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探析广东省中考英语短文填空解题策略作者：罗娜文来源：《新教育时代·学生版》2019年第22期摘要：笔者通过对近几年广东省中考短文填空真题的分析及对学生在完成该题型时出现的问题进行探索，发现很多学生在完成这道题目时，心生畏惧抗拒之心。
结合学生实际，本文借由分析2018年广东省中考英语短文填空真题，提出5种解题法，以助学生掌握行之有效的解题策略，提高学生的得分率。
关键词：中考短文填空固定搭配法常识法逻辑关系法句子成分法上下文法一、命题特点广东省中考短文填空是在一篇约220词的短文上，挖出10个空，要求学生补全短文，每空一词。
本题每空1.5分，共15分，占英语中考试题的12.5%。
自2017年起中考短文填空不再配图片。
短文填空不仅要求学生能联想出空中所缺单词，而且还涉及考查单词的正确形式，如时态、语态、词形变化，是学生失分最严重的题。
近几年此整题的平均分仅为3.96分，学生为此头痛不已。
二、失分原因归根结底，短文填空得分率低的主要原因如下：第一，畏难情绪。
学生在一接触到这道考题心理就难免产生畏情绪。
由于这道题失分率高，涉及的考试范围广，材料内容丰富，学生会有脑袋空白，无从下手之措，所以从心理上先打退堂鼓了。
第二，积累较少。
英语的学习注重记忆积累，“背多分”是一条铁律。
但很多学生由于平时疏于背诵，考试时“书到用时方恨少”，即使知道考题可填写什么单词，无奈不会拼写，也只能眼睁睁地让分数从眼前溜走！第三，疏忽细节。
很多学生好不容易想到了该填哪个单词，却因粗心白白丢分。
四线的格式、大小写的区分，单词拼写的形式，通常都是学生丢分的主因。
如果考试在考试过程中能细心观察，填空前给自己心理暗示提醒下，很多的疏漏就可以避免。
第四，忽略对解题方法和策略的培养。
在平时的模拟训练中，学生没有对语法填空的错题进行分析归纳，总结出解决这道题型的方法规律，以致于在以后考题中出现同类型的题目还是屡做屡错。
三、评分标准1.与所给答案一致，或意思符合短文内容要求且形式正确给满分。
中考英语短文填空解题技巧中考英语短文填空解题技巧1. 阅读全文理解•在开始填空之前，先通读整篇短文，掌握大致意思和文章结构。
•注重理解作者的观点、态度和意图，以便更准确地选择填空答案。
2. 确定上下文关系•观察填空前后的句子，找出上下文关系，根据逻辑推断填入正确的单词或短语。
•充分利用句子中的关键词和代词，推测下一个空格应该填入何种词类。
3. 词义推测•对于不认识的单词，可以通过上下文推测其意思，特别是通过前后句子中的关键词提供的线索。
•注意词汇搭配和常见搭配，以便推测正确的选项。
4. 语法和词法知识•了解基本的语法和词法知识，如词性、动词时态、主谓一致等，有助于选择正确的答案。
•注意一些常用的固定搭配和短语的用法，以提高填空的准确性。
5. 上下文连贯性考虑•确保填入的词或短语与上下文保持连贯性，否则答案可能是错误的。
•注意上下文的时态和语态的一致性，并尽量避免与原文句子意思冲突的选项。
6. 否定和排除法•注意选项中的否定词或关键词，如果与原文中的否定词相矛盾，那么该选项是错误的。
•通过排除法逐个排除不符合意思或语法规则的选项，缩小正确答案的范围。
7. 注意文章结构和逻辑•观察文章中的段落开头和结尾，理解文章的结构和逻辑关系，以便更好地选择填空答案。
•根据文章主题和段落的发展，推测下一个空格应该填入何种信息。
8. 命题特点和常见题型•熟悉中考英语短文填空的常见题型，如阐述观点、记叙事实、比较对比等。
•注意每个题型所需要填入的信息和表达方式，提高解题的准确性。
希望以上的中考英语短文填空解题技巧能够帮助到大家，通过不断练习和积累，相信你们能够在考试中取得好成绩！9. 多读多练•阅读更多的英语短文，扩充词汇量和阅读理解能力。
•每天都进行一些短文填空的练习，熟悉题型和解题思路。
10. 注意时间分配•在考试中，要合理安排时间，不要在一个填空上花费过多时间而导致其他题目无法完成。
•如果某个空格你无法立即确定答案，可以先跳过，留到最后再回来完成。
2020中考冲刺英语短文填空解题方法和技巧讲解（广东版）本次课堂主要内容：（一）考点分析（二）真题讲解与解题套路总结（三）模拟冲刺（一）考点分析（广东版）（二）2019年真题讲解（广东卷）Last winter holiday, I visited a village with only 11 houses. ___1___ the village was very small, I spent a whole day in it. The village became popular because ___2___ Grandpa Huang's hard work. He bought a house there over 30 years ___3___, but in 2010 the village was to be pulled down. In order to save the old village, Grandpa Huang painted on the walls of ___4___ own house and other houses. He painted things that he liked. In the village, there were many paintings of ___5___, such as cats and birds. The most popular paintings for visitors were of famous people. One of them was a picture of Andy. He is my ___6___ singer. I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to ___7___ a photo of that painting and me. On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted ___8___ lot of well-known Chinese sayings. From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy ___9___. I really had a good time in the village _____10_____ wished to visit it again.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.【文章大意:】去年寒假，“我”参观了一个只有11栋房子的村庄。
