环境类词汇

环境保护类native species本地物种marine species海洋物种prevent flooding预防水灾enrich soil使土地肥沃disperse seeds散播种子support wildlife供养野生动物absorb pollutants吸收有害物质preserve soil保护土壤fight erosion防止腐蚀reduce runoff减少流失hold soil固土fallen leaves落叶remove dust除尘degradation气温living creatures生物ruin the environment破坏环境weather forecast天气预报climate change气候变化global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应finite resource有限资源deforestation砍伐森林desertification沙漠化on-the-spot fine当场处罚urban garbage城市垃圾litter乱扔垃圾population growth人口增长remedial measure补救性措施environmental protectior环境保护ecosystem生态系统air pollution空气污染carbon dioxide二氧化碳hazardous material有害物质be in short supply供应不足chemical pollutant化学污染物industrial waste工业废料global warming全球变暖ecosystem n.生态系统environmental protection环境保护sustainable development可持续发展greenhouse effect温室效应low carbon低碳discharge vt.排放contaminate v.污染deteriorate V.恶化lack vt.缺少green adj.环保的eco-friendly adj.环保的environmental-friendly adj.环保的degrade v.恶化、降级shortage n.缺乏eficiency n.缺乏、不足deplete natural resources 耗尽自然资源preserve vt.保护leave a carbon footprint 留下一个碳足迹toxic adj.有毒的environmental-friendly products环保产品sort the daily garbage 生活垃圾分consume less and recycle more 少消耗、多回收discharge/release pollutants into the environment 向环境排放污染物renewable energies可再生能源，fight climate change 抵制气候变化conserve energy 节约能源improve air quality改善空气质量fuel-efficient vehicles燃油高效汽车improve air quality改善空气质量filter air净化空气provide oxygen提供氧气lower air temperature降低气温vulnerable species濒危物种Habitat loss栖息地消失under threat of extinction濒临灭绝take practical actions采取实际行动Conservationists自然资源保护主义者conservation groups环境保护组织redress that balance恢复平衡offer dues to为...提供线索modern lifestyles现代的生活方式lined with trees成行的绿树flowering plants开花植物deflect the sunlight让阳光折射civil engineering土木工程关爱野生物种的农民absorb and store rainwater 吸收和储存雨水garbage classification垃圾分类water-saving habit节水的习惯distribution of water水的分布water conservation水资源保护water shortage水资源短缺unclear and impure浑浊不清drinking water饮用水acid rain酸雨exhaust gas废气nature reserve自然保护区public hazard公共危害a fire hazard火灾隐患flood水灾drought旱灾save energy节能at risk在危险中acute disease急性病be exhausted被耗尽make joint hand携手chemical plant化工厂fight against对抗ever-accelerated不断发展suffer a great deal from深受其害destroy the ozone layer破坏臭氧层environmental degradation环境恶化deterioration of the ecology 生态恶化sustainable development持续发展keep ecological balance保持生态平衡break the ecological balance 破坏生态平衡appeal to the government向政府呼吁encourage city -residents鼓励市民set up a foundation建立一笔基金punish severely by the law依法严惩bring about a lot of losses 造成巨大损失enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量pose a threat to health对健康构成潜在威胁extremely serious problem极其严重的问题。

