【课时作业 必修1】章节综合训练+参考答案
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人教版高中物理必修1课时作业参考答案第一章运动的描述参考答案课时1 1.CD 2.AD 3.BD 4.BD 5.D 6.CD 7.ABD 8.B 9.不能10.70,0,30,70,30-++-向东,,向西11.4m,3m-,(4,3)m m,(3,2)m m--12.(1)直线坐标系(2)平面直角坐标系课时21.ABD 2.D 3.ABC 4.D 5.BC 6.AC 7.B 8.3,5 9.4R-,2Rπ10.2x∆,1x∆和3x∆11.3,2,5;3,4,7m m m m m m---12.(1)(2,2),(2,5),(6,5)m m m m m m(2)3,4m m(3)5m,由A指向C 13.(1)2,2m m(2)2,4m m(3)0,8m课时3 1.C 2.ACD 3.A 4.CD 5.CD 6.ABC 7.84.210⨯8.12122v vv v+,122v v+ 9.6.4/m s10.49.9km11.3312.平均,12.5,14,瞬时,1413.39min课时41.C 2.B 3.AB 4.BCD 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.(1)ABDEC(2)墨粉纸盘,限位孔10.变速运动,略,略,略,略。
提示:测量长度时读到0.1mm,最后计算结果保留两位有效数字。
11.0.19/ABv m s=,0.60/BCv m s=,0.60/CDv m s=,0.595/DEv m s=;在误差允许的范围内,物体运动的性质是先做加速运动,后做匀速运动。
第 - 2 - 页课时51.CD 2.ACD 3.BCD 4.B 5.BD 6.B 7.AB 8.B9.300 ,竖直向上10.43.211.略2.有危险第二章匀变速直线运动的研究参考答案课时1 1.AB 2.ACD 3.BC 4.C 5.C 6.(1)16.50;21.40;26.30;31.35;36.30(2)作图:略(3)小车运动的v t-图象是一条倾斜向上的直线,说明速度随时间均匀增加,它们成线性关系。
§1.2子集、全集、补集课时目标 1.理解子集、真子集的意义,会判断两集合的关系.2.理解全集与补集的意义,能正确运用补集的符号.3.会求集合的补集,并能运用Venn图及补集知识解决有关问题.1.子集如果集合A的__________元素都是集合B的元素(若a∈A则a∈B),那么集合A称为集合B的________,记作______或______.任何一个集合是它本身的______,即A⊆A.2.如果A⊆B,并且A≠B,那么集合A称为集合B的________,记为______或(______).3.______是任何集合的子集,______是任何非空集合的真子集.4.补集设A⊆S,由S中不属于A的所有元素组成的集合称为S的子集A的______,记为______(读作“A在S中的补集”),即∁S A={x|x∈S,且x∉A}.5.全集如果集合S包含我们所要研究的各个集合,这时S可以看做一个______,全集通常记作U.集合A相对于全集U的补集用Venn图可表示为一、填空题1.集合P={x|y=x+1},集合Q={y|y=x-1},则P与Q的关系是________.2.满足条件{1,2}M⊆{1,2,3,4,5}的集合M的个数是________.3.已知集合U={1,3,5,7,9},A={1,5,7},则∁U A=________.4.已知全集U=R,集合M={x|x2-4≤0},则∁U M=________.5.下列正确表示集合M={-1,0,1}和N={x|x2+x=0}关系的Venn图是_____________________________.6.集合M={x|x=3k-2,k∈Z},P={y|y=3n+1,n∈Z},S={z|z=6m+1,m∈Z}之间的关系是________.7.设U={0,1,2,3},A={x∈U|x2+mx=0},若∁U A={1,2},则实数m=________. 8.设全集U={x|x<9且x∈N},A={2,4,6},B={0,1,2,3,4,5,6},则∁U A=________,∁U B =______,∁B A=________.9.已知全集U,A B,则∁U A与∁U B的关系是____________________.二、解答题10.设全集U={x∈N*|x<8},A={1,3,5,7},B={2,4,5}.(1)求∁U(A∪B),∁U(A∩B);(2)求(∁U A)∪(∁U B),(∁U A)∩(∁U B);(3)由上面的练习,你能得出什么结论?请结事Venn图进行分析.11.已知集合A={1,3,x},B={1,x2},设集合U=A,求∁U B.能力提升12.设全集是数集U={2,3,a2+2a-3},已知A={b,2},∁U A={5},求实数a,b的值.13.已知集合A={x|1<ax<2},B={x|-1<x<1},求满足A⊆B的实数a的取值范围.1.子集概念的多角度理解(1)“A是B的子集”的含义是:集合A中的任何一个元素都是集合B的元素,即由任意x∈A能推出x∈B.(2)不能把“A⊆B”理解成“A是B中部分元素组成的集合”,因为当A=∅时,A⊆B,但A中不含任何元素;又当A=B时,也有A⊆B,但A中含有B中的所有元素,这两种情况都有A⊆B.2.∁U A的数学意义包括两个方面:首先必须具备A⊆U;其次是定义∁U A={x|x∈U,且x∉A},补集是集合间的运算关系.3.补集思想做题时“正难则反”策略运用的是补集思想,即已知全集U,求子集A,若直接求A困难,可先求∁U A,再由∁U(∁U A)=A求A.§1.2子集、全集、补集知识梳理1.任意一个子集A⊆B B⊇A子集 2.真子集A B B A3.空集空集 4.补集∁S A 5.全集作业设计1.P Q解析∵P={x|y=x+1}={x|x≥-1},Q={y|y≥0},∴P Q.2.7解析M中含三个元素的个数为3,M中含四个元素的个数也是3,M中含5个元素的个数只有1个,因此符合题意的共7个.3.{3,9}解析在集合U中,去掉1,5,7,剩下的元素构成∁U A.4.{x|x<-2或x>2}解析∵M={x|-2≤x≤2},∴∁U M={x|x<-2或x>2}.5.②解析由N={-1,0},知N M.6.S P=M解析运用整数的性质方便求解.集合M、P表示成被3整除余1的整数集,集合S表示成被6整除余1的整数集.7.-3解析∵∁U A={1,2},∴A={0,3},故m=-3.8.{0,1,3,5,7,8}{7,8}{0,1,3,5}解析由题意得U={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8},用Venn图表示出U,A,B,易得∁U A={0,1,3,5,7,8},∁U B={7,8},∁B A={0,1,3,5}.9.∁U B∁U A解析画Venn图,观察可知∁U B∁U A.10.解 (1)∵U ={x ∈N *|x <8}={1,2,3,4,5,6,7},A ∪B ={1,2,3,4,5,7},A ∩B ={5},∴∁U (A ∪B )={6},∁U (A ∩B )={1,2,3,4,67}.(2)∵∁U A ={2,4,6},∁U B ={1,3,6,7},∴(∁U A )∪(∁U B )={1,2,3,4,6,7},(∁U A )∩(∁U B )={6}. (3)∁U (A ∪B )=(∁U A )∩(∁U B )(如左下图);∁U (A ∩B )=(∁U A )∪(∁U B )(如右下图).11.解 因为B ⊆A ,因而x 2=3或x 2=x . ①若x 2=3,则x =±3.当x =3时,A ={1,3,3},B ={1,3},此时∁U B ={3};当x =-3时,A ={1,3,-3},B ={1,3},U =A ={1,3,-3},此时∁U B ={-3}. ②若x 2=x ,则x =0或x =1.当x =1时,A 中元素x 与1相同,B 中元素x 2与1也相同,不符合元素的互异性,故x ≠1; 当x =0时,A ={1,3,0},B ={1,0},U =A ={1,3,0},从而∁U B ={3}. 综上所述,∁U B ={3}或{-3}或{3}. 12.解 ∵∁U A ={5},∴5∈U 且5∉A .又b ∈A ,∴b ∈U ,由此得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a 2+2a -3=5,b =3.解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ a =2,b =3或⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a =-4,b =3经检验都符合题意.13.解 (1)当a =0时,A =∅,满足A ⊆B . (2)当a >0时,A ={x |1a <x <2a}.又∵B ={x |-1<x <1},A ⊆B ,∴⎩⎨⎧1a≥-1,2a ≤1,∴a ≥2.(3)当a <0时,A ={x |2a <x <1a}.∵A ⊆B ,∴⎩⎨⎧2a≥-1,1a ≤1,∴a ≤-2.综上所述,a=0或a≥2或a≤-2.。
[基础巩固](25分钟,60分)一、选择题(每小题5分,共25分)1.用二分法求如图所示函数f(x)的零点时,不可能求出的零点是()A.x1B.x2C.x3D.x4解析:观察图象可知:零点x3的附近两边的函数值都为负值,所以零点x3不能用二分法求出.答案:C2.下列关于函数y=f(x),x∈[a,b]的叙述中,正确的个数为()①若x0∈[a,b]且满足f(x0)=0,则(x0,0)是f(x)的一个零点;②若x0是f(x)在[a,b]上的零点,则可用二分法求x0的近似值;③函数f(x)的零点是方程f(x)=0的根,但f(x)=0的根不一定是函数f(x)的零点;④用二分法求方程的根时,得到的都是近似值.A.0 B.1C.3 D.4解析:①中x0∈[a,b]且f(x0)=0,所以x0是f(x)的一个零点,而不是(x0,0),故①错误;②由于x0两侧函数值不一定异号,故②错误;③方程f(x)=0的根一定是函数f(x)的零点,故③错误;④用二分法求方程的根时,得到的根也可能是精确值,故④错误.故选A.答案:A3.用二分法研究函数f(x)=x5+8x3-1的零点时,第一次经过计算得f(0)<0,f(0.5)>0,则其中一个零点所在的区间和第二次应计算的函数值分别为()A.(0,0.5),f(0.125) B.(0.5,1),f(0.875)C.(0.5,1),f(0.75) D.(0,0.5),f(0.25)[能力提升](20分钟,40分)11.设f(x)=3x+3x-8,用二分法求方程3x+3x-8=0在x∈(1,3)内近似解的过程中取区间中点x0=2,那么下一个有根区间为() A.(1,2) B.(2,3)C.(1,2)或(2,3) D.不能确定解析:因为f(1)=31+3×1-8=-2<0,f(3)=33+3×3-8=28>0,f(2)=32+3×2-8=7>0,所以f(1)f(2)<0,所以f(x)=0的下一个有根的区间为(1,2).答案:A12.在26枚崭新的金币中,有一枚外表与真金币完全相同的假币(质量小一点),现在只有一台天平,则应用二分法的思想,最多称________次就可以发现这枚假币.解析:将26枚金币平均分成两份,放在天平上,则假币一定在质量小的那13枚金币里面;从这13枚金币中拿出1枚,然后将剩下的12枚金币平均分成两份,放在天平上,若天平平衡,则假币一定是拿出的那一枚;若不平衡,则假币一定在质量小的那6枚金币里面;将这6枚金币平均分成两份,放在天平上,则假币一定在质量小的那3枚金币里面;从这3枚金币中任拿出2枚放在天平上,若天平平衡,则剩下的那一枚即是假币;若不平衡,则质量小的那一枚即是假币.综上可知,最多称4次就可以发现这枚假币.答案:413.求出函数F(x)=x5-x-1的零点所在的大致区间.解析:函数F(x)=x5-x-1的零点即方程x5-x-1=0的根.由方程x5-x-1=0,得x5=x+1.令f(x)=x5,g(x)=x+1.。
综合测评(一)(教师用书独具)(考试时间50分钟,本试卷满分100分)一、选择题(本题包括12小题,每小题5分,共60分,每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
)1.图标所警示的是()A.当心火灾——氧化物B.当心火灾——易燃物质C.当心爆炸——自燃物质D.当心爆炸——爆炸性物质【解析】题中给出的图标是火焰,应是易燃物质标志,故选B。
易爆物质的图标是。
【答案】 B2.(2015·福州高一检测)进行化学实验时必须注意安全,下列说法不正确的是()①不慎将酸溅到眼中,应立即用大量水冲洗,边洗边眨眼睛②不慎将浓碱溶液沾到皮肤上,要立即用大量水冲洗,然后涂上硼酸溶液③不慎将浓盐酸洒在桌面上,应立即用浓氢氧化钠溶液冲洗④配制稀硫酸时,可先在量筒中加入一定体积的水,再边搅拌边慢慢加入浓硫酸⑤酒精灯着火时可用水扑灭A.①②③B.②③④C.③④⑤D.全部【解析】③中不能用NaOH溶液冲洗;④中不能在量筒中稀释;⑤酒精灯着火不能用水扑灭,应用湿布盖灭。
【答案】 C3.实验中的下列操作正确的是()A.取用试剂瓶中的Na2CO3溶液,发现取量过多,为了不浪费,又把过量的试剂倒入试剂瓶中B.把NaOH固体放在托盘天平左盘的滤纸上称量C.用蒸发的方法使NaCl从溶液中析出时,应将蒸发皿中NaCl溶液全部加热蒸干D.用浓硫酸配制一定物质的量浓度的稀硫酸时,浓硫酸溶于水后,应冷却至室温才能转移到容量瓶中【解析】为防止污染试剂,多余Na2CO3溶液不能倒入试剂瓶,A项错误;NaOH具有腐蚀性,不能放在滤纸上称量,B项错误;蒸发结晶NaCl时,应有大量晶体析出时停止加热,利用余热蒸干,C项错误。
【答案】 D4.如果不小心在食用油中混入部分水,请你选用下列最简便的方法对油水混合物进行分离()【解析】食用油为不溶于水的液体,油、水混合物可以用分液的方法进行分离。
【答案】 B5.(2015·哈尔滨三十二中月考)下列有关化学实验的操作中,一般情况下不能相互接触的是()A.过滤操作中,玻璃棒与三层滤纸B.过滤操作中,漏斗下端管口与烧杯内壁C.分液操作中,分液漏斗下端管口与烧杯内壁D.用胶头滴管向试管滴加液体时,滴管尖端与试管内壁【解析】为防止液体迸溅,故在过滤时玻璃棒应与三层滤纸接触、漏斗下端管口应与烧杯内壁接触,A、B项正确;分液时,分液漏斗的下端管口应与烧杯内壁接触,C项正确;若胶头滴管的尖端与试管内壁接触,当滴管放回原试剂瓶时,容易污染原试剂,D项错误。
综合检测卷(二)Unit 2English around the world(时间:100分钟;满分:120分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)AEnglish is the most widely used language in the history of our planet.One in every seven human beings can speak it.More than half of the world's books and three quarters of international mails are in English.Of all languages,English has the largest vocabulary—perhaps as many as two million words.However,let's face it:English is a crazy language.There is no egg in an eggplant,neither pine nor apple in a pineapple and no ham in a hamburger.Sweetmeats are candy,while sweetbreads,which aren't sweets,are meat.We take English for granted.But when we explore its paradoxes (冲突),we find that quicksand can work slowly,boxing rings are square,public bathrooms have no baths in them.And why is it that a writer writes,but fingers don't fing,grocers don't groce,and hammers don't ham? If the plural(复数) of tooth is teeth,shouldn't the plural of booth be beeth?One goose,two geese—so one moose,two meese?How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same,while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites? How can overlook and oversee be opposites,while quite a lot and quite a few are alike?How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell the next?English was invented by people,not computers,and it reflects the creativity of human beings.That's why,when stars are out,they are visible;but when the lights are out,they are invisible.And why,when I wind up my watch,I start it;but when I wind_up this essay,I end it.1.According to the passage ________.A.sweetmeats and sweetbreads are different thingsB.there should be egg in an eggplantC.pineapples are the apples on the pine treeD.boxing rings should be round2.Which of the following is the correct plural?A.Beeth.B.Geese.C.Meese. D.Tooth.3.The underlined words “wind up” in the last paragraph probably mean “________”.A.blow B.roll upC.get hurt D.finish4.Through the many paradoxes in the English language,the writer wants to show that human beings are________.A.clever B.crazyC.lazy D.dullBEnglish has surely become the global language.Whenever we turn on the news to find out what's happening in East Asia,or Africa,or anywhere,people are being interviewed and telling us about it in English.If people look at the facts about the amazing reach of the English language,many would besurprised.English is used in over 90 countries as an official or semi-official language.English is the working language of many international institutes(争辩所)as well as of most international research scientists.It is also the language that Indian parents and black parents wish their children to learn.It is believed