高级英语第三单元的中文翻译

牛津高中英语模块三三篇reading翻译WORD格式--可编写牛津高中英语模块三的三篇reading的翻译雾雾警报那一天早受骗波莉走开家，城市已经被一层灰色的薄雾覆盖。

在午饭时间，收音机天气预告员报导薄雾在下午会变为浓雾。

四点钟，波莉走动工作，踏入雾中。

她怀疑巴士能否仍旧在运转。

没有去国王街的巴士她一出来在大街上，就迅速走向她过去的泊车站。

“你要去的地方有多远？〞巴士售票员问她。

“国王街。

〞波莉回复。

“对不起，小姐。

〞男人回复，“事实上，雾太浓了以致于巴士不可以行驶那么远。

坐地铁列车去绿色花园，那边的天气或许会好一点，并且你或许能够在哪儿拦到一辆出租车。

〞一个高大的男人当波莉察看地铁上的乘客时，她注意到她被一个衣着黑色外衣的高大男人盯着。

最后，列车抵达了绿色花园车站。

当其余的乘客下车，她审视了四周人的脸，四周都找不到那个高大男人。

脚步声波莉到了车站出口，那边空无一人。

外面的雾像一朵厚厚的灰云。

在权力范围内一个人都没有。

波莉朝着公园街出发。

当她沿着街走时，她听到了脚步声，但是等到她抵达街道拐角处，脚步声不见了。

忽然，波莉感觉一只粗拙的手轻拂过她的脸，她听到一个男人的声音在她耳边说：“对不起。

〞男人走开了。

她能感觉到心脏带着惧怕的跳动声。

乐于助人的陌生人而后她再次听到了这个声音——在她后边轻轻的脚步声。

一分钟前，她希望有个人和她一同走。

此刻她想要跑，可是惧怕使她一动不动。

此刻脚步声仿佛凑近了。

而后一个男人的声音从黑暗中传来：“有人在那边吗？〞波莉顿了顿，最后她说：“你好，我想我迷路了。

〞几分钟后，一只手伸了出来并且遇到了她的手臂。

波莉发现她自己仰头凝望着一个手逗留在她的手臂上站立着的男人。

她看到的是一张老人的脸。

“或许我能帮助你，你要去哪里？〞他问。

“我住在国王街86号。

〞波莉回复。

“尽管抓住我的手。

〞男人说，“随着我走。

你会没事的。

〞他抓住波莉的手：“留神这里的台阶。

〞---牛津高中英语模块三三篇reading翻译WORD格式--可编写在他的此外一只手上男人拿着一根手杖。

Unit 3 Festivals and customsReadingAlex around the worldAlex环游世界10 January,a wedding ceremony,India1月10日，婚礼，印度When Nadim invited me to his sister's wedding,I knew it would be the opportunity of a lifetime.I was definitely not wrong！纳迪姆邀请我参加他姐姐的婚礼时，我就知道这将是千载难逢的机会。

我绝对没有搞错!The wedding ceremony took place in a brightly decorated hotel room.There were hundreds of guests,all dressed up in formal,colourful clothes.According to tradition,the bride was wearing an eye—catching red silk sari.婚礼在一个装饰亮丽的酒店房间里举行。

来了数百名客人，他们都穿着正式的、色彩艳丽的服装。

按照传统，新娘要穿着耀眼的红绸纱丽。

I did not understanding all of the traditional customs,but a few made a deep impression on me.One was the bridegroom's entrance on a beautiful white horse.I had never seen that back home!Another was the part when Nadim's father proudly led his daughter through the rows of seats to her husband.It remindedme of my sister's wedding.Although our cultures are so different,the smiling faces are the same.不是所有的传统习俗我都了解，但是一些给我留下了深刻的印象。

lesson6 ⼀个好机会 Lesson Six A Good Chance 我到鸭溪时，喜鹊没在家，我和他的妻⼦阿⽶莉亚谈了谈。

When I got to Crow Creek， Magpie was not home. I talked to his wife Amelia. “我要找喜鹊，”我说，“我给他带来了好消息。

”我指指提着的箱⼦，“我带来了他的诗歌和⼀封加利福尼亚⼤学的录取通知书，他们想让他来参加为印第安⼈举办的艺术课。

” “I need to find Magpie，” I said. “I've really got some good news for him.” I pointed to the briefcase I was carrying. “I have his poems and a letter of acceptance from a University in California where they want him to come and participate in the Fine Arts Program they have started for Indians.” “你知道他还在假释期间吗？” “Do you know that he was on parole？” “这个，不，不⼤清楚。

”我犹豫着说，“我⼀直没有和他联系，但我听说他遇到了些⿇烦。

” “Well， no， not exactly，” I said hesitantly， “I haven't kept in touch with him but I heard that he was in some kind of trouble. 她对我笑笑说：“他已经离开很久了。