关于环境的英语词汇干旱Drought全球变暖Global warming温室效应Greenhouse effect湿度Humidity微气候影响Microclimate effects海平面上升Sea level rise人工影响天气Weather modification岩石圈LITHOSPHERE固态地球Solid Earth洞穴Caves地震活动Seismic activity土壤Soils农用土地Agricultural land碱地Alkali lands污染的土地Contaminated land污染的土壤Contaminated soil沙坑Gravel pits荒地Heath lands土地承载能力Land carrying capacity土地污染Land pollution土地开垦Land reclamation土地恢复Land restoration土地使用分类Land use classification边缘土地Marginal lands沙石开采Sand extraction沉积Sedimentation土壤潜力Soil capabilities土壤保持Soil conservation土壤污染Soil contamination土壤退化Soil degradation地震监测Seismic monitoring火山Volcanoes风蚀Wind erosion陆地生态系统TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS大气ATMOSPHERE大气组成Atmospheric composition 空气质量Air quality大气化学Atmospheric chemistry大气成分Atmospheric components大气颗粒物Atmospheric particulates二氧化碳Carbon dioxide温室气体Greenhouse gasesadverse weather condition 恶劣的天气状况desertification 沙漠化sandstorm 沙尘暴air quality rating 空气质量评级visibility 能见度sand and dust weather 沙尘天气cold snap 寒潮stormy wind 暴风blizzard 大风雪snowstorm 暴风雪ice rain 冻雨thunderstorm 雷暴hail/hailstone 冰雹frosty 霜冻cold spell 春寒期dry spell 干旱期drought-relief efforts 抗旱drinking water shortage 饮用水缺乏drought region 干旱地区rain spell 雨季precipitation 降雨或降雪量fog 浓雾sleet 雨夹雪；雹；冻雨hurricane 飓风cyclone 旋风typhoon 台风whirlwind 龙卷风waterspout 海上龙卷风Indian summer 秋老虎weather modification 人工影响天气artificial precipitation/rainfallenhancement 人工增雨artificial rainfall infiltration 人工降雨El Nino phenomenon 厄尔尼诺现象La Nina phenomenon 拉尼娜现象forestation 植树造林arid and semi-arid areas 干旱和半干旱地区topsoil 表土层high temperature 高温less rainfall 少雨氧气Oxygen臭氧层Ozone layer大气过程Atmospheric processes空气－水相互作用Air-water interaction大气环流Atmospheric circulation大气降水Atmospheric precipitation碳循环Carbon cycle蒸发作用Evaporation降水增加Precipitation enhancement降雨Rainfall太阳辐射Solar radiation蒸腾作用Transpiration风Winds空气污染Air pollution酸雨Acid rain空气污染物Air pollutants氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物Deposited particulatematter飞灰Fly ash雾Fog薄烟Haze空内空气污染Indoor air pollution烟雾Smog气候问题Climatic issues农业气象学Agrometeorology气候Climate气候变化Climatic change气候带Climatic zones土壤侵蚀Soil erosion土壤改良Soil improvement土壤盐碱化Soil salination水蚀Water erosion干旱地区生态系统Arid land ecosystems干旱土地Arid lands沙漠化Desertification抗旱Drought control旱作Dry farming沙丘固定Sand dune fixation沙丘Sand dunes半干旱地区生态系统Semi-arid land ecosystems森林生态系统Forest ecosystems植树造林Afforestation针叶林Coniferous forests森林砍伐Deforestation森林保护Forest conservation森林火灾Forest fires草地火灾Grass fires绿化带Greenbelts本地森林Indigenous forests再造林Reafforestation植被恢复Revegetation亚热带生态系统Sub-tropical ecosystems温带森林Temperate forests温带林地Temperate woodlands树木Trees热带生态系统Tropical ecosystems热带森林Tropical forests热带森林生态系统Tropical forest ecosystems林地生态系统Woodland ecosystems 温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Temperate ecosystems and cold zoneecosystems南极生态系统Antarctic ecosystems南极地区Antarctic region北极生态系统Arctic ecosystems北极地区Arctic region寒带生态系统Cold zone ecosystems草地生态系统Grassland ecosystems永久冻土生态系统Permafrostecosystems极地生态系统Polar ecosystems温带生态系统Temperate ecosystems山地生态系统Mountain ecosystems高原生态系统Highland ecosystems登山运动Mountaineering湿地生态系统Wetlands ecosystems红树沼泽Mangrove swamps水禽Waterfowl水涝地Waterlogged lands流域管理Watershed management水边开发Waterside development生物多样性和保护区Biological diversityand protected areas适应性强的物种Adaptable species藻类Algae两栖动物Amphibians动物习性Animal behaviour动物资源Animal resources节肢动物Arthropods生物多样性Biological diversity生物资源Biological resources生物圈保护区Biosphere reserves群落生境Biotopes鸟类Birds植物园Botanical gardens基因资源保护Conservation of geneticresources生态平衡Ecological balance濒危动物物种Endangered animalspecies濒危植物物种Endangered plantspecies河口保护区Estuarine conservationareas动物区系Fauna植物区系Flora食物链Food chain捕猎Hunting无脊椎动物Invertebrates陆地哺乳动物Land mammals哺乳动物Mammals海洋保护区Marine conservation areas微生物Microorganisms移栖种Migratory species国家公园National parks国家保护区National reserves寄生生物Parasites愉猎Poaching灵长目Primates保护区Protected areas受保护的物种Protected species爬行动物Reptiles陆地生物资源Terrestrial biologicalresources植被Vegetation杂草Weeds野生生物Wildlife野生生物保护Wildlife conservation野生生物生境Wildlife habitats动物园Zoological gardens细菌Bacteria酶Enzymes真菌Fungi基因库Gene banks种质Germ plasm微生物资源Microbial resources原生生物Protozoa病毒Viruses酵母Yeasts生物技术问题Biotechnological issues 农业生物技术Agricultural biotechnologies生物伦理学Bioethics生物安全Biosafety生物技术Biotechnologies无性繁殖Cloning与健康有关的生物技术Health-related biotechnologies诱变剂Mutagens突变微生物释放Mutated microorganisms release突变体Mutants繁殖控制Reproductive manipulation DNA重组技术Recombinant DNA technology动物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of animals植物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of plants生物技术的社会－经济影响Socio-economic impact of biotechnologies致畸剂Teratogens淡水FRESHWATER淡水资源Freshwater resources谈水保护Conservation of freshwater水坝Dams冰Ice湖泊Lakes自然排水系统Natural drainage systems河流流域开发River basin development 河流Rivers 雪Snow地下水Subterranean water地表水Surface waters水资源保护Water resourcesconservation水资源开发Water resourcesdevelopment淡水生态系统Freshwater ecosystems集水区Catchment areas国际河流流域International river basins湖泊流域Lake basins池塘尾渣Ponds tailings河流流域River basins淡水恶化Freshwater degradation河流污染River pollution径流Run-off沉积物移动Sediment mobilization沉积物运移Sediment transport沉积盆地Sedimentary basins渗漏Seepage凤眼蓝Water hyacinth水污染Water pollution水的盐化Water salination饮用水供应Drinking water supply脱盐Desalination饮用水Drinking water饮用水处理Drinking water treatment城市配水系统Municipal waterdistribution systems农村供水Rural water supply污水处理厂Sewage treatment plants水泵Water pumps水处理Water treatment水井Water wells海洋环境MARINE ENVIRONMENTS海洋生态系统Marine ecosystems藻花Algal bloom海底生态系统Benthic ecosystems海洋污染Marine pollution污染沉积物Marine sediments海洋环境Ocean circulation洋流Ocean currents海洋Oceans海洋温度Ocean temperature赤潮Red tide海平面Sea level潮,潮汐Tides沿海生态系统Coastal ecosystems群岛Archipelagoes沿海地区Coastal areas沿海开发Coastal development沿海环境Coastal environments海岸侵蚀Coastal erosion疏浚Dredging河口生态系统Estuarine ecosystems岛屿生态系统Island ecosystems小岛屿Small islands海洋生物资源Living marine resources水生哺乳动物Aquatic mammals水生微生物Aquatic microorganisms水生植物Aquatic plants珊瑚礁Coral reefs甲壳纲动物Crustaceans鱼类Fish海洋资源保护Marine resourcesconservation软体动物Molluscs水生贝壳类动物Shellfish环境管理ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT资源管理Resources management深海矿藏Deep sea deposits森林管理Forest management森林政府Forest policy资源的地埋分布Geographicdistribution of resources土地价值Land values矿产资源Mineral resources国家保护计划National conservation programmes自然资源Natural resources自然保护Nature conservation不可再生资源Non-renewable resources资源净损耗Net resource depletion矿床Ore deposits石油资源保护Petroleum resources conservation可再生资源Renewable resources资源估价Resource appraisal资源保护Resource conservation海底开发Sea bed exploitation海底采矿Sea bed mining本地资源的利用Utilization of local resources环境规划Environmental planning发展合作Development cooperation发展计划Development planning生态发展Ecodevelopment经济发展Economic development经济计划Economic planning环境核算Environmental accounting环境审计Environmental auditing环境健康影响评价Environmental health impact assessment环境影响Environmental impact环境影响评价Environmental impact assessment环境影响状报告书Environmental impact statement环境指标Environmental indicators环境政策Environmental policy环境风险评估Environmental risk assessment 财政资助Financial assistance土地利用规划Land use planning环境管理指标Environmentalmanagement indicators环境质量指标Environmental qualityindicators试验项目Pilot projects政策规划Policy planning施压集团Pressure groups区域规划Regional planning自助计划Self-help programmes工农业选址Siting of industry社会调查Social surveys发展状况Status of development可持续发展Sustainable development可持续发展指标Sustainabledevelopment indicators技术评价Technology assessment运输计划Transport planning环境经济问题Environmental economicissues环境定价Environmental valuation环境成本Environmental costs外部Externalities重置成本Replacement costs贸易对环境的影响Trade impact onenvironment已定价值的生态系统组成部分Valuedecosystem components经济管理手段Economic managementinstruments成本-效益分析Cost-benefit analysis发展中国家债务Developing countriesdebt环境股票交易Environmental stockexchange政府环境开支Governmentenvironmental expenditures绿色财政手段Green fiscal instruments环境成本内在化Internalisation ofenvironmental costs以绿色标志促销Marketing with greenlabelling资源的定价政策Pricing policies ofresources结构调整计划Structural adjustmentprograms税收差别Tax differentiation可交易的许可证Tradeable permits人类住区HUMAN SETTLEMENTS人类住区管理Human settlementsmanagement建成区Built-up areas经济规划Economic zoning用火安全要求Fire safety requirements历史遗址Historical sites住房改善Housing improvements住房需求Housing needs住房规划Housing programmes住房质量标准Housing qualitystandards工业区Industrial areas非高峰时间工作Off-peak working办公室Offices城区发展模式Patterns of urban growth规划的城区发展Planned urbandevelopment再建房屋Rehousing租赁房屋Rental housing居民区Residential areas建筑安全标准Safety standards forbuildings商店Shops建筑业标准Standards for buildingindustry城区设计Urban design建成结构Built structures桥梁Bridges建筑材料Building materials建筑物Buildings建筑技术Building technology施工技术Construction technology建筑工程Construction works农业建筑Farm buildings政府建筑Government buildings高层建筑High-rise buildings工业建筑Industrial buildings本地建筑材料Local materials for building拖车住房Mobile homes核研究中心Nuclear research centres 装配式房屋Prefabricated buildings结构Structures隔热Thermal insulation基础设施Infrastructure通道Access roads水上娱乐活动Aquatic recreational amenities汽车停放Automobile parking建成的排水系统Built drainage systems 电力分配Electric power distribution公共花园Public gardens公路Highways空地Open spaces管道Pipelines运动场Playgrounds公园Public parks公用事业Public utilities道路建设Road construction道路养护Road maintenance体育设施Sports facilities电信Telecommunications运输系统Transport systems隧道Tunnels 城市供水Urban water supply公共服务Public services人类住区的社会－经济方面Socio-economic aspects of humansettlements生育控制Birth control社区服务Community services社区参与Community participation通勤Commuting消费方式Consumption patterns文化指标Cultural indicators发展模式Development patterns残疾人Disabled persons毒品滥用Drug abuse生态旅游Ecotourism计划生育Family planning性别问题Gender issues无家可归Homelessness住房集资Housing finance人类迁居Human migration人口Human population人权Human rights土地分配Land allotment生活方式Lifestyles低价住房Low-cost housing流动工人Migrant workers少数民族Minorities社区改善计划Neighbourhoodimprovement schemes新社区New communities流浪者Nomads非高峰时间通勤Off-peak commuting公共卫生Public health种族关系Race relations娱乐Recreation农村地区Rural areas环境卫生Sanitation社会指数Social indicators社会-经济因素Socio-economic factors旅游Tourism旅行Travel贫困阶层Under-privileged people城市地区Urban areas城区改造Urban renewal城区压力Urban stress妇女地位Women status人类住区的环境方面Environmentalaspects of human settlements空调Air conditioning尸体处置Disposal of the dead区城供热District heating住房密度Housing density过度拥挤Overcrowding难民Refugees旅游设施Tourist facilities城市衰败Urban decay农业AGRICULTURE农业方式Agricultural practices农业设备Agricultural equipment农业管理Agricultural management农业方法Agricultural methods农业害虫Agricultural pests农业生产Agricultural production农业储藏Agricultural storage动物疾病Animal diseases动物营养Animal nutrition养蜂业Apiculture水产养殖Aquaculture害虫的生物控制Biological control ofpests生物固氮Biological nitrogen fixation堆肥Composts等高耕作Contour farming受控燃烧Controlled burning作物保护Crop protection挽畜Draught animals鱼类养殖Fish culture渔业管理Fisheries management谷物Grains作物虫害传染Infestation of crops粮食虫害传染Infestation of food灌溉Irrigation灌溉渠Irrigation canals灌溉农业Irrigation farming天然肥料Natural fertilizers有机农业Organic farming病虫害控制Pest management杀虫剂标准控制Pesticide control standards植物病害Plant diseases家禽饲养Poultry farming林农轮作Shifting cultivation树木苗圃Tree nurseries滴灌Trickle irrigation农工业Agro-industry畜产品Animal products饮料工业Beverage industry酿造业Brewing industry蒸馏业Distilling industry食品辐照Food irradiation食品保存Food preservation食品贮藏Food storage食品运输Food transport林产品Forest products烟草Tobacco农用化学品Agrochemicals化学肥料Chemical fertilizers杀真菌剂Fungicides除草剂Herbicides杀虫剂的代谢Metabolism of pesticides 硝酸盐Nitrates亚硝酸盐Nitrites亚硝胺Nitrosamines营养物Nutrients 有机磷化物Organophosphorous compounds杀虫剂的持久性Persistence of pesticides杀虫剂路径Pesticide pathways杀虫剂Pesticides磷酸盐Phosphates杀虫剂的毒性Toxicity of pesticides杀虫剂的使用Utilization of pesticides 工业INDUSTRY工业生产过程Industrial processes制铝工业Aluminium industry适用技术Appropriate technology高炉Blast furnaces纤维素Cellulose化学工业Chemical industry清洁技术Clean technologies服装工业Clothing industry乳品业Dairy industry脱盐工厂Desalination plants干洗Dry cleaning炼铁工业Iron industry洗烫衣服Laundering皮革工业Leather industry金属加工Metal finishing。

