毛利锋 陆汉艳老师解析2012年考研英语2

2012年考研英语真题与答案Section 1 Use of EninglishMillions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) h ad a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1. A、performed B、served C、rebelled D、betrayed2. A、actual B、common C、special D、normal3. A、bore B、cased C、removed D、loaded4. A、necessities B、facilitice C、commodities D、propertoes5. A、and B、nor C、but D、hence6. A、for B、into C、form D、against7. A、meaning B、implying C、symbolizing D、claiming8. A、handed out B、turn over C、brought back D、passed down9. A、pushed B、got C、made D、managed10. A、ever B、never C、either D、neither11. A、disguised B、disturbed C、disputed D、distinguished12. A、company B、collection C、community D、colony13. A、employed B、appointed C、interviewed D、questioned14. A、ethical B、military C、political D、human15. A、ruined B、commuted C、patrolled D、gained16. A、paralleled B、counteracted C、duplicated D、contradicted17. A、neglected B、avoided C、emphasized D、admired18. A、stages B、illusions C、fragments D、advancea19. A、With B、To C、Among D、Beyond20. A、on the contrary B、by this means C、from the outset D、at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.A、is receiving more criticismB、is no longer an educational ritualC、is not required for advanced coursesD、is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.A、tend to have moderate expectations for their educationB、have asked for a different educational standardC、may have problems finishing their homeworkD、have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.A、discourage students from doing homeworkB、result in students' indifference to their report cardsC、undermine the authority of state testsD、restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. A、it should be eliminatedB、it counts much in schoolingC、it places extra burdens on teachersD、it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.A、Wrong Interpretation of an Educational PolicyB、A Welcomed Policy for Poor StudentsC、Thorny Questions about HomeworkD、A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even amongtwo-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually consideredthe more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own,when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.A、should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB、should not be associated with girls' innocenceC、cannot explain girls' lack of imaginationD、cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A、Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.B、Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.C、Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.D、White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.A、the marketing of products for childrenB、the observation of children's natureC、researches into children's behaviorD、studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.A、focus on infant wear and older kids' clothesB、attach equal importance to different gendersC、classify consumers into smaller groupsD、create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.A、clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB、fully understood by clothing manufacturersC、mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD、well interpreted by psychological expertsText3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'panieshadwonpatentsforis olatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Exec utiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO),atradegroup,assure dmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecisi on,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'srisk ofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirm sandpatientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy .TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:a geneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrew ardit;andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.Agrowingnumbersee styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctoberth eDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmol ecule“isnoless aproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwh etherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.Thecasemay yetreachtheSupremeCourt.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___.A、seek subsidies from the govemmentB、explore reasons for the unermploymentC、make profits from the troubled economyD、look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.A、realize the national dreamB、struggle against each otherC、challenge their lifestyleD、reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.A、impose a heavier burden on immigrantsB、bring out more evils of human natureC、Promote the advance of rights and freedomsD、ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.A、lag behind the others due to decreased opportunitiesB、catch up quickly with experienced employeesC、see their life chances as dimmed a s the others’D、recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.A、certainB、positiveC、trivialD、destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Unive rsal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding —from gender to race to cultural studies —were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)英语二答案：完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A翻译：而发展中国家担心移民，则通常考虑的是，他们最优秀的人才流入了硅谷，或是发达国家的一些医院和大学。

