划线的词或短语的意思猜测出来。

这实际上是一种最简单的阅读理解题。

词汇：（C、D级词汇）1. Will you please call my husband as soon as possible?phone2. We’ll give every teacher space to develop.room3. I have to go at once.immediately4. The policeman asked him to identify the thief.name5. We were all there when the accident occurred.happened6. It took me exactly a week to complete the work.finish7. The herb medicine eventually cured her disease.finally8. We had a long conversation about her parents.talk9. Please let me know if you are unable to attend the meeting.go to10. They have made up his mind to give up smoking.decided11. Your teacher will take your illness into account when marking your exams. consideration12. We have to put up with her behavior.tolerate13. They have given up the hope to save their friend from drowning.abandoned14. I seldom watch TV.rarely15. The dentist has decided to take out the girl’s bad tooth.extract16(1). Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark.faintly16(2). In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union. certain17. Many of novelist Carson McCullers’ characters are isolated, Disappointed people. solitary18. The workers finally called off the strike.cancelled19. John has made up his mind not to go to the meeting.decided20. I catch cold now and then. occasionally21. He often finds fault with my work.criticizes22. The little girl grasped her mother’s arm as she crossed the street.took hold of23. In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently. account24. The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man.given up25. Have you talked to her lately?recently26. Many residents of apartment complexes object to noisy neighbors.occupants27. Practically all species of animals communicate either through sounds or through a large repertory of soundless codes. almost28. Sulphur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pre state.sometimes29. When doves are about two weeks old, they are covered with grey feathers and are ready to try their wings.test30. I rarely wear a raincoat because I spend most of my time in a car.seldom31. You must shine your shoes.polish32. Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality.Demand33. Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices.harmful34. Cement was seldom used in building during the middle Ages.rarely35. Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hour. velocities 36. The poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician.doctor37. Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches. especially 38. We shall take the treasure away to a safe place.secure39. An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of State. a division 40. They have been living under the most appalling conditions for two years. dreadful41. I wasn’t qualified for the job really but I got it anyhow.anyway42. He achieved success through hard work.attained43. The standards wet four years ago in Seoul will be far below the athletes’ capabilities now.abilities44. The army should have operated in conjunction with the fleet to raid the enemy’s coast. together45. His claims seem credible to many people. convincing46. Jack is a diligent worker.hardworking47. Society is now much more diverse than ever before.varied48. Loud noises can be annoying.irritating49. The expedition reached the summit at 10:30 that morning.top of the mountain50. While serving in the Senate in the early 1970’s, Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environmental problems. forbid51. Guests were scared when the bomb exploded.frightened52. He was one of the principal organizes of the association.planners53. Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization. stated firmly54. Smoking is not permitted in the office.allowed55. The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting.suggested56. I feel regret about what’s happened.sorry57. She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis.depend on58. John removed his overcoat. took off59. Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children. a better60. There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.beats61. The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War. elicited62. The towers of a suspension bridge serve as a rigid framework to which the cables are attached. skeleton63. The leading astronomers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were fascinated by comets. intrigued64. They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.solve65. We were shocked to find that Mary didn’t know her guest’s name.surprised66. The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.anxious 67. It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished.pulled down 68. The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster. unfavorable69. He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism.short and clear70. The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful.respectful71. The new job will provide you with invaluable experience.extremely useful72. The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me.crazy73. In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue. extremely thorough74. Not all member states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously. adhered to75. Examination papers of the class were marked without bias.fairly76. The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated.put an end to第二部分阅读判断第16～22题，每题l分，共7分。