环境类常用词表A*A/O--anoxic and aerobic oxidation缺氧/好氧氧化*AAS-- atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收光谱abiotic a.非生物的ABS--alkylbenzene sulfonate烷基苯磺酸盐abscissa n.横坐标*absorbance n.吸光度absorbate n.被吸收的物质absorbent n.吸收剂*absorption n.吸收作用accessory n.附属品，附件acclimation n.驯化accumulator n.蓄电池acet- 乙酰，次乙基acetamide n.乙酰胺*acetate n.乙酸盐acetenyl- 乙炔基*acetone n.丙酮*acetylene n.乙炔acidimetry n.酸量滴定法acrylic a.丙烯酸的activated adsorption n.活性吸附activated alumina n.活性氧化铝*activated carbon n.活性炭*activated sludge aeration 活性污泥曝气*activity n.活度acyl n.酰基*additive n.添加剂*adiabatic a.绝热的adsorbent n.吸附剂*adsorption n.吸附作用adsorption bar 吸附等压线adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线adverse a.不利的，有害的;逆的，相反的*adverse current 逆流aer(o)- 空气，气体*aerate v.曝气*aeration n.曝气*aerobic a.好氧的aerogel n.气凝胶aerogenic bacteria n.产气菌*aerosol n.气溶胶affinity n.亲合力*agar n.琼脂*agent n.试剂airborne dust n.飘尘airborne a.飞行空中的，空运的，空降的—al 醛*aldehyde n.醛*algae n.(pl.)海藻，藻类algicide n.杀藻剂，除藻剂* aliphatic a.脂肪的*alkali n.碱，强碱alkalic metal 碱金属*alkane n.烷*alkene n.烯烃alkyl n.烷基alkyl mercury n.烷基汞allyl n.烯丙基alum n.硫酸铝，明矾aluminum sulfate n.硫酸铝*ambient a.周围的，环境的n.环境，环绕空间*amide n.酰胺*amine n.胺*amino- 氨基*ammonia nitrogen n.氨氮ammonia-soda process 氨碱法*ammonium n.铵(NH4+)amphoteric a.两性的amyl- 戊基amylolysis n.淀粉水解amylopectin n.支链淀粉amylose n.直链淀粉*anaerobic a.厌氧的*anaerobic digestion n.厌氧消化*analytic balance n.分析天平-ane 烷（饱和）anhydride n.（酸）酐*aniline n.苯胺*anionic a.阴离子的anisotropic a.各向异性的annular a.环形的，轮形的*anoxic a.缺氧的antifoamer n.防沫剂，消泡剂apparatus n.仪器，装置appurtenance n.附属设备，附件aquatic a.水生的*aquifer n.蓄水层aquo- 水合－argon n.氩*aromatic a.芳香的aryl n.芳香基asbestos n.石棉asphalt n.沥青，柏油assay v./n. 化验，（药物）分析，检定assimilate v.同化*atmospheric boundary 大气边界层atmospheric dispersion model 大气弥散模式*atomizer n.雾化器autoclave n.高压釜*auto-exhaust 机动车排气autopurification n.自净作用* autotrophic a.自养的autotroph n.自养生物axial-flow pump n.轴流泵azeotrope n.共沸混合物，恒沸物azeotropic a.共沸混合物的azide n.叠氮化合物azo- 偶氮基*azo-dye n.偶氮染料azotize v.固氮B*back extraction 反萃取backup n.支持，备用设备backwashing n.反冲洗*baffle n.档板，折流板*bar rack 粗格栅base n.碱，强碱basic carbonate 碱式碳酸盐*batch n.一次的份量，一批beaker n.烧杯*bench-scale a.小型的，小试的，实验室规模的bentonite n.膨润土*benzo- 苯并－*benzoic a.安香息酸的，苯甲酸的benzoxy- 苯甲酸基*benzyl n.苯甲基*benzene n.苯bicarbonate n.酸式碳酸盐binary a.由两部分组成的，二进制的,二元的*bio- 生物的-*bioactivity n.生物活性bioassay n.生物鉴定*biochemical a.生化的*bioconcentration n.生物富集*biodegradable a.生物可降解的bio-disk system 生物转盘*biofilm n.生物膜*biological a.生物学的*biomass n.生物量biooxidation n.生物氧化*bioremediation n.生物法恢复补救biosphere n.生物圈biota n.生物群biotope n.群落生境*biouptake n.生物吸收blank test 空白试验blower n.鼓风机*BOD--biochemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量*boiler n.锅炉breakdown n.细目分类break-point chlorination 折点加氯*brine n.盐水，海水*BTEX--benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,xylene苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯*buffer n.缓冲，挡板*bulking n.膨胀*bulking sludge 污泥膨胀bumper n.缓冲器*buret n.滴定管but- 丁*butane n.丁烷butyl- 丁基by-product n.副产物C*calibrate v.标定，校准*calomel n.甘汞*capillary n.毛细管capsule n.容器；航天舱，密封舱；胶囊caption n.标题，（图片的）说明，解说词carbohydrate n.碳水化合物*carbolic a.（苯）酚的carbon mono(o)xide n.一氧化碳*carbonaceous a.碳的，含碳的*carbonyl n.羰基*carboxyl- 羧基*carboxylic a.羧基的carcinogenic a.致癌的*catalyst n.催化剂*cationic a.阳离子的*caustic a.苛性的cavernous a.多孔的celite n.硅藻土cellular a.细胞的cellulose n.纤维素center take off 中心出水*centrifugal a.离心的centrifuge n.离心机*centripetal a.向心的*chain reaction n.链式反应char n.煤焦charcoal n.木炭chelant n.螯合剂*chlorination n.氯化作用chlorine n.氯，氯气chloro- 氯－chlorobenzene n.氯苯*chlorofluorohydrocarbon n.氯氟烃*chloroform n.氯仿chloroplast n.叶绿体*chromatography n.色谱法，层析cinder n.煤渣，炉渣*cis- 顺－*clarifier n.澄清池，澄清剂claus process n.克劳斯二级脱硫法*CMR--combinative mixed reaction n.完全混和式反应器*coagulation n.凝结coal-tar n.煤焦油coating n.涂敷，涂布cocatalyst n.助催化剂cock n.考克，旋塞*COD--chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量*coefficient n.系数coke n.焦炭cold trap n.冷阱*coliform n.大肠杆菌collaboration n.合作，协作*colloidal a.胶状的*colorimeter n.比色计comminution n.粉碎*common-ion effect n.同离子效应comonomer n.共聚单体compartment n.隔板，间格，部分compatibility n.兼容性，配伍性*competitive adsorption n.竞争吸附complex n.络合物*complexation n.络合作用compleximetric a.络合滴定的composite n.合成物*compost n.堆肥*concentration n.浓度concentration solubility product 浓度溶度积condensation n.冷凝，浓缩*conduit n.导管conjugated acid n.共轭酸*conjugation n.共轭*consecutive reaction n.连串反应conservation n.保存，保护，守恒consistency n.连贯性，粘稠性*console n.控制台，仪表板constant rate pump n.恒流泵*constant temperature bath n.恒温浴*constituent n.成分*contaminant n.污染物*contour n.轮廓线，等值线，周道contractor n.立约人，承包商coprecipitate v.共沉淀correlate v.相关，使相互关联corrode v.腐蚀*corrosion n.腐蚀counter- 逆－countercurrent n.逆流courier n.信使，通信员*covalent a.共价的cracking n.裂解*cresol n.甲酚criteria n.规范，标准*crucible n.坩埚cryogenic a.低温的crystal n.晶体，水晶crystalline a.晶体的*culture n.培养液cure v.硫化，固化cyanide n.氰化物*cyclone n.旋风分离器cylinder n.汽缸Ddata processing 数据处理database n.数据库dec- 癸deca 十decantation n.倾析法*decibel n.分贝deep shaft reactor 深井曝气degenerate n.退化，变性，变质*degrit v.除砂*deplete v.耗尽，弄空*derivative n.衍生物desiccation n.干燥destructive distillation 干馏detention n.停留*detergent n.清洁剂，去垢剂deteriorate v.使恶化，损坏dew n.露*dextrorotatory a.右旋光的di- 二*dialysis n.渗析*diaphragm n.横隔膜diastase n.淀粉酶*diazo- 重氮基diazo salt 重氮盐*dichromate n.重铬酸盐*diesel n.柴油机，内燃机differential potentiometric titration 差示电位滴定*diffraction n.衍射diffraction analysis 衍射分析*diffuser n.扩散器digestion n.消化*diolefin n.二烯烃*dioxins n.二恶英dipole moment 偶极距*direct anodic stripping voltammetry 直接阳极溶出伏安法discrepancy n.误差，偏差discrete a.连续的，离散的*disinfect v.消毒disinfectant n.消毒剂disintegrator n.粉碎机*disposal v.处理，处置dissolved-air flotation 溶气浮选法*distillation n.蒸馏*diurnal a.白天的*DO--dissolved oxygen 溶解氧dosage n.剂量*drainage n.排水，排水设备droplet n.微滴dyes n.染料EE.coli.(escherichia coli) n.埃希氏大肠杆菌ebullating bed 沸腾床ECD--electron capture detector 电子捕获检测器*ecology n.生态学ecosystem n.生态系统*effluent n.出水，流出物*EIA--environmental impact assessment 环境影响评价*electrocapillarity n.电毛细管现象electrolyte n.电解质，电解液electronegativity n.电负性electromicroscope n.电子显微镜*electro-osmosis n.电渗透electroplate n.电镀*eluant n.洗提液empirical a.经验主义的*emulsion n.乳化液，乳浊液encapsulate v.密封endo- 内-*endogenous a.内源的*endrin n.异狄氏剂-ene 烯ennea 九个一组*enthalpy n.焓*entropy n.熵*environmental hormone 环境激素*enzyme n.酶EPA--environmental protection agency 环境保护局*epoxy a.环氧的n.环氧树脂epoxy- 环氧基*equivalent a.等当量的erode v.腐蚀erratic a.不稳定的,不规律的*ester n.酯类-ester 酯esterification n.酯化反应estuary n.河口eth- 乙*ether n.醚-ether 醚ethylene n.乙烯eutection a低共熔体的，易熔的eutrophic a.富营养化的eutrophication n.富营养化evaporation n.蒸发作用*exchange adsorption n.交换吸附excreta n.排泄物*exothermicity n.放热性exponent n.指数*extended aeration 延时曝气*extracellular enzyme 胞外酶*extraction n.萃取extrapolation n.外推法，推断Ffacilities n.设施factoring n.因式分解*facultative a.兼性的ferri- 铁－*ferric a.三价铁的ferrite n.铁素体，铁氧体*ferro- 亚铁－*ferrous a.亚铁的*filamentous n.丝状菌*filtrate n.滤液v.过滤filtration n.过滤flake n.薄片flame spectrophotometry 火焰光度法flap n.活盖，活板*flask n.烧瓶flex n.软管*flocculation n.絮凝*flotation n.气浮，浮选*flowrate n.流量，流速flue-gas desulfurization 烟气脱硫fluffy a.松散的，易碎的fluidized bed 流化床fluoride n.氟化物fluorimetry n.荧光计fluorine n.氟flush v.冲洗，水淹foliage n.植物，树叶*formaldehyde n.甲醛*formalin n.福尔马林*formic a.甲酸的fossil n.化石fractionation n.分馏，分凝free swimming ciliates 游泳型纤毛虫Freon n.氟利昂front-panel n.面板frothing n.起泡*FRP--fiberglass reinforced plastics 玻璃钢fugacity n.逸度full-scale n.实际尺寸a.大规模的fume n.难闻的的气味v.烟熏fungi n.真菌fungicide n.除菌剂G*GAC--granular activated carbon 颗粒活性炭galactose n.半乳糖galvanometer n.检流计*gasifier n.气化器*GC/MS--gas chromatography/mass spectrometry色质联用gel n.冻胶，凝胶generic a.属的，类的geothermal stream 地热流*glucose n.葡萄糖*glycerol n.甘油，丙三醇granular a.颗粒状的granulometry n.粒度分析grating n.光栅，格栅gravel n.砾石gravimetric a.测定重量的*greenhouse effect 温室效应grit n.粗砂，磨料gunite n.水泥砂浆层H*halide n.卤化物*halo- 卤－*halogen n.卤素handbook n.手册，指南*hazardous a.危险的，冒险的*headloss n.水头损失heat capacity at constant pressure 等压热容*heat capacity at constant volume 等容热容helical a.螺旋的helical agitator 螺旋式搅拌器hept- 庚hepta 七herbicide n.除草剂hetero- 杂－*heterogeneity n.不均匀性，异相性*heterotrophic a.异养的hex- 己hexa- 六hinder v.阻止，阻碍hood n.通风橱*hopper n.漏斗hose n.胶管*HPLC--high performance liquid chromatography高压液相色谱*HRT--hydraulic retention time 水力停留时间*humus n.腐殖质*hybridism a.杂化的*hydration n.水合作用*hydraulic a.水力的*hydro- 氢化－*hydrocarbon n.