that over one billion people worldwide are now learning English.One of the most important causes of the spread of English around the world is that Europeans are willing to accept it as their language.English is spreading from northern Europe to the south and is now the second language in countries such as Sweden,Norway,Netherlands and Denmark.If one visits any of them,it would seem that almost everyone there can talk in English.Recently,a report said that at the beginning of 2001,English was the most widely known foreign language with 43% of Europeans saying they spoke it.The report also said that with over 89% of the population speaking English,Sweden now has the highest percentage of English speakers.What's more,English is the language rated as most useful to know,and over 77% of Europeans who do not speak English as their first language consider it useful.5.By writing this passage,the writer mainly wants to tell us ________.A.why so many people speak English around the worldB.that English has become a language spoken all over the worldC.about the development of English in EuropeD.something about the English-speaking countries6.The writer mentions all of the following EXCEPT ________.A.Asia B.EuropeC.Africa D.America7.What does the underlined word“rated”in the last paragraph mean?A.Stood. B.Agreed.C.Considered. D.Argued.8.What can we learn from the passage?A.Black parents don't want their children to learn English.B.English is used in over 90 countries as an official language.C.Not all international research scientists speak English at work.D.English has become the most important language in Sweden.CAn 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son.Suddenly a crow (乌鸦)perched on the tree near their window.The father asked his son,“What is this?”The son replied,“It is a crow.”After a few minutes,the father asked his son the 2nd time,“What is this?”The son said,“Father,I have just now told you ‘It's a crow.'”After a little while,the old father again asked his son the 3rd time,“What is this?”“It's a crow,a crow,a crow,”said the son loudly.A little after,the father again asked his son the 4th time,“What is this?”This time the son shouted at his father,“Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? ‘IT IS A CROW'.Are you not able to understand this?”A little later,the father went to his room and came back with an old diary,which he had kept since his son was born.Opening a page,he asked his son to read that page.When the son read it,the following words were written inthe diary:“Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa,when a crow was sitting on the window.My son asked me 23 times what it was,and I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow.I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question again and again for 23 times.I did not at all feel annoyed.I rather felt affection for my innocent child.”9.In what tone did the son say to his father “It's a crow,a crow,a crow”?A.Hurried. B.Impatient.C.Excited. D.Surprised.10.Why did the father ask the same question again and again?A.Because he couldn't understand what his son said.B.Because he was too old to remember anything.C.Because he wanted to make his son angry.D.Because he wanted to see how patient his son would be.11.How old was the old man when his son asked him 23 times “What is this?” ?A.80 years old. B.45 years old.C.38 years old. D.35 years old.12.What is the most suitable title for the passage?A.A Crow B.An Old ManC.An Old Dairy D.Father's LoveDAmerican high school students are terrible writers,and one education reform group thinks it has an answer:robots.Or,more accurately,robot-readers—computers programmed to scan students'essays and spit_out a grade.Mark Shermis,professor of the College of Education at the University of Akron,is helping to hold a contest,set up by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation( WFHF),that promises $100,000 in prize money to programmers who write the best automated grading software.“If you're a high school teacher and you give a writing task,you're walking home with 150 essays,”Shermis said.“You're going to need some help.”Automated essay grading was first proposed in the 1960s,but computers back then were not up to the task.In the late 1990s,as technology improved,several textbooks and testing companies jumped into the field.Today,computers are used to grade essays on South Dakota's student writing assessments and a handful of other exams,including the TOEFL test of English fluency,taken by foreign students.The Hewlett contest aims to show that computers can grade as well as English teachers—only much more quickly and without all that depressing red ink.“Automated essay scoring is objective,”Shermis said.“And it can be done immediately.If students finish an essay at 10 pm,they will get a result at 10:01 pm.”Take,for instance,the Intelligent Essay Assessor,a web-based too marketed by Pearson Education,Inc.Within seconds,it can analyze an essay for spelling,grammar,organization,and help students to make revisions.The program scans for key words and analyzes semantic(语义的) patterns,and Pearson claims that it can understand the meaning of text much the same as a human reader.13.From Paragraph 3,we know that in the 1960s ________.A.computers were not easy to getB.automated grading software was popularC.people refused automated essay gradingD.computers couldn't grade essays automatically14.What does Paragraph 4 focus on?A.The prize of Hewlett contest.B.The advantages of automated essay scoring.C.The application of automated essay scoring.D.Teachers'opinions about Hewlett contest.15.The Intelligent Essay Assessor can ________.A.rewrite essaysB.underline the mistakes in red inkC.understand the meaning of textD.correct key words and patternsⅡ.阅读填句(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
综合检测卷(一)Unit 1 Friendship(时间:100分钟;满分:120分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)AMembers of a high school class of 1943 finally got the party they should have had 70 years ago.Their senior celebration was stopped by World War Ⅱ.Anthony Pegnataro,the 1943 class president of James Hillhouse High School,remembers the attack on Pearl Harbor like it was yesterday.On December 7th,1941,Pegnataro said,he and his friends were skating when they heard over the radio that America had entered a state of war.Going to war meant no party any more.Pegnataro's carefree high school life suddenly came to an end.“Most of us went right into the service after graduation,”Pegnataro said.“We graduated in June and were in the army in July.”Of the 1,585 students at James Hillhouse High School,less than 300 are still alive today and many of them never made it back from war.Pegnataro,who is now 87,decided that along with their 70-year class reunion (重聚),they would also hold that party they never got to have.About 70people from around the country came to dance on Sunday.“It was excellent.Everyone there just had a great time,”Pegnataro said.“Those that came guessed it might be their last one.”Pegnataro said he_was_on_cloud_nine to bring his wife of 53 years back to the party,and he introduced her to each of his classmates.“Everyone was very excited at the party.Though we had been separated for so many years,the war brought my class closer together,”he said.“We missed out on the party that we should have had.And the 70th reunion was a very important event in our lives,”Pegnataro said.“We all made it.”1.When Pearl Harbor was attacked,Pegnataro ________.A.went into the army at onceB.was skating with his parentsC.was having a Christmas partyD.was still a high school student2.The underlined part “he was on cloud nine” meant Pegnataro________.A.was on a plane B.felt very happyC.was not comfortable D.came at nine o'clock3.In Pegnataro's opinion,the war ________.A.had its own two sidesB.made him lose everythingC.had little influence on his schoolD.lasted longer than he had expected4.What would be the best title for the text?A.Pegnataro—a man of knowledgeB.James Hillhouse High SchoolC.An unusual partyD.War and peaceBMy friend Jason and I wanted to do something to help other people who are less fortunate and help us grow at the same time.After we decided that we would volunteer in Nepal,I did some research on the Internet and I found Volunteer Nepal and felt strongly that it was the right choice for us.While making our plans,Jason and I realized that others might like the opportunity to be a part of our experience.So before leaving for Nepal,we asked the people we know whether they would be interested in donating (捐赠) cash or goods to Nepal Orphans(孤儿) Home.One friend,whose family owns a chain called Drake Supermarket,told others about it.His effort paid off.We received donations that filled 29 boxes with sporting goods,toys,coloring books,pencils,children's books,and more.The boxes were later taken to Drake's warehouse where I prepared them for shipment.Drake agreed to ship them to Nepal for free.The boxes had arrived at the Volunteer House when we arrived there.The。