汉译英段落翻译讲解(2nd assignment第二册课堂用20170417)

Unit 3Text A〔Chinese〕1994年元旦前夕，我生下一名女婴并建立了一项新的业务。

太不切实际了，是的，但它是我不得不做的。

决心要做一个居家照顾孩子的妈妈，我开始在家靠从事写广告和自由撰稿谋生。

这特别具有挑战性，因为我是一无父母的、又没有人帮助的单亲妈妈。

我必须想出办法有一个环境既能抚养孩子维持生计。

多亏了互联网！〔Chinese〕花了一小笔钱买了一个显示器、鼠标和电话后，我就连接并拨号上网了。

一买了电脑，我就聘请技术人员为我设置了万维网。

一点击鼠标我就完全进入了网络空间。

我启程了！我真是欣喜若狂。

我有了电子邮件，准备靠它带来客户。

我一下子把传真机扔出滑动玻璃门，烧掉了我的纸质活动记载。

我该马上行动了，是的，我也这样做了。

我很快建立了计算机文档，一切开始发生了。

〔Chinese〕有了无线电话耳机的连接，我抱着宝宝从一个房间到另一个房间，一边换脏尿布一边和客户交谈。

当女儿睡觉的时候，我就在网上工作。

有时候是在“奥普拉”节目的伴随中，有时是午夜过后。

在互联网上工作使得我有了这种宝贵的灵活性，我要是从事其他工作就根本不可能有这种灵活性了。

〔Chinese〕互联网帮我挖掘新的业务。

我向行业杂志和全国性杂志的编辑写了查询信，很快就收到了答复和写作任务，并没有受到时间的拖延。

我不再需要查看信箱找拒绝信或者签好的合同。

所有这些文件通过互联网电子邮件就能快速获得。

〔Chinese〕不久，我的想法就在键盘上飞越，新闻稿从指尖流出。

我是一个网络冲浪妈妈，没有什么会使我慢下来。

每套宣传材料完成后，所有的简介都写好后，我会直接用电子邮件把我的资料发给世界各地的不同编辑。

我不必再站在麦克斯办公用品公司前排队复印或等传真，我所需要的每样东西都整齐地放进我的家庭办公电脑里了〔Chinese〕即时通讯帮助我招揽了更多的业务。

我感觉到了高科技世界激情奔放。

多亏了万维网，我不再感到孤单。

我能够连接上新闻团体和各种专业人士，他们知道我在哪里以及想去哪里。

新视野大学英语第三版第二册读写课文翻译Unit 1 Text A一堂难忘的英语课1 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。

对他而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。

2 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来的。

这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。

我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？”3 她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！”4 没了。

所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。

5 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。

学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they're之间的不同，或区别complimentary 跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。

由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。

6 学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。

举例来说，杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。

朋友和亲人常宣称They've just ate。

实际上，他们应该说They've just eaten。

因此，批评学生不合乎情理。

7 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。

学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。

可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。

还有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识，因为他们过去也没接触过。

学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们并没把语言的基本框架——准确的语法和恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生。