你知道，他在这⼉不安全。

他的假释官随时都在监视他，所以他还是不到这⼉来为好，⽽且我们已经分开⼀段时间了，我听说他在城⾥的什么地⽅。

Unit 1FogFog warningWhen Polly left home that morning, the city was already covered in a grey mist. At lunch, the radioforecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. At four o'clock, Polly left work andstepped out into the fog .She wondered if the buses would still be running.No buses to King StreetOnce out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.‘How far are you going? ’ the bus conductor asked her before he took her fare.‘King Street. ’ said Polly.‘Sorry ，Miss ’ replied the man, ‘ the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far. Takethe Underground to Green Park. The weather might be better there and you might be able to geta taxi.’A tall manAs Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by atall man in a dark overcoat. At last the train arrived at Green Park station. While the rest of thepassengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. The tall man was nowhere tobe soon.FootstepsWhen Polly got to the station entrance, it was empty. Outside, wherever she looked the fog lay like athick, grey cloud. There was no one in sight. Polly set off towards Park Street. As she heard aman’ s voice in her ear saying ‘ Sorry. ’d awayTheman.Shemovecould feel her heart beatingwith fear.The helpful strangerThen she heard the sound again-soft footsteps behind her. A minute before, she had wished forsomeone to come along. Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still. The footsteps seemed closenow. Then a man’ s voice came out of the darkness.‘ Is anybody there?’Polly hesitated. At last she answered,‘ Hello, I think I’ m lost.’A few seconds later, a hand reached out and grasped her arm. Polly found herself staring up at theface of an old man with a beard.‘Maybe I can help you. Which road do you want?’ he asked.‘I live at 86 King Street.’ Polly replied.‘Just take my hand.’ said the man.‘Come with me. You’ll be all right.’ He took Polly’s hand.‘ Watch out for the step here.’In his other hand the man carried a stick. Polly heard it hit the step.‘ I can remember some te fogs, but maybe that was before your time. I can’ t see your face, but you sound young. How oldare you?’‘Just twenty. ’ answered Polly.‘Ah, twenty ! A nice age to be. I was young once. Now we’re at the crossroads. Turn left here.’‘I’m quite lost now. Are you sure you know the way? again.’‘Of course. You really shouldn’t feel anxious, The grateful helper’ Polly was beginning to feel frightened ’ He held her hand more firmly.‘Here we are. King Street.’ He stopped.‘Thank you so much for coming to my aid.’ said Polly in relief.‘Would you like to come in andrest for a while?’‘It’s very nice of you.’ said the man,‘but I’ll be off. There may be more today,peopleandlostI ’ d like to help them. You see, a fog this bad is rare. It gives me the chance to pay back the helpthat people give me when it’ s sunny. A blind person like me can’ t get across the road without hel except in a fog like this.’P18ProjectShark attacksThere are nearly 400 different types of sharks, but only about 30 types are known to have attackedhuman beings. Many people know that the most dangerous shark is the great white shark, probablybecause they have seen the film Jaws. However, two other sharks are also rather dangerous: thetiger shark and the bull shark. Contrary to what many people might assume, evidence shows thatsharks seldom attack humans. There are three types of sharkattacks. In the main type, the shark attacks you because it mistakes you for a fish, but when it tasteshuman flesh it decides to give up and swims away. In the second type, the shark pushes you with itsnose to find out if you are fit to be eaten, and then bites you if it thinks you are. In thethird type, the shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you suddenly. The last two types ofattack more often result in the death of humans.To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should follow these suggestions.Do not swim in the dark. Sharks can still see you but you cannot see them.Do not go swimming in the ocean if you have a fresh wound. Sharks can smell blood over a longdistance.Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery, because sharks are attracted to the flash of, coloursand bright objects. Stay in groups, as sharks usually avoid large numbers of people.Recently, shark attacks have been increasing as water sports are becoming more popular. If ashark attacks you, follow the advice below.Keep calm. Do not panic.Hit the shark on the nose with your fist.Stick your finger in the shark's eye.Don't be frightened by sharks: youare 3o times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.The wonderful world of pigeonsIt is night. All is quiet. The soldiers are asleep while a guard watches for theenemy. There is a flash, and the sound of guns! They are being attacked!Hundreds of enemy soldiers rush towards them. They are all going to bekilled unless they get help. What should they do?An officer writes a short message quickly on a small piece of paper:'Being attacked! Hurry!'He rolls up the paper and puts it into a small case, and then reaches into acage and gets a bird. Attaching the message to its leg, he sets the bird loose.It immediately flies into the air and disappears in the dark.Will the bird arrive in time? Will they be saved?Though it may seem hard to believe, the bird the officer uses is the same birdoften seen in public parks--the pigeon. Pigeons have a wonderful sense ofdirection and can find their way home over long distances. Indeed, pigeonshave been known to fly home from as far away as 1,800 kilometres. That iswhy pigeons have been used since ancient times to carry the news or eventhe mail. However, it was in war that they found their greatest use. Duringboth World War I and II, pigeons were employed by armies to carry messagesto and from the front lines, saving the lives of many soldiers and even helpingwin some important victories.How do pigeons find their way? Pigeons appear to have a compass insidethem that tells them which way is north. How this compass works remains amystery. Of course, since a compass alone is not enough to find one's way,they also appear to use their sight and even their sense of smell to tell themwhich way they should go. Unlike humans, they never get lost and canalways find their way home.Unit 2English and its historyAll through history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people broughtto Britain. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.Old English is very different from the English we speak nowadays. In fact, we would not beable to understand it if we heard it today. Before the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic. Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland — the Angles and the Saxons— occupied Britain. Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages. (Both theEnglish language and the English people are named after the Angles; the word Angle was speltEngle in Old English.) Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words becamepart of Old English. At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings, people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway, began to move to Britain. They brought with them their languages, which also mixed with Old English. By the 10th century, Old English had become the official language of England.When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use. This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages, but with similar meanings. For example, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons, while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians.Middle EnglishMiddle English is the name given to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries. Many things played a part in the development of this new type of English. The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as mush asthe Angles and the Saxons ’ victory aboutyears600 earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not replace English as the first language. On the other hand, the English language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in even more words with similar meanings, suchas answer (from Old English) and reply (from Old French). It is interesting to learn how the wordsfor most animals raised for food, such as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English. However,the words for the meat of these animals, which was served to the Normans, came from Old French: beef, mutton, pork and bacon.Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well. In Old English, the Germanic wayof making words plural was used. For example, they said housen instead of houses, and shoen instead of shoes. After the Normans took control, they began using the French way of making plurals, adding an -s to house and shoe. Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms, such asman/men and child/children.After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English. However, by the latter half of the 14th century, English had come into widespread use among all classes in England. In 1399, HenryⅣ became King of England. His mother tongue was English,and he used English for all official events.Modern EnglishModern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century. Because of this Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words. Pronunciation also went through huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the English language. The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer. It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.ProjectThe development Chinese charactersThe Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, ituses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formed byputting together different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up aword. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking athow these characters developed.Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancientstory, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter daywhile he was hunting, he saw the tracks of animals in the snow andobserved that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had theidea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. Thefirst Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some charactershave been simplified and others have been made more difficult over time.However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings intostandard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together.This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the characterused nowadays.Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. Sometimes to express ideas,some characters were made by combining two or more characters together. For example,'rest' was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character 'prisoner' wasformed with a 'man' inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions andnumbers. It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, thecharacters for 'up' and 'down', which are opposites of each other.Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is thatthey do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a method was developedto have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest thepronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way.In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters andnow they have widespread use in China's mainland.The story of BrailleUsually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper. However, this is not always true. For example, blind people cannot see, but they can stillread books.The man who introduced blind people to reading was Louis Braille (1809-1852). Braille lost hiseyesight at the age of three as a result of an injury. When he was ten, he went to a school for theblind in Paris. In those days, books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire to form letters. Since the metal wire was heavy, each book weighed as much as 100 pounds. The whole system was not convenient for use. Indeed, the school library only had fourteen such books in it.In 1821, a soldier visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night during times of battle. His system used paper with small, raised dots that could be felt with the fingers. Each letter of the alphabet was represented by a different pattern which consisted of twelve dots. The soldiers would drag their fingers over the raised dots to read the message. While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use. However, young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on it. At the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six raised dots representing each letter. 'Braille', the system for reading used today by blind people around the world, was thus born.The blind can easily recognize Braille with the fingers. They can also easily write in Braille with a special typewriter. Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing, and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version of Braille for its peopleto use.Unit 3Lost civilizationsDay 1,15 JulyI feel lucky to have won a place on this trip. We are in Italy now, and tomorrow we are visitingPompeii. Next week we are flying to China, and going to Loulan, which is known as China ’ s Pompeiiin the desert. Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations long ago.Day 2,16 JulyThis morning we attended a lecture about Pompeii. The city was founded in the 8th century BC. In89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii. It then became a rich and busy city. Near the city was avolcano. On 24th August AD 79, the volcano erupted and lava, ash and rocks poured out of itonto the surrounding countryside. It continued to erupt for the next two days. Many people wereburied alive, and so was the city. How unfortunate!Day 3,17 JulyToday I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago. How amazing! The citywas forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writingon it. People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage. Thus, in 1860,the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved and studied.When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along theroad so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days! I saw several houses which weredecorated with wall paintings. I also saw the people who had been buried alive. It turns out that afterthe ash covered the people who failed to feel the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down anddisappeared, leaving empty spaces to produce true-to-life figures of the people who had died in thedisaster. You can see them today in Pompeii , in the same place where the people feel.The volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now. It ’ s hard to imagine how this peaceful volcan destroyed the whole city! Day10,24 JulyFinally, we arrived in Loulan after several days of travelling. This commercial city was busy andwealthy about 2,000 years ago. It was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road between the Eastand the west. It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD200 toAD400. I am so excited to be here!Day11,25 JulyAn scholar from the local cultural institute, Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 theEuropean explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom. Seven found theremains of buildings buried beneath the sand, together with a lot of treasures, including coins,painted pots, materials such as silk, documents and wall paintings. When we went to the city, wesaw the city walls, palaces, temples, workshops and towers. We found the ruins most interesting.There was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city. The desert was once agreen land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city from being buried bysand— what a pity!ProjectAncient Greek statue found in XinjiangResearchers announced the discovery of a small statue in northern Xinjiang, China, recently. The metal statue is of a Greek soldier. When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Great ’s influence.Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) was the son of a Greek king who defeated many Greek cities in battle. At the age of twenty, Alexander himself became king after his father died. However, many cities rose up against Alexander, so he led an army to take them back. Though his army had only3,000 troops, he won every battle and many enemy soldiers joined him.In 334 BC, he took his army, now with 42,000 men, into the Middle East and then Egypt, defeating every army that stood in his path. Then he turned his eyes east, and marched all the way to India, finding victory wherever he went. It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world. However, his own army grew tired of endless battles and refused to go any further, so he had to turn back. By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before, and it seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him. Yet, in 323 BC, he came down with a fever and died. Since he had no son, his generals divided his vast kingdom among themselves. Alexander the Great spread the Greek culture from Europe to Africa and Asia, influencing the world for centuries to come. The statue of the Greek soldier found in northern Xinjiang probably came to China in the 4th century BC as a result of trade. Like many other ancient objects that show a Greek influence, it can now be seen in a museum in Urumqi.The father of Western philosophyThe word 'philosophy' means 'love of wisdom'. Philosophy can be thought of as a way of lookingat the world around us, or of answering the great questions of life, such as 'Why are we here?' and'What is truth?'The father of Western philosophy was Socrates (469-399 BC). Socrates was from Athens, in Greece. When he was young, he was a brave soldier. Later, he became a teacher, but he taught for free and earned his salary from being a common worker. Aside from this, we know very little about him. Since he never wrote a book, we also know very little about his philosophy. Yet, Socrates has had a deep influence on Western thought and science. To understand how this can be true, we must understand how Socrates taught. Socrates taught by asking questions. Through this, he challenged his students to develop and explain their own arguments. In many cases, his questions made his students aware of their own errors. Many students got embarrassed and even angry when this happened, while others changed their opinions. Socrates' way of approaching the truth is now called the Socratic Method. The idea of asking questions until you reach the right answer is the basis of modern philosophy and science.Unfortunately for him, Socrates questioned too much. He always asked challenging questions to everyone he met, upsetting many people in Athens. Finally, some people had had enough of him,so they took him to court for questioning the existence of the Greek gods and for corrupting the young people of Athens. At his trial, he defended himself by asking his judges yet more questions.This just made a bad situation worse. Finally he was put to death by being forced to drink poison. Through his death, Socrates became the hero of all people who search for the truth.Appendix I: TranslationUnit 1Reading雾比尔·洛浓雾警报那天早晨波莉离家时，整个城市已笼罩在灰色的薄雾中。