碳氢化合物，烃类hydrochloric acid 盐酸*hydrolysis n.水解*hydrophilic a.亲水的*hydrophobic a.疏水的hydrosol n.水溶胶hydrostatic a.流体静力学的hydroxide n.氢氧化物*hydroxyl- 羟基－hygroscopic a.吸湿性的hyperbola n.双曲线*hypo- 次－*hypochlorite n.次氯酸盐hypothesis n.假设，前提-ic anhydride 酸酐IC--ion chromatography 离子色谱*imhoff a.双层的-imide 酰亚胺*-imine 亚胺immobilize v.使不动，使固定*immobilized enzyme 固定化酶*impeller n.叶轮*in situ n.现场incidence n.发生率*incinerate v.焚烧*incubation n.培养*indicator n.指示剂inert n.惰性inertia n.惯性*influent n.进水*inhalable a.可吸入的*inhibit v.约束，抑制insecticide n.杀虫剂*instrumental analysis 仪器分析intake n.摄入量*intermittent a.间歇式的，周期性的*intracellular enzyme n.胞内酶*intrinsic a.内在的，本质的，固有的*inventory n.（商品.物资等）清单，目录iodine n.碘*ion n.离子*ion exchanger 离子交换剂ionpair n.离子对*IP--inhalable particle 可吸入颗粒物iso- 异－isobutyl- 异丁基*isomer n.同分异构体*isopiestic a.等压的*isopropyl n.异丙基*isotope n.同位素*isotropy n.各向同性iterative method 迭代法Jjack n.起重机，千斤顶，插座K*ketone . n.酮*kinetic a.动力学的L*lactic a.乳酸的lactose n.乳糖*lagoon n.氧化塘*laminar a.层流的*landfill v.填埋LAS--linear alkyl benzene sulfonate 线性烷基苯磺酸盐lathe n.车床lattice n.晶格，点阵，网络结构*leachate n.渗出液，沥出液*lean phase n.贫相levorotatory a.左旋光的lift pipe 提升管*lignin n.木质素*lime n.石灰limestone n.石灰石*liner n.衬里litmus n.石蕊*loading n.负荷logarithmic a.对数的*LPG--liquified petroleum gas 液化石油气lyophilic a.亲液的lysimetric a.溶度的M*manifold n.歧管marsh gas 沼气mass balance 物料衡算*membrane n.膜*mercaptan n.硫醇mercury n.汞meteorological a.气象学的，气象的mesoscale n.中间尺度*meta- 偏－,间位*metabolism n.新陈代谢metallurgical a.冶金学的，冶金术的metasilicate n.硅酸盐metastable a.亚稳态的metathesis n.复分解作用*meth- 甲*methane n.甲烷methodology n.方法学，分类法*methyl- 甲基*microorganism n.微生物microscreening n.超滤*MLSS--mixed liquor suspended solid 混合液中悬浮固体*MLVSS- mixed liquor volatile suspended solid混合液中挥发性悬浮固体moiety n.部分，半个*molality n.(重量) 摩尔浓度molarity n.(体积) 摩尔浓度molecular adsorption 分子吸附moment n.矩mono- 单monome n.单体monophase a.单相的moving-bed reactor 移动床反应器*municipal a.市政的mutagenicity n.诱变性*MW--molecular weight 分子量N*n- 正*naphthalene n.萘，卫生球*napthene n.环烷烃*NDIR--nondispersive infrared method 非分散红外法nebulous a.模糊的neuston n.飘浮生物nitrosation n.亚硝化作用*nitrile n.腈*nitrite n.亚硝酸盐*nitro- 硝基－*nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮nitroso- 亚硝基－*NMHC--non-methane hydrocarbon compounds非甲烷总烃*NMR-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy核磁共振nocturnal a.夜晚的nomenclature n.术语non- 壬*normality n.当量浓度，正态性*nucleophilic a.亲核的O*oct- 辛octa 八octane number 辛烷值odor n.气味off-gas n.废气*off-line a.离线的oil refining 炼油，石油精制*-ol 醇*olephilic a.亲油的*olephobic a.疏油的olfactory a.嗅觉的-one 酮on-line analysis 在线分析*on-site a.在场的，就地的*ORP--oxidation reduction potential 氧化还原电位*ortho- 原－，邻位orthogonal a.直角的，正交的OTE－oxygen transfer efficiency 氧传输效率*OUR－oxygen utlization rates 氧利用效率outfall n.排水口overdraft n.透支，透支额*overflow n./v.溢流oxa- 氧杂－oxalate n.草酸盐oxalic acid 草酸oxidant n.氧化剂oxidase n.氧化酶oxidation n.氧化作用-oxide 氧*oxygen sag curve 氧垂曲线oxygen transfer coefficient 供氧系数-oyl 酰*ozone depletion 臭氧耗竭*ozonization n.臭氧化P*packing n.填料*PAC--powder activated carbon,polyaluminum chloride粉末活性炭，聚合氯化铝paddle n.桨*PAH--polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 多环芳烃PAM--polyacrylamide 聚丙烯酰胺*PAN--peroxy acetyl nitrate 过氧硝酸乙酰酯paper pulp n.纸浆*para- 对－，仲－*paraffin n.烷烃，石蜡particulate n.颗粒物pathogenic a.病原的，致病的*PCB--polychlorinated biphenyl 多氯联苯pent- 戊penta 五*peptide n.肽化合物per- 过－*percolate n.渗透液v.过滤percolation n.渗透perforated plate . 多孔板peristaltic pump 蠕动泵permeate v.渗透*peroxide n.过氧化物*peroxy- 过氧－*pesticide n.农药petroleum ether n.石油醚PFC--polyferric chloride 聚合氯化铁*PFR--plug flow reactor 活塞流反应器pharmaceutical a.制药的，药学的phase change 相变*phenol n.酚类phenolic a.酚的phenolic resin n.酚醛树脂*phenyl n.苯基phosgene n.光气phosphate n.磷酸盐（酯）phosphite n.亚磷酸盐（酯）phosphoric acid 磷酸phosphorus n.磷*photo- 光－*photochemical smog 光化学烟雾photoelectric a.光电的*photolysis n.光解photosensitize v.光敏化*photosynthesis n.光合作用*phreatic pump 潜水泵phthalate n.邻苯二甲酸盐（酯）*physicochemical a.物理化学的*phytoplankton n.浮游植物pigment n.颜料，色素pigmented flagellate n.有色鞭毛虫pilot-scale n.中试*pinene n.松萜,蒎烯pipeline n.管道，线路，管路*piston compressor 活塞压缩机pit n.坑，斗*plankton n.浮游生物*plasma n.等离子体plastifier n.增塑剂plate heat exchanger 板式换热器*plate-and-frame filter press 板框压滤机*plug-flow n.推流，活塞流PM--particulate matter 颗粒物*pneumatic a.气动的，气体的polarography n.极谱法poly- 聚－polyacrylamide n.聚丙烯酰胺polycondensation n.缩聚作用*polycyclic a.多环的polyester n.聚酯polyether n.聚醚polymer n.聚合体*polymeric a.聚合的，聚合物的polyol n.多元醇polysaccharide n.多糖polyurethane n.聚氨酯porcelain n.瓷，瓷器（总称）*porosity n.孔隙性，多孔性porous a.多孔的*potable a.可饮用的，饮用的*potassium n.钾*ppb--part per billion 十亿分之一*ppm-- part per million 百万分之一*ppt--part per trillion 万亿分之一pressurization n.加压*primary a.伯的，一级的prism n.棱镜probalistic a.概率的proceeding n.会刊，科研报告集processing wastewater 工艺废水prop- 丙propeller n.桨propynyl n.丙炔基prototype n.原型，样品*protozoan n.原生动物pseudo- a.伪的*pseudo-first order 伪一级反应pulp n.纸浆*pump head 泵压头*pump lift 泵扬程*PVC--polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯pyrene n.芘pyrx n.硼硅酸玻璃pyridine n.嘧啶*pyrolysis n.热解Q*qualitative a.定性的*quantitative a.定量的*quasi- 准*quaternary a.季的，四元的Rradial n.径向radial flow tank 辐流式沉淀池*radon n.氡*raffinate n.萃余液，残液*rainout n.雨洗*rake n.耙rasching ring n.拉西环rated horsepower 额定功率*RBC--rotating biological contactor 生物转盘*reagent n.试剂*recalcitrant a.难降解的，难对付的，难治理的recess n.凹槽*reciprocating a.往复的cystallization n.重结晶rectify v.精馏*reductase n.还原酶reduction gearbox 减速齿轮箱reflux n.回流*refractory a.难降解的refuse n.垃圾，废物，弃物regeneration n.再生regulatory a.调节的，调整的reluctance n.磁阻，阻抗replica n.复制品，拷贝residual analysis 残差分析*resin n.树脂retention n.保留，停留reversion extraction 反萃取*RFC--reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土rheology n.流变学rheological a.流变的*rim take off 周边出水*rising sludge 污泥上浮*roots blower 罗茨鼓风机rotifers n.轮虫*runoff n.地表径流Ssaccharide n.糖类salicylic a.水杨酸的salicylic acid 水杨酸salinity n.含盐量salting out 盐析，加盐分离saponification n.皂化sarcoidina n.肉足纲saturated a.饱和的SBR--sequential batch reactor 序批式反应器*scour v.冲刷*scraper n.刮泥机*screening n.滤余物，格栅*scrub v.洗涤*scum n.泡沫seal n.密封剂seam v.缝，接缝*secondary a.仲的，二级的*sedimentation n.沉淀*separation n.分离*septic tank 化粪池，厌氧处理槽*settle v.沉降*sewage n.污水，下水道*sewer n.下水道*sewerage n.污水工程，排水工程*shear a.剪切的n.剪力，切力sheath n.外皮，外罩，套，涂料shock load 冲击负荷*sieve n.筛silica gel 硅胶*silt n.淤泥，泥砂，泥浆*sink n.污水坑，洗涤槽，贮水池siphon n.虹吸*skimmer n.撇沫器*slime n.粘泥slit n.窄缝*sludge n.污泥slug n.冲击，强击*slurry n.泥浆，粘泥，淤浆sodium n.钠solubility product 溶度积*soluble a.可溶的solute n.溶质*solvent n.溶剂soot n.烟黑*sorption n.吸着*spare part 备件spatial a.空间的speciation n.形态分析*spectrophotometer n.分光光度计spectrum n.光谱，频谱spent a.剩余的，废液spherical valve 球阀spiral-flow n.螺旋流stalked ciliates 柄纤毛虫standard deviation 标准偏差starch n.淀粉*stearic a.硬脂的stereoisomer n.立体异构体*sterile a.无菌的stoichiometric a.化学当量的strapping pump 计量泵*stratification n.成层作用*stratosphere n.平流层*stripping n.气提strong solution 浓溶液*styrene n.苯乙烯sublimate v.升华*substrate n.基质sulfanilic a.苯磺酸的*sulfate n.硫酸盐*sulfite n.亚硫酸盐*sulfuric a.硫酸的*sulfurous a.亚硫酸的sump n.贮槽，污物贮存器surface aerator 表面曝气器surge tank 平衡池，缓冲罐，中间池suspended a.悬浮的SVI--sludge volume index 污泥体积指数symposium n.专题讨论会，专题论文集*syndet n.合成洗涤剂synthesize v.合成T*tandem n.串联*taper a.渐减的n.锥形，锥度*taper aeration 渐减曝气Telfon n.聚四氟乙烯temporal a.暂时的，时间的teratogenicity n.致畸性*tertiary a.叔的，第三代的，第三的tetra- 四tetrachloride n.四氯化物*thermal a.热的，热敏的*thermal decomposition 热分解thermal resistance 热阻thermistor n.热敏电阻，温度计*thermocouple n.热电偶*thermodynamic a.热力学的thermolysis n.热分解thio- 硫代thiosulfate n.硫代硫酸盐*titanium dioxide 二氧化钛*titration n.滴定TKN 总凯氏氮*TOC--total organic carbon 总有机碳*toluene n.甲苯*toxicity n.毒性transmittance n.透光度transpiration n.蒸腾*treatment n.处理tri- 三*trickling a.滴流的triol n.三元醇*trophicity n.营养度*troposphere n.对流层*trough n.槽turbidimeter n.浊度计*turbidity n.浊度U*UASB--upflow anaerobic sludge bed 上流式厌氧污泥床ultrafiltration n.超滤*ultrasonic a.超声的*ultraviolet n.紫外线*urea n.尿素V*valve n.球形阀valve tray 浮阀塔板variance analysis n.方差分析varnish n.清漆*Venture n.文丘里vinyl- 乙烯基viscometer n.粘度计vitreous a.玻璃状的，透明的*VOC--volatile organic compounds 挥发性有机物*void fraction 空隙率*volatile a.挥发性的volumetric flask 容量瓶*vortex n.漩涡，涡流vulcanize v.硫化W*WAO--wet air oxidation 湿式空气氧化warehouse n.仓库，货栈*washout n.洗脱*watershed n.水域weak acid 弱酸wedge n.楔形weighted average 加权平均值*weir n.堰worm condenser 旋管冷凝器xerogel n.固溶胶*xylene n.二甲苯*xylose n.木糖*yeast n.酵母-yne 炔Z*zeolite n.沸石*zoogloea n.菌胶团*zwiiter-ion n.两性离子。

