考研英语：阅读题型语句解析(3)

2023考研英语一阅读理解Text3部分试题及答案解析2023考研英语一阅读理解Text3部分试题及答案解析：Text 3If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones，the biggest book retailer in the UK, in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit; the same may be true of The President's Daughter, the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson. Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House, a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.The problem began late last year, when Penguin Random House confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones “at a very significant level”. The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables, display spaces and windows, and were “quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”.PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me: “Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH, the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade. We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock. We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately. Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy and book sales are very strong. The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since 2018.”In the meantime, PRH authors have been the losers. Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it’s those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schuster - the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is published.“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels. Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers, publishers consolidating to deal wi th Amazon,” says Lownie. “The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices. After all, many of the most interesting books in re cent years have come from small publishers.”We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.31. The author mentions two books in Paragraph 1 to present ______.[A] an ongoing conflict[B] an intellectual concept[C] a prevailing sentiment[D] a literary phenomenon32. Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant section?[A] to make them easily noticeable[B] to comply with PRH’s requirement[C] t o respond to PRH’s business move[D] to arrange them in a systematic way33. What message does the spokesperson for Waterstones seem to convey?[A] Their customer remain loyal.[B] The credit limit will be removed.[C] Their stock is underestimated.[D] The book market is rather slack.34. What can be one consequence of the current dispute?[A] Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.[B] Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism.[C] Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name author’s book.[D] Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.35. Which of the following statements best represents Lownie’s view?[A] Small publishers ought to stick together.[B] Big publishers will lose their dominance.[C] The publishing industry is having a hard time.[D] The merger of publishers is a worrying trend.答案解析：31.【答案】[A] an ongoing conflict【解析】本题为例证题。

Could the bad old days of economic decline beabout to return? Since OPEC agreed tosupply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel,up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls upscary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, whenthey also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digitinflation and global economic decline. So where are theheadlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraqsuspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time aswinter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in theshort term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences nowto be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oilnow accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so evenquite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump pricesthan in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and soless sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift toother fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensiveindustries have reduced oil consumption. Software,consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or carproduction. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now usenearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest EconomicOutlook that, it oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, comparedwith $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies byonly 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive,and so could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices isthat, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the backgroundof general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizableportion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. TheEconomist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 byalmost 30%. 51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ［A］ global inflation. ［B］ reduction in supply. ［C］ fast growth in economy. ［D］ Iraq's suspension of exports. 52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrolwill go up dramatically if ［A］ price of crude rises. ［B］ commodity prices rise. ［C］ consumption rises. ［D］ oil taxes rise. 53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries. ［A］ heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive. ［B］ income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices. ［C］ manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed. ［D］ oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP. 54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that. ［A］ oil-price shocks are less shocking now. ［B］ inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks. ［C］ energy conservation can keep down the oil prices. ［D］ the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry. 55. From the text we can see that the writer seems ［A］ optimistic. ［B］ sensitive. ［C］ gloomy. ［D］ scared. ⼀、⽂章结构分析 ⽂章⼤意：最近这次⽯油价格的⼤幅上涨的影响不会像以前那样严重。

2014年考研英语Text3阅读逐句分析The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as _____.[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C] a handsome reward for researchers[D] an example of bankers’ investments单词&词组搭配•string[strɪŋ]（出现2次）n.一串，一系列•lucrative[ˈluːkrətɪv] adj.利润丰厚的•entrepreneur[ˌɑːntrəprəˈnɜːr] n.企业家，创业者•benefactor[ˈbenɪfæktər] n.捐助者•Fundamental physics（基础物理学）•be far from（远非）•be funded from（由...资助）•draw attention to（吸引..的吸引力）本段翻译诚如亚历山大三月领取年度奖时所言，300万美金的基础物理学奖的确是个有吸引力的尝试。

考研英语阅读真题经典长难句结构分析1、复合句When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.【结构分析】本句的主干是it is advisable to find out... for... it is possible that...，句首的When引导一个时间状语从句，句中的for... it is possible... (至句末)是一个并列分句，表示原因，其中for后面的however +形容词farfetched and unreasonable引导状语从句，表示让步。

在主干it is advisable to find out...中，it是形式主语，后面的不定式结构to find out what its advocates are aiming at是真正的主语。

【参考译文】当艺术上的一项新运动达到一定流行程度时，最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的，因为，无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么牵强、多么荒谬，在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常的东西。

2、并列句While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your“wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.【结构分析】这也是一个并列句，包含两个分句。

