2005年美赛B题

1.2013 MCM A: The Ultimate Brownie Pan2013 MCM B: Water, Water, Everywhere2013 ICM: Network Modeling of Earth's Health2. 2012 MCM A: The Leaves of a Tree2012 MCM B: Camping along the Big Long River2012 ICM: Modeling for Crime Busting3. 2011 MCM A: Snowboard Course2011 MCM B: Repeater Coordination2011 ICM: How environmentally and economically sound are electric vehicles? Is their widespread use feasible and practical4. 2010 MCM A: The Sweet Spot2010 MCM A: The Sweet Spot2010 ICM: The Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch5. 2009 MCM A: Designing a Traffic Circle2009 MCM B: Energy and the Cell Phone2009 ICM: Creating Food Systems: Re-Balancing Human-Influenced Ecosystems6. 2008 MCM A: Take a Bath2008 MCM B: Creating Sudoku Puzzles2008 ICM: Finding the Good in Health Care Systems7. 2007 MCM A: Gerrymandering2007 MCM B: The Airplane Seating Problem2007 ICM: Organ Transplant: The Kidney Exchange Problem8. 2006 MCM A: Positioning and Moving Sprinkler Systems for Irrigation2006 MCM B: Wheel Chair Access at Airports2006 ICM: Trade-offs in the fight against HIV/AIDS9. 2005 MCM A: Flood Planning2005 MCM B: Tollbooths2005 ICM: Nonrenewable Resources10. 2004 MCM A: Are Fingerprints Unique?2004 MCM B: A Faster QuickPass System2004 ICM: To Be Secure or Not to Be?11. 2003 MCM A: The Stunt Person2003 MCM B: Gamma Knife Treatment Planning2003 ICM: Aviation Baggage Screening Strategies: To Screen or Not to Screen, that is the Question12. 2002 MCM A: Wind and Waterspray2002 MCM B: Airline Overbooking2002 ICM: Scrub Lizards13. 2001 MCM A: Choosing a Bicycle Wheel2001 MCM B: Escaping a Hurricane's Wrath (An III Wind...)14. 2000 MCM A: Air Traffic Control2000 MCM B: Radio Channel Assignments2000 ICM: Elephants: When is Enough, Enough?15. 1999 MCM A: Deep Impact1999 MCM B: Unlawful Assembly1999 ICM: Ground Pollution16. 1998 MCM A: MRI Scanners1998 MCM B: Grade Inflation17. 1997 MCM A: The Velociraptor Problem1997 MCM B: Mix Well for Fruitful Discussions 18. 1996 MCM A: Submarine Tracking1996 MCM B: Paper Judging19. 1995 MCM A: Helix Construction1995 MCM B: Faculty Compensation20. 1994 MCM A: Concrete Slab Floors1994 MCM B: Network Design21. 1993 MCM A: Optimal Composting1993 MCM B: Coal-Tipple Operations22. 1992 MCM A: Air-Traffic-Control Radar Power1992 MCM B: Emergency Power Restoration23. 1991 MCM A: Water Tank Flow1991 MCM B: The Steiner Tree Problem24. 1990 MCM A: The Brain-Drug Problem1990 MCM B: Snowplow Routing25. 1989 MCM A: The Midge Classification Problem1989 MCM B: Aircraft Queueing26. 1988 MCM A: The Drug Runner Problem1988 MCM B: Packing Railroad Flatcars27. 1987 MCM A: The Salt Storage Problem1987 MCM B: Parking Lot Design28. 1986 MCM A: Hydrographic Data1986 MCM B: Emergency-Facilities Location29. 1985 MCM A: Animal Populations1985 MCM B: Strategic Reserve Management。

AB DC B 2005年 美国AMC8 (2005年11月 日 时间40分钟)1. 小妮将一数乘以2得到60。

不过，她应当将这个数除以2才会得到正确的答案。

正确的答案应该是多少？ (A) 7.5 (B) 15 (C) 30 (D) 120 (E) 240。

2. 卡尔某天在文具店买了每个美金$2.5元的资料夹5个。

这个文具店在卡尔买后的隔天降价20%。

假如卡尔多等一天才买，问他可以节省多少元？(A) $1.00 (B) $2.00 (C) $2.50 (D) $2.75 (E) $5.00。

3. 至少要将下图正方形ABCD 中多少个空白的小正方形涂黑后，才可以使得着色后的图形是对称于对角线BD ？ (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3(D) 4 (E) 5。

4. 一个正方形与一个三角形的周长相等。

三角形的三边长分别为6.1公分、8.2公分及9.7公分。

此正方形的面积是多少平方公分？ (A) 24 (B) 25 (C) 36 (D) 48 (E) 64。

5. 汽水有以6罐一捆、12罐一捆及24罐一捆三种包装方式出售。

至少要买多少捆才会刚好买到90罐汽水？ (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) 15。

6. 设d 是一位数字。

有多少个数值d 可以使得2.00d 5>2.005？(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) 10。