新人教版高中英语课文译文必修三第一单元世界各地的节日Reading 节日和庆典自古以来，世界各地就有各种各样的节日和庆典。

最古老的节日总是庆祝严寒的结束、春季的种植和秋天的收割。

有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。

在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。

现在的节日有很多由来，一些是宗教上的，一些是季节性的，一些是纪念特殊的人和事件的。

亡灵节有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。

在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。

他们还点起灯笼，奏响乐曲，因为他们认为这样做可以把祖先引回到世上。

在墨西哥，亡灵节是在11月初。

在这个重要的节庆日子里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物和装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。

他们向亡者祭献食物、鲜花和礼品。

西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。

万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。

如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。

纪念名人的节日也有纪念名人的节日。

中国的端午节（龙舟节）是纪念古代著名诗人屈原的。

美国的哥伦布日是纪念克里斯托弗.哥伦布发现“新大陆”的日子。

印度在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汉达斯.甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。

庆丰收的节日收获与感恩节是十分喜庆的节日。

越冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了，人们都心怀感激。

在欧洲国家，人们通常用花果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一起聚餐。

有些人还可能因为他们的农产品（参加各种评选）而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。

中国和日本都有中秋节，这时人们会赏月。

在中国，人们还品尝月饼。

春天的节日最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。

中国人过春节要吃饺子、鱼和肉，还要给孩子们送红纸包着的压岁钱。

（他们）舞龙灯、狂欢，全家人聚在一起欢庆阴历年。

在一些西方国家有激动人心的狂欢节，通常在二月，复活节前的四十天。

高级英语上册课文逐句翻译Lesson One Rock Superstars关于我们和我们的社会，他们告诉了我们些什么？What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?摇滚乐是青少年叛逆的音乐。

——摇滚乐评论家约相?罗克韦尔Rock is the music of teenage rebellion.--- John Rockwell, rock music critic知其崇拜何人便可知其人。

——小说家罗伯特?佩恩?沃伦By a man’s heroes ye shall know him.--- Robert Penn Warren, novelist1972年6月的一天，芝加哥圆形剧场挤满了大汗淋漓、疯狂摇摆的人们。

It was mid-June, 1972, the Chicago Amphitheater was packed, sweltering, rocking.滚石摇滚乐队的迈克?贾格尔正在台上演唱“午夜漫步人”。

Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones was singing “Midnight Rambler.”演唱结束时评论家唐?赫克曼在现场。

Critic Don Heckman was there when the song ended.他描述道：“贾格尔抓起一个半加仑的水罐沿舞台前沿边跑边把里面的水洒向前几排汗流浃背的听众。

听众们蜂拥般跟随着他跑，急切地希望能沾上几滴洗礼的圣水。

“Jagger,” he said, “grabs a half-gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform, sprinkling its contents over the first few rows of sweltering listeners. They surge to follow him, eager to be touched by a few baptismal drops”.1973年12月下旬的一天，约1.4万名歌迷在华盛顿市外的首都中心剧场尖叫着，乱哄哄地拥向台前。

B3U3 READING & THINKINGDIVERSE CULTURES多样文化Today was my first day back in San Francisco after camping in the Redwood Forest and visiting the wine country of Napa Valley. I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again. And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906. There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge.今天是我在红木森林露营并且游览纳帕谷酒乡后回到旧金山的第一天。

我不得不承认再次回到城里的感觉真的很好。

多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座在1906年发生地震后能够自我重建的城市。

有那么多美丽的古建筑——许多坐落于大山之巅，可从这里看到城市、大海和金门大桥的美景。

My hotel is near downtown, in the Mission District, one of the oldest parts of the city. Many of the people living here are from Mexico or Central America. This district used to be a poor area of town, but is now a centre for art, music, and food. In fact, an art movement called the “Mission School”started here.It's influenced by graffiti art and comic art. I walked around looking at the street art for a few hours. It was quite modern and lively. Afterwards, I ate some delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles from a food truck. A real mix of cultures here!我住的旅馆在市中心附近，位于教会区，是这个城市最古老的街区之一。

bec高级报名_bec高级unit3课文翻译第三单元人在旅途课文一美国来鸿：地铁札记沙希·塔鲁尔旅美期间，我生活中最大的惊喜之一莫过于纽约地铁了。

实际上，我已经开始逐渐享受它了。

1989年当我第一次搬来纽约时，好心的朋友们提醒我要远离这早已八旬高龄的地铁——不论是在当地居民还是在过往游客中，它都臭名昭著，被公认为是号称“不睡城”的最堵心、最危险的交通工具。