8 因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一步、注重技巧地进行。

新视野大学英语 (第二版) 读写教程2重要段落、典型英译汉与汉译英总复习Unit1Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to work too quickly. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. Assignments are, consequently, felt to be given added weight by the passage of time. In the U. S., however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to "get it moving".有些初来美国的人来自其他文化背景不同的国家,在他们的国家,人们认为工作太快是一种失礼.在他们看来,如果不花一定时间来处理某件事的话,那么这件事就好像是无足轻重的,不值得给予适当的重视.因此, 人们觉得用的时间长会增加所做事情的重要性. 但在美国, 能迅速而又成功地解决问题或完成工作则被视为是有水平, 有能力的标志. 通常, 工作越重要, 投入的资金,精力和注意力就越多,其目的是"使工作开展起来" .Unit2Last summer, I returned to visit Nikolai.He made me tea... and did the dishes! We talked while sitting on his couch. Missing the Olympic Team the previous year had made me pause and reflect on what I had gained —not the least of which was a quiet, indissoluble bond with a short man in a tropical shirt. Nikolai taught me to have the courage, heart, and discipline to persist, even if it takes a billion tries. He taught me to be thankful in advance for a century of life on earth, and to remind myself every day that despite the challenges at hand, "Now must be love, love, love." 去年夏天,我回去拜访尼克莱.他给我沏了茶......还自己洗了碗!我们坐在沙发上聊天.怀念起前一年的奥林匹克队,我一时沉默,回想起自己曾经获得的一切——很重要的一点就是我和这个穿着颇具热带风情衬衫,个子不高的男人之间形成了并不张扬但又牢不可摧的纽带. 尼克莱教会我即使需要无数次的努力,也要凭借勇气,热情和严格的纪律来坚持下去.他还教会我为了能在这世界上生活一辈子而预先心存感激,并每天提醒自己:即便面临许多挑战, "现在心里有的必须是爱,爱,爱. "Unit3Gail and I imagined a quiet wedding. During our two yearstogether we had experienced the usual ups and downs of a couple learning to know, understand, and respect each other. But through it all we had honestly confronted the weaknesses and strengths of each other's characters. Our racial and cultural differences enhanced our relationship and taught us a great deal about tolerance, compromise, and being open with each other. Gail sometimes wondered why I and other blacks were so involved with the racial issue, and I was surprised that she seemed to forget the subtler forms of racial hatred in American society.我和盖尔计划举行一个不事张扬的婚礼.在两年的相处中,我们的关系经历了起伏,这是一对情侣在学着相互了解,理解和尊重时常常出现的.但在这整整两年间,我们坦诚地面对彼此性格中的弱点和优点. 我们之间的种族及文化差异不但增强了我们的关系,还教会了我们要彼此宽容,谅解和开诚布公.盖尔有时不明白为何我和其他黑人如此关注种族问题,而我感到吃惊的是,她好像忘记了美国社会中种族仇恨种种微妙的表现形式.Unit4Six minutes to six, said the digital clock over the information desk in Grand Central Station. John Blandford, a tall young army officer, focused his eyesight on the clockto note the exact time. In six minutes he would see the woman who had filled a special place in his life for the past thirteen months, a woman he had never seen, yet whose written words had been with him and had given him strength without fail. Soon after he volunteered for military service, he had received a book from this woman. A letter, which wished him courage and safety, came with the book. He discovered that many of his friends, also in the army, had received the identical book from the woman, Hollis Meynell. And while they all got strength from it, and appreciated her support of their cause, John Blandford was the only person to write Ms. Meynell back. On the day of his departure, to a destination overseas where he would fight in the war, he received her reply. Aboard the cargo ship that was taking him into enemy territory, he stood on the deck and read her letter to him again and again.五点五十四,问讯处数码时钟在中央火车站显示着.约翰Blandford 一个高的年轻军官,他注视在时钟上确定时间.再有六分钟,他就会看到一个女人在,他的一生中充满了一个特殊的位置在过去的 13 个月里.有一个女人,他从来没有见过,但是总写信给他,给他的力量,从不停息. 不久以后,他自愿去服兵役, 从这个女人那里他收到了一本书. 一封信,希望他的勇气和安全,和这本书一起寄来. 他发现他的许多朋友,也在军队里,收到来自这个女人的书,完全一样.而他们都得到的力量,感谢她支持他们的事业,约翰 Blandford 是唯一的人给 Ms. Meynell 回信的.他离开的那天,他在海外目的地作战时,他收到了她的回信.装货物的船带他到敌人的领土,他站在甲板上,读她的信给他一遍又一遍.Unit5There is a quotation from a battered women's shelter that I especially like: "Peace on earth begins at home." I believe everything does. I think of a quotation for people trying to stop smoking: "Every home is a no-smoking zone." Smoking is a form of self-battering that also batters those who must sit by, occasionally joke or complain, and helplessly watch. I realize now that as a child I sat by, through the years, and literally watched my father kill himself: Surely one such victory in my family, for the prosperous leaders who own the tobacco companies, is enough.我特别喜欢一条写在受虐妇女收容所里的语录: "人间和平,始于家庭. "我认为世上所有的东西都是如此.我还想起了另一条写给那些想戒烟的人们的语录: "每个家庭都应该是禁烟区. " 抽烟是一种自我毁灭,而且也毁灭着那些不得不坐在你身边的人.那些人偶尔也会取笑或抱怨你抽烟,可常常只能无可奈何地坐在一边看.我现在意识到,从我还是个孩子起,这些年来我实际上是一直坐在旁边,看着我父亲自杀.对那些生意兴隆的烟草公司的巨头们来说,能在我家取得这样一种胜利,肯定是够满意了. Unit6For her first twenty-four years, she'd been known as Debbie—a name that didn't suit her good looks and elegant manner. "My name has always made me think I should be a cook," she complained. "I just don't feel like a Debbie." produce by Holyidiot(Big devil) 2010/6/24 II 新视野大学英语(第二版) 读写教程 2 总复习 One day, while filling out an application form for a publishing job, the young woman impulsively substituted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie. "That was the smartest thing I ever did," she says now. "As soon as I stopped calling myself Debbie, I felt more comfortable with myself... and other people started to take me more seriously." Two years after her successful job interview, the former waitress is now a successful magazine editor. Friends and associates call her Lynne.对于她的第一个 24 年,她就被称为德比,一个名称,并不适合她的美貌和方式优雅. "我的名字总是让我觉得我应该是一个厨师, "她抱怨道. "我只是不觉得像戴比. " 有一天,而填写了出版工作申请的形式,年轻的女子情不自禁的用她的中间名林恩代替她的 first 名字,黛比. "那是我做过的最聪明的事, "她说,现在. "只要我停下来称呼我自己戴比,我觉得更舒服...我和其他人开始把我更认真. " 两年后,她的成功面试,前者是现在一个成功的女服务员杂志编辑.朋友和同事称她林恩.Unit7Keep in mind that over time these priorities are going to change. "The kids grow up, the dog dies and you change your priorities." From Eliot's viewpoint, the other key to controlling stress is to "realize that there are other troublesome parts of your life over which you can have little or no control—like the economy and politicians". You have to realize that sometimes with things like traffic jams, deadlines and unpleasant bosses, "You can't fight. You can't flee. You have to learn how to flow." 