7. 小明先往南走了21公里，再往东走了43公里，最后再往南走了21公里。

小明从出发点到最后停止点的直线距离是多少公里？ (A) 1 (B) 411 (C) 211 (D) 431 (E) 2。

8. 设m 及n 为正奇数，下列哪一个也是奇数？(A) m +3n (B) 3m -n (C) 3m 2+3n 2 (D) (nm +3)2 (E) 3mn 。

9. 在四边形ABCD 中，边AB 及BC 的长均为10，边CD 及DA 的长均为17，且角∠ADC 为60︒。

2005年全国大学生英语竞赛决赛试题(B级)2005 National English Contest for College Students (Level B - Final) Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 30 points)Section A Dialogues (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short dialogues. At the end of each dialogue, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the dialogue and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A. August 1st. B. August 7th. C. July 1st. D. July 6th.2. A. At the Peach Corner Street.B. At the subway station.C. At the traffic light.D. At the express bus terminal.3. A. His wife's promotion.B. His and his wife's wedding anniversary.C. His wife's graduation.D. His wife's birthday.4. A. By bus. B. On foot. C. By bicycle. D. By subway.5. A. Staying with the job.B. Searching for another job.C. Talking with his boss.D. Getting a different friend.6. A. To buy tickets for a film.B. To see if there is a vacancy in the restaurant.C. To make a reservation of the table.D. To confirm his reservation.7. A. The man.B. The man's friend.C. The man's mother-in-law.D. The man's wife.8. A. By asking the lawyer himself.B. By looking it up in the telephone book.C. By calling his friend.D. By asking the telephone company.9. A. $ 24. B. $ 20. C. $ 16. D. $ 12.10. A. They both have bad teeth.B. T he woman hates “Monday mornings” most.C. Both of them had bad experiences with dentist.D. They have different opinions about dentists.Section B News Items (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short pieces of news from BBC or VOA. After each news item and question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.11. A. Best Supporting Actor. B. Best Actor. C. Best Director.12. A. Clean up the corruption and ineffective rule that plagued Palestine.B. Overhaul the Palestinians' governm ent, economy and security forces.C. Protect Palestine's national security.13. A. ＄25 million. B. ＄70 million. C. ＄90 million.14. A. It's a psychedelic classic.B. It's a piece of science fiction.C. Neither.15. A. Ali Jalali. B. Habiba Sarobi. C. Hamid Karzai.16. A. The Baikal Finance Group.B. A division of Yukos.C. The large state natural gas company Gazprom.17. A. A rock star. B. A footballer. C. A drummer.18. A. About 5 million.B. About 7 million.C. About 10 million.19. A. Iraqi. B. American. C. Italian.20. A. In 1979. B. In 1990. C. In 1994.Section C Passages (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear 5 questions. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.21. A. In 2000. B. In 2001. C. In 2002. D. In 2003.22. A. Her love of cooking and e-mail.B. Her picture on a cereal box.C. Her friendship with Britney Spears.D. Her support for the Grammy Awards.23. A. Because she was with her coach.B. Because she met many famous people.C. Because she was the fourth skater on the ice.D. Because she cam e first in the final competition.24. A. Because she got little sleep and fell ill.B. Because she was in Los Angeles.C. Because she was heartbroken.D. Because she was with the Backstreet Boys.25. A. She should always strive to win.B. She should keep improving her skating skills.C. She should be more relaxed when skating.D. She should have courage.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A. In Japan. B. In France.C. In China.D. In Portugal.27. A. Paper. B. Feathers or leaves.C. Masks or laces.D. Silk.28. A. Paper was stuck on a frame of flat sticks.B. Silk was stretched on a round fram e.C. Grasses were fixed to a wooden handle.D. Lace was printed on an ivory handle.29. A. In the 14th century.B. In the 17th century.C. In the 18th century.D. In the 15th century.30. A. It invented a new kind of fan in Europe.B. It was a main producer of fans.C. It invented a fan fram e.D. It first brought fans to Europe.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (5 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.31. It might be the world's most widely distributed email client, but Microsoft has confirmed that it has no _________ of further developing Outlook Express.A. willingnessB. readinessC. intentionD. demonstration32. Leisure time is a _________ commodity for most professors; still, _________ manage to curl up with a good book when they have the chance.A. usual; fewB. cheap; manyC. regular; lessD. scarce; a few33. It's unfair that she was overlooked and didn't get _________ for her accomplishm ents.A. creditB. identificationC. accountD. validity34. Instead, I'll _________ on the differences between the two versions; unfortunately most of the differences took away from the original film, _________ I think is truly excellent.A. explain; thatB. comment; whichC. analyse; asD. remark; what35. It took several days to _________ the courage to call, but through the encouragement of my parents I called the church where she worked.A. build onB. make outC. work upD. bring forward36. They are essentially unionistic, and seek union in harmony of spirit, life, and worship, _________ in a logical statement of doctrine.A. other thanB. better thanC. rather thanD. less than37. _________, Edward couldn't help but resent how insignificant his mother made him feel.A. Warm-hearted as he wasB. That he was warm-heartedC. Though warm-hearted he wasD. Warm-hearted although he was38. _________ the little girl with blue saucer eyes had waken before her mother and simply _________ off.A. Noticeably; setB. Distinctly; steppedC. Apparently; wanderedD. Notably; trodden39. I