灾害系列例：El Niño （厄尔尼诺）Hurricane （飓风）Avalanche （雪崩）话题认知词汇fisherman n. 渔夫，渔民current n. 水流，涌流atmospheric adj. 大气的，大气层的anomaly n. 异常，反常El Niño n. “厄尔尼诺”现象drought n. 干旱，旱灾fishery n. 渔业，水产业，渔场rainfall n. 降雨mud slide 泥石流rock slide 岩崩，落石，塌方thunderstorm n. 雷暴，雷雨monsoon n. 季风，季风雨tropical adj. 热带的latitude n. 纬度，范围hurricane n. 飓风cyclone n. 旋风，龙卷风precipitation n. 降水numerical adj. 数字化avalanche n. 雪崩slope n. 斜坡，斜面snowpack n. 积雪场mass n. 块，堆，团volume n. 体积gravity current 重力流seismic adj. 地震的skier n. 滑雪的人snowmobiler n. 参加雪上运动的人icefall n. 冰崩，冰暴glacier n. 冰河，冰川terrain n. 地形，地带dynamic n. 动力，活力solar radiation 太阳辐射humidity n. 湿度water vapour 水汽pole n. （地）极equator n. 赤道thermo- 热ozone-layer n. 臭氧层surfboat n. 冲浪艇salinity n. 盐分，盐度必备词汇：originally adv. 起初，原来refer to 指的是periodically adv. 周期性地，定期地large-scale adj. 大规模的，大范围的irregularly adv. 不定时地，不定期地interannual adj. 年际间的variability n. 变化性，变化无常sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的interaction n. 相互影响，互动shift n. 转移，变化，变迁abnormal adj. 反常的，异常的severe adj. 严重的intensive adj. 密集的，加强的characterise v. 以…为特征，描绘forecast v./n. 预报，预言reliable adj. 可信赖的，真实可信的reverse v. 逆转，颠倒simultaneous adj. 同时发生的，同时contribute to 导致trigger v. 引发，触发exceed v. 超越，超过initiation n. 开始accelerate v. 加速primary adj. 主要的compose v. 组成，构成capacity n. 才能，能力distinct adj. 不同的rare adj. 罕见的，特殊的random 任意的，随机的，胡乱的accumulate v. 积累，堆积objective adj. 客观的hazard n. 危险，危害enormous adj. 巨大的，很多的artificial adj. 人为的，人造的extensive adj. 广大的，广泛的validate v. 确认，证实resemble v. 像deposit v. 放置，存放vertical adj. 垂直的，竖立的generate v. 形成，产生destructive adj. 破坏性的，毁灭性的complicated adj. 复杂的，难懂的，难处理的uncontrollable adj. 无法控制的，不可控的spontaneous adj. 自发的，自然的，天然产生的dramatically adj. 显著地，急剧地，引人注目地dense adj. 密集的，密度大的→density n. predict v. 预言，预告，预测→prediction n. abundant adj. 丰富的，充足的→abundance n.必备词汇：disregard v. 忽视，漠视marine adj. 海洋的food chain 食物链energetic adj. 有力的，精力旺盛的problematic adj. 不确定的，有疑问的melt v. 熔化，溶解optical adj. 视觉的，视力的specific adj. 特种的，具体的hazardous adj. 冒险的，有危险的rate v. 评价，认为proximity n. 接近，邻近unwillingness n. 不情愿，勉强reserve v. 保留，储备exotic adj. 奇异的upcoming adj. 即将到来的catastrophic adj. 灾难的，惨重的reliance n. 依赖adopt v. 采用，采纳impose v. 强加be involved in 参与，卷入inconvenient adj. 不便利的discourage adj. 阻碍，劝阻devise v. 发明，设计，想出inevitable adj. 不可避免的formation n. 形成undermine v. 破坏，削弱abnormal adj. 不正常的undergo v. 经历profound adj. 深厚的，严重的implication n. 后果，含义exceptionally adv. 例外地，特殊地disturbing adj. 令人不安的inhabitant n. 居民emerge v. 出现variation n. 变化harvest n. 收成permanent adj. 永久的malnutrition n. 营养不良thrive v. 兴盛irreversible adj. 不可逆转的alternative adj. 备选的，备用的，替代的overwhelming adj. 势不可挡的，巨大的。