然而，它也是最快速且最经济的交通工具。

怀揣着这个难题，我开始了自己的“纽约客”生涯——自从那时起，我便喜忧参半。

地铁让我们又爱又恨：列车时刻表不可信赖；地铁要么来就来了，要么根本不见踪影；发生故障更是常有的事儿，以至于因地铁被困在隧道里，曾有孕妇不得不在车上生产。

员工数量不多，且其发布的通知常常令人不知所云。

基础设施古老陈旧、摇摇欲坠。

爆裂的管道时不时造成水漫车站，使得交通瘫痪。

城市流浪者们住在站台上，睡在车站长椅上（或地铁车厢里），增加了乘客的不安全感。

每几个月，报纸上就有类似的恐怖事件报道——又有一位无辜者被随意推到了迎面而来的列车车轮下。

抢劫、**和谋杀案件虽不常见，但也时有发生。

不仅如此，脏乱的车厢，涂鸦满布的车站，夏天炼狱般的高温和冬天极地般的严寒，可以控诉的实在是挺多。

《华盛顿邮报》的一位撰稿人称它为“古老陈旧、过时低效且近乎不中用的混合体”。

他还是笔下留情的。

那么，为什么纽约居民们仍然对地铁如此依赖呢？其中一个是经济原因：不论多远，乘客只需花1.5美金就能坐地铁到达纽约城的任何地方。

相比之下，乘坐计程车从纽约联合国总部到位于曼哈顿岛另一边的哥伦比亚大学，则需要花费12美金。

而若是去纽约的所谓外区，如皇后区、布鲁克林区或布朗克斯区——任何需要从曼哈顿岛过桥而至的地方——则需支付多达三倍的价钱。

除此之外，地铁也很快速。

只要25分钟，就能从曼哈顿市中心到达皇后区的***公园——这里是美网公开赛的举办地；开车的话就需要花费一小时，到达后还需找停车位。

Unit 3 Ships in the DesertShips in the DesertShips in the DesertAL Gore--------------------------------------------------------------------------------I was standing in the sun on the hot steel deck of a fishing ship capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day. But it wasn' t a good day. We were anchored in what used to be the most productive fishing site in all of central Asia, but as I looked out over the bow , the prospects of a good catch looked bleak. Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand – as far as I could see in all directions. The other ships of the fleet were also at rest in the sand, scattered in the dunes that stretched all the way to the horizon . Ten year s ago the Aral was the fourth-largest inland sea in the world, comparable to the largest of North America's Great Lakes. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in anill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton In the user t. The new shoreline was almost forty kilometers across the sand from where the fishing fleet was now permanently docked. Meanwhile, in the nearby town of Muynak the people were still canning fish – brought not from the Aral Sea but shipped by rail through Siberia from the Pacific Ocean, more than a thousand miles away.My search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has led me to travel around the world to examine and study many of these images of destruction. At the very bottom of the earth, high in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, with the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in the sky, I stood in the unbelievable coldness and talked with a scientist in the late tall of 1988 about the tunnel he was digging through time. Slipping his parka back to reveal a badly burned face that was cracked and peeling, he pointed to the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier on which we were standing. He moved his finger back in time to the ice of two decades ago. "Here's where the U. S Congress passed the Clean Air Act, ” he said. At the bottom of the world, two continents away from Washington, D. C., even a small reduction in one country's emissions had changed the amount of pollution found in the remotest end least accessible place on earth.But the most significant change thus far in the earth' s atmosphere is the one that began with the industrial r evolution early in the last century and has picked up speed ever since. Industry meant coal, and later oil, and we began to burn lots of it – bringing rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) , with its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth. Fewer than a hundred yards from the South Pole, upwind from the ice runway where the ski plane lands and keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together, scientists monitor the air sever al times ever y day to chart the course of that inexorable change. During my visit, I watched one scientist draw the results of that day'smeasurements, pushing the end of a steep line still higher on the graph. He told me how easy it is – there at the end of the earth – to see that this enormous change in the global atmosphere is still picking up speed.Two and a half years later I slept under the midnight sun at the other end of our planet, in a small tent pitched on a twelve-toot-thick slab of ice floating in the frigid Arctic Ocean. After a hearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farther north to a rendezvous point where the ice was thinner – only three and a half feet thick – and a nuclear submarine hovered in the water below. After it crashed through the ice, took on its new passengers, and resubmerged, I talked with scientists who were trying to measure more accurately the thickness of the polar ice cap, which many believe is thinning as a re-suit of global warming. I had just negotiated an agreement between ice scientists and the U. S. Navy to secure the re-lease of previously top secret data from submarine sonar tracks, data that could help them learn what is happening to the north polar cap. Now, I wanted to see the pole it-self, and some eight hours after we met the submarine, we were crashing through that ice, surfacing, and then I was standing in an eerily beautiful snowcape, windswept and sparkling white, with the horizon defined by little hummocks, or "pressure ridges " of ice that are pushed up like tiny mountain ranges when separate sheets collide. But here too, CD, levels are rising just as rapidly, and ultimately temperature will rise with them – indeed, global warming is expected to push temperatures up much more rapidly in the polar regions than in the rest of the world. As the polar air warms, the ice her e will thin; and since the polar cap plays such a crucial role in the world's weather system, the consequences of a thinning cap could be disastrous.Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise. Six months after I returned from the North Pole, a team of scientists reported dramatic changes in the pattern of ice distribution in the Arctic, and a second team reported a still controversialclaim (which a variety of data now suggest) that, over all, the north polar cap has thinned by 2 per cent in just the last decade. Moreover, scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle, the spring snowmelt now comes earlier every year, and deep in the tundra below, the temperature e of the earth is steadily rising.As it happens, some of the most disturbing images of environmental destruction can be found exactly halfway between the North and South poles – precisely at the equator in Brazil – where billowing clouds of smoke regularly black-en the sky above the immense but now threatened Amazon rain forest. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef; as I learned when I went there in early 1989, the fires are set earlier and earlier in the dry season now, with more than one Tennessee's worth of rain forest being slashed and burned each year. According to our guide, the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America – which means we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.But one doesn't have to travel around the world to wit-ness humankind's assault on the earth. Images that signal the distress of our global environment arenow commonly seen almost anywhere. On some nights, in high northern latitudes, the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress. If the sky is clear after sunset -- and it you are watching from a place where pollution hasn't blotted out the night sky altogether -- you can sometimes see a strange kind of cloud high in the sky. This "noctilucent cloud" occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening dark-ness; shimmering above us with a translucent whiteness, these clouds seem quite unnatural. And they should: noctilucent clouds have begun to appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere. (Also called natural gas, methane is released from landfills , from coal mines and rice paddies, from billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning of biomass and from a variety of other human activities. ) Even though noctilucent clouds were sometimes seen in the past., all this extra methane carries more water vapor into the upper atmosphere, where it condenses at much higher altitudes to form more clouds that the sun's rays still strike long after sunset has brought the beginning of night to the surface far beneath them.What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky? Simple wonder or the mix of emotions we feel at the zoo? Perhaps we should feel awe for our own power: just as men "ear tusks from elephants’ heads in such quantity as to threaten the beast with extinction, we are ripping matter from its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balance between daylight and darkness. In the process, we are once again adding to the threat of global warming, be-cause methane has been one of the fastest-growing green-house gases, and is third only to carbon dioxide and water vapor in total volume, changing the chemistry of the upper atmosphere. But, without even considering that threat, shouldn't it startle us that we have now put these clouds in the evening sky which glisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights of civilization that we can't see these clouds for what they are – a physical manifestation of the violent collision between human civilization and the earth?Even though it is sometimes hard to see their meaning, we have by now all witnessed surprising experiences that signal the damage from our assault on the environment --whether it's the new frequency of days when the temperature exceeds 100 degrees, the new speed with which the -un burns our skin, or the new constancy of public debate over what to do with growing mountains of waste. But our response to these signals is puzzling. Why haven't we launched a massive effort to save our environment? To come at the question another way' Why do some images startle us into immediate action and focus our attention or ways to respond effectively? And why do other images, though sometimes equally dramatic, produce instead a Kin. of paralysis, focusing our attention not on ways to respond but rather on some convenient, less painful distraction?Still, there are so many distressing images of environ-mental destruction that sometimes it seems impossible to know how to absorb or comprehend them. Before considering the threats themselves, it may be helpful to classify them and thus begin to organize our thoughts and feelings so that we may be able to respondappropriately.A useful system comes from the military, which frequently places a conflict in one of three different categories, according to the theater in which it takes place. There are "local" skirmishes, "regional" battles, and "strategic" conflicts. This third category is reserved for struggles that can threaten a nation's survival and must be under stood in a global context. Environmental threats can be considered in the same way. For example, most instances of water pollution, air pollution, and illegal waste dumping are essentially local in nature. Problems like acid rain, the contamination ofunder-ground aquifers, and large oil spills are fundamentally regional. In both of these categories, there may be so many similar instances of particular local and regional problems occurring simultaneously all over the world that the patter n appears to be global, but the problems themselves are still not truly strategic because the operation of- the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not at stake.However, a new class of environmental problems does affect the global ecological system, and these threats are fundamentally strategic. The 600 percent increase in the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere during the last forty years has taken place not just in those countries producing the chlorofluorocarbons responsible but in the air above every country, above Antarctica, above the North Pole and the Pacific Ocean – all the way from the surface of the earth to the top of the sky. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface; and it we let chlorine levels continue to increase, the radiation levels will al-so increase – to the point that all animal and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.Global warming is also a strategic threat. The concentration of carbon dioxide and other heat-absorbing molecules has increased by almost 25 per cent since World War II, posing a worldwide threat to the earth's ability to regulate the amount of heat from the sun retained in the atmosphere. This increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pattern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.In other words, the entire relationship between humankind and the earth has been transformed because our civilization is suddenly capable of affecting the entire global environment, not just a particular area. All of us know that human civilization has usually had a large impact on the environment; to mention just one example, there is evidence that even in prehistoric times, vast areas were sometimes intentionally burned by people in their search for food. And in our own time we have reshaped a large part of the earth's surface with concrete in our cities and carefully tended rice paddies, pastures, wheat fields, and other croplands in the countryside. But these changes, while sometimes appearing to be pervasive , have, until recently, been relatively trivial factors in the global ecological sys-tem. Indeed, until our lifetime, it was always safe to assume that nothing we did or could do would haveany lasting effect on the global environment. But it is precisely that assumption which must now be discarded so that we can think strategically about our new relationship to the environment.Human civilization is now the dominant cause of change in the global environment. Yet we resist this