marvel that he _________, it having been said he had taken his final departure for Portugal.A. was not here nowB. should now be hereC. had been awayD. hasn't left40. It can be painful for parents when their children feel out of sync with others, but it is unwise _________ on the importance of fitting in; children get enough of that message in the outside world.A. laying a lot of importanceB. to put too much emphasisC. to give a large amount of concernD. throwing a great deal of anxietyPart III Situational Dialogues (5 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 incomplete dialogues in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41. Rose: Alan was really angry with Tom.Bill: Was he? How could you tell?Rose: ___________________________Bill: Oh, really? I should have noticed that.A. Didn't you see how red his face got?B. He said I should say so.C. I told him to stay calm.D. Well, could I try to tell him?42. Kate: John and Mary just had a baby!Tony: ___________________________Kate: Yes, isn't it? I'm really happy for them.A. I didn't know about it!B . That sounds interesting!C. What a great idea!D. That's wonderful news!43．Derek: Have you seen the film Oliver Twist, Kathy?Kathy: Yes, I went last night. ___________________________Derek: Saw it Monday. Good, isn't it?Kathy: Mm, it made me want to read the novel again.A. How about you?B. How are things going?C. How nice!D. How disappointing!44. Paul: Go down Main Street and turn left at the first corner. Then walk two blocks and you'll see the library just in front of you.Janet: _____________________Paul: That's right.A. Do you think I can find the library easily?B. Is what you're saying right?C. Main Street, first left, two blocks. Right?D. The library on the right?45. Richard: How much is it to rent an economy car?Tina: $19.00 a day or $129.00 a week, unlimited mileage.Richard: Could I have one for tomorrow morning?Tina: ___________________________Richard: Sure. Here it is.Tina: Good. Now just complete this form, please.A. Could you please show me your phone number, please?B. Do you have your driver's license?C. Can you tell me your address, please?D. May I have your name, please?46. Flora: What's the matter? Don't you like the soup?Carl: _________________________Flora: Oh, I'm sorry about that.A. I see. It's a little hot.B. Yes, I'm crazy about it.C. Well, not very much, I'm afraid.D. No. I like it, actually.47. Tracy: Do you have a single room for two nights?Clerk: We only have a small suite.Tracy: _______________________Clerk: $50.00 a night, including breakfast.Tracy: Fine. Could you show it to me, please?Clerk: Of course. Just follow m e.A. What's the rate?B. Where is it?C. How far is it?D. When will it be ready?48. Roger: Wow! It's like an oven in here!Judy: __________________________Roger: Thanks... That's a bit better.A. Don't worry. Dinner will be ready soon.B. Shall I open the window for you?C. I'll move the furniture into the hall.D. Would you like me to clean the room?49. Sandy: “Beats me”? What do you mean by that?Ruby: “I don't know.”Sandy: You don't? ___________________Ruby: Well, that's not what I meant. “Beats me” means “I don't know”.A. Did you say you beat som eone?B. You meant to beat me?C. Who do you think meant it?D. How come you said it then?50. David: Can you help me with my homework, please?Lisa: ______________________________David: Come on. Don't be so mean!A. No, but I can give you a helping hand.B. Why not? I have plenty of time.C. I'd like to, but I want to watch this video.D. Yes, of course I can do that for you.Part IV IQ Test (5 minutes, 5 points)Directions: There are 5 IQ Test questions in this part. For each question there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.51.When point G is added, DEFG is a square.What are the coordinates of point G?A. (1,7)B. (0,6)C. (2,7)D. (1,6)52.At the airport, Ground Control must guide a plane from point T to the beginning of the runway, R, ready to take off, avoiding any trees on the way.The plane can only move FORWARD, TURN LEFT 90° or TURN RIGHT 90°. Which set of instructions will guide the plane to the runway, avoiding any trees?A. FORWARD 3, RIGHT 90°,FORWARD 2, LEFT 90°, FORWARD 5.B. FORWARD 1, LEFT 90°, FORWARD 2, RIGHT 90°, FORWARD 7.C. FORWARD 3, RIGHT 90°, FORWARD 3, LEFT 90°, FORWARD 6.D. FORWARD 1, RIGHT 90°, FORWARD 2, LEFT 90°, FORWARD 7.53. Katie, Adam, Lucy, Ranjit and Richard all wear school uniforms.Katie, Adam and Ranjit wear ties.Ranjit wears a blazer.Richard hates the uniform but wears a blazer and tie.Lucy and Katie wear hats.Adam wears a blazer but no hat.Who wears the least item s of the uniform?A. Adam.B. Ranjit.C. Richard.D. Lucy.54.How many times will shape T fit into shape S?A. 16.B. 20.C. 24.D. 26.55. To answer this question you have to work out a code. On the left are some shapes and the codes that go with them. You must decide how the code letters go with the shapes. Then find the correct code for the test shape from the set of four codes on the right.Part V Reading Comprehension (25 minutes, 35 points)Section A Multiple Choice (5 points)Directions: There is 1 passage in this part with 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following CV.Questions:56. What is Jane Westmacott's postcode?A. CR8 5LL.B. CU1 4TX.C. SW2 4EJ.D. GR3 6WO.57. Where did Jane Westmacott go to school?A. Brixton, London.B. Gads Hill, Kent.C. Fissborough, near Coventry.D. Guildford, Surrey.58. In which subject did J ane Westmacott get the best GCSE Grade?A. English Language.B. French.C. History.D. Statistics.59. How many jobs has Jane Westmacott had?A. 1.B. 2.C. 3.D. 4.60. Which job did Jane Westmacott describe in detail on her CV?A. Her present job only.B. All her past jobs.C. Her last two jobs.D. Her first job.Section B Short Answer Questions (20 points)Directions: In this part, there are 2 passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. Read the passages carefully, then answer the questions in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words). Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Scientists say there has been a severe decrease in the amount of water in Lake Chad in northern Africa in the last thirty years. They reported that nature and humans share equal blame for this loss.In 1963, the fresh-water lake covered 25,000 square kilometers. Now the lake is only about five percent of that size. It measures only about 1,300 square kilometers in the dry season.Four nations surround Lake Chad. People in Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Cameroon use it for water, fish and plant life.Michael Coe and Jonathan Foley, water experts at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, reported on Lake Chad in a science journal. They say the area has suffered from a lack of heavy rain for more than thirty years. This has forced people to build systems to carry water to dry land. These irrigation systems further decrease the amount of lake water.Mr. Coe says Lake Chad will be only a small body of water in the future. He says people still can get water from the lake to drink and for crops. But he says the lake will no longer provide a healthy environm ent for fish and plant life.The researchers used a computer to study what caused the water loss. Their computer study estimated the climate and amount of water in the area. The estimate started with written records from the early 1960s. Then the researchers compared the estimates with the area's recorded climate and water supply for the same period.The computer study showed results similar to the recorded ones for the first twenty years. But there was a big change in the 1980s. At the time, the lake got smaller much faster than the computer research had estimated.The researchers say that major irrigation systems were built in the 1980s. The systems took water from two rivers that flow into Lake Chad. The Chari and Logone rivers carry most of the water that enters the lake. The study showed that the increased irrigation reduced the flow in the two rivers. Climate changes also were responsible for the reduction. The flow of the two rivers was reduced by almost seventy-five percent.Scientists say the problem is expected to worsen in the coming years as the population and demand for water continued to increase.Questions:61. The amount of water in Lake Chad is _______.62. The change in the size of Lake Chad is caused by the climate, _______ and _______.63. The water from Lake Chad is no longer environmentally appropriate for________.64. When did the scientists find that Lake Chad got smaller much faster?65. The water that the Chari and Logone rivers carry is now _______ percent of the flow of the past.Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.For many older people, the modern world is like a foreign country: telephones they can't use; video machines they can't programme; television programmes the y can't understand and music they can't stand. Not to mention forgetting everyday things, like names and facts. No wonder that most people think that as we get older, our minds steadily lose their power and effectiveness.However, recent scientific experiments have shown that it is not necessarily all downhill once you are past 70. In fact, in some important ways, scientists have seen that mental powers actually improve with age. They have demonstrated that we actually get better at making social and personal judgments as we grow older. While older people are not m entally sharper than the young and their eyesight and hearing aren't as good, they seem to have greater wisdom instead.These discoveries about old people have come about, says Dr. Thomas Hess of North Carolina State University, because scientists have changed the things they are looking at. “We were looking at problem areas, at abnormal brain states, because we were interested in understanding illnesses like Alzheimer's. Now we have started to look at what happens in normal brain function and the position looks more hopeful.”In one experiment carried out by Hess, groups of older and younger people were given a list of things that some imaginary people did and were asked to judge their characters for honesty and intelligence. The older group turned out to be much better at saying which people were dishonest or unintelligent.In another experiment, old and young people were asked to create stories on various themes. These were then written down and read out to judges who didn't know the authors' ages. Again, older people did better.Even in cases where scientists had previously discovered a weakening with age, such as with memory, new studies have shown that this tendency is not as clear as was once thought. It is true that when told stories, older people are usually poor at rem embering details, for example. However, when scientists gave older people stories that mirrored their own experiences—for instance, stories of retirement hom es—they were just as good at remembering as young people. Hess believes that this simply show s that older people don't bother to rem ember things that aren't important to them.This research seems to show that with age, while we lose the ability to acquire skills, we gain in other ways. Other research has shown that older people are generally happier and have better mental health. All this seems to show that, while the young ma y not want to admit it, there are many things they could usefully learn from their elders.Questions:66. Many old people often feel as if _______ .67. Recent scientific experiments have shown that, overall, human mental abilities _______ .68. In the first experiment, Dr. Hess found that older people were _______ .69. New studies have shown that older people can remember centain things_______ as young people.70. Older people tend to forget things that are _______ .Section C True (T) or False (F) (10 points)Directions: In this part, there is 1 passage followed with 10 statements. Read the passage and decide which of the statements at the end of the passage are true and which are false. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 71 to 80 are based on the following advertisement.Statements:71. The sole of the men's boots is made of leather.72. You can get the men's boots in two colours.73. The leather jacket is already insured when you buy it.74. It is cheaper to pay for the leather jacket over forty weeks.75. You can get the swimsuit in black.76. The swimsuit comes in four sizes.77. The jeans have a zip.78. You wear the jeans low.79. The order number for a green epaulette shirt is KQ 8149.80. The rugby shirt is not like the shirt worn by the rugby teams.Part VI Cloze (10 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the passage. For each blank, the first letter of the word has been given. Read the passage below and think of the word which best fits each blank. Use only one word in each blank. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.In 1885, the U.S. Post Office had a problem in the southern state of Florida. The delivery service f 81 Lake Worth to Biscayen Bay was taking six weeks.They found a solution—a 136-mile route that took three days. It meant that the mailmen had to walk barefoot along beaches for eighty miles and then c 82 the remaining fifty-six miles by boat. This difficult job was f 83 carried out by mailman Edwin R. Bradley. In the summer of 1887, James “Ed” Hamilton took over deliveries but a few m 84 later his career ended suddenly in circumstances which made himf 85 in the Post Office.The autumn weather that year was severe. On 9th October, Hamilton felt unwell as he set off. D 86 this, he arrived at his first stop, Orange Grove. His n 87 call should have been at a place named Fort Lauderdale Refuge. This time he didn't arrive and he was never seen again. Nobody ever found out what h 88 to him.In 1892, a road was b 89 and the days of the barefoot mailmen were over. However, their s 90 has never been forgotten. There are annual walks along the route, and a book and film have been made about them.Part VII Translation (15 minutes, 20 points)Section A English-Chinese Translation (10 points)Directions：Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.There is nothing worse than someone who is always late. Lateness can be a charming eccentricity—for a little while. The trouble is that Mr. or Mrs. Unpunctual soon starts causing inconvenience to other people. That's when the cheerful acceptance gives way to scorn and resentment.It's surprising how far the unpunctual person will go to inconvenience others. (91) For example, after accepting the offer of a lift to work the following morning, he or she will fail to turn up at the pick-up spot at the agreed time. There's sure to be a convincing reason: lost door keys, a child with whooping cough, a cat stuck up an apple tree...The giver of the lift makes sure he's not late. He's made the offer and now he feels responsible for it; come what may he must keep his word. On the other hand, the person who's receiving the favour feels free to turn up 10, 15 or 30 minutes after the time whichhad been agreed on. For him or her they are minutes of hurried activity earning the right to chauffeur-driven luxury; for the driver—the victim—they are minutes of sheer frustration, boredom and wasted time.What's the result of this easy-going attitude? (92) Well, maybe the person who offered the lift gives up the seemingly endless wait and disappears, in which case the latecomer struggles to complete his day's schedule later than ever. Wherever he goes he blames the lift for “letting him down”.There's another equally likely result. (93) In this version of the story, the giver of the lift waits in loyal frustration at the side of the road for as long as his thoughtless passenger takes to reach the spot. Not only are both of them late for work, but the passenger tells his colleagues about the driver's impatience in traffic queues!So what's the answer? Perhaps there should be a subtle change in how we view time. （94）At the moment we think of it as a very elastic commodity; we make vague arrangements to meet at about a certain time, and no one has a clear idea as to just how far that time will stretch. Will“about ten o'clock” stretch to a quart er past ten—or will it stretch to half past ten? There are no fixed rules.Why not arrange to meet by a certain time and stick to it? Not giving even a minute's grace seems a little harsh, but look at it this way: a train won't wait for a late passenger. People know what the deadline is, they accept that they have to be on time and they usually are. （95） Even the closest friends give up on each other eventually, so they may as well set a giving-up time when they make their arrangement. “By ten o'clock” s hould mean “sorry, but that's when I set off without you.”Section B Chinese-English Translation (10 points)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.96．创造性的思考需要一种能够使你产生想法并且灵活地运用知识和经验的态度。