短文填空解题技巧姓名：_______________ 班级：_____________座号：_________________解题技巧一：动词变形解题技巧:1.如何确定是谓语还是非谓语？(1)He _____ born in 1785 in Fujian Province.(2)It ________ him a month to collect the opium(鸦片)from the foreign traders.(3)The market wasn’t too far away, so the y ______ a bus to the market.(4)In May ,1918, Lu Xun used his pen name for the first time and publishedthe first short story _______ A madman’s diary.(5)He wanted to find something to________ but failed. There wasn’t anythingin the fridge.2.动词作谓语时注意其时态与语态（被动）的形式变化(1)The company says the watch can be ________ in different ways.(2)It is difficult for children under eight to remember what to do at certain. The smart watch is _________ to help them.(3)At the same time , we can see how seriously the water is __________. There isn’t enough clean water for people to drink.3.所添动词作非谓语动词时三种基本形式（do, doing ,done）:与前一个动词要搭配一致。
短文填空解题方法技巧（初中英语专项复习）考向1：短文自由填空1. 解题步骤：（1）快速浏览，了解大意。
对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；（2）上下求索，填出答案。
根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；（3）通读全文，检查确认。
特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。
（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or 等；（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。
或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。
这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。
【典例】请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Would you like to start your day with a cup of tea? If the answer is 1 , you may have the same habit as many people.You may not know 2 popular tea is. Among all kinds of drinks, tea is one of the two choices. People like it because it is 3 for their health.Tea is mostly produced 4 Asian countries like China and India. Chinese people started to drink tea as early as 5,000 years 5 . At that time, people made tea in a simple way just put fresh tea leaves into hot 6 .Tea wasn’t introduced into Europe until the early 17th century. And now it has 7 popular in Europe and America. People there like to 8 tea with sugar or milk in it. As the population of tea drinkers gets larger, tea business is getting 9 important than before.The first International Tea Day was on May 21st, 2020. Since then, people have celebrated 10 every year. The Day makes people realize the importance of tea workers and....【答案】1．yes 2．how 3．good 4．in 5．ago 6．water 7．become 8．drink 9．more 10．it【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍茶文化的发展和变化。
广东中考短文填空 5个实用解题技巧姓名：___班级：三年级座号：18解题技巧一：动词变形解题技巧：1.如何确定是谓语还是非谓语？1)He was born in 1785 in ___ Province.2)It took him a month to collect the opium from the foreign traders.3)The market wasn't too far away。
so they took a bus to the market.4)In May。
1918.Lu Xun used his pen name for the first time and published the first short story called "A Madman's Diary."5)___ to find something to eat but failed。
There ___ fridge.2.动词作谓语时注意其时态与语态（被动）的形式变化1)The company says the watch can be worn in different ways.2)It is difficult for children under eight to remember what to do at certain times。
The smart watch is designed to help them.3)At the same time。
we can see how usly the water is polluted。
There isn't enough clean water for people to drink.3.非谓语动词有三种基本形式：do。
doing。
done。
当作为动词补语时，需要与前一个动词保持一致。
例如：每个跑步者都尽力奔跑，而我也努力跑得更快。
中考语篇填空的做题技巧
中考语篇填空是考察阅读理解和语篇推断能力的重要部分。
下面是一些应用于中考语篇填空题的做题技巧：
1. 阅读整篇文段：在开始填空之前，先通读整篇文段，了解文章的大意和主题，把握文章的结构。
这有助于你更好地理解文章的上下文和逻辑关系。
2. 理解上下文内容：在填空的过程中，多读一两句附近的内容，寻找上下文的线索，从而推断正确的答案。
注意词汇、代词、逻辑连接词等，它们可能提示出答案或与答案相关。
3. 推断词义：遇到生词或不确定的词汇，可以结合上下文的描述、句子的语气和情节的展开推断其意义。