请记住:随着时间的推移,优先要做的事会有所改变. "孩子会长大,狗会死去,你所优先考虑做的事也会改变. " 根据埃利奥特的观点,控制压力的另一关键因素是"要承认你生活中还有一些棘手的,你几乎无法或完全无法控制的东西——比如经济以及政客们. " 你必须认识到, 有时候像交通阻塞, 最后期限及讨厌的老板这类事情, "你无法抗争, 也无法逃避. 你必须学会如何与之相容. "Unit8 That's the way it should be. Oscar Wilde had it rightwhen he said we ought to give our ability to our work butour genius to our lives. Let's hope our educators answer students' cries for career education, but at the same timelet's ensure that students are prepared for the day whenthey realize their shortsightedness. There's a lot more tolife than a job.这是教育之道.奥斯卡.王尔德说得好:我们应该把我们的才能用于工作,而把我们的天赋投入到生活中去. 我们希望我们的教育工作者能满足学生对职业教育的渴求,但与此同时,我们也要确保学生能为他们认识到自己目光短浅的那一天做好准备.人生的意义远远不止工作.Chinese-EnglishUnit11,她连水也不愿喝一口,更别提留下来吃饭了. (much less)She wouldn't take a drink much less would she stay for dinner.2,他认为我在对他说谎,但实际上我讲的是实话. (whereas) He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling thetruth .3,这个星期你每天都迟到,对此你怎么解释?(account for) How do you account for the fact that you have been late everyday this week.4,他们的利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略. (due to) The increase of their profits is due partly to the theirnew market strategy.5,这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高. (result in) Such measure are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency6,我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力,所以我们只能继续. (pour into)We have to carry on because we have already poured a lotof time and energy into this project.Unit21,(尽管她是家里的独生女,她父母也从不溺爱她.)Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family,she is never babied by her parents.2. (迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会,也没给我打电话作任何解释.)Mike didn't come to the party last night, nor did he callme to give an explanation.3. (坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说,但决不是什么大作家.)The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, buthe is by no means a great writer.4. (他对足球不感兴趣,也从不关心谁赢谁输.)He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins to loses.5. (经理需要一个可以信赖的助手,在他外出时,由助手负责处理问题.)The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.6. (这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲.)This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience.Unit31,你再怎么有经验,也得学习新技术.You are never too experienced to learn new techniques. 2,还存在一个问题,那就是派谁去带领哪里的研究工作. (Use an appositional structure)There remains one problem,namely ,who should be sent to head the research there.3,由于文化的不同,他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难. There relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences.4,虽然他经历浮沉,但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的.Though he has had ups and downs ,I believed all along that he would succeed someday.5,我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法.I have some reservations about the truth of your claim. 6,她长得并不特别高,但是她身材瘦,给人一种个子高的错觉. She isn't particularly tall ,but her slim figure gives an allusion of height.Unit 41.(有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?)It is a great pleasure to meet friends from afar.2. (不管黑猫白猫,能抓住老鼠就是好猫.)It doesn't matter whether the cat is black or white as long as it catches mice.3. (你必须明天上午十点之前把那笔钱还给我.)You must let me have the money back without fail by ten o'clock tomorrow morning.4. (请允许我参加这个项目,我对这个项目非常感兴趣.)Allow me to take part in this project: I am more than a little interested in it.5..(人人都知道他比较特殊:他来去随意.)Everyone knows that he is special:He is free to come andgo as he pleases.6. (看她脸上不悦的神色,我觉得她似乎有什么话想跟我说.) Watching the unhappy look on her face,I felt as though she wishes to say something to me.Unit 51.(他说话很自信,给我留下了很深的印象.)He spoke confidently,which impressed me most.2. (我的父亲太爱忘事,总是在找钥匙.)My father is so forgetful that he is always looking for his keys. 3. (我十分感激你给我的帮助.)I'm very grateful to you for all the help you have given me. 4. (光线不足,加上地面潮湿,使得驾驶十分困难.)The bad light,coupled with the wet ground,made driving very difficult.5. (由于缺乏资金,他们不得不取消了创业计划.)Being starved of funds,they had to cancel their plan to start a business.6. (每当有了麻烦,他们总是依靠我们)They always lean on us whenever they are in trouble.Unit 61.(就像机器需要经常运转一样,身体也需要经常锻炼.) (Just) as a machine needs regular running, so does the body need regular exercise.2.(在美国学习时,他学会了弹钢琴.)He learned to play the piano while studying in the United States.3. (令我们失望的是,他拒绝了我们的邀请.)To our disappointment, he turned down our invitation. 4.(真实情况是,不管是好是坏,随着新科技的进步,世界发生了变化.) The reality is that, for better or worse, the world has changed with advance of new technologies.5. (我班里的大多数女生在被要求回答问题时都似乎感到不自在.) Most of the female students in my class appear to be ill at ease when (they are) required to answer questions.6. (当地政府负责运动会的安全.)The local government took charge of the security for the sports meeting.Unit 71.(在会上除了其他事情,他们还讨论了目前的经济形势.)At the meeting they discussed, among other things, the present economic situation.2.(我对大自然了解得越多,就越痴迷于大自然的奥秘.)The more I learned about the nature,the more absorbed I became in its mystery.3.(医生建议说,有压力的人要学会做一些新鲜有趣,富有挑战性的事情,好让自己的负面情绪有发泄的渠道.)The doctor recommends that those stressed people should try something new,interesting and challenging in order to give their negative feelings an outlet.4. (那个学生的成绩差,但老师给他布置了更多的作业,而不是减少作业量.)The teacher gives more homework to the student who has bad grades instead of cutting it down.5.(相比之下,美国的父母更趋向于把孩子的成功归因于天赋.) By contrast,American parents are more likely to attribute their children's success to natural talent6.(教师首先要考虑的事情之一是唤起学生的兴趣激发他们的创造性.)One of a teacher's priorities is to stimulate students' interests and their creativity.Unit 81. (她一点儿也不知道这幅画有一天居然会价值 100 多万美金.) Little did she know that this picture would one daybe worth more than a million dollars.2. (虽然我理解你说的话,但是我不同意你在这个问题上的看法.) While I understand what you say, I don't agree with you on the issue.3. (我认为警察的职责就是保护人民.)I think the police are meant to protect people.4. (昨天我去看他,却发现他已于几天前出国了.)I went to see him yesterday, only to find that he had gone abroad several days before.5. (在每周例会上,每个人的发言都不能偏离会议议题.)At the weekly meeting, everyone must confine their remarks to the subject.6.(要是我没说那些愚蠢的话该多好!