2005年数学建模竞赛题目-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B题洁具流水时间设计我国是个淡水资源相当贫乏的国家，人均可利用淡水量不到世界平均数的四分之一。

特别是近几年来，由于环境污染导致降水量减少，不少省市出现大面积的干旱。

许多城市为了节能，纷纷采取提高水价、电价的方式来抑制能源消费。

而另一方面，据有关资料报道，我国目前生产的各类洁具消耗的能源（主要是指用水量）比其它发达国家的同类产品要高出60%以上。

某洁具生产产家打算开发一种男性用的全自动洁具，它的单位时间内流水量为常数v，为达到节能的目的，现有以下两个控制放水时间的设计方案供采用。

方案一：使用者开始使用洁具时，受感应洁具以均匀水流开始放水，持续时间为T，然后自动停止放水。

若使用时间不超过T-5秒，则只放水一次，否则，为保持清洁，在使用者离开后再放水一次，持续时间为10秒。

方案二：使用者开始使用洁具时，受感应洁具以均匀水流开始放水，持续时间为T，然后自动停止放水。

若使用时间不超过T-5秒，则只放水一次，否则，为保持清洁，到2T时刻再开始第二次放水，持续时间也为T。

但若使用时间超过2T-5秒，则到4T时刻再开始第三次放水，持续时间也是T……在设计时，为了使洁具的寿命尽可能延长，一般希望对每位使用者放水次数不超过2次。

该厂家随机调查了100人次男性从开始使用到离开洁具为止的时间(单位：秒)见下表：（1）请你根据以上数据，比较上述两种设计方案从节约能源的角度来看，哪一种更好？并为该厂家提供设计参数T（秒）的最优值，使这种洁具在相应设计方案下能达到最大限度节约水、电的目的；（2）从既能保持清洁又能节约能源出发，你是否能提出更好的设计方案，请通过建立数学模型与前面的方案进行比较。

美国数学建模竞赛题目1985年：A题：动物群体的管理B题：战略物资储备的管理问题1986年：A题：海底地型测量问题B题：应急设施的优化选址问题1987年：A题：堆盐问题（盐堆稳定性问题）B题：停车场安排问题1988年：A题：确定毒品走私船位置B题：平板列车车厢的优化装载1989年：A题：蠓虫识别问题；最佳分类与隔离B题：飞机排队模型1990年：A题：脑中多巴胺的分布B题：铲雪车的路径与效率问题1991年：A题：估计水塔的水流量B题：通信网络费用问题1992年：A题：雷达系统的功率与设计式样B题：紧急修复系统的研制1993年：A题：堆肥问题B题：煤炭装卸场的最优操作1994年：A题：保温房屋设计问题B题：计算机网络的最小接通时间1996年：A题：大型水下物体的探测B题：快速遴选优胜者问题1997年：A题：恐龙捕食问题B题：会议混合安排问题1998年：A题：MRI图象处理问题B题：分数贬值问题1999年：A题：小星体撞击地球问题B题：公用设施的合法容量问题C题：确定环境污染的物质、位置、数量和时间的问题2000年：A题：空间交通管制B题：无线电信道分配C题：大象群落的兴衰2001年：A题：选择自行车车轮B题：逃避飓风怒吼C题：我们的水系-不确定的前景2002年：A题：风和喷水池B题：航空公司超员订票C题：如果我们过分扫荡自己的土地，将会失去各种各样的蜥蜴。

2003年：A题：特技演员B题：Gamma刀治疗方案C题：航空行李的扫描对策2004年：A题：指纹是独一无二的吗？B题：更快的快通系统C题：安全与否？2005年：A题：flood planningB题：tollboothsC题: Nonrenewable Resources2006年：A题：Positioning and Moving SprinklerSystems for IrrigationB题：Wheel Chair Access at AirportsC题：Trade-offs in the fight againstHIV/AIDS2007年：A题：GerrymanderingB题：The Airplane Seating ProblemC题：Organ Transplant: The Kidney Exchange Problem2008年：A题：Take a BathB题：Creating Sudoku PuzzlesC题：Finding the Good in Health Care Systems2009年：A题：Designing a Traffic CircleB题：Energy and the Cell PhoneC题：Creating Food Systems: Re-Balancing Human-Influenced Ecosystems。

承诺书我们仔细阅读了中国大学生数学建模竞赛的竞赛规则.我们完全明白，在竞赛开始后参赛队员不能以任何方式（包括电话、电子邮件、网上咨询等）与队外的任何人（包括指导教师）研究、讨论与赛题有关的问题。

我们知道，抄袭别人的成果是违反竞赛规则的, 如果引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料（包括网上查到的资料），必须按照规定的参考文献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中明确列出。

我们郑重承诺，严格遵守竞赛规则，以保证竞赛的公正、公平性。

如有违反竞赛规则的行为，我们将受到严肃处理。

我们授权全国大学生数学建模竞赛组委会，可将我们的论文以任何形式进行公开展示（包括进行网上公示，在书籍、期刊和其他媒体进行正式或非正式发表等）。

我们参赛选择的题号是（从A/B/C/D中选择一项填写）：我们的参赛报名号为（如果赛区设置报名号的话）：所属学校（请填写完整的全名）：南京邮电大学参赛队员(打印并签名) ：1.2.3.指导教师或指导教师组负责人(打印并签名)：日期： 2015 年 7 月10 日赛区评阅编号（由赛区组委会评阅前进行编号）：DVD在线租赁摘要随着信息时代的到来以及电子商务的迅猛发展，人们的生活方式发生了深刻的变革。