注意考虑词义的转换或延伸。
4. 处理空白的定位标志词：注意文章过渡词、引导词、指代词等，它们可以帮助你确定答案应该出现的位置。
5. 排除干扰选项：在选择答案时，不仅要注意选项与上下文的搭配
程度，还要仔细比较差异，排除无关、违反逻辑或语法错误的选项。
6. 积累语法和词汇知识：掌握常见的语法规则和词汇搭配能够提高你对选项的判断和填写的准确性，所以一定要多进行相关知识的积累和练习。
7. 多练习和模拟考试：通过做大量的模拟考试和练习题，提高快速阅读、推断和选择正确答案的能力，逐步掌握解题的技巧和方法。
最重要的是，多读多练，提高自己的阅读理解能力和推断能力。
这样即使面对陌生的题材，也能够更加理解文章的意义, 轻松准确地填写语篇填空题。
中考英语短文填空题的解题策略分析短文填空是广东省中考英语试题中必有的题型，是测试考生综合运用英语知识能力的一种题型，它融阅读理解能力与语言应用能力于一体，着重考查学生在一定语言情景下灵活运用语言的能力。
笔者根据自己多年的教学经验和对近几年广东省中考英语试题中短文填空题的研究，总结了以下该题型的特点和几种答题策略。
一、题型特点一篇短文填空题，有十个空。
广东省的中考短文填空中一般没有给出单词首字母或汉语提示。
需要填出的词大多是动词、形容词、名词、代词、介词、副词、连词等，并要注意填出这些单词的正确形式。
二、解题技巧短文填空要求学生在读懂全文的基础上，填出符合上下文意思和语法的单词。
做短文填空题可以从以下几点答题策略考虑。
（一）速读全文，掌握大意短文填空给出的是一篇完整的文章。
做题时应先跳过空格，快速浏览短文，了解整篇短文的整体大意。
在浏览时要特别注意首句、尾句以及关键词，这样容易抓住短文的主旨。
每篇文章都有一定的体裁。
在快读整篇文章的时候，首先一定要搞清楚该文章是什么体裁。
广东省中考英语试卷上的短文填空题大部分情况下是记叙文。
阅读这些短文时，一定先了解故事所涉及的人物，发生的事件、地点、以及整个事件的前因后果。
对文章的总体意思和中心思想了解清楚了，然后再对短文中的空处进行推敲。
比如，2020年广东省中考英语的短文填空中文章的开头就是“Jane is a warm-hearted girl.” 由此，就可以推断出这整篇文章的大概内容就是讲Jane的热心事迹。
这一个观点，对我们理解全文有着重要的作用。
（二）重读短文，判断词形在把握短文大意之后，再认真重读短文，并根据上下文的意思，正确地判断该词在句子中所充当的句子成分，从而确定空白处所缺词的词性，再根据词组的搭配和语法规则，判断所缺的词的正确形式。
短文填空中的语法知识点的考查，主要是学生对副词、介词、连词等的使用情况。
同时，学生应将固定搭配牢记于心中。
此外，也不能忽视那些看起来比较简单，却有“陷阱”的题。
短文填空解题技巧姓名：_______________ 班级：_____________座号：_________________解题技巧一：动词变形解题技巧:1.如何确定是谓语还是非谓语？(1)He _____ born in 1785 in Fujian Province.(2)It ________ him a month to collect the opium(鸦片)from the foreign traders.(3)The market wasn’t too far away, so they ______ a bus to the market.(4)In May ,1918, Lu Xun used his pen name for the first time and publishedthe first short story _______ A madman’s diary.(5)He wanted to find something to________ but failed. There wasn’t anythingin the fridge.2.动词作谓语时注意其时态与语态（被动）的形式变化(1)The company says the watch can be ________ in different ways.(2)It is difficult for children under eight to remember what to do at certain. The smart watch is _________ to help them.(3)At the same time , we can see how seriously the water is __________. There isn’t enough clean water for people to drink.3.所添动词作非谓语动词时三种基本形式（do, doing ,done）:与前一个动词要搭配一致。
（1）Every runner ran as fast as he could , and I tried my best to run faster.I could hear my classmates and teachers cheering for me. It made me ________ with energy and I ran faster and faster.(2)On weekdays, he has to ______ at least three hours finishing his homework every day.解题技巧二：修饰限定（组词）——形容词、副词、限定词、代词在短文填空中应用解题技巧:判断考点→ 想基础知识1. When he grew up, he was______ official in13 province for more than 40 years.( 可数名词前有_________修饰)2.Lu Xun was not only a short story writer, an editor, but also a translator anda poet. People all over the world love _____ works. ( 名词前还可以有_________)3.He was the _______ hard-working in the company.(形容词的_______级)4.To improve my grammar, I listen to the teacher ________ and take notes in class. (修饰动词常用-ly副词)5.I was so _______ because I won the first prize for my class.【系（be/feel/seem/sound等）+表（adj）】6.Everything is ______ as long as you try your best to do it.（系+表）7.When holidays comes, thousands of Chinese people will travel to other countries. They want to relax __________.（搭配：relax oneself . 用反身代词代替oneself）8.All in all, if we are polite______, no foreigners will look down upon us.