truth and find it hard to imagine that our effect on the earth must now be measured by the same yardstick used to calculate the strength of the moon's pull on the oceans or the force of the wind against the mountains. And it we are now capable of changing something so basic as the relationship between the earth and the sun, surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility to use that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. So far, however, We seem oblivious of the fragility of the earth's natural systems.This century has witnessed dramatic changes in two key factors that define the physical reality of our relation-ship to the earth: a sudden and startling surge in human population, with the addition of one China's worth of people every ten years, and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution, which has allowed an almost unimaginable magnification of our power to affect the world around us by burning, cutting, digging, moving, and trans-forming the physical matter that makes up the earth. The surge in population is both a cause of the changed relationship and one of the clearest illustrations of how startling the change has been, especially when viewed in a historical context. From the emergence of modern humans 200 000 years ago until Julius Caesar's time, fewer than 250 million people walked on the face of the earth. When Christopher Columbus set sail for the New World 1500 years later, there were approximately 500 million people on earth. By the time Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the number had doubled again, to 1 billion. By midway through this century, at the end of World War II, the number had risen to just above 2 billion people. In other words, from the beginning of humanity's appearance on earth to 1945, it took more than ten thousand generations to reach a world population of 2 billion people. Now, in the course of one human lifetime -- mine -- the world population will increase from 2 to more than 9 million, and it is already more than halfway there.Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick up speed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in many fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years that. in the entire previous history of science. While no single discover y has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth that unclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless true that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance -- making the consequences, of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.Now that our relationship to the earth has changed so utterly, we have to see that change and understand its implications. Our challenge is to recognize that the startling images of environmental destruction now occurring all over the world have much more in common than their ability to shock and awaken us. They aresymptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have ever faced. Global warming, ozone depletion, the loss of living species, deforestation -- they all have a common cause: the new relationship between human civilization and the earth's natural balance. There are actually two aspects to this challenge. The first is to realize that our power to harm the earth can in-deed have global and even permanent effects. The second is to realize that the only way to understand our new role as a co-architect of nature is to see ourselves as part of a complex system that does not operate according to the same simple rules of cause and effect we are used to. The problem is not our effect on the environment so much as our relationship with the environment. As a result, any solution to the problem will require a careful assessment of that relationship as well as the complex interrelationship among factors within civilization and between them and the major natural components of the earth's ecological system.There is only one precedent for this kind of challenge to our thinking, and again it is military. The invention of nuclear weapons and the subsequent development by the Unit-ed States and the Soviet Union of many thousands of strategic nuclear weapons forced a slow and painful recognition that the new power thus acquired forever changed not only the relationship between the two superpowers but also the relationship of humankind to the institution at war-fare itself. The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations – completely and simultaneously. That sobering realization led to a careful reassessment of every aspect of our mutual relationship to the prospect of such a war. As early as 1946 one strategist concluded that strategic bombing with missiles "may well tear away the veil of illusion that has so long obscured the reality of the change in warfare – from a fight to a process of destruction.”Nevertheless, during the earlier stages of the nuclear arms race, each of the superpower s assumed that its actions would have a simple and direct effect on the thinking of the other. For decades, each new advance in weaponry was deployed by one side for the purpose of inspiring fear in the other. But each such deployment led to an effort by the other to leapfrog the first one with a more advanced deployment of its own. Slowly, it has become apparent that the problem of the nuclear arms r ace is not primarily caused by technology. It is complicated by technology, true; but it arises out of the relationship between the superpowers and is based on an obsolete understanding of what war is all about.The eventual solution to the arms race will be found, not in a new deployment by one side or the other of some ultimate weapon or in a decision by either side to disarm unilaterally , but ratter in new understandings and in a mutual transformation of the relationship itself. This transformation will involve changes in the technology of weaponry and the denial of nuclear technology to rogue states. But the key changes will be in the way we think about the institution of war far e and about the relationship between states.The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posedby changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditions of life -- a simplistic notion at best. But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessment of all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTESI) Al Gore: born in 1948 in Washington D. C., U. S. Senator (1984-1992) from the State of Tennessee,and U. S. Vice-President ( l 992-) under President Bill Clinton. He is the author of the book Earth in the Balance from which this piece is taken. 