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.The little child was frightened the dog.2.During his many (lecture),he discusses his experiences and how they have changed his point of view.3.He showed up late for (register).4.The crew are of different (nation) and have no common language.5.I’m (annoy) that he didn’t show up when he said he would come.6.His statues stand on different university (campus).7.He had little (form) schooling when he was young.8.As far as I know,the course is designed beginners.9.The tennis players need total (concentrate) during play.10.The experts (explore) every part of the island now.11.We have full (confident) that we shall succeed.Ⅱ.用适当的介词填空1.He was waiting for his brother’s return anxiety.2.We were deeply impressed the painting that day.3.He has told me his plans and he’s made a good impression me.4.You must concentrate your attention improving your English.5.He got annoyed the boy for being so stupid.6.He is confident his ability to achieve success.Ⅲ.用短语的适当形式填空1.Frank ,so the manager gave him the job.2.After several delays,he set out at 8 o’clock .3.They said that they had been for 3 days with no food in the house.4.Don’t take yourself too seriously:so you make a mistake?5.I cannot my attention my book with all that loud music going on.参考答案:Ⅰ.1.of2.lectures3.registration4.nationalities5.annoyed6.campuses7.formal8.for9.concentration10.are exploring11.confidence二、1.with2.by/with3.on4.on5.with6.in/about三、1.made a good impression2.at last3.left alone4.what if5.concentrate onUNIT1TEENAGE LIFE课后篇巩固提升Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Schools need (volunteer) to help children to read.2.The question of the origin of the universe is still hotly (debate).3.He made a small (move) with his right hand.4.Would now be a (suit) moment to discuss my report?5.There are lots of people there who can (actual) help you.Ⅱ根据教材P12Conversation3的内容填空。
Unit 1课时作业1、(ignore) the difference between two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.2、It is no pleasure (join) in your walking.3、While(walk) your dog, you should not loosen the rope to let the dog run around.4、The room has been empty for a long time and all the furniture is(dust).5、To be honest, I was(entire) frightened by the thunder just now.6、As far as I am(concern) , children should often play outdoors.7、I have to get my car (repair) before going to work.8、(actual) it is one of the smallest planets, and only looks big because it is so near to us.9、The two countries haven t signed the (agree).10、We all hope that she can make a full (recover).11、The manager expressed some (disagree) about the suggestion.12、Each comer had a guard tower , which was (exact) ten metres in height.13、Her mother is hard on everyone and difficult(get) along with.14、一What's wrong with him?— He(suffer) from a bad cold.15、Everyone has his own attitude to helping others and I would be(grate) if you could give me a hand.16、I was never very neat,while my roommate Kate was extremely oiganized. Each of her objects had itsplace, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled(贝占标签)everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and Iwould lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, "Take your shoesaway! Why under my bed!" Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phonecall. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled(爬) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept thefloor even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn ‘t notice Kate had sat up. She was watching,her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. Ilooked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, "Thanks."Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn ’t always agree, but we learned the keyto living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.1.What made Kate so angry one evening?A.She couldn't find her books.B.She heard the author shouting loud.C.She got the news that her grandma was ill.D.She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.2.The author tidied up the room most probably because ____________ .A.she was scared by Kate's angerB.she hated herself for being so messyC.she wanted to show her careD.she was asked by Kate to do so3.How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?A.By analyzing causes.B.By showing differences.C.By describing a process.D.By following time order.4.What might be the best title for the story?A.My Friend KateB.Hard Work Pays OffD.Learning to Be RoommatesC.How to Be OrganizedParents often believe that they have a good relationship with their teenagers. But last summer,17、Joanna and Henry noticed a change in their older son. Suddenly he seemed to be talking far more to his friends than to his parents. "The door to his room is always shut," Joanna noted.Tina and Mark noticed similar changes in their 14-year-old daughter. "She used to cuddle up (依偎)against me on the sofa and talk," said Mark. "Now we joke that she does this only when she wants something. Sometimes she wants to be treated like a little girl and sometimes like a young lady. The problem is understanding which time is which."Before age 11, children like to tell their parents what 's on their mind. "In fact, parents are first on the list," said Michael Riera, author of Uncommon Sense for Parents with Teenagers. "This completely changes during the teen years," Riera explained. "They talk to their friends first, then maybe their teachers, and their parents last."Parents who know what 's going on in their teenagers' lives are in the best position to help them. Tobreak down the wall of silence, parents should create chances to understand what their children want to say, and try to find ways to talk and write to them. And they must give their children a mental (思想的)break, for children also need freedom, though young. Another thing parents should remember is that to be a friend, not a manager, with their children is a better way to know them.1."The door to his room is always shut" suggests that the sonA.keeps himself away from his parentsB.begins to dislike his parentsC.is always busy with his studyD.doesn't want to be ignored2.What troubles Tina and Mark most is thatA.their daughter isn't as lovely as beforeB.they don't know what to say to their daughterC.they can't read their daughter's mind exactlyD.their daughter talks with them only when she needs help3.Which of the following best explains "the wall of silence" in the last paragraph?A.Teenagers talk a lot with their friends.B.Teenagers do not talk much with their parents.C.Teenagers do not want to understand their parents.D.Teenagers talk little about their own lives.4.We can learn from the passage that .A.parents are unhappy with their growing childrenB.parents have to talk with children face to faceC.parents shouldn't be angry with teenagersD.parents should try to understand their teenagers18、英语课上,老师要求同桌之间相互修改作文。
新教材高中英语新人教版选择性必修第一册:课时作业(一) Unit 1 Section ⅠReading and Thinking层级一课时跟踪检测维度1 单词拼写1.The digital economy is ________ (关键的) in today's world.2.Cultural exchange is ________ (极其重要的) for the countries like China and Fiji to learn from each other for common development.3.The children from poor families were at a ________ (明显的) disadvantage.4.The hospital has recently ________ (获得) new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.5.The candidate waved his hands to ________ (感谢) the cheers of the crowd.6.With her luggage in her hands, the girl stood looking round in all directions, but ________ (显然) no one had come to meet her.7.His discovery is one of the greatest ________ (科学的) achievements of the decade.8.This book teaches you how to ________ (分析)what is causing the stress in your life.9.As soon as the results of the vote were announced, the President acknowledged ________ (失败).10.I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water to ________ (烧开).维度2 单句语法填空1.With a hope of ________ (enter) Peking University, the boy works hard day and night.2.They insist on ________ (give) a chance to defeat the other team.3.It's difficult for me to make a ________ (distinct) between the twins.4.________ (defeat) by her partner again, the girl decided to find a new way.5.It is vital that we ________ (make) good use of each minute at school.6.He made a ________ (commit) to donating $50,000 to the scientific research.7.With the intention of achieving his ________ (academy) goals, he ________ (commit) to his study ever since.8.Upon ________ (graduate) from the university, the committed man took up a position in the company.9.When the wheel got ________ (stick) in the mud, he tried his best to push the cart out with his shoulder.10.Winning the game is crucial ________ the team, for the result will decide whether it can defend its title.维度3 完成句子1.在公园散步时,她偶然遇到了汤姆。