英语二真题：Section1UseofEninglishDirections:MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGI.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymb olofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’snothowitusedtobe.Totheme nandwomenwho（1)inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberated,theGI.wasthe（2)mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguyw ho（3)alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoGholes,whowentwithoutthe （4)offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurde r.thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,（5)anaverageguy,up （6)thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincent uries.Hisnameisnotmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation（7)GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticle（8)tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever（9)ittothetop.JoeBlow,JoeMagrac…aworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas（10)hadapresidentorvicepresidentorsecretaryofstateJoe.GI.joehada(11)careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops.Heapp ersasacharacter,ora(12)ofamericanpersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStor yofGI.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPyle(13)portraydethemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcovering the(14)sideofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snow–and-mudsoldiers,notho wmanymileswere(15)orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Hisreports(1 6)the“willie”cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Bothmen(17)thedirtan deGhaustionofwar,the(18)ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachot herandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.(19)Egypt,France ,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,(20)themostim portantpersonintheirlives.1.[A]performed[B]served[C]rebelled[D]betrayed2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal3.[A]bore[B]cased[C]removed[D]loaded4.[A]necessities[B]facilitice[C]commodities[D]propertoes5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[D]against7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming8.[A]handedout[B]turnover[C]broughtback[D]passeddown9.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed10.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither11.[A]disguised[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished12.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned14.[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advancea19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond20.[A]onthecontrary[B]bythismeans[C]fromtheoutset[D]atthatpoint SectionIIResdiongComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.answerthequestionaftereachteGtbychoosing A,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TeGt1Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanypare nts,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrosst hecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhis educationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.UnifiedhasproducedaninfleGiblepolic ywhichmandatesthatwiththeeGceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homew orkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorc haotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisuncle arandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudent scannotdowithouteGpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivin gapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobelower edforpoorchildren.Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:teache rsareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingf ornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomewor kandseeveylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowell onstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudent swhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossibleth atthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatwo rksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabout homework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents’a cademicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments, notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkdoesnothi ngtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmorethantheyare willingtoreviewandcorrect.Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresp onsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspubli chearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.21.Itisimpliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework_____.[A]isreceivingmorecriticism[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]isgainingmorepreferences22.L.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstude nts_____.[A]tendtohavemoderateeGpectationsfortheireducation[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework23.AccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay____.[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests[D]restrictteachers'powerineducation24.AsmentionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomework iswhether______.[A]itshouldbeeliminated[B]itcountsmuchinschooling[C]itplaceseGtraburdensonteachers[D]itisimportantforgrades25.AsuitabletitleforthisteGtcouldbe______.[A]WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy[B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents[C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework[D]AFaultyApproachtoHomeworkTeGt2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour, yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Ttisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,b utitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinon eway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitp resentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonly innocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesing ul arlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirD NA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,iti snot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheer abeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter ,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bot hboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whenn urserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremascul inecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,wit hitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfe mininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandseGdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpin kfullycameint oitsown, whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthema sfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionof whatisnaturaltokins,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldev elopment.Takethetoddler.IassumedthatphasewassomethingeGpertsdev elopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,ac dordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopulari sedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacrurersinthe1930s.Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesal es,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Ttwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyacceptedde velopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshaspro vedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentama rketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotprevio uslyeGist.26.Bysaying"itis...therainbow"(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink______.[A]shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence[C]cannoteGplaingirls'lackofimagination[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests27.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.[B]Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.[C]Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.[D]Whiteispreferedbybabies.28.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelo pmentwasmuchinfluencedby_____.[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren'snature[C]researchesintochildren'sbehavior[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto____ _.[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups[D]createsomecommonshoppers'terms30.Itcanbeconcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkseemstobe____.[A]clearlyeGplainedbytheirinborntendency[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers[C]mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicaleGpertsTeGt3In20GG.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'pani eshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by20GGsome20% ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch20GGajudgeruledthatgeneswer eunpatentable.EGecutiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndust ryOrganisation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta “preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtov erturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpat entstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefeG ecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsand patientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourt swillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmake threemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soit maynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;a ndpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.Agrow styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpate ntsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule “isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparate dfromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Fore Gample,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepa tentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AStheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpac paniesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostarealreadypatentedorinthepublicdomain.firmsarenowstudyinghow genesintcract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminetheca usesofdiseaseorpredictadrug’sefficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatent sfor‘connectingthedits’,eGpaainshanssauer,alawyerfortheBIO.Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheM ayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsneGtterm.TheBIOrtcentlyh eldaconventionwhichincludedseddionstocoachlawyersontheshiftingland scapeforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked.31.itcanbelearnedfromparagraphIthatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike-----A.theireGecutivestobeactiveB.judgestoruleoutgenepatentingC.genestobepatcntablcD.theBIOtoissueawarning32.thosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat----A.genetictestsarenotreliableB.onlyman-madeproductsarepatentableC.patentsongenesdependmuchoninnovatiaonD.courtsshouldrestrictaccesstogenetictests33.accordingtohanssauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor----A.establishingdiseasecomelationsB.discoveringgeneinteractionsC.drawingpicturesofgenesD.identifyinghumanDNA34.Bysaying“eachmeetingwaspacked”(line4,para6)theauthormeansthat-----A.thesupremecourtwasauthoritativeB.theBIOwasapowerfulorganizationC.genepatentingwasagreatconcernwyerswerekeentoattendconventiongs35.generallyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudetowardgenepatentingis----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveTeGt4Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeg inning.Beforeitends,itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagener ationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourcultu re,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthisnationaleconom icdisaster.Manysaidthatunemployment,whileeGtremelypainful,hadimpro vedtheminsomeways;theyhadbecomelessmaterialisticandmorefinanciall yprudent;theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects, perhapstherecessionwillleavesocietybetteroff.Attheveryleast,ithasawoke nusfromournationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputane cessaryendtoaneraofrecklesspersonalspending.Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,andfaroff.InTheMor alConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFried manarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomic stagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandl essinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreversedtheadvanceofrightsandfr eedoms.Anti-immigrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetwe enracesandclasses.Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone,.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,andd ecreaseopportunitiestocrossthem---especiallyforyoungpeople.Theresear chofTillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnot allpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlifechancesdimmed:thosewith degreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwisew ouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassesbeneathth emthatareleftbehind.Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoseetheresentmentthathasalwaysbe enhiddenwinthinAmericansociety.Moredifficult,inthemoment,isdiscernin gpreciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffectingsociety’scharacter.Inmanyres pects,theU.S.wasmoresociallytolerantenteringthisresessionthanatanytim einitshistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhavesh ownmiGedresults.WewillhavetowaitandseeeGactlyhowthesehardtimeswi llreshapeoursocialfabric.Buttheycertainlyit,andallthemoresothelongerthe yeGtend.36.Bysaying“tofindsilverlinings”(Line1,Para.2)theauthorsuggestthatthejoblesstryto___.[A]seeksubsidiesfromthegovemment[B]eGplorereasonsfortheunermployment[C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy[D]lookonthebrightsideoftherecession37.AccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople_____.[A]realizethenationaldream[B]struggleagainsteachother[C]challengetheirlifestyle[D]reconsidertheirlifestyle38.BenjaminFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay_____.[A]imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrants[B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature[C]Promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms[D]easeconflictsbetweenracesandclasses39.TheresearchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecessiongraduatesfro meliteuniversitiestendto_____.[A]lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunities[B]catchupquicklywitheGperiencedemployees[C]seetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers’[D]recovermorequicklythantheothers40.Theauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePartBDirections: ReadthefollowingteGtandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfrom theleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.TherearetwoeGtrachoicesintherightcolumn.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEERT1.(10points)“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isat bottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thisc ouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruth abouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefa thersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notins piration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecounti ngtheeGemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,Petrarchbeganworkonhisrambli ngwritingDeVirisIllustribus–OnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtu e)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortun eandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachi avelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness, andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfullea ders.Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemorated theleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'spersonaleGperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictoriana uthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengin eers,industrialistsandeGplores."ThevaluableeGampleswhichtheyfurnisho fthepowerofself-help,ifpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastinte grity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,eGhibit,"wr oteSmiles."whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself"Hisbiogra phiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupas beaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesont hetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonapart e.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowled gedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.CommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmens ewealthnorwagedbattles:“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assu ch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialconteGtsandpow errelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theyd onotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumsta ncesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricH obsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wh olenewrealmsofunderstanding—fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—w ereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittran sformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingteGtfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyourtranslat iononANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusually concernedattheprospectoftherbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValley ortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld,Thesearethekindofwo rkersthatcountrieslikeBritian,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimm igrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountri esareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin20GGf oundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,co mparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.This"braindrain"hasl ongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries,Theyfearthatithurtstheirecon omies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewpro ductsfortheirfactoriestomake.SectionIVWritingPartA47.DirectionsSupposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythat youboughtfromanonlinstoretheotherday,Writeanemailtothecustomerser vicecenterto1)makeacomplaintand2)demandapromptsolutionYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEET2Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,Use"zhangwei"instead.48、writeanessaybasedonthefollowingtable.Inyourwritingyoushould1)describethetable,and2)giveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteatleast150words(15points)英语二答案：完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B11.D12.B13.C14.D15.B16.A17.C18.B19.B20.DTEGT1：21.A22.C23.A24.B25.DTEGT2：26.A27.B28.A29.C30.CTEGT3：31.C32.B33.A34.D35.DTEGT4：36.D37.D38.B39.D40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE翻译、写作见后面详解详解1.【答案】B从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题真题试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who__1__in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the__2__ man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who __3__ all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the __4__of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid__5__an average guy ,up__6__the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation__7__Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article__8__to soldiers.And Joe? A common name for a guy who never__9__ it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has__10__had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a__11__career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a__12__of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle__13__ portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the__14__side of the war I, writing about the dirt-snow–and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were__15__or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports__16__the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men__17__he dirt and exhaustion of war, the __18__of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.__19__Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,__20__the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10%of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds hom ework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24.As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText 2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imaginat ion about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts de veloped after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. It was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO)，a trade group，assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved，at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision，ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad，a company in Utah，said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine，the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents：a gene is a product of nature，so it may not be patented；gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it；and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such asMyriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case，arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”Despite the appeals court's decision，big questions remain unanswered. For example，it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s e fficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----[A].their executives to be active[B].judges to rule out gene patenting[C].genes to be patcntablc[D].the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----[A].genetic tests are not reliable[B].only man-made products are patentable[C].patents on genes depend much on innovatiaon[D].courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----[A].establishing disease comelations[B].discovering gene interactions[C].drawing pictures of genes[D].identifying human DNA34．By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----[A].the supreme court was authoritative[B].the BIO was a powerful organization[C].gene patenting was a great concern[D].lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----[A].critical[B].supportive[C].scornful[D].objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till V on Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many res pects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless tryto___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till V on Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimme d as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points) “Universal history, the history of what man has a ccomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approachthe past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus –On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. “The history of all hitherto existing society is the hist ory of class struggles,” wrote Marx and Engel in The Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and the ir record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon V alley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25.This"brain drain"has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their univer-sities,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100 words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead . Part B48.Directions:write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words.(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查答案解析1．【答案】B【解析】从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。