一、环境新词热词1. 生态安葬eco-friendly burials生态友好型安葬（eco-friendly burials），简称eco-burials（生态葬），指人的遗体火化（cremation）后，通过“草坪葬（grassland burial）”、“海葬（sea burial）”、“树葬（tree burial）”等不占地或少占地的方式处理骨灰（cremains），具有环保、节能和成本低等特点。

2. 自产绿色食品100-foot diet自产绿色食品（100-foot diet）,指餐桌上的食物大部分或者全部来自于自家花园产出的作物。

它强调通过在家门口种植食材来减少碳足迹（reduce one's carbon footprint），从种植食材的花园(garden)到餐桌(dinner table)的距离(distance)一般不超过100英尺(within 100 feet)。

3. 垃圾按量收费pay as you throwPay as you throw（垃圾按量收费，缩写为PAYT）制度指每个家庭(household)都要为不可回收垃圾(non-recyclable rubbish)的处理支付费用，而费用的多少则根据垃圾的数量(quantity)和重量(weight)来计算。

在该制度内，可回收垃圾(recycled waste)的处理是免费的，也就是说该制度遵循的是“多循环，少交费(the more you recycle, the less you pay)”原则。

4. 生态补偿机制ecological compensation mechanisms生态补偿机制(ecological compensation mechanisms)，是以保护生态环境(ecology environment)、促进人与自然和谐为目的，根据生态系统服务价值(values of ecological system service)、生态保护成本(the cost of ecology protection)、发展机会成本(the cost of development chance)，综合运用行政和市场手段(administrative means and marketing means)，调整生态环境保护(ecology environment protection)和建设(construction)相关各方之间利益关系的环境经济政策(environmental economy policy)。

常见环境描写词语有哪些描写自然环境的词语1、四季春：春色满园、春暖花开、春光明媚、大地回春、草长莺飞、春意盎然夏：烈日炎炎、骄阳似火、狂风暴雨、大雨倾盆、赤日炎炎、暴风骤雨秋：硕果累累、金桂盛开、秋高气爽、秋风海风、金秋十月、天高云淡冬：冰天雪地、粉妆玉砌、大雪纷飞、银妆素裹、白雪皑皑、冰冻三尺2、山水山清水秀、千山万水、青山绿水、依山傍水、山高林密、山峦起伏、悬崖峭壁、崇山峻岭、湖光山色、碧水蓝天、水平如镜、海天一色、汹涌澎湃、浩浩荡荡、波澜壮阔、惊涛骇浪、水天相接3、日、月、星众星拱月、玉兔东升、月白风清、明月高悬、月光如水、月朗星稀、繁星满天、群星闪光、星光灿烂、日月同辉、皓月当空、斗转星移、4、风、雨、雪和风细雨、狂风暴雨、雨雪可逢雨、风雨交加、电闪雷鸣、大雨滂沱、蒙蒙细雨、大雪纷飞、风和日丽、白雪皑皑、冰天雪地、鹅毛大雪、细雨柔润、毛毛细雨、大雨如注、斜风细雨、风雪交加5、花草树木百花齐放、芳草悠悠、绿树成荫、枝繁叶茂、百花凋零、万紫千红、鸟语花香、姹紫嫣红、花红柳绿、百花争艳、繁花似锦、绿草如茵、郁郁葱葱、古树竹林、万木争荣、花团锦簇【安定团结】：指形势、秩序、生活安稳，民众气氛和睦。