那时我太年轻,不能明辨是非.) If only I hadn't said those silly words! I was too young then to distinguish right from wrong.English- ChineseUnit11.I don't think that he would commit robbery ,muchless would he commit Violent robbery.我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了.2. Men earn ten dollars an hour on average ,whereas womenonly seven dollars.男工平均工资每小时 10 美元,而女工才每小时 7 美元.3.Once the balance in nature is disburbed ,it will result in a number of unforeseeable effect.自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响. 4.The final examination is close at hand ; you 'd better spend more time reading.期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书.5.What is interesting is that consumers find it increasingly difficult to dientify the nationality of certain brands. This is due partly to globalization and partly to changes in the location of production. 有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国.其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化.6.A recent survey showed that women account fot 40percent of the total workforce. 最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的 40%.Unit21. They persisted in carrying out the project despite the fact that it had proved unworkable at the very beginning. 尽管那项计划一开始就证明是不切实际的,但是他们还是坚持要实施.2. I could not persuade him to accept the plan ,nor couldI make him see its importance . 我无法说服他接受这项计划,也无法使他认识到这项计划的重要性.3. How did you manage to pack so many things into such a small suitcase 你是怎么把那么多东西塞进这个小行李箱的?4. He is completely indifferent to what others think of him . 别人对他怎么看,他全不在意.5. May I point out that you have made a small mistake. 我能否指出你犯了个小错误.6. His mother asked him to drive slowly , but he never took any notice of her words. 他母亲让他开车慢一点儿,但是他从不把她的话放在心上.Unit31.A person is never too young to receive the clear message that the law is to be taken seriously . 应尽早告知年轻人:必须认真对待法律.2.H e 's now faced with an important decision that can affect his entire future. 他现在面临一个重要决定,这个决定可能会影响他的整个前程.3.You must be clam and confident even when things are attheir worst . 即使在情况最糟糕的时候,你也必须保持镇静和信心.4.The success of a relationship has a lot to do with how compatible two people are and how well they communicate. 人际关系的成功与否与双方相处是否融洽以及交流是否顺畅有很大关系.5.He was attacked and sustained severe injuries from which he subsequently died. 他受到袭击,身受重伤,随后不治而亡.6. He behaved ,at least on the surface , like a normal person. 他的举止至少在表面上像个正常人.Unit 4.1.It is getting harder these days for a man with only a secondary education to get a good job. 现如今,仅仅受过中等教育的人要想找份好工作越来越难了.2.As long as the green hills last ,there 'll aways be wood to burn. 留得青山在,不怕没柴烧.3.If you are not satisfied with your purchase,we will be more than happy to give your money back you. 如果你对所购货品不满意,我们将很乐意退款.4.We are thankful for the beauty of this great land ,which has welcomed so many to its shores across. 我们对这块伟大的土地所带来的美丽心怀感激之情,多年来这块土地迎接了如此多的人来海滩上游览.5.To the teacher 's surprise, no one wolunteered for the posion of monitor. 让老师吃惊的是,没有人资源当班长.6.The dog continued to wait for its master at the station without fail until its own dead two years later. 那条狗一直呆在火车站等候主人,直到两年后死去.Unit51.The plane may be sveral hours late,in which case there's no point in out waiting . 飞机可能晚点几个小时,在那种情况下我们再等就没有任何意义了.2.George so often told stories that were unture that no one believed him when he told about the high grade he got in the exam. 乔治常常说谎,因此当他说自己考试得了高分时没人相信他.3.All was slient except for the small factory factory fairly close at hand ,somewhere down by the crossroad . 除了附近那家位于十字路口的小工厂,一切都静悄悄的.4.People starved of sleep may find it difficult to focus their minds on what they are doing . 缺乏睡眠的人会感到很难集中精力干活.5.I arranged to pick up Mr.Clarke at the airport and take him to his hotel. 我安排人去机场接克拉克先生,然后带他去宾馆.6.The tourists cried out of joy upon reaching the peak of the mountain. 一到达山顶,游客们都高兴得大叫起来.Unit61.Just as table tennis is to the chinese ,so is football to Italians. 足球之于意大利人,就像乒乓球之于中国人.2. The teacher does not rush the dass toward a decision at this point ,but asks them to think very carefully before making up their minds. 老师没有急着要求全班同学立刻作决定,而是让他们仔细考虑后再下决定.3.I don't know what the drink was and I had that much ;then the lads had to see me home because I was more or less drunk. 我不知道那是什么饮料,我喝了那么多;后来那些小伙子只能送我回家,因为多少有醉了.4.Windy days are characteristic of March in the north of china. 在中国北方,三月份多风.5.Even so ,the government has approved a6.2 percent increase in total spending. 尽管如此,政府已经同意再增加6.2%的总支出. rmation,defined as knowledge conveyed to the mind by a statement of fact,can take many forms. 信息可定义为通过陈述事实向大脑传达的知识,它可以有多种形式.Unit71.His research is concerned,among other things with the battle against AIDS in the developing countries. 除了其他内容,他的研究还涉及到发展中国家反对艾滋病的斗争.2.These people are made aware that the better the service is ,the more they will earn. 这些人明白了服务越好,他们就挣没有得越多.3.Although her father seemed anxious and worried ,Susan did not perceive any change in his looks or ways. 尽管父亲似乎忧虑不安,但苏珊并没有看出他在表情和行为上有任何变化.4.The amount of financial aid offered has become more central to students' decisions about which school to attend. 能获得多少经济资助已成为决定学生上哪所学校更重要的因素.5.She's already cut down on going out and buying clothes,but she doesn't have enough money to star paying off the debt. 虽然她已经减少了外出和买衣服的花费,但她还是没钱开始还债. 控制压力的方法之一要认识到生活中有很多事情是我们所无法掌控的.Unit81.Little did I think five years ago that I would be sitting here today studying English with so many students coming from all over the world . 今天我会与这么多来自世界各地的学生坐在一起学习英语,这种事情五年前我几乎不会想到.2.While this position offers you honor and power ,it imposes on you a great responsibility. 虽然这个职位给你带来了荣誉和权力,但同时它也赋予了你巨大的责任.3.In the long run the race between food production and population growth remains too hard to slove easily. 从长远看,粮食生产和人口增长之间的竞争难以轻易解决.4.Sometimes we find ourselves climbing the ladder of success, only to find that the ladder is leaning against the wrong wall. 有时我们发现自己在攀登成功的阶梯,结果却发现阶梯靠在错误的墙上.5.The new program is meant to put young people on a fast track to management careers. 新计划是为了让年轻人快速走上管理岗位.6.The ambitious young man wanted very much to achieve something to make his parents proud of him. 这个年轻人志向高远,他非常希望能有所成就以让父母感到骄傲.。