第一章 集合与函数的概念课时作业(一) 集合的含义姓名______________ 班级_________学号__________一、选择题(每小题5分,共20分)1.下列给出的对象中,能组成集合的是( ) A .一切很大的数 B .无限接近于0的数 C .美丽的小女孩D .方程x 2-1=0的实数根解析: 选项A ,B ,C 中的对象都没有明确的判断标准,不满足集合中元素的确定性,故A ,B ,C 中的对象都不能组成集合,故选D.答案: D2.设不等式3-2x <0的解集为M ,下列正确的是( ) A .0∈M,2∈M B .0∉M,2∈M C .0∈M,2∉M D .0∉M,2∉M解析: 从四个选项来看,本题是判断0和2与集合M 间的关系,因此只需判断0和2是否是不等式3-2x <0的解即可.当x =0时,3-2x =3>0,所以0不属于M ,即0∉M ;当x =2时,3-2x =-1<0,所以2属于M ,即2∈M . 答案: B3.由a 2,2-a,4组成一个集合A ,A 中含有3个元素,则实数a 的取值可以是( ) A .1 B .-2 C .6 D .2解析: 由题设知,a 2,2-a,4互不相等,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a 2≠2-a ,a 2≠4,2-a ≠4,解得a ≠-2,a ≠1,且a ≠2.当实数a 的取值是6时,三个数分别为36,-4,4,可以构成集合,故选C.答案: C4.已知x ,y ,z 为非零实数,代数式x |x |+y |y |+z |z |+|xyz |xyz的值所组成的集合是M ,则下列判断正确的是( )A .4∈MB .2∈MC .0∉MD .-4∉M解析: 当x ,y ,z 都大于零时,代数式的值为4,所以4∈M ,故选A. 答案: A二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)5.已知集合A 由方程(x -a )(x -a +1)=0的根构成,且2∈A ,则实数a 的值是________. 解析: 由(x -a )(x -a +1)=0得x =a 或x =a -1, 又∵2∈A ,∴当a =2时,a -1=1,集合A 中的元素为1,2,符合题意; 当a -1=2时,a =3,集合A 中的元素为2,3,符合题意. 综上可知,a =2或a =3. 答案: 2或36.设集合A 是由1,-2,a 2-1三个元素构成的集合,集合B 是由1,a 2-3a ,0三个元素构成的集合,若A =B ,则实数a =________.解析: 由集合相等的概念得⎩⎨⎧a 2-1=0,a 2-3a =-2,解得a =1. 答案: 1三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分)7.已知由方程kx 2-8x +16=0的根组成的集合A 只有一个元素,试求实数k 的值. 解析: 当k =0时,原方程变为-8x +16=0, 所以x =2,此时集合A 中只有一个元素2.当k ≠0时,要使一元二次方程kx 2-8x +16=0有一个实根, 需Δ=64-64k =0,即k =1.此时方程的解为x 1=x 2=4,集合A 中只有一个元素4.综上可知k =0或1.8.已知集合A 含有两个元素a -3和2a -1,若-3∈A ,试求实数a 的值. 解析: ∵-3∈A ,∴-3=a -3或-3=2a -1. 若-3=a -3,则a =0,此时集合A 中含有两个元素-3、-1,符合题意. 若-3=2a -1,则a =-1,此时集合A 中含有两个元素-4,-3,符合题意. 综上所述,a =0或a =-1. 尖子生题库☆☆☆9.(10分)设集合A 中含有三个元素3,x ,x 2-2x . (1)求实数x 应满足的条件; (2)若-2∈A ,求实数x .解析: (1)由集合元素的互异性可得 x ≠3,x 2-2x ≠x 且x 2-2x ≠3, 解得x ≠-1,x ≠0且x ≠3.(2)若-2∈A ,则x =-2或x 2-2x =-2. 由于x 2-2x =(x -1)2-1≥-1, 所以x =-2.课时作业(二) 集合的表示姓名______________ 班级_________学号__________一、选择题(每小题5分,共20分)1.对集合{1,5,9,13,17}用描述法来表示,其中正确的一个是( ) A .{x |x 是小于18的正奇数} B .{x |x =4k +1,k ∈Z ,且k <5} C .{x |x =4t -3,t ∈N ,且t ≤5} D .{x |x =4s -3,s ∈N +,且s ≤5}解析: A 中小于18的正奇数除给定集合中的元素外,还有3,7,11,15;B 中k 取负数,多了若干元素;C 中t =0时多了-3这个元素,只有D 是正确的.答案: D2.下列集合中,不同于另外三个的是( ) A .{y |y =2} B .{x =2} C .{2} D .{x |x 2-4x +4=0}解析: {x =2}表示的是由一个等式组成的集合,而其他三个集合均表示由元素2组成的集合.答案: B 3.(2012·新课标全国卷)已知集合A ={1,2,3,4,5},B ={(x ,y )|x ∈A ,y ∈A ,x -y ∈A },则B 中所含元素的个数为( )A .3B .6C .8D .10解析: 由x ∈A ,y ∈A 得x -y =0或x -y =±1或x -y =±2或x -y =±3或x -y =±4,故集合B 中所含元素的个数为10个. 答案: D4.给出下列说法:①直角坐标平面内,第一、三象限的点的集合为{(x ,y )|xy >0};②方程x -2+|y +2|=0的解集为{-2,2};③集合{(x ,y )|y =1-x }与{x |y =1-x }是相等的. 其中正确的说法有( ) A .1个 B .2个 C .3个 D .0个解析: 直角坐标平面内,第一、三象限的点的横、纵坐标是同号的,且集合中的代表元素为点(x ,y ),故①正确;方程x -2+|y +2|=0等价于⎩⎨⎧ x -2=0,y +2=0,即⎩⎨⎧x =2,y =-2,解为有序实数对(2,-2),即解集为{(2,-2)}或⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫(x ,y )⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎨⎧ x =2,y =-2,故②不正确;集合{(x ,y )|y =1-x }的代表元素是(x ,y ),集合{x |y =1-x }的代表元素是x ,一个是实数对,一个是实数,故这两个集合不相等,③不正确.故选A.答案: A二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)5.用列举法写出集合⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫33-x ∈Z | x ∈Z =________.解析: ∵33-x∈Z ,x ∈Z ,∴3能被3-x 整除,即3-x 为3的因数. ∴3-x =±1或3-x =±3, ∴33-x =±3或33-x=±1. 综上可知,-3,-1,1,3满足题意. 答案: {-3,-1,1,3}6.若3∈{m -1,3m ,m 2-1},则m =________. 解析: 由m -1=3,得m =4;由3m =3,得m =1,此时m -1=m 2-1=0,故舍去;由m 2-1=3,得m =±2.经检验,m =4或m =±2满足集合中元素的互异性. 故填4或±2. 答案: 4或±2三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分) 7.用列举法表示下列集合: ①{x ∈N|x 是15的约数};②{(x ,y )|x ∈{1,2},y ∈{1,2}}; ③{(x ,y )|x +y =2且x -2y =4}; ④{x |x =(-1)n ,n ∈N};⑤{(x ,y )|3x +2y =16,x ∈N ,y ∈N}; ⑥{(x ,y )|x ,y 分别是4的正整数约数}. 解析: ①{1,3,5,15}②{(1,1),(1,2),(2,1),(2,2)}(注:防止把{(1,2)}写成{1,2}或{x =1,y =2})③⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫⎝⎛⎭⎫83,-23 ④{-1,1}⑤{(0,8),(2,5),(4,2)}⑥{(1,1),(1,2),(1,4),(2,1),(2,2),(2,4),(4,1),(4,2),(4,4)} 8.用描述法表示下列集合: ①{3,9,27,81};②{-2,-4,-6,-8,-10}. 解析: ①{x |x =3n ,n ∈N *且n ≤4} ②{x |x =-2n ,n ∈N *且n ≤5} 尖子生题库☆☆☆9.(10分)定义集合运算A *B ={z |z =xy ,x ∈A ,y ∈B }.设A ={1,2},B ={0,2},则集合A *B 的所有元素之和是多少?解析: 当x =1或2,y =0时,z =0, 当x =1,y =2时,z =2; 当x =2,y =2时,z =4. ∴A *B ={0,2,4},∴所有元素之和为0+2+4=6.课时作业(三) 集合间的基本关系姓名______________ 班级_________学号__________一、选择题(每小题5分,共20分) 1.下列命题: ①空集没有子集;②任何集合至少有两个子集; ③空集是任何集合的真子集; ④若∅A ,则A ≠∅. 其中正确的有( ) A .0个 B .1个 C .2个D .3个解析: ①错,空集是任何集合的子集,有∅⊆∅;②错,如∅只有一个子集;③错,空集不是空集的真子集;④正确,因为空集是任何非空集合的真子集.答案: B2.已知集合A ={2,-1},集合B ={m 2-m ,-1},且A =B ,则实数m 等于( ) A .2 B .-1 C .2或-1 D .4解析: ∵A =B , ∴m 2-m =2,∴m =2或m =-1. 答案: C3.已知全集U =R ,则正确表示集合U ,M ={-1,0,1},N ={x |x 2+x =0}之间关系的Venn 图是( )解析: 由N ={x |x 2+x =0},得N ={-1,0},则N M U . 答案: B4.下列集合中,结果是空集的为( ) A .{x ∈R |x 2-4=0} B .{x |x >9或x <3} C .{(x ,y )|x 2+y 2=0} D .{x |x >9且x <3}解析: {x ∈R |x 2-4=0}={2,-2},{(x ,y )|x 2+y 2=0}={(0,0)},显然{x |x >9或x <3}不是空集,{x |x >9且x <3}是空集,选D. 答案: D二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)5.设集合A ={x |1<x <2},B ={x |x <a },若A B ,则实数a 的取值范围为________.解析: 在数轴上表示出两个集合(图略),因为A B ,所以a ≥2. 答案: a ≥26.已知∅{x |x 2-x +a =0},则实数a 的取值范围是________. 解析: ∵∅{x |x 2-x +a =0},∴方程x 2-x +a =0有实根,∴Δ=(-1)2-4a ≥0,a ≤14.答案: a ≤14三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分)7.已知{1}A ⊆{1,2,3},求满足条件的所有的集合A . 解析: 当A 中含有两个元素时, A ={1,2}或A ={1,3};当A 中含有三个元素时,A ={1,2,3}.所以满足已知条件的集合A 是{1,2},{1,3},{1,2,3}.8.已知集合A ={1,3,x 2},B ={x +2,1}.是否存在实数x ,使得B ⊆A ?若存在,求出集合A ,B ;若不存在,说明理由.解析: 假设存在实数x ,使B ⊆A , 则x +2=3或x +2=x 2.(1)当x +2=3时,x =1,此时A ={1,3,1},不满足集合元素的互异性.故x ≠1. (2)当x +2=x 2时,即x 2-x -2=0,故x =-1或x =2. ①当x =-1时,A ={1,3,1},与元素互异性矛盾, 故x ≠-1.②当x =2时,A ={1,3,4},B ={4,1},显然有B ⊆A . 综上所述,存在x =2,使A ={1,3,4},B ={4,1}满足B ⊆A . 尖子生题库☆☆☆9.(10分)设集合A ={x |a -2<x <a +2},B ={x |-2<x <3}. (1)若A B ,求实数a 的取值范围; (2)是否存在实数a 使B ⊆A?解析: (1)借助数轴可得,a 应满足的条件为⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ a -2>-2,a +2≤3或⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a -2≥-2,a +2<3.解得:0≤a ≤1. (2)同理可得,a 应满足的条件为⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a -2≤-2,a +2≥3,得a 无解,所以不存在实数a 使B ⊆A .课时作业(四) 交集、并集姓名______________ 班级_________学号__________一、选择题(每小题5分,共20分)1.已知集合M ={-1,1,2},集合N ={y |y =x 2,x ∈M },则M ∩N 是( ) A .{1,2,4} B .{1} C .{1,2} D .∅ 解析: ∵M ={-1,1,2},x ∈M , ∴x =-1或1或2. 由y =x 2得y =1或4,∴N ={1,4},M ∩N ={1}. 答案: B 2.设集合A ={x ∈Z |-10≤x ≤-1},B ={ x ∈Z ||x |≤5},则A ∪B 中的元素个数是( ) A .10 B .11 C .15 D .16 解析: A ={-10,-9,-8,-7,-6,…,-1}, B ={-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5}, ∴A ∪B ={-10,-9,-8,…,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5},A ∪B 中共16个元素. 答案: D3.已知M ={(x ,y )|x +y =2},N ={(x ,y )|x -y =4},则M ∩N =( ) A .x =3,y =-1 B .(3,-1) C .{3,-1} D .{(3,-1)}解析: M ,N 均为点集,由⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ x +y =2,x -y =4,得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x =3,y =-1,∴M ∩N ={(3,-1)}. 答案: D4.设集合A ={x |-1≤x ≤2},B ={x |0≤x ≤4},则A ∩B 等于( ) A .{x |0≤x ≤2} B .{x |1≤x ≤2} C .{x |0≤x ≤4} D .{x |1≤x ≤4} 解析: 在数轴上表示出集合A 与B ,如下图.则由交集的定义知,A ∩B ={x |0≤x ≤2}. 答案: A二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)5.设集合A ={x |x ≥0},B ={x |x <1},则A ∪B =________. 解析: 结合数轴分析得A ∪B =R .答案: R6.设集合A ={x |-1<x <2},B ={x |x <a },若A ∩B ≠∅,则a 的取值范围是________. 解析: 利用数轴分析可知,a >-1.答案: a >-1三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分)7.已知M ={1},N ={1,2},设A ={(x ,y )|x ∈M ,y ∈N },B ={(x ,y )|x ∈N ,y ∈M },求A ∩B 和A ∪B .解析: A ∩B ={(1,1)},A ∪B ={(1,1),(1,2),(2,1)}8.已知A ={x |2a ≤x ≤a +3},B ={x |x <-1或x >5},若A ∪B =R ,求a 的取值范围. 解析: 若A ∪B =R ,如图所示,则必有2a ≤-1且a +3≥5,∴a ≤-12且a ≥2,此时a 无解.尖子生题库☆☆☆9.(10分)集合A ={x |-1≤x <3},B ={x |2x -4≥x -2}. (1)求A ∩B ;(2)若集合C ={x |2x +a >0},满足B ∪C =C ,求实数a 的取值范围. 解析: (1)∵B ={x |x ≥2}, ∴A ∩B ={x |2≤x <3}.(2)C =⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫x ⎪⎪x >-a 2, B ∪C =C ⇒B ⊆C , ∴-a2<2,∴a >-4.课时作业(五)补集及综合应用姓名______________ 班级_________学号__________一、选择题(每小题5分,共20分)1.若全集U={0,1,2,3}且∁U A={2},则集合A的真子集共有()A.3个B.5个C.7个D.8个解析:A={0,1,3},集合A的真子集共有8个.答案: D2.图中的阴影部分表示的集合是()A.A∩(∁U B) B.B∩(∁U A)C.∁U(A∩B) D.∁U(A∪B)解析:阴影部分表示集合B与集合A的补集的交集.因此,阴影部分所表示的集合为B∩(∁U A).答案: B3.已知U为全集,集合M,N⊆U,若M∩N=N,则()A.∁U N⊆∁U M B.M⊆∁U NC.∁U M⊆∁U N D.∁U N⊆M解析:由M∩N=N知N⊆M.∴∁U M⊆∁U N.答案: C4.(2012·山东卷)已知全集U={0,1,2,3,4},集合A={1,2,3},B={2,4},则(∁U A)∪B为()A.{1,2,4} B.{2,3,4}C.{0,2,4} D.{0,2,3,4}解析:∵∁U A={0,4},B={2,4},∴(∁U A)∪B={0,2,4}.答案: C二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)5.已知全集U=R,集合A={x|-2≤x≤3},B={x|x<-1或x>4},那么集合A∩(∁U B)等于________________________________________________________________________.解析:∁U B={x|-1≤x≤4},A∩(∁U B)={x|-1≤x≤3}.答案:{x|-1≤x≤3}6.已知集合A={x|x≤a},B={x|1≤x≤2},且A∪∁R B=R,则实数a的取值范围是________.解析:∵∁R B=(-∞,1)∪(2,+∞)且A∪∁R B=R,∴{x|1≤x≤2}⊆A,∴a≥2.答案:[2,+∞)三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分)7.已知全集U={x|x≤4},集合A={x|-2<x<3},B={x|-3<x≤3},求∁U A,A∩B,∁U(A∩B),(∁U A)∩B.解析:由下图可知,∁U A ={x |x ≤-2或3≤x ≤4}, A ∩B ={x |-2<x <3},∁U (A ∩B )={x |x ≤-2或3≤x ≤4},(∁U A )∩B ={x |-3<x ≤-2或x =3}.8.已知集合A ={x |2a -2<x <a },B ={x |1<x <2},且A ∁R B ,求a 的取值范围. 解析: ∁R B ={x |x ≤1或x ≥2}≠∅, ∵A ∁R B ,∴分A =∅和A ≠∅两种情况讨论. (1)若A =∅,此时有2a -2≥a ,∴a ≥2. (2)若A ≠∅,则有⎩⎨⎧2a -2<a ,a ≤1或⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2a -2<a ,2a -2≥2.∴a ≤1.综上所述,a ≤1或a ≥2. 尖子生题库☆☆☆9.(10分)已知集合A ={1,3,-x 3},B ={1,x +2},是否存在实数x ,使得B ∪(∁A B )=A ?实数x 若存在,求出集合A 和B ;若不存在,说明理由.解析: 假设存在x ,使B ∪(∁A B )=A ,∴B A . (1)若x +2=3,则x =1符合题意. (2)若x +2=-x 3,则x =-1不符合题意. ∴存在x =1,使B ∪(∁A B )=A , 此时A ={1,3,-1},B ={1,3}.课时作业(六) 函数的概念姓名______________ 班级_________学号__________一、选择题(每小题5分,共20分)1.