2020考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析(text3)2019考研英语一阅读理解考的是人工智能有关的文章，为大家提供2019考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析(text3)，一起来看看解析吧！Text3 ThisyearmarksexactlytwocenturiessincethepublicationofFranke nstein;or,TheModernPrometheus,byMaryShelley.Evenbeforethein ventionoftheelectriclightbulb,theauthorproducedaremarkablew orkofspeculativefictionthatwouldforeshadowmanyethicalquesti onstoberaisedbytechnologiesyettocome. Todaytherapidgrowthofartificialintelligence(AI)raisesfundam entalquestions:“Whatisintelligence,identity,orconsciousness?Whatmakeshuma nshumans?”Whatisbeingcalledartificialgeneralintelligence,machinesthat wouldimitatethewayhumansthink,continuestoevadescientists.Ye thumansremainfascinatedbytheideaofrobotsthatwouldlook,move, andrespondlikehumans,similartothoserecentlydepictedonpopula rsci-fiTVseriessuchas“Westworld”and“Humans”. Justhowpeoplethinkisstillfartoocomplextobeunderstood,letalonereproduced,saysDavidEagleman,aStanfordUniversityneuroscie ntist.“Wearejustinasituationwheretherearenogoodtheoriesexplainin gwhatconsciousnessactuallyisandhowyoucouldeverbuildamachine togetthere.”Butthatdoesn'tmeancrucialethicalissuesinvolvingAIaren'tatha nd.Thecominguseofautonomousvehicles,forexample,posesthornye thicalquestions.Humandriverssometimesmustmakesplit-secondde cisions.Theirreactionsmaybeacomplexcombinationofins tantreflexes,inputfrompastdrivingexperiences,andwhattheirey esandearstelltheminthatmoment.AI“vision”todayisnotnearlyassophisticatedasthatofhumans.Andtoanticipa teeveryimaginabledrivingsituationisadifficultprogrammingpro blem.Wheneverdecisionsarebasedonmassesofdata,“youquicklygetintoalotofethicalquestions,”notesTanKiatHow,chiefexecutiveofaSingapore-basedagencythati shelpingthegovernmentdevelopavoluntarycodefortheethicaluseo fAI.AlongwithSingapore,othergovernmentsandmega-corporations arebeginningtoestablishtheirownguidelines.Britainissettingu padataethicscenter.IndiareleaseditsAIethicsstrategythisspri ng.OnJune7Googlepledgednotto“designordeployAl”thatwouldcause “overallharm,”ortodevelopAl-directedweaponsoruseAIforsurveillancethatwoul dviolateinternationalnorms.ItalsopledgednottodeployAIwhoseu sewouldviolateinternationallawsorhumanrights. Whilethestatementisvague,itrepresentsonestartingpoint.Sodoe stheideathatdecisionsmadebyAIsystemsshouldbeexplainable,tra nsparent,andfair.Toputitanotherway:Howcanwemakesurethatthethinkingofintellig entmachinesreflectshumanity'shighestvalues?Onlythenwillthey beusefulservantsandnotFrankenstein'sout-of-controlmonster.31.MaryShelley'snovelFrankensteinismentionedbecauseitA.fascinatesAlscientistsallovertheworld.B.hasremainedpopularforaslongas200years.C.involvessomeconcernsraisedbyAltoday.D.hassparkedseriousethicalcontroversies32.InDavidEagleman'sopinion,ourcurrentknowledgeofconsciousn essA.helpsexplainartificialintelligence.B.canbemisleadingtorobotmaking.C.inspirespopularsci-fiTVseries.D.istoolimitedforustoreproduceit33.ThesolutiontotheethicalissuesbroughtbyautonomousvehiclesA.canhardlyeverbefound.B.isstillbeyondourcapacity.C.causeslittlepublicconcern.D.hasarousedmuchcuriosity.34.Theauthor'sattitudetowardGoogle'spledgesisoneofA.affirmationB.skepticism.C.contemptD.respect.35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Al'sFuture:IntheHandsofTechGiantsB.Frankenstein,theNovelPredictingtheAgeofAlC.TheConscienceofAI:ComplexButInevitableD.AIShallBeKillersOnceOutofControl31.答案【C】involvessomeconcernsraisedbyAltoday.解析：本题目为首段例证题，首段例证主要为了引出全文的讨论的主题(introducethetopic)。

2021考研英语阅读句子理解题型解析
时间一天天的过去，为了做好备考复习，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语阅读句子理解题型解析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯！
2021考研英语阅读句子理解题型解析
1. 标志
题干中给出原文中具体的一句话，要求理解其意思。

2. 命题模式
（1）By“…”，the writer means 。

（2）According to passage，what is “…”？
（3）By saying “…”the author implied that…
（4）The phrase（sentence）“…”（in line…）most probably means 。