Unit 1An impressive English lesson1 If I am the only parent who still corrects his child's English, then perhaps my son is right. To him, I am a tedious oddity: a father he is obliged to listen to and a man absorbed in the rules of grammar, which my son seems allergic to.2 I think I got serious about this only recently when I ran into one of my former students, fresh from an excursion to Europe. "How was it?" I asked, full of earnest anticipation.3 She nodded three or four times, searched the heavens for the right words, and then exclaimed, "It was, like, whoa!"4 And that was it. The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture were captured in a condensed non-statement. My student's "whoa!" was exceeded only by my head-shaking distress.5 There are many different stories about the downturn in the proper use of English. Surely students should be able to distinguish between their/there/they're or the distinctive difference between complimentary and complementary. They unfairly bear the bulk of the criticism for these knowledge deficits because there is a sense that they should know better.6 Students are not dumb, but they are being misled everywhere they look and listen. For example, signs in grocery stores point them to the stationary, even though the actual stationery items — pads, albums and notebooks —are not nailed down. Friends and loved ones often proclaim they've just ate when, in fact, they've just eaten. Therefore, it doesn't make any sense to criticize our students.7 Blame for the scandal of this language deficit should be thrust upon our schools, which should be setting high standards of English language proficiency. Instead, they only teach a little grammar and even less advanced vocabulary. Moreover, the younger teachers themselves evidently have little knowledge of these vital structures of language because they also went without exposure to them. Schools fail to adequately teach the essential framework of language, accurate grammar and proper vocabulary, while they should take the responsibility of pushing the young onto the path of competent communication.8 Since grammar is boring to most of the young students, I think that it must be handled delicately, step by step. The chance came when one day I was driving with my son. As we set out on our trip, he noticed a bird in jerky flight and said, "It's flying so unsteady." I carefully asked, "My son, how is the bird flying?" "What's wrong? Did I say anything incorrectly?" He got lost. "Great! You said incorrectly instead of incorrect. We use adverbs to describe verbs. Therefore, it's flying so unsteadily but not so unsteady."9 Curious about my correction, he asked me what an adverb was. Slowly, I said, "It's a word that tells you something about a verb." It led to his asking me what a verb was. I explained, "Verbs are action words; for example, Dad drives the truck. Drive is the verb because it's the thing Dad is doing."10 He became attracted to the idea of action words, so we listed a few more: fly, swim, dive, run. Then, out of his own curiosity, he asked me if other words had names for their use and functions. This led to a discussion of nouns, adjectives, and articles. Within the span of a 10-minute drive, he had learned from scratch to the major parts of speech in asentence. It was painless learning and great fun!11 Perhaps, language should be looked upon as a road map and a valuable possession: often study the road map (check grammar) and tune up the car engine (adjust vocabulary). Learning grammar and a good vocabulary is just like driving with a road map in a well-conditioned car.12 The road map provides the framework and guidance you need for your trip, but it won't tell you exactly what trees or flowers you will see, what kind of people you will encounter, or what types of feelings you will be experiencing on your journey. Here, the vocabulary makes the journey's true colors come alive! A good vocabulary enables you to enjoy whatever you see as you drive along. Equipped with grammar and a good vocabulary, you have flexibility and excellent control. While the road map guides your journey to your destination, an excellent vehicle helps you to fully enjoy all of the sights, sounds and experiences along the way.13 Effective, precise, and beneficial communication depends upon grammar and a good vocabulary, the two essential assets for students, but they are not being taught in schools.14 Just this morning, my son and I were eating breakfast when I attempted to add milk to my tea. "Dad," he said, "If I were you, I wouldn't do that. It's sour."15 "Oh my!" I said, swelling with pride toward my son, "That's a grammatically perfect sentence. You used were instead of was."16 "I know, I know," he said with a long agreeable sigh. "It's the subjunctive mood."17 I was, like, whoa!Translation一堂难忘的英语课1 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。