2) Aral Sea: inland sea and the world’s fourth largest lake, c. 26 000 sqmiles, SW Kazakhstan and NW Uzbekhstan, E of the Caspian Sea3) Great Lakes: group of five freshwater lakes, Central North America, between the United States and Canada, largest body of fresh water in the world. From west to east, they are Lake Superior,Lake Michigan,Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.4) Trans-Antarctic Mountains: mountain chain stretching across Antarctica from Victoria I and to Coats I and; separating the E Antarctic and W Antarctic subcontinents5) Clean Air Act: one of the oldest environmental laws of the U. S., as well as the most far-reaching, the costliest, and the most controversial. It was passed in 1970.6) Washington D. C.: capital of the United States. D. C. (District of Columbia).is added to distinguish it from the State of Washington and 3 other cities in the U. S bearing the sonic name.7) freeze-locking: the metal parts are frozen solid and unable to move freely8)midnight sun: phenomenon in which the sun remains visible in the sky for 24 hours or longer, occurring only in the polar regions9)global warming; The earth is getting warmer. The temperature of the earth's atmosphere and its surface is steadily rising.10) Submarine sonar tracks: the term sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging. It is used for communication between submerged submarines or between a submarine and a surface vessel, for locating mines and underwater hazards to navigation, and also as a fathometer, or depth finder.11) greenhouse (effect): process whereby heat is trapped at the surface of the earth by the atmosphere. An increase of man-made pollutants in the atmosphere will lead to a long-term warming of the earth's climate.12) Julius Caesar: (102? B. C -- 44 B. C:. ), Roman statesman and general13) Christopher Columbus: ( 1451-1506), discoverer of America, born Genoa, Italy14) Thomas Jefferson: (17-13-1826 ), 3d President of the UnitedStates(1801-1809), author of the Declaration of Independence.15) Declaration of Independence: full and formal declaration adopted July 4,1776, by representatives of the thirteen colonies in North America announcing the separation of those colonies from Great Britain and making them into the United States16)Ozone depletion: A layer of ozone in the stratosphere prevents most ultraviolet and other high-energy radiation, which is harmful to life, from penetrating to the earth's surface.Some.environmental, scientists fear that certain man-made pollutants, e.g. nitric oxide, CFCs(Chlorofluorocarbons), etc., may interfere with the delicate balance of reactions that maintains the ozone’ s concentration, possibly leading to a drastic depletion of stratospheric ozone. This is now happening in the stratosphere above the polarShips in the Desert 课文讲解/Detailed StudyShips in the Desert--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Detailed Study1. Ships in the Desert [image-7]: Ships anchored in the desert. This is aneye-catching title and it gives an image that people hardly see. When readers read the title, they can’t help wondering why and how.Paragraph 1. typical example of environmental destruction[image-7]2. capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day: having the ability of cleaning and preparing for marketing or canning fifty-tons of fish on a productive day.catch: the amount of something caught; in the sentence it refers to the amount of fish caught e.g. The boat brought back a big catch of fish.3. but as I looked out over the bow, the prospects of a good catch looked bleak:a good catch did not look promising / hopeful.This is obviously an understatement because with sand all around there was no chance of catching fish, to say nothing of catching a lot of fish.bow[audio-1] : the front part of a shipant. sterncompare: bow[audio-2]: v. & n. to bend the upper part of the body forward, as away of showing respect, admitting defeat, etc.bow [audio-3]: n. a weapon for shooting arrowa long thin piece of wood with a tight string fastened along it, used for playing musical instruments that have stringsa knot formed by doubling a string or cord into two curved pieces, and used for decoration in the hair, in tying shoes, etcbleak: a) If a situation is bleak, it is bad, and seems unlikely to improve.e.g. His future looked bleak.bleak prospect; the bleakness of the post war yearsb) If a place is bleak, it looks cold, bare, and unattractivee.g. the bleak coastlinec) When the weather is bleak, it is cold, dull, and unpleasante.g. the bleak wintersd) If someone looks or sounds bleak, they seem depressed, hopeless, or unfriendlye.g. his bleak featuresbleakly adv.e.g. He stared bleakly ahead.“What,” he asked bleakly, “are these?”4. waves lapping against the side of the ship: waves touching the side of the ship gently and makes a soft sound lap can also be used as a noun.e.g. Your lap is the flat area formed by your thighs when you are sitting down. Her youngest child was asleep in her lap.He placed the baby on the woman’s lap.In a race, when you say that a competitor has completed a lap when he or she has gone round the course race.5. as far as I could see in all direction: that extended as far as the eye could see;6. that stretched all the way to the horizon: that extended to the far off place where the sky meet the earth7. comparable: something that is comparable to something else is a) as good as/ as big as/ as important as the other thing; b) similar to the other thinge.g. This dinner is comparable to the best French cooking.Our house is not comparable with yours. Ours is just a small hut while yours is a palace.8. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in an ill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton in the dessert: Now it is becoming smaller and smaller because the water that used to flow into the sea has been turned away to irrigate the land created in the desert to grow cotton. The。

牛津新教材选修三Unit3ReadingChinese characters:foundation of a remarkable writing system汉字:非凡书写系统的基础In the year1899,some mystical symbols carved on oracle bones attracted the attention of a scholar in Beijing.That was when people first began to realize the significance of these beautiful inscriptions.Since then,the mystery surrounding the origin of Chinese characters,the foundation of a remarkable writing system,has started to be revealed.1899年，甲骨文上的一些神秘符号引起了北京一位学者的注意。

从那时起，人们开始意识到这些美丽的铭文的重要性。

从那时起，围绕着汉字起源的谜团开始被揭开，汉字是一种非凡的书写系统的基础。

These oracle bone inscriptions,the earliest form of Chinese characters ever found to this day,are clear proof that the history of the Chinese writing system stretches back about3,500years.The inscriptions are highly complex,suggesting that earlier forms are yet to be discovered.All we have at the moment,however,is the legend of Cang Jie,who is said to have invented the first characters about5,000years ago.Legend has it that he saw animal tracks in the ground,and began drawing pictures of objects in nature,such as the moon,the sun and the trees.这些甲骨文是迄今为止发现的最早的汉字形式，清楚地证明了中国文字系统的历史可以追溯到大约3500年前。