20１2年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二）试题答案与解析Seｃtion I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章，主要讲述了G．I. Joe由普通人成长为英雄,是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。

二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题:Ｇ. I. Jｏe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。

空格中需要填动词,在定语从句中做谓语,其主语是ｗho(指代meｎａnｄwoｍｅｎ)，动作发生的地点是ｉn ＷorlｄWar IＩ；空后的句子“theｐeoｐle they ｌiｂｅｒaｔed”中ｔhey也指代men and ｗoｍeｎ，他们有ｌiｂeratｅ的动作,由此推断“ｔhe men ａnd woｍｅｎ”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人,即服役的军人。

只有serve 有“服兵役”的意思,所以选B。

A 项peｒfｏrｍ意为“表现;执行;表演”;C 项rebel 意为“造反，反抗”;Ｄ项beｔｒay意为”背叛,出卖”,皆不符合文意，为干扰项。

２．【答案】Ｂ【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的ｔhe poor farm kiｄ和tｈe ｇuy在含义上呼应,同时与空格后的“ｇrown intoherｏ”逻辑含义应保持一致,因此空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对,后面的分句说他背井离乡,经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（commoｎman）成长为英雄,所以选B。

A 项actual 意为“实际上,事实上的”；C 项ｓpeｃｉａl 意为“特殊的,专门的”;Ｄ项normaｌ意为“正常的,常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意,为干扰项。

３．【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是ｗho（the gｕy)，宾语是aｌl thｅburdeｎs of baｔtle，要表达“承担战争带来的负担,应该用动词beaｒ或ｓｈｏｕldeｒ,所以这里选A，boｒe。