3. 做题关键
做这类题时要立足于本句，借上下句帮助理解。

4. 做题步骤
返回原文找到所考的句子，找出句子的主干或看出作者所表达的态度，也可以利用微观阅读技巧，如标点符号或关联词对句子进行精确理解。

5. 注意事项
正确答案与原句之间是一个同义关系，其中一般不存在推理过程。

干扰项特点：（1）根据命题原则，正确选项不会使用与原文过多相同的字眼，因此，对句子的解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。

（2）四个选项中与原句意思最接近的为正确答案，选项与原文之间没有任何推理过程。

考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析1、While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured、【译文】尽管警告常常就是适当而且必须得——比如对于药物相互作用得危险提出警告——许多警告还就是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出得，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告就是不就是确实可以使得生产者与销售者豁免责任。

【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured就是主句。

主句用了一个形式主语it，真正得主语就是that引导得从句，而that从句之后就是一个if引导得条件从句。

从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。

破折号之间得部分就是举例说明warnings得内容。

注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中得many就是指many warnings。

2、Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport 、【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起得各种问题也会对社会造成新得压力。

20PP年考研英语阅读理解真题长难句分析第三篇第三句考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。

在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。

下面我们来看20PP年第3篇第3句的翻译。

20PP年第3篇第3句NeGtPear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontro lwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbPmajorrailcarriers.词汇：merger//n.兼并freight//n.货物carrier//n.货运公司结构：NeGtPear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted(时间状语从句),//justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmov edbPmajorrailcarriers(主句).译文：到明年，一系列兼并活动完成之后，仅仅是这四家铁路公司将牢牢控制主要铁路公司货运总量的90%以上。

考场上做题时间如何合理分配?在考试的考场里面，我们的考试是在下午两点到下午五点之间，三个小时的时间进行的。

这就意味着在考场里面你的阅读这部分，理论上讲，你有72分钟的时间，这72分钟做四篇文章，每篇文章大概明确说了，给我考1600个词，每篇文章400个词，实际上考察的过程当中是400到420个单词。

这样平均下来，每一篇文章各位有18分钟的时间。

但是，实际上在考场里面要比18分钟还要多。

为什么?首先，因为考试的时候是在12月底，那是北半球最冷的时候，下午的考试，上午考试结束，中午同学们吃东西，回来之后一般站在操场上，因为我们的考点多数设置在一些中学或者职业高中里面，大家在操场上结合，站到1：40分的时候，很冷的，基本上一点五十大家都坐定了，提前你大概能想出两到三分钟的时间。

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析Being a man hasalways been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal ofmale mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girlsdo. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys inthose crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, anotherchance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of ababy surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram toolight or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost nodifference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent ofevolution has gone。

There is another way to commit evolutionary : stay alive,but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except insome religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays thenumber of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us haveroughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and theopportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the greatcities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity oftoday―everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring meansthat natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class Indiacompared to the tribes。

2019年考研英语阅读真题解析3（英语学习）考研英语真题对我们掌握考点至关重要，下面为大家整理了考研英语阅读真题解析，希望可以为大家带来帮助！It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the主语插入语谓语宾语night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.原因状语从句译文：皇家莎士比亚剧团声称，为小镇带来大量收入的是那些来看戏的人，因为他们会在当地过夜(有些甚至会住四五个晚上)，因此会把大把的钱花在酒店和饭店中。

分析：本句使用了强调句型It is…who…，强调的是主语the playgoers，因此本句的主干其实是…the playgoers…bring in much of the town’s revenue…。

because引导的原因状语从句说明前面主句发生的原因;该从句的主干是they spend the night…，此处包含了固定句型spend(some time)doing sth.。

【词汇解析】contend [kən’tend](vi.)竞争,争夺(vt.)坚决主张,声称(CET-6、考研词汇)(2006年-阅读2、2012年-阅读1)(con-共同,一起，tend-词根,伸展,延伸→ (在赛场上)所有人都“伸向”同一个目标、都渴望能够摘取到冠军头衔——即“竞争,争夺”，后引申为“坚决主张,声称”;因为所谓“坚决主张、声称”就是“伸出”手臂、奋力高呼，也与“词根tend-伸展”有关。

)revenue [’revinju:](n.(国家)岁入,财政收入; (大宗)收益(CET-6、考研词汇)(2006年-阅读2)(re-回,反，ven=vent-词根,来，ue-尾缀→ 返回到国库里面的东西——即“(国家)岁入,财政收入”，引申为“(大宗)收益”。