对于函数y =f (x ),以下说法正确的有( )①y 是x 的函数;②对于不同的x ,y 的值也不同;③f (a )表示当x =a 时函数f (x )的值,是一个常量;④f (x )一定可以用一个具体的式子表示出来.A .1个B .2个C .3个D .4个 答案: B2.函数f (x )=⎝⎛⎭⎫x -120+|x 2-1|x +2的定义域为( )A.⎝⎛⎭⎫-2,12 B .(-2,+∞) C.⎝⎛⎭⎫-2,12∪⎝⎛⎭⎫12,+∞ D.⎝⎛⎭⎫12,+∞解析: 要使函数式有意义,必有x -12≠0且x +2>0,即x >-2且x ≠12.答案: C3.已知函数f (x )=x 2+px +q 满足f (1)=f (2)=0,则f (-1)的值是( ) A .5 B .-5 C .6 D .-6解析: 由f (1)=f (2)=0,得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧1+p +q =0,4+2p +q =0,∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧p =-3,q =2,∴f (x )=x 2-3x +2, ∴f (-1)=(-1)2-3×(-1)+2=6. 答案: C4.若函数g (x +2)=2x +3,则g (3)的值是( ) A .9 B .7 C .5 D .3解析: g (3)=g (1+2)=2×1+3=5. 答案: C二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)5.函数f (x )=x 2-2x +5定义域为A ,值域为B ,则集合A 与B 的关系是________. 解析: 显然二次函数的定义域为A =R , 又∵f (x )=x 2-2x +5=(x -1)2+4≥4, ∴B =[4,+∞),∴A B . 答案: A B6.设f (x )=11+x,则f [f (x )]=________.解析: f [f (x )]=f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫11+x =11+11+x =x +1x +2(x ≠-1且x ≠-2). 答案:x +1x +2(x ≠-1且x ≠-2) 三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分) 7.判断下列各组函数是否是相等函数. (1)f (x )=(x -2)2,g (x )=x -2;(2)f (x )=x 3+xx 2+1,g (x )=x .解析: (1)∵f (x )=(x -2)2=|x -2|,g (x )=x -2,∴两函数的对应关系不同,故不是相等函数. (2)∵f (x )=x 3+xx 2+1=x ,g (x )=x ,又∵两个函数的定义域均为R ,对应关系相同,故是相等函数.8.已知函数f (x )=6x -1-x +4,(1)求函数f (x )的定义域; (2)求f (-1), f (12)的值.解析: (1)根据题意知x -1≠0且x +4≥0, ∴x ≥-4且x ≠1,即函数f (x )的定义域为[-4,1)∪(1,+∞).(2)f (-1)=6-2--1+4=-3- 3.f (12)=612-1-12+4=611-4=-3811.尖子生题库☆☆☆9.(10分)已知函数f (x )=x 21+x 2.(1)求f (2)与f ⎝⎛⎭⎫12, f (3)与f ⎝⎛⎭⎫13. (2)由(1)中求得结果,你能发现f (x )与f ⎝⎛⎭⎫1x 有什么关系?并证明你的发现. (3)求f (1)+f (2)+f (3)+…+f (2 013)+f ⎝⎛⎭⎫12+f ⎝⎛⎭⎫13+…+f ⎝⎛⎭⎫12 013. 解析: (1)∵f (x )=x 21+x 2,∴f (2)=221+22=45,f ⎝⎛⎭⎫12=⎝⎛⎭⎫1221+⎝⎛⎭⎫122=15, f (3)=321+32=910,f ⎝⎛⎭⎫13=⎝⎛⎭⎫1321+⎝⎛⎭⎫132=110. (2)由(1)发现f (x )+f ⎝⎛⎭⎫1x =1. 证明如下:f (x )+f ⎝⎛⎭⎫1x =x 21+x 2+⎝⎛⎭⎫1x 21+⎝⎛⎭⎫1x 2=x 21+x 2+11+x 2=1. (3)f (1)=121+12=12.由(2)知f (2)+f ⎝⎛⎭⎫12=1,f (3)+f ⎝⎛⎭⎫13=1, …,f (2 013)+f ⎝⎛⎭⎫12 013=1,∴原式=12+1+1+1+…+1 2 012个=2 012+12 =4 0252.课时作业(七) 函数的三种表示法姓名______________ 班级_________学号__________一、选择题(每小题5分,共20分)1.已知函数f (x )的定义域A ={x |0≤x ≤2},值域B ={y |1≤y ≤2},下列选项中,能表示f (x )的图象的只可能是( )解析: 根据函数的定义,观察图象,对于选项A ,B ,值域为{y |0≤y ≤2},不符合题意,而C 中当0<x <2时,一个自变量x 对应两个不同的y ,不是函数.故选D.答案: D2.已知函数f (2x +1)=3x +2,且f (a )=2,则a 的值等于( ) A .8 B .1 C .5 D .-1解析: 由f (2x +1)=3x +2,令2x +1=t , ∴x =t -12,∴f (t )=3·t -12+2,∴f (x )=3(x -1)2+2,∴f (a )=3(a -1)2+2=2,∴a =1.答案: B3.已知函数f (x )由下表给出,则f (f (3))等于( )x 1 2 3 4 f (x ) 3 2 41A.1 C .3 D .4 解析: ∵f (3)=4,∴f (f (3))=f (4)=1. 答案: A4.(2012·临沂高一检测)函数y =f (x )的图象如图所示,则函数y =f (x )的解析式为( ) A .f (x )=(x -a )2(b -x ) B .f (x )=(x -a )2(x +b ) C .f (x )=-(x -a )2(x +b ) D .f (x )=(x -a )2(x -b )解析: 由图象知,当x =b 时,f (x )=0,故排除B ,C ;又当x >b 时,f (x )<0,故排除D.故应选A.答案: A二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)5.(2011·济南高一检测)如图,函数f (x )的图象是曲线OAB ,其中点O ,A ,B 的坐标分别为(0,0),(1,2),(3,1),则f ⎝⎛⎭⎫1f (3)的值等于________.解析: ∵f (3)=1,1f (3)=1,∴f ⎝⎛⎭⎫1f (3)=f (1)=2. 答案: 26.已知f (x )是一次函数,且f [f (x )]=4x +3,则f (x )=________.解析: 设f (x )=ax +b (a ≠0),则f [f (x )]=f (ax +b )=a (ax +b )+b =a 2x +ab +b =4x +3,∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ a 2=4,ab +b =3,解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ a =2,b =1,或⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a =-2,b =-3.故所求的函数为f (x )=2x +1或f (x )=-2x -3. 答案: 2x +1或-2x -3三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分) 7.求下列函数解析式:(1)已知f (x )是一次函数,且满足3f (x +1)-f (x )=2x +9,求f (x ). (2)已知f (x +1)=x 2+4x +1,求f (x )的解析式. 解析: (1)由题意,设函数为f (x )=ax +b (a ≠0), ∵3f (x +1)-f (x )=2x +9, ∴3a (x +1)+3b -ax -b =2x +9, 即2ax +3a +2b =2x +9,由恒等式性质,得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2a =2,3a +2b =9,∴a =1,b =3.∴所求函数解析式为f (x )=x +3. (2)设x +1=t ,则x =t -1, f (t )=(t -1)2+4(t -1)+1, 即f (t )=t 2+2t -2.∴所求函数为f (x )=x 2+2x -2.8.作出下列函数的图象: (1)y =1-x ,x ∈Z ;(2)y =x 2-4x +3,x ∈[1,3].解析: (1)因为x ∈Z ,所以图象为一条直线上的孤立点,如图1所示. (2)y =x 2-4x +3=(x -2)2-1, 当x =1,3时,y =0;当x =2时,y =-1,其图象如图2所示.尖子生题库☆☆☆9.(10分)求下列函数解析式.(1)已知2f ⎝⎛⎭⎫1x +f (x )=x (x ≠0),求f (x ); (2)已知f (x )+2f (-x )=x 2+2x ,求f (x ).解析: (1)∵f (x )+2f ⎝⎛⎭⎫1x =x ,将原式中的x 与1x互换, 得f ⎝⎛⎭⎫1x +2f (x )=1x. 于是得关于f (x )的方程组⎩⎨⎧f (x )+2f ⎝⎛⎭⎫1x =x ,f ⎝⎛⎭⎫1x +2f (x )=1x,解得f (x )=23x -x3(x ≠0).(2)∵f (x )+2f (-x )=x 2+2x ,将x 换成-x ,得f (-x )+2f (x )=x 2-2x , ∴将以上两式消去f (-x ),得3f (x )=x 2-6x ,∴f (x )=13x 2-2x .课时作业(八) 分段函数和映射姓名______________ 班级_________学号__________一、选择题(每小题5分,共20分) 1.如图中所示的对应:其中构成映射的个数为( )A .3B .4C .5D .6解析:序号 是否为映射原因① 是 满足取元任意性,成象唯一性 ② 是 满足取元任意性、成象唯一性 ③ 是 满足取元任意性、成象唯一性 ④ 不是 是一对多,不满足成象唯一性 ⑤ 不是 是一对多,不满足成象唯一性 ⑥不是a 3,a 4无象、不满足取元任意性答案: 2.已知函数y =⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 2+1 (x ≤0)-2x (x >0),使函数值为5的x 的值是( )A .-2或2B .2或-52C .-2D .2或-2或-52解析: 若x ≤0,则x 2+1=5 解得x =-2或x =2(舍去).若x >0,则-2x =5,∴x =-52(舍去),综上x =-2. 答案: C3.已知映射f :A →B ,即对任意a ∈A ,f :a →|a |.其中集合A ={-3,-2,-1,2,3,4},集合B 中的元素都是A 中元素在映射f 下的对应元素,则集合B 中元素的个数是( )A .7B .6C .5D .4解析: |-3|=|3|,|-2|=|2|,|-1|=1,|4|=4,且集合元素具有互异性,故B 中共有4个元素,∴B ={1,2,3,4}. 答案: D4.已知f (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x -5 (x ≥6)f (x +2) (x <6),则f (3)为( )A .3B .2C .4D .5解析: f (3)=f (3+2)=f (5),f (5)=f (5+2)=f (7),∴f (7)=7-5=2.故f (3)=2. 答案: B二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)5.f (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧3x +2,x <1x 2+ax ,x ≥1,若f (f (0))=4a ,则实数a =________.解析: ∵f (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧3x +2 x <1x 2+ax x ≥1,∴f (0)=2,∴f (f (0))=f (2)=4+2a , ∴4+2a =4a ,∴a =2.答案: 26.已知集合A 中元素(x ,y )在映射f 下对应B 中元素(x +y ,x -y ),则B 中元素(4,-2)在A 中对应的元素为________.解析: 由题意知⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ x +y =4x -y =-2∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x =1y =3答案: (1,3)三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分)7.已知f (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 2, -1≤x ≤11, x >1或x <-1,(1)画出f (x )的图象;(2)求f (x )的定义域和值域.解析: (1)利用描点法,作出f (x )的图象,如图所示. (2)由条件知, 函数f (x )的定义域为R .由图象知,当-1≤x ≤1时,f (x )=x 2的值域为[0,1], 当x >1或x <-1时,f (x )=1,所以f (x )的值域为[0,1].8.如图所示,函数f (x )的图象是折线段ABC ,其中A 、B 、C 的坐标分别为(0,4),(2,0),(6,4).(1)求f (f (0))的值;(2)求函数f (x )的解析式.解析: (1)直接由图中观察,可得 f (f (0))=f (4)=2.(2)设线段AB 所对应的函数解析式为y =kx +b ,将⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ x =0,y =4与⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ x =2,y =0代入,得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 4=b ,0=2k +b .∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧b =4,k =-2. ∴y =-2x +4(0≤x ≤2).同理,线段BC 所对应的函数解析式为y =x -2(2≤x ≤6).∴f (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧-2x +4, 0≤x ≤2,x -2, 2<x ≤6.尖子生题库☆☆☆9.(10分)“水”这个曾经被人认为取之不尽,用之不竭的资源,竟然到了严重制约我国经济发展,严重影响人民生活的程度.因为缺水,每年给我国工业造成的损失达2 000亿元,给我国农业造成的损失达1 500亿元,严重缺水困扰全国三分之二的城市.为了节约用水,某市打算出台一项水费政策,规定每季度每人用水量不超过5吨时,每吨水费1.2元,若超过5吨而不超过6吨时,超过的部分的水费按原价的200%收费,若超过6吨而不超过7吨时,超过部分的水费按原价的400%收费,如果某人本季度实际用水量为x (x ≤7)吨,试计算本季度他应交的水费y .(单位:元)解析: 由题意知,当0<x ≤5时,y =1.2x , 当5<x ≤6时,y =1.2×5+(x -5)×1.2×2=2.4x -6. 当6<x ≤7时,y =1.2×5+(6-5)×1.2×2+(x -6)×1.2×4=4.8x -20.4.所以y =⎩⎨⎧1.2x (0<x ≤5)2.4x -6 (5<x ≤6)4.8x -20.4 (6<x ≤7).课时作业(九) 函数的单调性姓名______________ 班级_________学号__________一、选择题(每小题5分,共20分)1. (2010·北京)给定函数①y =x 12,②y =log 12(x +1),③y =|x -1|,④y =2x +1,其中在区间(0,1)上单调递减的函数的序号是( ) A .①② B .②③ C .③④D .①④答案 B解析 ①函数y =x 12在(0,+∞)上为增函数,故在(0,1)上也为增函数;②y =log 12(x +1)在(-1,+∞)上为减函数,故在(0,1)上也为减函数,③y =|x -1|在(0,1)上为减函数,④y =2x +1在(-∞,+∞)上为增函数,故在(0,1)上也为增函数. 2. 函数f (x )=ln(4+3x -x 2)的单调递减区间是( )A.⎝⎛⎦⎤-∞,32 B.⎣⎡⎭⎫32,+∞ C.⎝⎛⎦⎤-1,32D.⎣⎡⎭⎫32,4答案 D解析 函数f (x )的定义域是(-1,4),u (x )=-x 2+3x +4=-⎝⎛⎭⎫x -322+254的减区间为⎣⎡⎭⎫32,4,∵e>1,∴函数f (x )的单调减区间为⎣⎡⎭⎫32,4.点评 本题的易错点是:易忽略f (x )的定义域.一定注意定义域优先的原则. 3. 若函数y =ax 与y =-bx在(0,+∞)上都是减函数,则y =ax 2+bx 在(0,+∞)上是( )A .增函数B .减函数C .先增后减D .先减后增答案 B解析 ∵y =ax 与y =-bx 在(0,+∞)上都是减函数,∴a <0,b <0,∴y =ax 2+bx 的对称轴方程x =-b2a <0,∴y =ax 2+bx 在(0,+∞)上为减函数.4. 已知奇函数f (x )对任意的正实数x 1,x 2(x 1≠x 2),恒有(x 1-x 2)(f (x 1)-f (x 2))>0,则一定正确的是( )A .f (4)>f (-6)B .f (-4)<f (-6)C .f (-4)>f (-6)D .f (4)<f (-6)答案 C解析 显然(4-6)(f (4)-f (6))>0⇒f (4)<f (6),结合奇函数的定义,得-f (4)=f (-4),-f (6)=f (-6). 故f (-4)>f (-6).二、填空题(每小题5分,共15分)5. 设x 1,x 2为y =f (x )的定义域内的任意两个变量,有以下几个命题:①(x 1-x 2)[f (x 1)-f (x 2)]>0; ②(x 1-x 2)[f (x 1)-f (x 2)]<0; ③f (x 1)-f (x 2)x 1-x 2>0;④f (x 1)-f (x 2)x 1-x 2<0.其中能推出函数y =f (x )为增函数的命题为________.(填序号) 答案 ①③解析 依据增函数的定义可知,对于①③,当自变量增大时,相对应的函数值也增大,所以①③可推出函数y =f (x )为增函数.6. 如果函数f (x )=ax 2+2x -3在区间(-∞,4)上是单调递增的,则实数a 的取值范围是__________. 答案 ⎣⎡⎦⎤-14,0 解析 (1)当a =0时,f (x )=2x -3,在定义域R 上是单调递增的,故在(-∞,4)上单调递增;(2)当a ≠0时,二次函数f (x )的对称轴为直线x =-1a ,因为f (x )在(-∞,4)上单调递增,所以a <0,且-1a ≥4,解得-14≤a <0.综上所述-14≤a ≤0.点评 本题首先应该对参数a 进行分类讨论,然后再针对a ≠0时的情况,根据二次函数的对称轴与单调区间的位置关系确定参数的取值范围.本题易出现的问题是默认函数f (x 为二次函数,忽略对a 是否为0的讨论.7. 已知函数f (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧e -x -2 (x ≤0)2ax -1 (x >0)(a 是常数且a >0).对于下列命题:①函数f (x )的最小值是-1; ②函数f (x )在R 上是单调函数;③若f (x )>0在⎣⎡⎭⎫12,+∞上恒成立,则a 的取值范围是a >1; ④对任意的x 1<0,x 2<0且x 1≠x 2,恒有f ⎝⎛⎭⎫x 1+x 22<f (x 1)+f (x 2)2.其中正确命题的序号是________. 答案 ①③④ 解析根据题意可画出草图,由图象可知,①显然正确; 函数f (x )在R 上不是单调函数,故②错误;若f (x )>0在⎣⎡⎭⎫12,+∞上恒成立,则2a ×12-1>0,a >1,故③正确; 由图象可知在(-∞,0)上对任意的x 1<0,x 2<0且x 1≠x 2,恒有f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x 1+x 22<f (x 1)+f (x 2)2成立,故④正确. 