【拔刃张弩】：刃：称有铎刃的兵器；弩：用机械发箭的弓。

取下刀，张开弓。

形容战斗前的紧绷气氛。

【白色恐怖】：白：惨白。

指反动派残酷镇压人民的恐怖气氛。

【杯觥交杂】：觥：酒器；缴：交织。

形容酒宴中相互频频举杯畅饮的热切气氛。

【悲歌击筑】：以之为典，抒写悲壮苍凉的气氛。

【悲歌易水】：抒发凄美壮阔的气氛。

【愁云惨淡】：惨淡：暗淡。

原指阴沉沉的云层遮得天色暗淡无光。

也用以形容使人感到忧愁、压抑的景象或气氛。

【刀光剑影】：隐约显露出刀剑的闪光和影子。

形容环境充满著了凶险的气氛。

【放空气】：比喻有意制造某种气氛或散布某种消息。

【风号雨泣】：风声像怒号，雨声像痛哭。

图形凄美的气氛。

【寒蝉凄切】：寒蝉：冷天里的知了。

天冷时，知了发出凄惨而低沉的声音。

环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类。

环境学总论原生环境primary environment次生环境secondary environment生态示范区ecological demonstrate area环境地质学environmental geology环境地球化学environmental geo-chemistry 环境土壤学environmental soil science环境微生物学environmental microbiology环境危机environmental crisis环境保护environmental protection环境预测environmental forecasting环境自净environmental self—purification环境效应environmental effect环境容量environmental capacity环境演化evolution of environment环境舒适度environmental comfort环境背景值（本底值)environmental background value环境保护产业（环保产业）environmental production industry环境壁垒（绿色壁垒）environmental barrier 绿色革命green revolution可持续发展sustainable development第三类环境问题（社会环境问题）the third environmental problem悬浮物suspended solids一次污染物primary pollutant二次污染物secondary pollutant全球性污染global pollution排污收费pollution charge 可再生资源renewable resources不可再生资源non—renewable resources自然保护区natural reserve area防护林protection forest公害public nuisance矿山公害mining nuisance工业废水industrial wastewater矿山废水mining drainage生活饮用水domestic potable water草原退化grassland degeneration沙漠化desertification人口压力population pressure人口净增率rate of population全球环境监测系统global environment monitoring system GEMS中国环境保护工作方针Chinese policy for environment protection“三同时”原则principle of “the three at the same time”二噁英公害dioxin nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley 多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora伦敦烟雾事件disaster in London水俣病事件minamata disease incident骨痛病事件itai—itai disaster incident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈hydrosphere水循环water circulation地表水surface water水位water level下渗（入渗)sinking蒸发evaporation最高水位highest water level 最低水位lowest water level 平均水位average water level 警戒水位warning water level 流速flow velocity流量discharge洪水期flood season枯水期low-water season冲刷washout 含水层aquifer 隔水层(不透水层）aquiclude 透水层permeable stratum层间水interlayer water承压水（有压层间水)confined water 或自流水artesian water孔隙水void water岩溶水（喀斯特水）karst water径流runoff flow地表径流land runoff地下水groundwater流域保护water basin protection淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation沉淀降水量amount of precipitation降水强度intensity of precipitation水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失（土壤侵蚀）soil and water loss点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散diffusion涡流eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉积物(底质或底泥）benthal deposit总固体total solids悬浮固体suspended solids总溶解固体total dissolved solids河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation 湖泊酸化lake acidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophic lake中营养湖mesotrophic lake贫营养湖oligotrophic lake水库reservoir海洋处置sea disposal海底采样sea floor sample赤潮(红潮）red tide海水淡化desalination of seawater海底沉积物sea bottom sediment海洋倾倒ocean dumping水质water quality水资源综合利用water resource integrated utilization水土保持soil and water conservation 河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollution toxicity水利工程hydro—engineering水体自净self-purification of water body水环境保护功能区（水质功能区)functional district of water environment土地处理系统land treatment system土地沙漠化land desertification土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化）soil salination土壤酸化soil acidification母质(土壤母质或成土母质)parent material土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用buffering/buffer action缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer缓冲容量buffer capacity盐基饱和度base saturation percentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvic acid胡敏素humin土壤团聚体soil aggregate土壤退化（土壤贫瘠化)soil degeneration土壤地带性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层ozone layer降水precipitation降水量rainfall降水强度precipitation intensity大气环境容量atmospheric environmental capacity事后评价afterwards assessment烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust温室效应greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽（烟流或羽流）plume逆温inversion环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmental stress生物多样性bio-diversity生态位niche生命周期life cycle生态型ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增长exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism衍生物derivative杀虫剂insecticide杀菌剂fungicide除草剂herbicide杀鼠剂rodenticide防腐剂preservative无残留农药non-persistent pesticide植物性农药phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site储量stock过度捕获over—hunting；over—fishing猎（渔)期open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom原生污染物primary pollutant次生污染物secondary pollutant急性毒性实验acute toxicity test 慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验screening test；range—finding test；preliminary test稀释dilution归宿fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解biological degradation；biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种sensitive species; intolerant organism 耐污种tolerant species生物滤池biological filter净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜biomembrane；biological film轮作crop rotation间作intercropping套种interplanting基塘模式farm land and fish pond model防护林带shelter belt沼气marsh gas农家肥farm manure堆肥piled manure城市热岛效应urban heat island effect城市生态规划urban ecological planning环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals; endocrine disruptors边缘效应edge effect生态恢复ecological restoration恢复生态学restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury镉米cadmium rice农药残留pesticide residue有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide有机磷农药organophosphorous pesticide 氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide 拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide 植物生长调节剂growth regulator化学致癌物chemical carcinogen表面活性剂surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls；PCBs 多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarbon; PAH 催化(催化作用）catalysis臭氧化ozonization光化学氧化剂photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate;PAN干沉降dry deposition湿沉降wet deposition光化学烟雾photochemical smog大气光化学atmospheric photochemistry降水化学precipitation chemistry气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulates(TSP)飘尘（可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘）airborne particle降尘（落尘）dustfall；falling dust气溶胶aerosol水质water quality盐度salinity氧化还原电位oxidation-reduction potential；redox potential溶解氧dissolved oxygen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand总有机碳total organic carbon溶解度solubility聚集aggregation絮凝flocculation凝聚coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式（氧垂曲线）oxygen balance model吸收剂（吸附剂）absorbent活性炭active carbon氧化剂oxidant还原剂reductant胶团micelle胶体溶液colloidal solution脱硫剂desulfurization agent电渗析electrodialysis萃取剂extracting agent过滤filter絮凝剂flocculant；flocculating agent无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer flocculant 中和法neutralization 反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane硅胶silica gel蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation超滤膜ultrafilter membrane灵敏度sensitivity准确度accuracy精密度precision可靠性reliability检测限detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error偶然误差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance允许误差allowable error允许浓度allowable concentration微量分析microanalysis痕量分析trace analysis现场分析in-situ analysis仪器分析instrumental analysis水质分析water quality analysis比色分析colorimetric analysis沉降分析sedimentation analysis自动分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluorescence spectrometer电化学分析法electrochemical method高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performance liquid chromatograph气相色谱分析gas chromatography气相色谱仪gas chromatograph采样器sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH计pH meter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollution污染负荷pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources无污染工艺pollution-free technology无污染装置pollution-free installation污染物总量控制total amount control of pollution水质参数water quality parameter水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency混浊度turbidity硬度hardness感官污染指标sensuous pollution index毒理学污染指标physical pollution index化学污染指标chemical pollution index细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index 城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水industrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis环境监测environmental monitoring过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge standard 总量排放标准total amount of pollution discharge standard优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant总固体total solids可吸入微粒（可吸入尘和飘尘)inhale particles 浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality control空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性(重现性）reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate检出限detection limit冷原子吸收法cold—vaporatomic absorption method紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量分析gravimetric analysis内标法internal marker method定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitive analysis试样前处理pre—treatment均值mean value标准差standarderror方差variation回归分析regression analysis相关分析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient系统误差systematic error随机误差random error有效数字valid figure农药残留分析pesticide residue analysis排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution水体自净self—purification of water body水土保持soil and water conservation水土流失soil erosion土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射(光)visible radiation 红外线infrared ray紫外线ultraviolet ray灭菌灯bactericidal lamp 光污染light pollution噪声污染noise pollution 混响reverberation听力损失hearing loss绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露点温度dew point temperature热辐射thermal radiation比热specific heat空气调节air conditioning通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated prevention and control of pollution环境功能区划environmental function zoning 稀释比dilution ratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulent diffusion氧亏（亏氧量)oxygen deficit复氧reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxygen sag curve 饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved无污染燃料pollution—free fuel燃烧combustion空气－燃料比air—to-fuel ratio烟气分析analysis of flue gas煤的综合利用comprehensive utilization of coal 脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particle collection efficiency分割粒径cut diameter for particles压力损失（压力降）pressure drop机械除尘器mechanical collector重力沉降室gravity settling chamber惯性除尘器inertial dust separator旋风除尘器cyclone collector回流式旋风除尘器reverse—flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器straight—through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media气布比air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning静电除尘electrostatic precipitator (ESP）电晕放电corona discharge驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distance between collecting electrodes 电极清灰removal of collected particle from electrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitator高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse charging electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 双区静电除尘器（两段式电除尘器）two-stage electrostatic precipitator湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber 旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器］cyclone spray scrubber 泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber文丘里洗涤器venturi scrubber双膜理论two—film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst 烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD)湿法脱硫wet process of FGD石灰－石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limestone氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD干法脱硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by absorption水吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with water酸吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with acid碱吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by adsorption分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with molecular sieve硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with silica gel气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of odor集气罩capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emission清洁生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水（污水）处理构筑物water （sewage）treatment structure污水集水井swage joining well废水调节池wastewater flow equalization basin格栅grill筛网grid screen沉砂池grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flow grit settling tank重力排砂grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank 浓缩式沉淀池thickening settling tank斜板（斜管）沉淀池sloping plank（pipe）settling tank辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier 脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculating tank机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculating tank 颗粒自由沉降particle free sediment 絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation 拥挤沉降hinderedsedimentation气浮池floatation basin加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved—airfloatation微电解法micro electroanalysis过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process 压力过滤法pressure filtration process 真空过滤法vacuum filtration process 快滤池rapid filtration慢滤池slow filtration接触滤池contact filter双向滤池bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池double layer filter无阀滤池non-valve filter虹吸滤池siphonfilter压力滤池pressure filterV型滤池aquazur V-filter砂滤sand filtration 微滤机microstrainer滤池冲洗强度backwashing intensity of filter 滤层filter material layer滤料承托层holding layer for filter material 斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank冷却塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process反应池reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer膜分离法membrane separation method半渗透膜semi—permeable membrane电渗析electrodialysis反渗透reverse osmosis离子交换膜ion exchange membrane萃取extraction汽提stripping吹脱法blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation软化水处理softening water treatment石灰－纯碱软化法lime—sodium carbonate softening method 废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process回流污泥return sludge剩余污泥surplus sludge初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容积指数sludge velum index污泥负荷volume loading 普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法extended aeration method加速曝气法accelerant aeration method深井曝气法deep well aeration method纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method鼓风曝气装置blast aerator 扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator射流曝气设备efflux aerator机械曝气装置mechanical aerator表面曝气装置surface aerator曝气时间aeration time污泥龄sludge age活性污泥培养activated sludge culture活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨胀sludge bulking生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high—loading biological filter水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池tower biological filer生物转盘biological rotating disc生物流化床biological fluidized bed活性生物滤池activated biofilter化粪池septic tank污水硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by denitrification污水硝化—反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification 土地处理系统land treatment system氧化塘oxidation pond好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT—IAT工艺demand aeration tankintermittent aeration tank system(需氧池－间歇池）A1/O工艺anoxic/ oxicA2/O工艺anaerobic oxicPhostrip工艺phostriop processBardenpho工艺Bardenpho process Phoredox工艺Phoredox processUCT工艺university of capetownVIP工艺Virginia initiative plant厌氧生物滤池(AF）anaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contactprocess厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor氧化沟oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludge blanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor消毒disinfection灭菌sterilization加氯机chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder 紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays 加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine液氯liquified chlorine gas需氯量chlorine demand余氯chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual化合性余氯combined chlorine residual折点加氯chlorination breakpoint过氧化氢消毒disinfection by hydrogen peroxide除味taste removal除臭odor removal脱色decoloration生污泥undigested sludge熟污泥digested sludge污泥处置disposal of sludge污泥综合利用comprehensive utilization of sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥消化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干化sludge drying污泥焚烧sludge incineration真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter 板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate frame press filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press 带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge 中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatment高温消化处理high temperature digestive treatment污泥堆肥发酵处理sludge composting and fermentation污泥浓缩池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tank污泥产气率gas production rate of sludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sanitary landfilling of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾焚烧法incineration of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾收集collection of municipal solid wastes垃圾收费refuse taxing废电池used battery有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial wastes医疗废物health care wastes堆肥composting填埋场landfill渗滤液leachate treatment焚烧炉incineration furnaces助燃空气系统air injection system余热利用heat utilization焚烧灰渣ash水泥固化技术cement solidification石灰固化lime solidification沥青固化技术asphalt solidification固体废物预处理preliminary treatment of solid wastes破碎crushing of solid wastes筛分screening of solid wastes风力分选wind separation放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste声级计sound level meter消声室anechoic room; anechoic chamber；dead room混响室reverberation room隔声sound insulation吸声muffler环境医学环境卫生学environmental hygiene 环境毒理学environmental toxicology 口蹄疫foot-and—mouth disease流行病学epidemiology地方病endemic disease氟斑牙dental fluorosis职业病occupational disease慢性毒性chronic toxicity急性毒性acute toxicity致癌物carcinogen变异variation病原体pathogen抗体antibody抗原antigen突变mutation病毒virus蓄积器官storage organ致突变作用mutagenesis致畸作用teratogenesis致癌作用carcinogensis摄入量intake dose吸收量absorbed dose卫生标准health standard最高容许浓度maximum permissibleconcentration致死量lethal dose半致死浓度median lethalconcentration(LD50）剂量－反应关系dose-response relationship恶臭offensive odor协同作用synergism拮抗作用antagonism因果关系cause—effect relationship相关关系correlation阈限值threshold limit value（TLV）高危人群population at high risk易感人群susceptible population环境管理学环境管理学environmental management science环境伦理学environmental ethics环境质量管理management of environmental quality环境适宜度environmental suitability环境区划environmental zoning环境预测environmental forecasting环境质量评价environmental quality evaluation环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境规划environmental planning环境决策分析environmental decision analysis 总量控制total discharge control of pollutant 浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registration of pollutant discharge排污许可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察environmental supervision and management环境宣传教育environmental propaganda and education 环境意识environmental consciousness环境质量报告书report on environmental quality环境影响评价报告书report on environmental impact assessment公众意见听证会public hearing循环经济cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principle of giving priority to pollution prevention，combining prevention and control, and integrated control全面现划、合理布局原则principle of overall planning and rational layout谁污染谁治理polluter-treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle of comprehensive utilization and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinated development国家环境保护模范城市national environmental protection model city全国生态示范区national ecological demonstration area环境信息environmental information环境管理信息系统information system for environmental management环境专家系统environmental expert system环境监测environment monitoring 环境标志environmental label清洁生产cleaner production环境审计environmental audit产品生命周期life cycle of product环境法学环境法学science of environmental law环境保护法environmental protection law公害法public nuisance law环境行政法规administrative regulations of environment环境部门规章departmental rules of environment污染物排放标准pollutant discharge standard “三同时”制度three simultaneity system排污审报登记制度declaration and registration system of pollution discharge排污许可证制度permit system of pollutant discharge排污收费制度system of effluent限期治理制度system of eliminating and controlling environmental pollution within a prescribed time现场检查制度system of on-site inspection环境污染事故报告制度system of environmental pollution accident reporting 《中华人民共和国环境保护法》Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of water pollution《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》law of the People's Republic of China on prevention and control of atmospheric pollution《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of pollution from environmental noise《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》marine environment protection law of the People’s Republic of China《全国生态环境建设规划》national eco-environmental construction plan《全国生态环境保护纲要》national compendium on eco-environmental protection 地表水环境质量标准environmental quality standard for surface water地下水质量标准quality standard for ground water农业灌溉水质标准standard for irrigation water quality污水综合排放标准integrated wastewater discharge standard大气污染物综合排放标准integrated emission standard of air pollutants环境经济学循环经济模式circular economy type牧童经济the shepherd economy3R原则the rules of 3R(reducing, reusing, recycling)生态经济学eco-economics共有资源common resources外部经济性external economics外部不经济性external diseconomics外部成本external cost边际效用marginal utility边际收益marginal benefit粗放经营extensive management集约经营intensive management自然资本natural capital公平equity代际补偿compensation between generations绿色国民帐户green national account可持续发展sustainable development公共物品public goods环境保护贸易政策trade policy for environmental protection绿色壁垒green tariff barrier11国民生产总值gross national production(GNP) 国民生产净值net national production（NNP）国民收入national income环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution elasticity回收率reuse rate物质平衡material balance物料衡算material balance counting影子价格shadow price现行价格present price贴现discount机会成本opportunity cost运行费用operation cost城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas 城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratio环境效益environmental benefit成本效益分析cost and benefit analysis环境费用environmental cost排污权交易marketable pollution permits生态足迹the ecological footprint环境税environmental tax资源资产assets of resource资源产权property right of resource最低安全标准minimum standard of security 代际公平equality between generation 末端控制terminal control公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture中间产品intermediate product最终产品final product直接污染物产生/排放系数direct pollutant generation/discharge coefficient累积污染物产生/排放系数cumulate pollutant generation/discharge coefficient排污收费charge from discharge pollutant污染者负担原则polluter pay principle资源税resource tax人口出生率population birth rate人口死亡率population mortality rate人口自然增长率population nature growth rate人口计划生育率population planning fertility rate平均寿命average life人口年龄金字塔population age pyramid人口老化population aging人口过剩over-population人口爆炸population explosion计划生育family planning人口统计population statistics人口普查population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式multi-disciplinary model of environmental education 跨学科环境教育模式inter—disciplinary model of environmental education中学环境教育大纲environmental education standard for secondary school环境教育活动的设计design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参与public participation环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmental educators initiative of china12。