2nd Assignment (Differences betw. E & C in Syntax)1. He made an attempt to square his shoulders which did not succeed.他想挺起胸来，可就是挺不起来。

2. From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. （人称与物称)一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地受到关怀与照顾。

3. The sight of those fields of stubble and turnips, now his own, gave him many secret joys.（静态与动态）V ersion 1:田野里都属于他的萝卜、麦秆的景色给了他许多暗喜。

V ersion 2：看着四周的田野，有道种着萝卜，有的留着残余的麦秆，如今都成了自己的财产，他心里暗暗得意。

评析：原文中只有一个动词gave, 但在version2中，出现了看、种、留、成、得意五个动词。

4. With the credit card it is unnecessary to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies.有了这种信用卡，就无需随身携带大量现金，而且在急需用钱时非常有用。

评析：原句中in emergencies是抽象词语，译成汉语时应用形象词语“急需用钱”。

(具体与抽象)5. The car sped passed before I could see clearly who was inside.我还没看清车里坐的是谁，它就一下开过去了。

（在我能看清谁在车里之前，车就很快开过去了。

1.The dinner partyI first heard this tale in India, where is told as if true -- though any naturalist would know it couldn't be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down.The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests -- officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist -- in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven't."A woman's reaction in any crisis," the major says, "is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts."The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy's eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room.Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors.The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing -- bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters -- the likeliest place -- but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left -- under the table.His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone."I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred -- that's five minutes -- and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready?"The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying "...two hundred and eighty..." when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut."You were right, Major!" the host exclaims. "A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control.""Just a minute," the American says, turning to his hostess. "Mrs. Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?"A faint smile lights up the woman's face as she replies: "Because it was crawling across my foot." UNIT 2-1一场关于男人是否比女人勇敢的激烈的讨论以一个意外的方式。

第二册课后段落翻译参考答案Unit 1 (p.20)To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English. Unit 2 (p.48)With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year. We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly / academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction.Unit 3 (p. 77)George, the son of Mr. Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep. Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference. They called Mr. Johnson to tell him in a frank manner what they were thinking. Mr. Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue. As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you? You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement.”In the end George traded his CDs for computer games software from his classmates.Unit 4 (p. 104)Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer. I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier. I can write, submit and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news. But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times. The system may crash. Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret.Unit 5 (p. 148)Numerous facts bear out the argument / statement / claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry. You needn’t / don’t have to be ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears.Consider the case of / Take Donna. Her son unfortunately died in a car accident. The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry. She said, “It was not until twoweeks later that I began to cry. And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.”Unit 6 (p. 175)Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at MIT. She craves knowledge and works hard. However, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on campus. Men and women professors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather selective. It was ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institutions of higher education. When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight. So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President. The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equity advocate.Unit 7 (p. 202)Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people, linguistics believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing. As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.Unit 8 (p. 228)This village was once famous for its beautiful natural surroundings. All the year round, the trees were green and the flowers in bloom. Clear streams flowed out of the hills through a checkerboard of rice fields. Birds sang all day, and deer came and went in a leisurely manner. However, with the coming of DDT and other pesticides, an evil spell seemed to have settled over the village. Misfortunes came one after another. Chicken died suddenly, cattle and sheep were stricken by mysterious maladies, and farmers complained about a sickening feeling that puzzled the village doctor. The village square, once throbbing with life, was now deserted.。

Unit 2England before the industrial Revolution工业革命前的英国状况The country was a place（乡村）where men worked f rom dawn to dark, and the labourer lived not in the sun, but in poverty and darkness.在乡村，人们从早到晚都在不停的干活，这些在田野间劳作的人们，并非沐浴在阳光之下，而是生活在贫困和黑暗之中。

The country a place : 是表语，表达主语的性质，功能，特点Work : avoid ambiguity from dawn to dark :aliiteration 从早到晚the labourer : 在田间劳作的人们lived in the sun : 沐浴在阳光下but in poverty and darkness. 穷困潦倒，暗无天日What aids there were to lighten labour were immemorial, like the mill, whichThere were what aids to lighten labour 整个句子主语（系表结构）was already ancient in Chaucer’s time.能够减轻人体力劳动力的机器早就有了。

例如：磨坊，早在乔叟的年代就不是什么新鲜的事了(乔叟13世纪中后期)。

Definition 下定义法What aids: n. 什么帮助lighten labour ---lessen 减轻劳动immemorial ：不知道从哪个年代都有了The mill：磨坊was already ancient in + 时间time ：在某个时代早就不是什么新鲜事了The industrial revolution began with such machines; the millrights were the engineers of t he coming age.这些机器都标志着工业革命的开始；这些最早搭建磨坊的工匠们，就成为工业革命时代的缔造者。