三、解答题8. (10分)已知函数y =f (x )在[0,+∞)上是减函数,试比较f ⎝⎛⎭⎫34与f (a 2-a +1)的大小.解 ∵a 2-a +1=⎝⎛⎭⎫a -122+34≥34>0, 又∵y =f (x )在[0,+∞)上是减函数, ∴f (a 2-a +1)≤f ⎝⎛⎭⎫34.点评 本题是应用函数单调性的定义来比较函数值的大小,在应用函数单调性的定义时,必须要求自变量的值都在函数的同一单调区间内.课时作业(十) 函数的最大(小)值姓名______________ 班级_________学号__________一、选择题(每小题5分,共20分)1.函数y =1x 2在区间⎣⎡⎦⎤12,2上的最大值是( ) A.14 B .-1 C .4 D .-4解析: ∵函数y =1x 2在⎣⎡⎦⎤12,2上是减函数, ∴y max =1⎝⎛⎭⎫122=4.答案: C2.函数f (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2x +6,(x ∈[1,2])x +7,(x ∈[-1,1))则f (x )的最大值、最小值分别为( )A .10,6B .10,8C .8,6D .以上都不对解析: f (x )在[-1,2]上单调递增,∴最大值为f (2)=10,最小值为f (-1)=6. 答案: A3.已知函数f (x )=-x 2+4x +a ,x ∈[0,1],若f (x )有最小值-2,则f (x )的最大值为( ) A .-1 B .0 C .1 D .2 解析: f (x )=-(x 2-4x +4)+a +4=-(x -2)2+4+a . ∴函数f (x )图象的对称轴为x =2, ∴f (x )在[0,1]上单调递增.又∵f (x )min =-2,∴f (0)=-2,即a =-2.∴f (x )max =f (1)=-1+4-2=1. 答案: C4.当0≤x ≤2时,a <-x 2+2x 恒成立,则实数a 的取值范围是( ) A .(-∞,1] B .(-∞,0) C .(-∞,0] D .(0,+∞)解析: a <-x 2+2x 恒成立,则a 小于函数f (x )=-x 2+2x ,x ∈[0,2]的最小值,而f (x )=-x 2+2x ,x ∈[0,2]的最小值为0,故a <0. 答案: B二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)5.函数f (x )=xx +2在区间[2,4]上的最大值为________,最小值为________.解析: ∵f (x )=x x +2=x +2-2x +2=1-2x +2,∴函数f (x )在[2,4]上是增函数, ∴f (x )min =f (2)=22+2=12,f (x )max =f (4)=44+2=23.答案: 23 126.在已知函数f (x )=4x 2-mx +1,在(-∞,-2]上递减,在[-2,+∞)上递增,则f (x )在[1,2]上的值域________.解析: 由题意知x =-2是f (x )的对称轴,则m2×4=-2,m =-16,∴f (x )=4x 2+16x +1 =4(x +2)2-15.又∵f (x )在[1,2]上单调递增.f (1)=21, f (2)=49,∴在[1,2]上的值域为[21,49]. 答案: [21,49]三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分)7.已知函数f (x )=x 2-2x +2,x ∈A ,当A 为下列区间时,分别求f (x )的最大值和最小值. (1)A =[-2,0];(2)A =[2,3].解析: f (x )=x 2-2x +2=(x -1)2+1,其对称轴为x=1.(1)A=[-2,0]为函数的递减区间,∴f(x)的最小值是2,最大值是10;(2)A=[2,3]为函数的递增区间,∴f(x)的最小值是2,最大值是5.8.已知函数f(x)=x-1x+2,x∈[3,5],(1)判断函数f(x)的单调性并证明.(2)求函数f(x)的最大值和最小值.解析:(1)任取x1,x2∈[3,5]且x1<x2,则f(x1)-f(x2)=x1-1x1+2-x2-1x2+2=(x1-1)(x2+2)-(x2-1)(x1+2)(x1+2)(x2+2)=x1x2+2x1-x2-2-x1x2-2x2+x1+2(x1+2)(x2+2)=3(x1-x2) (x1+2)(x2+2).∵x1,x2∈[3,5]且x1<x2,∴x1-x2<0,x1+2>0,x2+2>0,∴f(x1)-f(x2)<0,∴f(x1)<f(x2),∴函数f(x)=x-1x+2在x∈[3,5]上为增函数.(2)由(1)知,当x=3时,函数f(x)取得最小值为f(3)=2 5;当x=5时,函数f(x)取得最大值为f(5)=47.尖子生题库☆☆☆9.(10分)如图所示,动物园要建造一面靠墙的两间一样大小的长方形动物笼舍,可供建造围墙的材料总长为30 m,问:每间笼舍的宽度x为多少时,才能使得每间笼舍面积y达到最大?每间笼舍最大面积为多少?解析:设总长为b,由题意知b=30-3x,可得y=12xb,即y=12x(30-3x)=-32(x-5)2+37.5,x∈(0,10).当x=5时,y取得最大值37.5,即每间笼舍的宽度为5 m时,每间笼舍面积y达到最大,最大面积为37.5 m2.课时作业(十一) 函数的奇偶性姓名______________ 班级_________学号__________一、选择题(每小题5分,共20分) 1.函数f (x )=x 2+3的奇偶性是( ) A .奇函数 B .偶函数C .既是奇函数又是偶函数D .既不是奇函数又不是偶函数 解析: 函数f (x )=x 2+3的定义域为R ,f (-x )=(-x )2+3=x 2+3=f (x ),所以该函数是偶函数,故选B. 答案: B2.下列四个结论:①偶函数的图象一定与y 轴相交; ②奇函数的图象一定通过原点; ③偶函数的图象关于y 轴对称;④既是奇函数又是偶函数的函数是f (x )=0. 其中正确命题的个数为( ) A .1 B .2 C .3 D .4解析: 偶函数的图象关于y 轴对称,但不一定与y 轴相交,如y =1x2,故①错,③对;奇函数的图象不一定通过原点,如y =1x ,故②错;既奇又偶的函数除了满足f (x )=0,还要满足定义域关于原点对称,④错.故选A.答案: A3.已知f (x )=x 5+ax 3+bx -8,且f (-2)=10,则f (2)等于( ) A .-10 B .-18 C .-26 D .10解析: 由函数g (x )=x 5+ax 3+bx 是奇函数,得g (-x )=-g (x ),∵f (2)=g (2)-8,f (-2)=g (-2)-8,∴f (2)+f (-2)=-16.又f (-2)=10,∴f (2)=-16-f (-2)=-16-10=-26. 答案: C4.已知函数f (x )在[-5,5]上是偶函数,f (x )在[0,5]上是单调函数,且f (-3)<f (-1),则下列不等式一定成立的是( )A .f (-1)<f (3)B .f (2)<f (3)C .f (-3)<f (5)D .f (0)>f (1)解析: 函数f (x )在[-5,5]上是偶函数,因此f (x )=f (-x ),于是f (-3)=f (3),f (-1)=f (1),则f (3)<f (1).又∵f (x )在[0,5]上是单调函数,从而函数f (x )在[0,5]上是减函数,观察四个选项,并注意到f (x )=f (-x ),易知只有D 正确. 答案: D二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)5.已知函数f (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧-x 2+2x ,x >0,0,x =0,x 2+mx ,x <0是奇函数,则m =________.解析: 当x <0时,-x >0,f (-x )=-(-x )2+2(-x )=-x 2-2x .又∵f (x )为奇函数, ∴f (-x )=-f (x )=-x 2-2x .∴f (x )=x 2+2x =x 2+mx ,∴m =2. 答案: 26.若函数f (x )=ax 2+2在[3-a,5]上是偶函数,则a =________.解析: 由题意可知3-a =-5,∴a =8. 答案: 8三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分)7.已知函数f (x )=ax +b 1+x 2是定义在(-1,1)上的奇函数,且f ⎝⎛⎭⎫12=25,求函数f (x )的解析式. 解析: ∵f (x )是定义在(-1,1)上的奇函数, ∴f (0)=0,即b1+02=0,∴b =0.又f ⎝⎛⎭⎫12=12a 1+14=25,∴a =1, ∴f (x )=x1+x 2.8.已知函数f (x )是定义域为R 的奇函数,当x >0时, f (x )=x 2-2x .(1)求出函数f (x )在R 上的解析式; (2)画出函数f (x )的图象.解析: (1)①由于函数f (x )是定义域为R 的奇函数, 则f (0)=0;②当x <0时,-x >0,∵f (x )是奇函数, ∴f (-x )=-f (x ), ∴f (x )=-f (-x ) =-[(-x )2-2(-x )] =-x 2-2x ,综上:f (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 2-2x , (x >0)0, (x =0)-x 2-2x . (x <0)(2)图象如图:尖子生题库☆☆☆9.(10分)已知函数y =f (x )不恒为0,且对于任意x 、y ∈R ,都有f (x +y )=f (x )+f (y ),求证:y =f (x )是奇函数.证明: 在f (x +y )=f (x )+f (y )中, 令y =-x ,得f (0)=f (x )+f (-x ),令x =y =0,则f (0)=f (0)+f (0),所以f (0)=0. 所以f (x )+f (-x )=0, 即f (-x )=-f (x ), 所以y =f (x )是奇函数.第二章 基本初等函数(Ⅰ)课时作业(十二) 指数与指数幂的运算姓名______________ 班级_________学号__________一、选择题(每小题5分,共20分)1.5m -2可化为( )A .m -25B .m 52C .m 25D .-m 52答案: A2.当2-x 有意义时,化简x 2-4x +4-x 2-6x +9的结果是( ) A .2x -5 B .-2x -1 C .-1 D .5-2x 解析:2-x 有意义,须有2-x ≥0,即x ≤2,x 2-4x +4-x 2-6x +9 =(x -2)2-(x -3)2=2-x -(3-x ) =-1. 答案: C3.计算0.25-0.5+⎝⎛⎭⎫127-13-416的值为( )A .7B .3C .7或3D .5解析: 0.25-0.5+⎝⎛⎭⎫127-13-416=⎝⎛⎭⎫122×⎝⎛⎭⎫-12+⎝⎛⎭⎫133×⎝⎛⎭⎫-13-424=2+3-2=3. 答案: B4.下列式子中,错误的是( )A .(27a 3)13÷0.3a -1=10a 2B .(a 23-b 23)÷(a 13+b 13)=a 13-b 13C .[(22+3)2(22-3)2]12=-1D.4a 3a 2a =24a 11解析: 对于A ,原式=3a ÷0.3a -1=3a 20.3=10a 2,A 正确; 对于B ,原式=(a 13-b 13)(a 13+b 13)a 13+b 13=a 13-b 13,B 正确;对于C ,原式=[(3+22)2(3-22)2]12=(3+22)·(3-22)=1,这里注意3>22,a12(a ≥0)是正数,C 错误;对于D ,原式=4a 3a 52=4a ·a 56=a 1124=24a 11,D 正确. 答案: C二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分) 5.有下列说法: ①3-27=3;②16的4次方根是±2;③481=±3;④(x +y )2=|x +y |.其中,正确的有________(填上正确说法的序号). 解析: 当n 是奇数时,负数的n 次方根是一个负数,故3-27=-3,故①错误;16的4次方根有两个,为±2,故②正确;481=3,故③错误;(x +y )2是正数,故2(x +y )2=|x +y |,故④正确.答案: ②④6.化简(2a -3b -23)·(-3a -1b )÷(4a -4b -53)得________.解析: 原式=-6a -4b134a -4b -53=-32b 2.答案: -32b 2三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分) 7.计算下列各式:(1)481×923;(2)23×31.5×612. 解析: (1)原式=[34×(343)12]14=(34+23)14=3143×14=376 =363.(2)原式=2×312×⎝⎛⎭⎫3213×(3×22)16=21-13+13×312+13+16=2×3=6.8.计算下列各式:(1)823×100-12×(0.25)-3×⎝⎛⎭⎫1681-34; (2)(2a 23b 12)·(-6a 12b 13)÷(-3a 16·b 56).解析: (1)原式=(23)23×(102)-12×(2-2)-3×⎣⎡⎦⎤⎝⎛⎭⎫234-34 =22×10-1×26×⎝⎛⎭⎫23-3=28×110×⎝⎛⎭⎫323=8625.(2)原式=4a 23+12-16·b 12+13-56=4ab 0=4a . 尖子生题库☆☆☆9.(10分)已知a 12+a -12=5,求下列各式的值:(1)a +a -1;(2)a 2+a -2;(3)a 2-a -2.解析: (1)将a 12+a -12=5两边平方,得a +a -1+2=5,则a +a -1=3.(2)由a +a -1=3两边平方,得a 2+a -2+2=9,则a 2+a -2=7. (3)设y =a 2-a -2,两边平方,得y 2=a 4+a -4-2=(a 2+a -2)2-4=72-4=45, 所以y =±35,即a 2-a -2=±3 5.课时作业(十三) 指数函数及其性质姓名______________ 班级_________学号__________一、选择题(每小题5分,共20分)1.若集合M ={y |y =2x ,x ∈R },N ={y |y =x 2,x ∈R },则集合M ,N 的关系为( ) A .M N B .M ⊆N C .N M D .M =N 解析: x ∈R ,y =2x >0,y =x 2≥0, 即M ={y |y >0},N ={y |y ≥0}, 所以M N . 答案: A2.函数y =2x +1的图象是( )解析: 函数y =2x的图象是经过定点(0,1)、在x 轴上方且单调递增的曲线,依据函数图象的画法可得函数y =2x +1的图象单调递增且过点(0,2),故选A.答案: A3.指数函数y =b ·a x 在[b,2]上的最大值与最小值的和为6,则a =( ) A .2或-3 B .-3C .2D .-12解析: ∵函数y =b ·a x 为指数函数,∴b =1.当a >1时,y =a x 在[1,2]上的最大值为a 2,最小值为a , 则a 2+a =6,解得a =2或a =-3(舍);当0<a <1时,y =a x 在[1,2]上的最大值为a ,最小值为a 2,则a +a 2=6,解得a =2(舍)或a =-3(舍)综上可知,a =2. 答案: C4.若函数f (x )与g (x )=⎝⎛⎭⎫12x的图象关于y 轴对称,则满足f (x )>1的x 的取值范围是( ) A .RB .(-∞,0)C .(1,+∞)D .(0,+∞)解析: 根据对称性作出f (x )的图象,由图象可知,满足f (x )>1的x 的取值范围为(0,+∞).答案: D二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)5.函数y =2x -1的定义域是________. 解析: 要使函数y =2x -1有意义,只须使2x -1≥0,即x ≥0,∴函数定义域为[0,+∞). 答案: [0,+∞)6.函数y =a x -2 013+2 013(a >0,且a ≠1)的图象恒过定点____________. 解析: ∵y =a x (a >0且a ≠1)恒过定点(0,1), ∴y =a x -2 013+2 013恒过定点(2 013,2 014). 答案: (2 013,2 014)三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分) 7.下列函数中,哪些是指数函数?(1)y =10x ;(2)y =10x +1;(3)y =-4x ; (4)y =x x ;(5)y =x α(α是常数).解析: (1)y =10x 符合指数函数定义,是指数函数; (2)y =10x +1中指数是x +1而非x ,不是指数函数; (3)y =-4x 中系数为-1而非1,不是指数函数;(4)y =x x 中底数和指数均是自变量x ,不符合指数函数定义,不是指数函数; (5)y =x α中底数是自变量,不是指数函数.8.设f (x )=3x ,g (x )=⎝⎛⎭⎫13x.(1)在同一坐标系中作出f (x )、g (x )的图象;(2)计算f (1)与g (-1),f (π)与g (-π),f (m )与g (-m )的值,从中你能得到什么结论? 解析: (1)函数f (x )与g (x )的图象如图所示:(2)f (1)=31=3,g (-1)=⎝⎛⎭⎫13-1=3;f (π)=3π,g (-π)=⎝⎛⎭⎫13-π=3π;f (m )=3m ,g (-m )=⎝⎛⎭⎫13-m=3m.从以上计算的结果看,两个函数当自变量取值互为相反数时,其函数值相等,即当指数函数的底数互为倒数时,它们的图象关于y 轴对称.尖子生题库☆☆☆9.(10分)(2012·山东高考)若函数f (x )=a x (a >0,a ≠1)在[-1,2]上的最大值为4,最小值为m ,且函数g (x )=(1-4m )x 在[0,+∞)上是增函数,求a .解析: 当a >1时,有a 2=4,a -1=m ,此时a =2,m =12,此时g (x )=-x 为减函数,不合题意.若0<a <1,则a -1=4,a 2=m ,故a =14,m =116,检验知符合题意.。
课时达标训练1.研究如图现象,涉及的物体可看作质点的是( )A.研究地球绕太阳运动的轨迹B.研究撬棒用力大小与支点位置的关系C.研究旋转的乒乓球的旋转方向D.研究旋转的电扇扇叶所受阻力大小的影响因素【解析】选A。
研究地球绕太阳运动的轨迹时,由于地球的大小远小于日地距离,形状和大小可以忽略,地球可以看成质点,故A正确。
研究撬棒用力大小与支点的位置关系时,撬棒的大小和形状不能忽略,不能看成质点,故B错误。
研究旋转的乒乓球,乒乓球的大小和形状不能忽略,不能看成质点,故C错误。
研究旋转的电扇扇叶,扇叶的大小和形状不能忽略,不能看成质点,故D错误。
【补偿训练】(多选)(2017·临沂高一检测)在研究下述运动时,能把物体看作质点的是( )A.研究地球的自转B.研究乒乓球的旋转C.研究火车从北京运行到上海D.研究悬挂的轻绳下系着的小钢球的摆动【解析】选C、D。
研究地球自转时,地球上各点到转轴的距离不同,运动情况不同,不能看作质点,故A错误;研究乒乓球的旋转时,不能看作质点,否则就没有旋转了,故B错误;研究火车从北京运行到上海时,火车的长度可以忽略,可以看成质点,故C正确;研究悬挂的轻绳下系着的小钢球的摆动时,钢球的大小可以忽略,故可看作质点,故D正确。
2.关于参考系,下列说法正确的是( )A.参考系必须是静止不动的物体B.参考系必须是静止不动或正在做直线运动的物体C.研究物体的运动,可选择不同的参考系,但选择不同的参考系观察的结果是一样的D.研究物体的运动,可选择不同的参考系,但选择不同的参考系对于研究同一物体的运动而言,一般会出现不同的结果【解析】选D。
参考系不一定是静止不动的物体,运动的物体也可以作参考系,并且不一定是做直线运动的物体,选项A、B错误;研究物体的运动,可选择不同的参考系,但选择不同的参考系观察的结果一般是不一样的,例如从匀速运动的飞机上掉下的物体,对地面观察者来说是平抛运动,但是对飞机上的观察者来说则是自由落体运动,选项C错误,D正确。