问题一：为了求解各种DVD的最优进货量，我们运用概率论、线性规划的知识，建立线性规划模型。

首先，我们根据题目中给出的问卷调查表1给出的数据，估算各种DVD的理论需求量。

接着，由题目中的约束条件、目标函数，建立相应的线性规划模型。

最终，运用LINGO，计算出模型最优解，得到所需求DVD的最少数量。

问题二：为了实现在每个会员每次只能获得3张DVD和每种DVD数量有限的前提下，根据表2给出的会员订单数据来分配DVD,实现会员的满意度最大。

由题意可知，数字越小表示会员的偏爱程度越高，但字0表示对应的DVD当前不在会员的在线订单中，即可以认为偏好程度最低。

于是我们把原始数据里的“0”，全部替换成比现有偏爱程度数值最大值还要大的数字，这样随着数值的增大，偏爱程度降低，满意程度也降低，即满意程度与表示偏爱程度的数值成反比。

马剑整理历年美国大学生数学建模赛题目录MCM85问题-A 动物群体的管理 (3)MCM85问题-B 战购物资储备的管理 (3)MCM86问题-A 水道测量数据 (4)MCM86问题-B 应急设施的位置 (4)MCM87问题-A 盐的存贮 (5)MCM87问题-B 停车场 (5)MCM88问题-A 确定毒品走私船的位置 (5)MCM88问题-B 两辆铁路平板车的装货问题 (6)MCM89问题-A 蠓的分类 (6)MCM89问题-B 飞机排队 (6)MCM90-A 药物在脑内的分布 (6)MCM90问题-B 扫雪问题 (7)MCM91问题-B 通讯网络的极小生成树 (7)MCM 91问题-A 估计水塔的水流量 (7)MCM92问题-A 空中交通控制雷达的功率问题 (7)MCM 92问题-B 应急电力修复系统的修复计划 (7)MCM93问题-A 加速餐厅剩菜堆肥的生成 (8)MCM93问题-B 倒煤台的操作方案 (8)MCM94问题-A 住宅的保温 (9)MCM 94问题-B 计算机网络的最短传输时间 (9)MCM-95问题-A 单一螺旋线 (10)MCM95题-B A1uacha Balaclava学院 (10)MCM96问题-A 噪音场中潜艇的探测 (11)MCM96问题-B 竞赛评判问题 (11)MCM97问题-A Velociraptor(疾走龙属)问题 (11)MCM97问题-B为取得富有成果的讨论怎样搭配与会成员 (12)MCM98问题-A 磁共振成像扫描仪 (12)MCM98问题-B 成绩给分的通胀 (13)MCM99问题-A 大碰撞 (13)MCM99问题-B “非法”聚会 (14)MCM2000问题-A空间交通管制 (14)MCM2000问题-B: 无线电信道分配 (14)MCM2001问题- A: 选择自行车车轮 (15)MCM2001问题-B 逃避飓风怒吼（一场恶风...） .. (15)MCM2001问题-C我们的水系-不确定的前景 (16)MCM2002问题-A风和喷水池 (16)MCM2002问题-B航空公司超员订票 (16)MCM2002问题-C (16)MCM2003问题-A: 特技演员 (18)MCM2003问题-B: Gamma刀治疗方案 (18)MCM2003问题-C航空行李的扫描对策 (19)MCM2004问题-A：指纹是独一无二的吗？ (19)MCM2004问题-B：更快的快通系统 (19)MCM2004问题-C安全与否？ (19)MCM2005问题A.水灾计划 (19)MCM2005B.Tollbooths (19)MCM2005问题C：不可再生的资源 (20)MCM2006问题A: 用于灌溉的自动洒水器的安置和移动调度 (20)MCM2006问题B: 通过机场的轮椅 (20)MCM2006问题C : 抗击艾滋病的协调 (21)MCM2007问题B ：飞机就座问题 (24)MCM2007问题C：器官移植：肾交换问题 (24)MCM2008问题A:给大陆洗个澡 (28)MCM2008问题B：建立数独拼图游戏 (28)MCM85问题-A 动物群体的管理在一个资源有限，即有限的食物、空间、水等等的环境里发现天然存在的动物群体。

2015年华南师范大学研究生数学建模竞赛B 题空中加油问题对飞行中的飞机进行空中加油，可以大大提高飞机的直航能力。

为了简化问题，便于讨论，我们作如下假设。

设A 为空军基地，基地有一架作战飞机（简称主机）和n 架加油机（简称辅机）。

主机与辅机的速度和单位时间的耗油量均相同且为常数，油箱装满油后的最大航程均为L （公里）。

辅机可以对主机加油，辅机之间也可以相互加油。

今主机要执行某作战任务（如侦察或空投），所有飞机在完成自身的任务后均要求返回基地。

主机的最大作战半径（简称作战半径）是指主机在n 架辅机的协助下所能飞到的（并安全返回）离基地A 的最远距离。

显然当0=n 时，作战半径2/0L r =。

问题1 设飞机垂直起飞、垂直降落、空中转向、在地面或空中加油的耗时均忽略不计，每架飞机只能上天一次，在上述假设下的作战半径记为n r 。

当4,3,2,1=n 时，求作战半径n r 。

问题2 在问题1的假设下，当4>n 时，尽你的可能求出n r （提示：先假设辅机可以分为两类，第一类专为主机前进服务，第二类专为主机返回服务，再考虑一般情形），或给出n r 的上、下界； 讨论当∞→n 的过程中n r 与n 的渐近关系； 试给出判断最优作战方案（主机能够飞到n r 处）的必要条件或充分条件。