Text2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly ac cepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In2010, a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented .But in March 2012 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battleOn July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Muriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a wom an’s risk of breast cancer .The chief executive of Mytiad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature…than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals court’s decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are unlikely patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for “connecting the dots,” explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyer on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like_____.[A] their executives to be active[B] judges to rule out gene patenting[C] genes to be patentable[D] the BIO to issue a warning32. Those who are against gene patents believe that_____.[A] genetic tests are not reliable[B] only man-made products are patentable[C] patants on genes depend much on innovation[D] courts should restrict access to genetic tests33. According to Hans Sauer , companies are eager to win patents for_____.[A] establishing disease correlations[B] discovering gene interactions[C] drawing pictures of genes[D] identifying human DNA34. By saying“Each meeting was packed”(Line 4,Para.6), the author means that______.[A] the supreme court was authoritative[B] the BIO was a powerful organisation[C] gene patenting was a great concern[D] lawyers were keen to attend conventions35. Generally speaking, the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is______.[A] critical[B] supportive[C] scornful[D] objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them - especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economic at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36. By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggests that the jobless try to ___.[A] seek subsidies from the government[B] explore reasons for the unemployment[C] make profit from the troubled economy[D] look on the bright side of the recession37. According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people___.[A] realize the national dream[B] struggle against each other[C] challenge their prudence[D] reconsider their lifestyle38. Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may___.[A] impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B] bring out more evils of human nature[C] promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D] ease conflicts between races and classes39. The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from elite universities tend to___.[A] lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B] catch up quickly with experienced employees[C] see their life chances as dimmed as the others[D] recover more quickly than the others40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is _____.[A] certain[B] positive[C] trivial[D] destructive。

2012年考研英语二阅读解析In 2012, the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination English II Reading Comprehension test was widely discussed. In my opinion, a good reading comprehension requires a comprehensive understanding of the text, as well as theability to analyze and interpret the information presented.First and foremost, a strong reading comprehensionentails a solid grasp of the main ideas and supportingdetails of the passage. This involves carefully reading and re-reading the text to ensure a clear comprehension of the author's message. Additionally, it requires the ability to identify key points and distinguish between main ideas and minor details.Furthermore, effective reading comprehension also involves the skill of inference and analysis. Readers must be able to draw conclusions and make connections betweendifferent parts of the text. This requires critical thinking and the ability to analyze the underlying meaning of the passage.Moreover, a high-quality reading comprehension also includes the ability to interpret information. This means understanding the author's purpose, tone, and perspective, and being able to discern the implicit or hidden meanings within the text.Overall, a good reading comprehension in the 2012 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination English II test required a combination of strong reading skills, critical thinking, and analytical abilities. These skills are essential for success in academic and professional settings, and are important for anyone seeking to understand and communicate effectively in the English language.。