综合检测卷(三)Unit 3Travel journal(时间:100分钟;满分:120分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)ABe Healthy! Be Slim! Be Beautiful!Discover the secret for a Healthy,Slim,Beautiful You!Discover how to be Healthy,Slim and Beautiful!I love this healthy diet program because it helps you lose weight,lose inches,feel healthy and look beautiful.This healthy diet is an 8-week program which is unlike other diet regimes(食物疗法)because it focuses on proper nutritional first and weight loss second.Your body must have proper levels of minerals,vitamins,and protein in order to work well.It provides a simple lifestyle change to give you more energy and improve your health most greatly.It offers control over stomach and continuing hunger with a calorie dense diet allowing 1,700 to 2,000 calories a day.If a person has a weight problem their body probably is not working at proper levels of basic nutrients.We invite you to follow this program so you can be the slim person who lives inside you.You too,can love dieting,especially if you are losing weight and losing_inches! Do you want to feel better?To get started being slim,just Click Here.1.What is this passage mainly about?A.How people should keep fit.B.A healthy diet program.C.Some healthy people.D.Ways to lose weight.2.What does the u nderlined phrase “lose inches” mean in the passage?A.Become shorter.B.Become taller.C.Become fatter. D.Become thinner.3.Which of the following is NOT TRUE ?A.This program makes a change in your lifestyle.B.This program can stop you from feeling hungry all the time.C.This program allows you 1700 to 2000 calories for each meal.D.The program can offer control over your stomach.4.If you “Click Here”,what will you read on the Internet?A.Some other programs.B.The content of this program.C.Some interesting foods.D.Some products you can buy.BBorn on September 24,1896,F.Scott Fitzgerald,an American novelist,was once a student of St.Paul Academy,the Newman School and attended Princeton University for a short while.In 1917 he joined the army and was postedin Alabama,where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre.Then he had to make some money to impress her.His life with her was full of great happiness,as he wrote in his diary:“My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.”This Side of Paradise,his first novel,was published in 1920.Encouraged by its success,Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing.Then he continued with the novel the Beautiful and Damned (1922),a collection of short stories Thales of the Jazz Age (1922),and a play The Vegetable (1923).But his greatest success was his novel The Great Gatsby,published in 1925,which quickly brought him praise from the literary world.Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security.Then,in 1926,he published another collection of short stories All the Sad Young Men.However,Fitzgerald's problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing.During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life,but failed.By 1930,his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic.During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The Lo v e of the Last Tycoon in 1940.While his wife was in hospital in the United States,he got totally addicted to alcohol.Sheila Graham,his dear friend,helped him fight his alcoholism.5.How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage?A.5 B.6C.7 D.86.Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald 's life according to the passage?a.He became addicted to drinking.b.He studied at St.Paul Academy.c.He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.d.The Great Gatsby won high praise.e.He failed to reorder his life.f.He joined the army and met Zelda.A.f-c-e-a-b-d B.b-e-a-f-c-dC.f-d-e-c-b-a D.b-f-c-d-e-a7.We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald ________.A.had made some money when he met Zelda in AlabamaB.was well educated and well off before he served in the armyC.would have completed more works if his wife hadn't broken downD.helped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital8.What is this passage mainly about?A.F.Scott Fitzgerald's lifeB.F.Scott Fitzgerald's novelsC.F.Scott Fitzgerald's wifeD.F.Scott Fitzgerald's contributionCHow did the sea horse get its name? It's not hard to guess.The top half of this fish looks like a small horse.But looking at the sea horse's tail,you might think “sea monkey”is a better name.Then there's the sea horse's pouch (袋).Sea kangaroo might also be a good name for this fish.Sea horses live in warm ocean waters all over the world.They keep safe from other fish by hiding in plants and grasses that grow under the sea.They can also change colors to match their surroundings (环境).A sea horse remains in one place for hours at a time by winding (缠绕) its tail around a plant.It feeds on live food,such as small shrimp.For a fish that doesn't move around much,the sea horse eats a lot—in just one day,a sea horse can eat 3,000 shrimp!A sea horse keeps the same mate for its whole life,and it's the male (雄的) sea horse that gives birth to baby sea horses.How does this happen? Baby sea horses start out as eggs,which come from the female's body.The male carries the eggs in its pouch for about three weeks until they hatch (孵化).Soon after the babies are born,the female gives her mate a new set of eggs.The male sea horse spends most of its life carrying eggs.Sadly,the number of sea horses is becoming smaller.Why is this happening? Some places where sea horses oncelived have been filled in to make new land.Also,many sea horses are caught and sold as aquarium fish.This really is not a good idea because most sea horses don't live long in aquariums.The best place for a sea horse is the ocean.9.The sea horse got its name because of its ________.A.head B.tailC.skin D.pouch10.What does a female sea horse do with her eggs?A.She puts them in the male's pouch.B.She hides them in sea grasses.C.She carries them around.D.She hatches them.11.Why is the number of sea horses becoming smaller?A.They grow at a very low speed.B.Their homes are being destroyed.C.They are killed by people for food.D.Their food is becoming less and less.D(2022·沈阳高一检测)Traveling can be a fun way to gain life experiences,especially during Spring Break—a week-long school vacation in the United States.But what if you're a student and don't have enough money for a trip? Don't worry.Here are some useful tips.Save:This probably is the most important preparation for traveling.Cut expenses to fatten_your_wallet so you'll have more choices about where to go and how to get there.Plan ahead:Don't wait until the last minute to plan your trip.Tickets may cost more when bought on short notice.Giving yourself several months to get ready can mean security(平安) and savings.Do your homework:No matter where you go,research the places you will visit.Decide what to see.Travel books will provide information on the cheapest hotels and restaurants.Plan sensibly:Write down what you expect to spend for food and hotels.Stick to your plan or you may not have enough money to cover everything.Travel in groups:Find someone who is interested in visiting the same places.By traveling with others you can share costs and experiences.Work as you go:Need more money to support your trip? Look for work in the places you visit.Go off the beaten path:Tourist cities may be expensive.You may want to rethink your trip and go to a lesser-known area.Smaller towns can have many interesting activities and sights.Pack necessary things:The most important things to take are not always clothes.Remember medicine in case you get sick and snacks in case you can't find a cheap restaurant.Use the Internet:The Net can help to save money.Some useful websites include www.Tra v ,www.bargains-lo w est and www.Economy tra v .By planning sensibly,even students can enjoy the travel.Your travel experiences will be remembered for a lifetime.12.This passage is about ________.A.how to plan your travelB.how to travel with less moneyC.how to make your travel interestingD.how to get life experiences13.The underli ned words “fatten your wallet” probably means ________.A.make your wallet largerB.put some fat in your walletC.save some moneyD.put some choices in your wallet14.Before your trip,the first thing you should do is ________.A.to make a plan of the routeB.to get information on the InternetC.to save money by spending lessD.to buy tickets in advance15.During your trip,________.A.you need more medicine than clothesB.you should look for work all the wayC.you can gain valuable life experiencesD.you should remember to do your homeworkⅡ.阅读填句(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
课后提升训练五速度变化快慢的描述——加速度(25分钟50分)一、选择题(本题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分)1.关于速度、速度改变量、加速度,正确的说法是( )A.物体运动的速度改变量很大,它的加速度一定很大B.速度很大的物体,其加速度可以很小,可能为零C.某时刻物体的速度为零,其加速度一定为零D.加速度很大时,运动物体的速度一定很大【解题指南】解答本题必须正确理解“速度大”、“速度变化大”和“速度变化快”的含义(1)速度大表示物体运动得快,位置变化快,速度大,速度的变化不一定大,如飞机在高空匀速飞行时,速度v很大。
(2)速度变化大表示速度的变化(Δv=v-v 0)大,与发生这一变化所需的时间Δt无关。
(3)速度变化快表示相同时间内速度变化大,速度变化快。