问题3 若每架辅机可以多次上天，辅机从机场上空降落及在地面检修、加油、再起飞到机场上空的时间相当于飞行12/L 的时间，飞机第一次起飞、转向、在空中加油的耗时仍忽略不计，此时的作战半径记为n R ，讨论与问题1、问题2类似的问题。

问题4 若另有2个待建的空军基地（或航空母舰）21,A A ，有n 架辅机，主机从基地A 起飞，向一给定的方向飞行，必须在基地A 降落，辅机可在任一基地待命，可多次起飞，且可在任一基地降落。

其他同问题3的假设，讨论21,A A 的选址和主机的作战半径*n R 。

问题5 设ABCD 为矩形，L AB 4=，L AD 2=，D B A ,,为三个空军基地，主机从A 起飞，到C 执行任务（执行任务时间仍忽略不计）再返回A 。

AMC10美国数学竞赛真题2005B卷A scout troop buys candy bars at a price of five for $. They sell all the candy bars at a price of two for $. What was the profit, in dollars?SolutionProblem 2A positive number has the property that of is . What is ?SolutionProblem 3A gallon of paint is used to paint a room. One third of the paint is used on the first day. On the second day, one third of the remaining paint is used. What fraction of the original amount of paint is available to use on the third day?SolutionProblem 4For real numbers and , define . What is the value ofSolutionProblem 5Brianna is using part of the money she earned on her weekend job to buy several equally-priced CDs. She used one fifth of her money to buy one third of the CDs. What fraction of her money will she have left after she buys all the CDs?SolutionAt the beginning of the school year, Lisa's goal was to earn an A on at leastof her quizzes for the year. She earned an A on of the first quizzes. If she is to achieve her goal, on at most how many of the remaining quizzes can she earn a grade lower than an A?SolutionProblem 7A circle is inscribed in a square, then a square is inscribed in this circle, and finally, a circle is inscribed in this square. What is the ratio of the area of the smaller circle to the area of the larger square?SolutionProblem 8An -foot by -foot ?oor is tiled with square tiles of size foot by foot. Each tile has a pattern consisting of four white quarter circles of radius foot centered at each corner of the tile. The remaining portion of the tile is shaded.How many square feet of the ?oor are shaded?SolutionProblem 9One fair die has faces , , , , , and another has faces , , , , , . The dice are rolled and the numbers on the top faces are added. What is the probability that the sum will be odd?SolutionIn , we have and . Suppose that is a point on line such that lies between and and . What is ?SolutionProblem 11The first term of a sequence is . Each succeeding term is the sum of the cubes of the digits of the previous term. What is the term of the sequence?SolutionProblem 12Twelve fair dice are rolled. What is the probability that the product of the numbers on the top faces is prime?SolutionProblem 13How many numbers between and are integer multiples of or but not ?SolutionProblem 14Equilateral has side length , is the midpoint of , and is the midpoint of . What is the area of ?SolutionProblem 15An envelope contains eight bills: ones, fives, tens, and twenties. Two bills are drawn at random without replacement. What is the probability that their sum is $or more?SolutionProblem 16The quadratic equation has roots that are twice those of, and none of , , and is zero. What is the value of ?SolutionProblem 17Suppose that , , , and . What is ?SolutionProblem 18All of David's telephone numbers have the form , where , , , , , , and are distinct digits and in increasing order, and none is either or . How many different telephone numbers can David have?SolutionProblem 19On a certain math exam, of the students got points, got points, got points, got points, and the rest got points. What is the difference between the mean and the median score on this exam?SolutionProblem 20What is the average (mean) of all -digit numbers that can be formed by using each of the digits , , , , and exactly once?SolutionProblem 21Forty slips are placed into a hat, each bearing a number , , , , , , , , , or , with each number entered on four slips. Four slips are drawn from the hat at random and without replacement. Let be the probability that all four slips bear the same number. Let be the probability that two of the slips bear a numberand the other two bear a number . What is the value of ?SolutionProblem 22For how many positive integers less than or equal to is evenly divisible by ?SolutionProblem 23In trapezoid we have parallel to , as the midpoint of , and as the midpoint of . The area of is twice the area of. What is ?SolutionProblem 24Let and be two-digit integers such that is obtained by reversing the digits of . The integers and satisfy for some positive integer . What is ?SolutionProblem 25A subset of the set of integers from to , inclusive, has the property that no two elements of sum to . What is the maximum possible number of elements in ?。