2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题National Entrance Test of English Ⅱfor MA/MSCandidates (NETEM)Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World WarⅡand the people they liberated, the GI. was the 2 man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name isn't much. GI. is just a military abbreviation 7 .Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka. Joe Magrac...a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.G.I. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character. or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Emie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports 16 the “Willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B] served [C] rebelled [D] betrayed2.[A] actual [B] common [C] special [D] normal3.[A] bore [B] cased [C] removed [D] loaded4.[A] necessities [B] facilities [C] commodities [D] properties5.[A] and [B] nor [C] but [D] hence6.[A] for [B] into [C] form [D] against7.[A] meaning [B] implying [C] symbolizing [D] claiming8.[A] handed out [B] turn over [C] brought back [D] passed down9.[A] pushed [B] got [C] made [D] managed10.[A] ever [B] never [C] either [D] neither11.[A] disguised [B] disturbed [C] disputed [D] distinguished12.[A] company [B] collection [C] community [D] colony13.[A] employed [B] appointed [C] interviewed [D] questioned14.[A] ethical [B] military [C] political [D] human15.[A] ruined [B] commuted [C] patrolled [D] gained16.[A] paralleled [B] counteracted [C] duplicated [D] contradicted17.[A] neglected [B] avoided [C] emphasized [D] admired18.[A] stages [B] illusions [C] fragments [D] advances19.[A] With [B] To [C] Among [D] Beyond20.[A] on the contrary [B] by this means [C] from the outset [D] at that pointSection ⅡReading ComprehensionText 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ ac ademic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely,if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText 2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the VirginMary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26. By saying "it is ... The rainbow"(line 3, Para 1), the author means pink _______.A should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB should not be associated with girls' innocenceC cannot explain girls' lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls' lives and interests27. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls' DNAB Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsC Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological devotement was much influenced by ________.[A] the marketing of products for children[B] the observation of children's nature[C] researches into children's behavior[D] studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised ________.A focuses on infant wear and older kids' clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers' terms30. It can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be _____.A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules - most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dots’, explains Hans Sau er, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like______A. their executives to be activeB. judges to rule out gene patentingC. genes to be patentableD. the BIO to issue a warning32. Those who are against gene patents believe that_____A. genetic tests are not reliableB. only man-made products are patentableC. patents on genes depend much on innovationsD. courts should restrict access to genetic tests33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for_____A. establishing disease compellationsB. discovering gene interactionsC. drawing pictures of genesD. identifying human DNA34．By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that_____A. the Supreme Court was authoritativeB. the BIO was a powerful organizationC. gene patenting was a great concernD. lawyers were keen to attend conventions35. Generally speaki ng, the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is_____A. criticalB. supportiveC. scornfulD. objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,It will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwisewould have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more soc ially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the government[B]explore reasons for the unemployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37. According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38. Benjamin Friedman believed that economic recession may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39. The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valsey or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-education people form developing counting are particularly likely to emigrants , A big survey of Indian households in 2004found that nearly 40% of emigrants had morn than a high-school education ,compared with around 3.3%of all Indian over the age of 25. This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor counties .They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled worker who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospital and come up with clever new product for their factories to makeSection IV WritingPart A47. DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary thatyou bought from an online store the other day, Write an email to the customer service center to1) Make a complaint and2) Demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use "zhang wei "instead.48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1) Describe the table, and2) Give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words (15points)2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题解析Section ⅠUse of English1.【答案】B 从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。

2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章，主要讲述了G. I. Joe 由普通人成长为英雄，是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。

二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题：G. I. Joe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。

空格中需要填动词，在定语从句中做谓语，其主语是 who（指代men and women），动作发生的地点是 in World War II；空后的句子“the people they liberated”中 they也指代men and women，他们有 liberate的动作，由此推断“the men and women”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人，即服役的军人。

只有 serve 有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。

A 项 perform 意为“表现；执行；表演”；C 项 rebel 意为“造反，反抗”；D 项 betray 意为”背叛，出卖”，皆不符合文意，为干扰项。

2．【答案】B【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的the poor farm kid 和 the guy 在含义上呼应，同时与空格后的“grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致，因此空内信息应该是与 hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（common man）成长为英雄，所以选B。

A 项 actual 意为“实际上，事实上的”；C 项 special 意为“特殊的，专门的”；D 项 normal 意为“正常的，常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意，为干扰项。

3．【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是who（the guy），宾语是all the burdens of battle，要表达“承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词 bear 或 shoulder，所以这里选A，bore。