2017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题Section I Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blankand mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is nodifferent ， with academics， writers， and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will bedefined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital ， and the masses willstruggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort， one 4 by purposelessness： Without jobs to give theirlives 5 ， people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6today ’ s unemployed don ’ t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression， double therate for 7 Americans. Also， some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality ， mental-health problems， and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-agedpeople is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizingdullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without workwould be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the12 of being unemployedin a society built on the concept of employment. In the13 of work ， a society designed with other ends in mind could14 strikingly different circumstances for thefuture of labor and leisure. Today， the15 of work may be a bit overblown.“ Many jobs are boring， degrading， unhealthy ， and a waste of human potential，” saysJohn Danaher， a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days， because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers， peopleuse their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs.“ When I come home from a hard day’，s wI o rkften feel18 ，” Danaher says，adding ，“ In a world in which I don’ thave to work ， I might feel rather different”perhaps—different enough to throw himself19 a hobby or a passionproject with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.[A] boasting[B] denying[C] warning[D] ensuring2.[A] inequality [B] instability[C] unreliability[D] uncertainty3.[A] policy[B]guideline[C] resolution[D] prediction4.[A] characterized[B]divided[C] balanced[D]measured5.[A] wisdom[B] meaning[C] glory[D] freedom6.[A] Instead[B] Indeed[C] Thus[D] Nevertheless7.[A] rich[B] urban[C]working[D] educated8.[A] explanation[B] requirement[C] compensation [D] substitute9.[A] under[B] beyond[C] alongside[D] among10.[A] leave behind[B] make up[C] worry about[D] set aside11.[A] statistically[B] occasionally[C] necessarily[D] economically12.[A] chances[B] downsides[C] benefits[D] principles13.[A] absence[B] height[C] face[D] course14.[A] disturb[B] restore[C] exclude[D] yield15.[A] model[B] practice[C] virtue[D] hardship16.[A] tricky[B] lengthy[C] mysterious[D] scarce17.[A] demands[B] standards[C] qualities[D] threats18.[A] ignored[B] tired[C] confused[D] starved19.[A] off[B] against[C] behind[D] into20.[A] technological[B] professional [C] educational[D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten yearsago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run －up to 2012－ but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. Theethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in theplanning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－ making sure there is space for playing fields and themoney to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do moreto provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularityB．created many jobsC．strengthened community tiesD．become an official festival22.The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____.A．boost population growthB．promote sport participationC．improve the city's imageD．increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talentsB．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitismD．does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____. A．organize "grassroots" sports eventsB．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubsD．invest in public sports facilities25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____. A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’ s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget abouttheir own screen use.“ Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Ra in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximalengagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into thefamily routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by givingmother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devicesduring the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbalinteractions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phonesbecame a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emailswhile the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents faces’to try to understand their world, and ifthose faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in adevice－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “ stillface experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. Init, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on ablank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomesincreasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’ s attention. "Parents don' have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance andparents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child ’verbals or nonverbalexpressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use ofscreens are born out of an“ oppressive ideology thatndsdematht parents shouldalways be interacting” with their children:“ It ’ s based on a somewhat fantasized, v white, very upper-middle- class ideology that says if you’ re failing to expose your childto 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronickesthatbelievjust because a childisn ’ t learning from the screen doesn’ t mean there’－sparticularlynovaluetoifititgives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break fromtheir child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to afriend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which letsthen be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.A．simplify routine mattersB．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relationsD．increase work efficiency’ use of devices ______.27. Radesky ’ s -foodtesting exercise shows thatmothers A．takes away babies ’ appetiteB．distracts children’ s attentionC．slows down babies’ verbal developmentD．reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky ’ s cites the“ still face experiment” to show that _______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents ’ mood D．parentsneed to respond to children's emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______. A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their childrenD．remain concerned about kid's use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid’ s use of screens may_______.A．give their parents some free timeB．make their parents more creativeC．help them with their homeworkD．help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn t academic’.But while this may be true, it ’nots a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “raceto the finish line, whether”that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－ in fact, it probably enhances it. Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes－ all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students endup changing their majors at least once. This isn ’surprising,t considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to anotherafter taking college classes. It ’nots necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____. A．they think it academically misleadingB．they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC．it feels strange to do differently from othersD．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____. A．keep students from being unrealisticB．lower risks in choosing careersC．ease freshmen ’ s financial burdensD．relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word “ acclimation（Line”8, Para. 3） is closest in meaningto_____. A．adaptationB．applicationC．motivationD．competition34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.A．avoid academic failuresB．establish long-term goalsC．switch to another collegeD．decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be_____.A．In Favor of the Gap YearB．The ABCs of the Gap YearC．The Gap Year Comes BackD．The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires － nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work － such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are goinginto construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federaldollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“ It ’alreadys a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the wholecountry, he” says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like,“ Wait a minute, this OK?”“ Dowe want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower- hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today viewsfire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the pastdecade, the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth fromgreenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’ t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“ The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactionsgo both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an overlysimplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and ofwhat the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be whollycontrolled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the Universityof Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitudecrucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“ We’ vedisconnected ourselves from living with fire, ”Balch says. “ It is reallyimportant to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection withfire today. ”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they_____.A．exhausted unprecedented management effortsB．consumed a record-high percentage of budgetC．severely damaged the ecology of western statesD．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37.Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.A．raise more funds for fire-prone areasB．avoid the redirection of federal moneyC．find wildfire-free parts of the landscapeD．guarantee safer spending of public funds38.While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.A．public debates have not settled yetB．fire-fighting conditions are improvingC．other factors should not be overlookedD．a shift in the view of fire has taken place39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____. A．discover the fundamental makeup of natureB．explore the mechanism of the human systemsC．maximize the role of landscape in human lifeD．understand the interrelations of man and nature40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.A．do away withB．come to terms withC．pay a price forD．keep away fromPart BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly fromDonald Trump. "We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades,and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: insteadof having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite tradecompetition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages. "They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that arealso doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flusteredby the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love workingwith tools. I love creating." he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency forwestern Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortagesfirst appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,"says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't needto have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is."Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennialsinto manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says.[A]says that he switched to electricalengineering because he loves workingwith tools 。

新概念英语第二册课文及翻译Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily(状语). They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily. ‘It’s none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'.上星期我去看戏。

我的座位很好，戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。

一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后，大声地说着话。

我非常生气，因为我听不见演员在说什么。

我回过头去怒视着那一男一女，他们却毫不理会。

最后，我忍不住了，又一次回过头去，生气地说：“我一个字也听不见了！”“不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说，“这是私人间的谈话！”【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】生词和短语★private adj.私人的it's my private letter/house ；美式英语private school:私立学校英式英语：公学 ETON (private school)privacy：隐私 it's a privacy. adj.]《Private Ryan》 private soldier：大兵private life：私生Letter n. 首字母public：公众的，公开的public school ； public letter 公开信；public place :公共场所★conversation n.谈话 uni verse转动 uniformUni--bi--tri--quar-pent-sex/hex-sept-oct-nov---decBilateral trade 双边贸易 triangle quarter pentagon sex<古罗马历法 10个月---12凯撒大帝 julis---July 七月屋大维 augusto--August 八月September九月(原七月）---septwolvesOctober 十月（原八月）---octopusNovemberDecember---- decadesubject of conversation：话题《辨析： conversation, dialogue, talk, chat这些名词均含“交谈”之意。

Unit1中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术、是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。