(副词________修饰形容词)9.When we learn a foreign language , we should read as ________books as we can. (as+原级+as)10.They tell children it is time for _______ to do some everyday activities like brushing teeth, feeding the cat, watching the flowers and getting ready for school.(句型：it is time for sb. to do sth.)11.When the film group meet_____ Smiths, they find that Mr. Smith, Mrs Smith and their two sons are so crazy about technology that they hardly do things together.(一家人：the+姓氏复数)12.Next, don’t go home alone at once. You are __________ in the street than you are alone in your home or in a lift.(than提示：用所填形容词的比较级)解题技巧三：“连”天下——并列连词和状语从句连词在短文填空中应用1.并列连词： and, or(否则), but, not (only)…but (also), neither…nor2.时间状语从句：when/ while/ as , before, after, since, until（till）, as soon as3.原因状语从句：because4.条件状语从句：if , unless, as long as5.让步状语从句：although/though, even if/even though6.目的状语从句：so that7.结果状语从句：so…that…, such…that…8.比较状语从句：than, as…as…解题技巧：判定所需要的连词→ 句意确定连词→代入连词，检查复核练习一：根据句意判断两个句子的关系，填写所缺的连词。
1. It is important to protect yourself ______ you are waiting for help. Be sure to keep the door closed.2. However,_______ you like the mobile phone or not, it has already affected our lives and played an important role in the history of human beings.3. As______as he arrived, he ran to his mother happily and offered his wild strawberries.4. __________she had many marathons(马拉松)before, Mrs. Smith still spent months in running training.5. As teenagers, we should always keep safety in mind. But how can we keep safe? ______ we remember the following information, our life will be much safer.6. A kilo of rice needs 1,000 kilograms of water. Farmer need water to water the plant, _____ we will be in hunger.练习二：根据所填空的前后部分之间的关系来填写所缺的连词。
At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. We call the day “Volunteer Day”. On the day, we often go to the old people’s home (1)__________ help them do the housework. The old people are very happy (2)______________ every year we organize this kind of activities several times. (3)_________________ we don’t do much for them, they are thankful to us. They are lonely, and they need people to accompany(陪伴) them often and chat with them. (4)_______________ everyone can do something for the lonely old people, they will be happier.解题技巧四：固定搭配法——短语、句型和常用搭配在短文填空中应用解题技巧：寻找搭配→ 补全短语（句型）→代入固定搭配，检查复核With the environment becoming worse and worse, more and more people realize the importance of protecting the environment . But there are still some people paying less (1)_________ to it. They are still doing something harmful to the environment.Last Sunday, I went to the Plant Garden to enjoy (2)________. When I stepped into the gate of the garden, I felt comfortable at first because I could enjoy the fresh air, the beautiful flowers and trees. To my (3)__________, I saw a man lying in a sleep net that is hanging(4) ________ two trees. I thought this kind od behavior would hurt the trees. How could he protect the environment by hurting the trees like that? Without trees, how could we get the fresh air? I don’t know how to express my anger. I think (5)_________is our duty to protect the environment . So something must be done to stop this kind of behavior.解题技巧五：上下文寻词——根据上文或下文的提示，填入一个相关的名词和代词。