英语二真题：Section1UseofEninglishDirections:MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGI.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymb olofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’snothowitusedtobe.Totheme nandwomenwho（1)inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberated,theGI.wasthe（2)mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguyw ho（3)alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoGholes,whowentwithoutthe （4)offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurde r.thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,（5)anaverageguy,up （6)thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincent uries.Hisnameisnotmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation（7)GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticle（8)tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever（9)ittothetop.JoeBlow,JoeMagrac…aworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas（10)hadapresidentorvicepresidentorsecretaryofstateJoe.GI.joehada(11)careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops.Heapp ersasacharacter,ora(12)ofamericanpersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStor yofGI.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPyle(13)portraydethemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcovering the(14)sideofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snow–and-mudsoldiers,notho wmanymileswere(15)orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Hisreports(1 6)the“willie”cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Bothmen(17)thedirtan deGhaustionofwar,the(18)ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachot herandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.(19)Egypt,France ,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,(20)themostim portantpersonintheirlives.1.[A]performed[B]served[C]rebelled[D]betrayed2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal3.[A]bore[B]cased[C]removed[D]loaded4.[A]necessities[B]facilitice[C]commodities[D]propertoes5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[D]against7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming8.[A]handedout[B]turnover[C]broughtback[D]passeddown9.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed10.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither11.[A]disguised[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished12.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned14.[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advancea19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond20.[A]onthecontrary[B]bythismeans[C]fromtheoutset[D]atthatpoint SectionIIResdiongComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.answerthequestionaftereachteGtbychoosing A,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TeGt1Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanypare nts,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrosst hecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhis educationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.UnifiedhasproducedaninfleGiblepolic ywhichmandatesthatwiththeeGceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homew orkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorc haotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisuncle arandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudent scannotdowithouteGpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivin gapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobelower edforpoorchildren.Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:teache rsareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingf ornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomewor kandseeveylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowell onstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudent swhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossibleth atthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatwo rksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabout homework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents’a cademicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments, notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkdoesnothi ngtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmorethantheyare willingtoreviewandcorrect.Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresp onsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspubli chearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.21.Itisimpliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework_____.[A]isreceivingmorecriticism[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]isgainingmorepreferences22.L.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstude nts_____.[A]tendtohavemoderateeGpectationsfortheireducation[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework23.AccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay____.[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests[D]restrictteachers'powerineducation24.AsmentionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomework iswhether______.[A]itshouldbeeliminated[B]itcountsmuchinschooling[C]itplaceseGtraburdensonteachers[D]itisimportantforgrades25.AsuitabletitleforthisteGtcouldbe______.[A]WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy[B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents[C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework[D]AFaultyApproachtoHomeworkTeGt2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour, yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Ttisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,b utitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinon eway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitp resentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonly innocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesing ul arlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirD NA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,iti snot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheer abeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter ,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bot hboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whenn urserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremascul inecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,wit hitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfe mininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandseGdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpin kfullycameint oitsown, whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthema sfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionof whatisnaturaltokins,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldev elopment.Takethetoddler.IassumedthatphasewassomethingeGpertsdev elopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,ac dordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopulari sedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacrurersinthe1930s.Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesal es,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Ttwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyacceptedde velopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshaspro vedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentama rketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotprevio uslyeGist.26.Bysaying"itis...therainbow"(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink______.[A]shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence[C]cannoteGplaingirls'lackofimagination[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests27.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.[B]Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.[C]Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.[D]Whiteispreferedbybabies.28.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelo pmentwasmuchinfluencedby_____.[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren'snature[C]researchesintochildren'sbehavior[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto____ _.[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups[D]createsomecommonshoppers'terms30.Itcanbeconcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkseemstobe____.[A]clearlyeGplainedbytheirinborntendency[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers[C]mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicaleGpertsTeGt3In20GG.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'pani eshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by20GGsome20% ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch20GGajudgeruledthatgeneswer eunpatentable.EGecutiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndust ryOrganisation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta “preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtov erturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpat entstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefeG ecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsand patientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourt swillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmake threemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soit maynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;a ndpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.Agrow styearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpate ntsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule “isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparate dfromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Fore Gample,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepa tentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AStheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpac paniesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostarealreadypatentedorinthepublicdomain.firmsarenowstudyinghow genesintcract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminetheca usesofdiseaseorpredictadrug’sefficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatent sfor‘connectingthedits’,eGpaainshanssauer,alawyerfortheBIO.Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheM ayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsneGtterm.TheBIOrtcentlyh eldaconventionwhichincludedseddionstocoachlawyersontheshiftingland scapeforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked.31.itcanbelearnedfromparagraphIthatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike-----A.theireGecutivestobeactiveB.judgestoruleoutgenepatentingC.genestobepatcntablcD.theBIOtoissueawarning32.thosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat----A.genetictestsarenotreliableB.onlyman-madeproductsarepatentableC.patentsongenesdependmuchoninnovatiaonD.courtsshouldrestrictaccesstogenetictests33.accordingtohanssauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor----A.establishingdiseasecomelationsB.discoveringgeneinteractionsC.drawingpicturesofgenesD.identifyinghumanDNA34.Bysaying“eachmeetingwaspacked”(line4,para6)theauthormeansthat-----A.thesupremecourtwasauthoritativeB.theBIOwasapowerfulorganizationC.genepatentingwasagreatconcernwyerswerekeentoattendconventiongs35.generallyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudetowardgenepatentingis----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveTeGt4Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeg inning.Beforeitends,itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagener ationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourcultu re,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthisnationaleconom icdisaster.Manysaidthatunemployment,whileeGtremelypainful,hadimpro vedtheminsomeways;theyhadbecomelessmaterialisticandmorefinanciall yprudent;theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects, perhapstherecessionwillleavesocietybetteroff.Attheveryleast,ithasawoke nusfromournationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputane cessaryendtoaneraofrecklesspersonalspending.Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,andfaroff.InTheMor alConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFried manarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomic stagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandl essinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreversedtheadvanceofrightsandfr eedoms.Anti-immigrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetwe enracesandclasses.Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone,.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,andd ecreaseopportunitiestocrossthem---especiallyforyoungpeople.Theresear chofTillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnot allpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlifechancesdimmed:thosewith degreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwisew ouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassesbeneathth emthatareleftbehind.Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoseetheresentmentthathasalwaysbe enhiddenwinthinAmericansociety.Moredifficult,inthemoment,isdiscernin gpreciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffectingsociety’scharacter.Inmanyres pects,theU.S.wasmoresociallytolerantenteringthisresessionthanatanytim einitshistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhavesh ownmiGedresults.WewillhavetowaitandseeeGactlyhowthesehardtimeswi llreshapeoursocialfabric.Buttheycertainlyit,andallthemoresothelongerthe yeGtend.36.Bysaying“tofindsilverlinings”(Line1,Para.2)theauthorsuggestthatthejoblesstryto___.[A]seeksubsidiesfromthegovemment[B]eGplorereasonsfortheunermployment[C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy[D]lookonthebrightsideoftherecession37.AccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople_____.[A]realizethenationaldream[B]struggleagainsteachother[C]challengetheirlifestyle[D]reconsidertheirlifestyle38.BenjaminFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay_____.[A]imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrants[B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature[C]Promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms[D]easeconflictsbetweenracesandclasses39.TheresearchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecessiongraduatesfro meliteuniversitiestendto_____.[A]lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunities[B]catchupquicklywitheGperiencedemployees[C]seetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers’[D]recovermorequicklythantheothers40.Theauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePartBDirections: ReadthefollowingteGtandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfrom theleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.TherearetwoeGtrachoicesintherightcolumn.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEERT1.(10points)“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isat bottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thisc ouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruth abouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefa thersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notins piration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecounti ngtheeGemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,Petrarchbeganworkonhisrambli ngwritingDeVirisIllustribus–OnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtu e)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortun eandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachi avelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness, andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfullea ders.Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemorated theleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'spersonaleGperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictoriana uthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengin eers,industrialistsandeGplores."ThevaluableeGampleswhichtheyfurnisho fthepowerofself-help,ifpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastinte grity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,eGhibit,"wr oteSmiles."whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself"Hisbiogra phiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupas beaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesont hetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonapart e.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowled gedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.CommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmens ewealthnorwagedbattles:“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assu ch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialconteGtsandpow errelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theyd onotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumsta ncesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricH obsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wh olenewrealmsofunderstanding—fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—w ereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittran sformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingteGtfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyourtranslat iononANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusually concernedattheprospectoftherbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValley ortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld,Thesearethekindofwo rkersthatcountrieslikeBritian,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimm igrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountri esareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin20GGf oundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,co mparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.This"braindrain"hasl ongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries,Theyfearthatithurtstheirecon omies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewpro ductsfortheirfactoriestomake.SectionIVWritingPartA47.DirectionsSupposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythat youboughtfromanonlinstoretheotherday,Writeanemailtothecustomerser vicecenterto1)makeacomplaintand2)demandapromptsolutionYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEET2Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,Use"zhangwei"instead.48、writeanessaybasedonthefollowingtable.Inyourwritingyoushould1)describethetable,and2)giveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteatleast150words(15points)英语二答案：完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B11.D12.B13.C14.D15.B16.A17.C18.B19.B20.DTEGT1：21.A22.C23.A24.B25.DTEGT2：26.A27.B28.A29.C30.CTEGT3：31.C32.B33.A34.D35.DTEGT4：36.D37.D38.B39.D40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE翻译、写作见后面详解详解1.【答案】B从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。