速度变化的快慢不仅与速度变化量的大小有关,还与发生该变化所需时间的长短有关。
【解析】选B。
由a=知,速度改变量Δv很大,它的加速度不一定很大,A错。
沿直线匀速飞行的飞机,速度很大,加速度为零,B对。
做变速运动的物体一定有加速度,但它的速度有时可能为零,C错。
弹药爆炸瞬间,炮弹的加速度很大,但速度较小,D错。
【补偿训练】下列关于速度和加速度的说法中,正确的是( )A.加速度与速度没有直接的联系,速度很大时,加速度可大可小也可为零B.当加速度与速度方向相同且加速度减小时,物体做减速运动C.物体的速度变化量越大,加速度越大D.物体的速度越大,加速度越大【解析】选A。
加速度与速度没有直接关系,选项A正确;D错误;当加速度与速度同方向时,物体做加速运动,选项B错误;速度的变化量大,不一定其变化率也大,加速度不一定也大,选项C错误。
2.蹦床是运动员在一张绷紧的弹性网上蹦跳、翻滚并做各种空中动作的运动项目。
一个运动员从高处自由落下,以大小为8m/s的竖直速度着网,与网作用后,沿着竖直方向以大小为10m/s的速度弹回。
已知运动员与网接触的时间为Δt=1.2s,那么运动员在与网接触的这段时间内平均加速度的大小和方向分别为( ) A.15 m/s2,向上 B.15 m/s2,向下C.1.67 m/s2,向上D.1.67 m/s2,向下【解析】选A。
1.在研究下述运动时,可以把物体看作质点的是()A.研究地球的自转问题B.研究体操运动员参赛时的姿势C.研究乒乓球的旋转效应D.研究火车从北京到上海所用时间【解析】在研究火车从北京到上海的运动时,火车的长度、形状与北京到上海的距离相比可以忽略,可以把火车视为质点,而对地球的自转、运动员的姿势、乒乓球旋转等现象中的物体,其大小或形状不能忽略,不能视为质点.【答案】 D2.关于参考系,下列说法正确的是()A.参考系必须是静止不动的物体B.参考系必须是静止不动或正在做直线运动的物体C.研究物体的运动,可选择不同的参考系,但选择不同的参考系观察结果是一样的D.研究物体的运动,可选择不同的参考系,但选择不同的参考系对于研究同一物体的运动而言,一般会出现不同的结果【解析】参考系的选取是任意的,A、B错误;选择不同的参考系,对同一物体运动的描述一般是不同的,C错误、D正确.【答案】 D3.下列关于运动的说法中,正确的是()A.物体的位置没有变化就是不运动B.两物体间的距离没有变化,两物体一定都是静止的C.自然界中没有不运动的物体,运动是绝对的,静止是相对的D.为了研究物体的运动,必须先选参考系,平常说的运动或静止是相对于地球而言【解析】物体的位置对某一参考系不变,但对另一参考系位置可能变化,物体在运动,故A错误;两物体间距离没有变化,两者可能静止,也可能以相同的速度运动,故B错误;对于不同的参考系,同一物体可能静止,也可能运动,由于参考系的选择是任意的,故C、D正确.【答案】CD4.(2012·杭州二中高一检测)明代诗人曾写下这样一首诗:“空手把锄头,步行骑水牛;人在桥上走,桥流水不流.”其中“桥流水不流”中的“桥流”应理解成其选择的参考系是()A.水B.桥C.人D.河岸【解析】“水不流”是以水为参考系,而桥相对于水是运动的,故A正确.【答案】A图1-1-105.在我国东南部的某大城市,有一天下午,在该城市的中心广场行人拥挤,有人突然高喊“楼要倒了!”其他人猛然抬头观看,也发现楼在慢慢倾倒,便纷纷狂奔逃生,引起交通混乱,但过了好久,高楼并没有倒塌.人们再仔细观望时,楼依然稳稳地矗立在那里,如图1-1-10所示.下面有关探究分析这一现象原因的说法中正确的是()A.是一种错觉,不可能发生B.感觉楼要倾倒的原因是人在运动C.是因为选择了高空运动的云作为参考系D.是因为选择了旁边更高的楼作为参考系【解析】若人以旁边的楼作为参考系,两个楼之间是相对静止的,人会感觉楼是静止的,D错.若人以高空运动的云作为参考系,认为云是静止的,那么楼相对云是运动的,人就感觉楼在动,即感觉楼在慢慢倾倒,C对,A、B错.【答案】 C6.(2012·郑州一中高一检测)公路上一辆卡车紧急刹车,由于惯性,卡车上的货物相对车厢向前滑行了x=5 cm,为了测出这个距离x,我们选取的最合理的参考系应该是()A.树木B.行人C.卡车D.公路【解析】参考系的选取是任意的,但当研究具体问题时,要以简单为准,本题中以卡车为参考系最方便,故选项C正确.【答案】 C7.图1-1-11某空军红鹰飞行表演队驾驶我国自主研制的k-8高级教练机首次亮相,飞出特高难动作,如图1-1-11为六机低空拉烟通场表演,以非常一致的飞行姿态通过观礼台.飞机编队保持队形不变.下列关于飞机运动情况的说法正确的是() A.地面上的人看到飞机飞过,是以地面为参考系B.飞行员看到观礼台向后掠过,是以飞机为参考系C.以编队中某一飞机为参考系,其他飞机是静止的D.以编队中某一飞机为参考系,其他飞机是运动的【解析】飞机相对地面及地面上的建筑物向前飞行,而地面上的建筑物相对飞机向后运动.可见,地面上的人看到飞机飞过是以地面为参考系.飞行员看到观礼台向后掠过是以飞机为参考系,A、B正确,由于飞机编队保持队形不变,所以以某一飞机为参考系,其他飞机是静止的,C对、D错.【答案】ABC图1-1-128.(2012·石家庄一中高一期中)如图1-1-12是体育摄影中“追拍法”的成功之作,摄影师眼中清晰的滑板运动员是静止的,而模糊的背景是运动的,摄影师用自己的方式表达了运动的美.请问摄影师选择的参考系是() A.大地B.太阳C.滑板运动员D.步行的人【解析】由于摄影师眼中运动员是静止的,所以摄影师选择的参考系是滑板运动员,此时背景相对运动员是运动的,从而模糊不清,故C正确.【答案】 C9.为了提高枪械射击时的准确率,制造时会在枪膛上刻上螺旋形的槽.这样,当子弹在枪管中运动时,会按照旋转的方式前进.离开枪管后,子弹的高速旋转会降低空气密度、侧风等外部环境对子弹的影响,从而提高子弹飞行的稳定性.下列关于子弹运动的说法中正确的是()A.当研究子弹的旋转对子弹飞行的影响时可以把子弹看做质点B.当研究子弹射击百米外的靶子所用的时间时可以把子弹看做质点C.无论研究什么问题都可以把子弹看做质点D.能否将子弹看做质点,取决于我们所研究的问题【解析】在研究子弹的旋转对子弹飞行的影响时不能忽略子弹的大小和形状,因而不可以把子弹看做质点;但研究子弹射击百米外的靶子所用的时间时,其大小和形状可以忽略,可以看做质点,故选项B、D正确.【答案】BD10.如图1-1-13所示,某人从学校门口A处开始散步,先向南走了50 m 到达B处,再向东走100 m到达C处,最后又向北走了150 m到达D处,则A、B、C、D各点位置如何表示?图1-1-13【解析】可以以A点为坐标原点,向东为x轴的正方向,向北为y轴的正方向,如图所示,则各点坐标为A(0,0)、B(0,-50 m)、C(100 m,-50 m)、D(100 m,100 m).【答案】见解析11.以某十字路口的交通岗亭为坐标原点,向东为x轴正方向,向南为y轴正方向,画出用坐标系描述坐标为(-60 m,80 m)的建筑物相对交通岗亭的位置,并求该建筑物距岗亭的距离.【解析】二维坐标系的坐标值顺序为x坐标、y坐标,故该建筑物的坐标x=-60 m、y=80 m,该建筑物位于交通岗亭西60 m、南80 m处,由勾股定理可知该建筑物距交通岗亭100 m.【答案】见下图100 m图1-1-1412.如图1-1-14所示,一根长0.8 m的杆,竖直放置,今有一内径略大于杆直径的环,从杆的顶点A向下滑动,向下为正方向,(1)取杆的下端O为坐标原点,图中A、B两点的坐标各是多少?环从A到B 的过程中,位置变化了多少(OB间距离为0.2 m)?(2)取A端为坐标原点,A、B点的坐标又是多少?环从A到B的过程中位置变化了多少?(3)由以上两问可以看出,坐标原点的不同是对位置坐标有影响还是对位置变化有影响?【解析】(1)由于杆长0.8 m,OB为0.2 m,题目给出坐标系向下为正方向,故以O点为坐标原点,A、B的坐标分别为x A=-0.8 m,x B=-0.2 m.由A到B 位置变化为x B-x A=-0.2 m-(-0.8) m=0.6 m.(2)由题意知,AB长为0.6 m,以A为原点,A、B两点的坐标分别为x A=0,x B=0.6 m.A到B位置变化为x B-x A=0.6 m-0=0.6 m.(3)坐标原点选的不同,同一位置的坐标不同,但位置变化相同.【答案】(1)x A=-0.8 m x B=-0.2 mx B-x A=0.6 m(2)x A=0x B=0.6 mx B-x A=0.6 m(3)坐标不同位置变化相同。
Book 1 unit 1课时作业(一)答案第一部分:I 1. entirely 2. series 3. thunder 4. dusty 5. curtainII.1. upset 2. exactly 3. power 4. outdoors 5. ignored 6. recovered 7. lonely 8. settled 9. grateful10. looseIII. 1. ignore 2. points 3. power 4. add 5 concerned about第二部分:选择填空1-5 AADAA 6-10 DAACC 11-15 CBDDC第三部分: 阅读理解1-4BBDB课时作业(二)答案第一部分单词拼写1. teenagers2. overcoat3. disagreed4. set5. joined完成句子1.settle down2.suffered great pain3.has got tired of dong4.is getting along well with5.recovered第二部分:完型填空: 16-20 BAACD 21-25ADBBA 26-30 ACDBA 31-35 DBAAD课时作业(三)答案第一部分单项填空1-15 BABCD BCCBC ADCAB第二部分阅读1-8 BCDC BBAC课时作业(四)答案I. 1. that she hadn’t meant to hurt me2. whether / if I would stay at home alone that weekend3. what I wanted to get as a present on my birthday4. what they would eat that day5. he was sure Robin could win the match the next dayII. 1. Why are you so worried about the exam?2. I have lived in this city for about three years.3. Will you ask for leave since you are not well?4. What’s the matter with you?5. I can lift up the big stone,III. 1. so that; could2. with; in his hand3. didn’t recognize; until4. happened to see5. It is the second time thatI. 1. 第二个I前加whether 2. did改为do;was改为is3. that改为why / whether / if4. will he改为he would5. didn’t hear改为hadn’t heard第二部分选择填空ADCDC BDCDD CBDBD完形填空36-40 ADBCA 41-45 DDABA 46-50 DCDDC 51-55 BACCDBook 1 unit 2 课时作业(一)答案第一部分1. Western2. vocabulary3. native4. included5.gas6.international7. modern8. government9. cultures 10.present(二)单项选择1-5 ACDBB 6-10 DDBDB(四)阅读理解31-35 DDCAC课时作业(二)答案第一部分(一).根据首字母提示完成句子。
高一政治必修一课时作业及答案【一】第Ⅰ卷(选择题共50分)一、选择题(在每题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是最符合题意的。
本大题共25小题,每小题2分,共50分。
)1.下列属于商品的是()①家里用的天然气②赠送同学的礼物③向地震灾区空投的援助物资④家庭用的自来水A.①③B.①②C.①④D.③④[答案]C[解析]②③都没有用于交换,所以不属于商品;①中的天然气是花钱买的,所以属于商品。
2.我国的人民币()①是由国家发行的、强制使用的②它的购买力是由国家规定的③在商品交换中执行流通手段的职能④它的流通是我国国民经济赖以维持发展的血脉A.①②③④B.①②④C.②③④D.①③④[答案]D[解析]纸币的实际购买力取决于两个因素:一是纸币的发行量;二是流通中实际所需要的货币量。
因此纸币的购买力不是由国家规定的,应排除②,①③④符合题意。
2014年3月20日,人民币对美元汇率继续明显贬值,即期汇率全天下跌逾300个基点至6.2275,创逾一年新低。
人民币年内累计贬值2.87%,基本将去年全年升值幅度抹平。
据此回答3~5题。
3.人民币对美元贬值在经济领域可能会出现如下情形()①同样多的人民币兑换的美元减少②我国商品出口量增加③国内商品价格下跌④到中国来旅游的外国人增多A.①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.②③④[答案]B[解析]此题考查汇率的相关知识。
③说法错误,如果人民币贬值,进口商品价格上涨,国内商品的价格与人民币汇率没直接联系,故排除③。
①②④符合题意。
4.如果人民币对美元升值,意味着()A.美元汇率上升B.美元汇率下跌C.我国进出口贸易额将大幅度上升D.我国直接利用外资将大幅度增加[答案]B[解析]人民币价值,意味着外汇汇率下跌,有利于进口,但不利于出口;我国直接利用外资将会减少。
A、C、D说法错误。
5.保持人民币汇率未来走势总体稳定,有利于()①提高人民的生活水平②人民生活安定③国民经济持续快速健康发展④世界金融的稳定、经济的发展A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①③④[答案]B[解析]保持人民币汇率未来走势总体稳定有利于人民生活安定,但与提高人民生活水平没有直接关系。
综合测试卷一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
慎终追远清明永驻清明节大约起源于周代,至今已有两千五百多年的历史了。
最初,清明只是一个提醒农民进行春耕春种的节气。
《淮南子·天文训》记:“春分后十五日,北斗星柄指向乙位,则清明风至。
”《岁时百问》云:“万物生长此时,皆清洁而明净,故谓之清明。
”清明时节,我国大部分地区气温升高,雨量增多,正是春耕春种的大好时节,故有“清明前后,种瓜点豆”“清明谷雨紧相连,浸种春耕莫迟延”等农谚。
这种标志物候变化、敦促春耕的节气,是怎样变成以祭奠祖先为中心的综合节日的呢?首先,这与清明前两天的寒食节有关。
相传,寒食节起源于春秋时期的晋文公、介子推这一段动人的故事。
但当代学者普遍认为,寒食节与古人对于自然的认识相关。
他们认为世界万物都和我们人一样是有生命的,也有生老病死,需要新陈代谢。
火燃久了要熄掉,重取新火。
寒食之后重生新火就是一种辞旧迎新的过渡仪式。
熄灭旧火与重生新火所透露的是季节交替的信息,意味着新的一年春耕生产的开始。
寒食节在清明前两日,寒食禁火冷食祭墓,清明取新火踏青出游。
唐代之前,寒食与清明是两个前后相继但主题不同的节日,一为怀旧悼亡,一为求新护生;一阴一阳,一息一生。
二者有着内在的文化关联。
清明节也融合了上巳节的一些习俗。
上巳节俗称三月三,它形成于春秋末期。
时至唐代,上巳节成了一个全国性的节日,人们常在此日到水边嬉戏,去郊游踏青。
后来,上巳节的踏青饮宴的特点被整合到了清明节的习俗之中。
清明节发展最盛的时期是宋代。
北宋孟元老的《东京梦华录》载:“寒食第三日,即清明节矣,凡新坟皆用此日拜扫,都城人出郊四野如市,往往就芳树之下或园囿之间,罗列杯盘,互相劝酬。
都城之歌儿舞女,遍满园亭,抵暮而归。
”可见,宋人借祭祖扫墓的机会充分享受踏青之乐,寓嬉乐于哀痛之中。
张择端绘制的风俗画长卷《清明上河图》更是形象地呈现出宋代清明节的盛况。
单元质量评估
(120分钟150分)
一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)
1.已知向量a=(1,1
,2),b=(2,-1,k),且a与b互相垂直,则k的值是( )
2
A.-1
B.3
C.1
D.-3
2.若a,b,c是空间任意三个向量,λ∈R,下列关系中,不成立的是( )
A.a+b=b+a
B.λ(a+b)=λa+λb
C.(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)
D.b=λa
3如图,空间四边形ABCD中,E,F分别是BC,CD的中点,则AB→+1BC→+1BD→等于( )
A.AD→
B.FA→
C.AF→
D.EF→
4.若A(1,-2,1),B(4,2,3),C(6,-1,4),则△ABC的形状是( )
A.不等边锐角三角形
B.直角三角形
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C.钝角三角形
D.等边三角形
5.已知平面α的一个法向量为n1=(-1,-2,-1),平面β的一个法向量n2=(2,4,2),则不重合的平面α与平面β( )
A.平行
B.垂直
C.相交但不垂直
D.不确定
6.若a=e1+e2+e3,b=e1+e2-e3,c=e1-e2+e3,d=e1+2e2+3e3,d=αa+βb+γc,则α,β,γ分别为( )
A.5
2,-1,-1
2
B.5
2
,1,1
2
C.-5
2,1,-1
2
D.5
2
,1,-1
2
7.(2013·吉安高二检测)已知直线l1的方向向量a=(2,4,x),直线l2的方向向量b=(2,y,2),若|a|=6,且a⊥b,则x+y的值是( )
A.1或-3
B.-1或3
C.-3
D.1
8.已知A(1,-1,2),B(2,3,-1),C(-1,0,0),则△ABC的面积是( )
A.√70
B.√35
C.√170
D.√35
9.下列命题正确的是( )
A.若OP→=1
2OA→+1
3
OB→,则P,A,B三点共线
B.若{a,b,c}是空间的一个基底,则{a+b,b+c,a+c}构成空间的另一个基底
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C.(a ·b )·c =|a |·|b |·|c |
D.△ABC 为直角三角形的充要条件是AB →
·AC →
=0
10.如图所示,四边形ABCD 为矩形,AB=3,BC=1,EF ∥BC 且AE=2EB,G 为BC 的中点,K 为△ADF 的外心.沿EF 将矩形折成一个120°的二面角A-EF-B,则此时KG 的长是
( )
A.1
B.3
C.√3
2
D.√3
11.如图所示,在棱长为1的正方体ABCD-A 1B 1C 1D 1中,E,F 分别为棱AA 1,BB 1的中点,G 为棱A 1B 1上的一点,且A 1G=λ(0≤λ≤1),则点G 到平面D 1EF 的距离为( ) A.√3
B.√2
2
C.√2
3
D.√5
5
12.如图,在长方体ABCD-A 1B 1C 1D 1中,AB=BC=2,AA 1=1,则BC 1与平面BB 1D 1D 所成角的正弦值为( )
A.√6
3B.2√5
5
C.√15
5
D.√10
5
二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.请把正确答案填在题中横线上)
13.已知向量a=(λ+1,0,2λ),b=(6,2μ-1,2),若a∥b,则λ与μ的值分别是、.
14.若A(0,2,19
8),B(1,-1,5
8
),C(-2,1,5
8
)是平面α内的三点,设平面α的法向量为
n=(x,y,z),则x∶y∶z= .
15.平面α,β,γ两两相互垂直,且它们相交于一点O,P点到三个面的距离分别是1cm,2 cm,3cm,则PO的长为cm.
16.如图,平面PAD⊥平面ABCD,四边形ABCD为正方形,∠
PAD=90°,且PA=AD=2,E,F分别是线段PA,CD的中点,则
异面直线EF与BD所成角的余弦值为.
三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70分.解答时应写出必要的
文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)
17.(10分)已知空间三点A(0,2,3),B(-2,1,6),
- 1 -。