中国书法艺术的形成，发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。

汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。

书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有“字如其人”的说法。

中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。

Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers’ personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, t hus there is an expression that “seeing the calligrapher’s handwriting is like seeing the person”. As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world’s treasure house of culture and art.Unit2近年来，随着互联网技术的发展，我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。

新视野⼤学英语读写教程第⼆版第⼆册课⽂翻译【1-10单元全】UNIT 5 SECTION A我为⼥⼉抽烟哭泣我的⼥⼉会抽烟。

她做家庭作业时，脚搁在前⾯的长凳上，计算机嗒嗒地跳出⼏何题的答案。

我看着那包已抽了⼀半、她随意扔在紧靠⼿边处的骆驼牌⾹烟。

我拿起⾹烟，⾛到厨房⾥去仔细察看，那⾥的光线好⼀点——谢天谢地，那是有过滤嘴的。

可我⼼⾥却感到⼗分难过。

我想哭。

事实上，站在炉⼦旁边, 我确实哭过。

我⼿⾥捏着⼀⽀雪⽩雪⽩的⾹烟，制作得⾮常精致。

那可是会致我⼥⼉于死地的东西啊。

当她抽?万宝路?及?运动员?牌⾹烟时，我硬起⼼肠, 不让⾃⼰感到难过。

我认识的⼈当中没有哪个抽过这两种牌⼦的⾹烟。

她不知道我⽗亲、也就是她外公⽣前抽的就是骆驼牌⾹烟。

但是在他开始抽机制卷烟之前——那时他很年轻、也很穷，但眼睛炯炯有神——他抽的是⽤阿尔伯特亲王牌烟丝⾃⼰⼿⼯卷制的⾹烟。

我还记得那鲜红的烟丝罐头，上⾯有⼀张维多利亚⼥王的丈夫阿尔伯特亲王⾝穿⿊⾊燕尾服、⼿拿⼀⽀⼿杖的图⽚。

到40年代末、50年代初，我的家乡佐治亚州的伊腾顿镇上已没有⼈再⾃⼰⼿⼯制作卷烟了（⽽且⼏乎没有⼥⼈抽烟）。

烟草业，再加上好莱坞电影——影⽚中的男⼥主⾓都是⽼烟⿁——把像我⽗亲那样的⼈完完全全争取了过去, 他们⽆可救药地抽烟上了瘾。

然⽽我⽗亲看上去从来就没有像阿尔伯特亲王那样时髦。

他还是⼀个贫穷、过于肥胖、为养活⼀⼤家⼈⽽拼命⼲活的男⼈。

他浑⾝漆⿊，嘴⾥却总叼着⼀⽀雪⽩的⾹烟。

我记不清⽗亲是什么时候开始咳嗽的, 也许开始时并不明显, 他早晨⼀下床点燃第⼀⽀⾹烟时才有点微咳。

到我16岁, 也就是我⼥⼉现在这般年龄时，他⼀呼吸就呼哧呼哧的，让⼈感到不安；他上楼时每⾛三、四级楼梯就得停下来休息⼀会⼉。

他常常⼀连咳上⼀个来⼩时。

肺病把我⽗亲折磨得虚弱不堪, ⼀个严冬，他死于被叫做?穷⼈的朋友?的疾病—肺炎。

他咳嗽了这么多年，我想他的肺部已没有什么完好的地⽅了。

去世前⼏年，他的呼吸已经很虚弱了，他总得倚靠着某个东西。

Unit 1Active reading (1)大学已经不再特别了1 有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20 世纪60 年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。

”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。

但是，20 世纪60 年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。

20 世纪60 年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。

然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。

1966 年，罗纳德·里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、持不一意见的少数人征服。

”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、持不同意见的少数人。

3 在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情地投入到自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。

许多抗议是针对越南战争的。

可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致了戴高乐总统辞职。

4 20 世纪60 年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。

不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。

你往往得上了大学才得以阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米·亨德里克斯或伦尼·布鲁斯的志同道合者。

那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。

5 可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。

当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。

例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010 年让50％的30 岁以下的人上大学的目标，（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。

不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。

Unit1美国人认为没有人能停止不前。

如果你不求进取，你就会落伍。

这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。

时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一要素是劳力。

人们一直说：“只有时间才能支配我们。

”人们似乎把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待。

我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。

时间是一种宝贵的资源，许多人都深感人生的短暂。

时光一去不复返。

我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。

外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙──常常处于压力之下。

城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。

白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。

人们认为工作时间是宝贵的。

在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人尽快吃完，以便他们也能及时用餐，你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。

你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。

不要觉得这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们都非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。

许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜访等场合开始时的寒暄。

他们也会怀念那种一边喝茶或喝咖啡一边进行的礼节性交流，这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。

他们也许还会怀念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。

一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。

既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。

因此，时间老是在我们心中滴滴答答地响着。

因此，我们千方百计地节约时间。

我们发明了一系列节省劳力的装置；我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。

虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间，尤其是在马路上交通拥挤的时候。

[新概念第二册课文]新概念第二册(1) [新概念第二册]新概念第二册7课课文新概念第二册7课课文原文：Lesson 7 Too late为时太晚The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning.They were expecting a valuable parcel ofdiamonds from South Africa.A few hours earlier,someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds.When the plane arrived,some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House.While two detectives were keeping guard at the door,two others opened the parcel.To their surprise,the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!参考译文飞机误点了,侦探们在机场等了整整一上午.他们正期待从南非来的一个装着钻石的贵重包裹.数小时以前,有人向警方报告,说有人企图偷走这些钻石.当飞机到达时,一些侦探等候在主楼内,另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上.有两个人把包裹拿下飞机,进了海关.这时两个侦探把住门口,另外两个侦探打开了包裹.令他们吃惊的是,那珍贵的包裹里面装的全是石头和沙子!新概念第二册7课课文解析：1.。