环境与气候变化词汇环境和气候变化是当今全球所面临的重大挑战和关注的问题。

为了更好地了解和探讨这一话题，本文将介绍一些与环境和气候变化相关的词汇。

这些词汇可以帮助人们更好地理解和描述环境和气候变化的现象和影响。

一、气候变化1. 温室效应（Greenhouse Effect）：指地球大气中由温室气体引起的热量聚集现象，导致地表温度上升的自然现象。

2. 全球变暖（Global Warming）：指地球大气和海洋中的温度持续上升的趋势，导致冰川融化、海平面上升等现象。

3. 温度异常（Temperature Anomaly）：指某一地区或全球平均温度与长期平均温度相比的偏差。

4. 极端天气事件（Extreme Weather Events）：指在一定时期内出现的异常、罕见或极端的天气现象，如暴雨、干旱、飓风等。

二、环境污染1. 大气污染（Air Pollution）：指空气中存在过多有害物质，如二氧化硫、氮氧化物等，导致空气质量下降的现象。

2. 水污染（Water Pollution）：指水体中存在污染物质，如工业废水、农业农药等，对水生生物和人类健康造成威胁的现象。

3. 土地退化（Land Degradation）：指土地受到自然和人为因素影响而丧失原有的生产力和生态功能的现象。

4. 生态破坏（Ecological Damage）：指人类活动对生态系统造成的负面影响，如森林砍伐、物种灭绝等现象。

三、可持续发展1. 可再生能源（Renewable Energy）：指能够持续获取并利用的能源，如太阳能、风能等，对减少对化石燃料的依赖具有重要意义。

2. 节能减排（Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction）：指通过节约能源、降低废气排放等措施来减少对环境的负面影响。

3. 低碳经济（Low-carbon Economy）：指以减少二氧化碳等温室气体排放为目标的经济发展方式。

与环境保护有关的词汇environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染的环保英语词汇：Pollute= contaminate, 污染(动词)pollutant 污染物Pollution=contamination 污染(名词)垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill垃圾场) dump倾倒，recycle 回收plastic bags塑料袋, drinking cans饮料罐biodegradable packaging 可降解包装throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料的环保英语词汇：non-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源replace=substitute v.取代(wind power, hydropower水电solar (lunar) power太阳能nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约consume less v. 少消耗危害动物的环保英语词汇：poaching非法打猎，盗猎damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地rare breed稀有物种endangered species濒危物种extinct adj.灭绝 (die out, disappear动词) animal rights activist动物权益保护者natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区protect wild life保护野生动物disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏have disastrous effect on…对……有灾难性的影响危害植物的环保英语词汇：vegetation植被deforestation森林消失landslide山体滑坡危害环境的环保英语词汇：carbon dioxide二氧化碳acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀)greenhouse effect温室效应 (worsening, deteriorate, deterioration 恶化)global warming全球变暖ecological system=ecosystem生态系统green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴, (filter v. 过滤)arouse people's awareness/consciousness of environmental protection 提高公众的环保意识全球环保类热门话题英语词汇：21世纪议程：Agenda 21世界环境日（6月5日）：World Environment Day (June 5th each year)世界环境日主题：World Environment Day Themes冰川消融，后果堪忧！（2007年）Melting Ice–a Hot Topic!莫使旱地变荒漠！（2006年）Deserts and Desertification–Don't Desert Drylands!营造绿色城市，呵护地球家园！（2005年）Green Cities –Plan for the Planet! 海洋存亡，匹夫有责！（2004年）Wanted! Seas and Oceans –Dead or Alive! 水——二十亿人生命之所系！（2003年）Water - Two Billion People are Dying for It!让地球充满生机！（2002年）Give Earth a Chance!世间万物，生命之网！（2001年）Connect with the World Wide Web of life! 环境千年-行动起来吧！（2000年）The Environment Millennium - Time to Act! 拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999年）Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It! 为了地球上的生命-拯救我们的海洋！（1998年) For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas!为了地球上的生命！（1997）For Life on Earth我们的地球、居住地、家园：（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home国际生物多样性日（12月29日）：International Biodiversity Day (29 December) 世界水日（3月22日）：World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日（3月23日）：World Meteorological Day (23 March)世界海洋日（6月8日）：World Oceans Day (8 June)植树节（3月12日）：Arbor Day (12 March)环保问题拯救措施及污染治理相关英语口译词汇：中国环保基本政策：the basic policies of China's environmental protection 预防为主、防治结合的政策：policy of of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control治理环境污染：curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control防止过度利用森林：protest forests from overexploitation水土保持：conservation of water and soil水资源保护区：water resource conservation zone造林工程：afforestation project珍稀濒危物种繁育基地：rare and endangered species breeding center绿化祖国：turn the country green全民义务植树日：National Tree-Planting Day森林覆盖率：forest coverage降低资源消耗率：slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源：develop renewable resources环保产品：environment-friendly products节能 energy saving多种树:plant more trees节约用水:save on water保护环境：protect the environment减少污染：reduce pollution垃圾：rubbish白色污染：white pollution二氧化碳：carbon dioxide臭氧层：ozonosphere臭氧层空洞：ozone hole21世纪议程 Agenda 21 （the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西里约）, - provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）世界环境日 World Environment Day (June 5th each year)世界环境日主题 World Environment Day Themes环境千年-行动起来吧！（2000） The Environment Millennium - Time to Act！拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999） Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It! 为了地球上的生命-拯救我们的海洋!（1998）For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas! 为了地球上的生命（1997） For Life on Earth我们的地球、居住地、家园（1996） Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home国际生物多样性日 International Biodiversity Day (29 December)世界水日 World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日 World Oceans Day (8 June )联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会） United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)环发大会首脑会议 Summit Session of UNCED联合国环境规划署 United Nations Environment Programs （UNEP）2000年全球环境展望报告 GEO-2000; Global Environmental Outlook 2000入选“全球500佳奖” be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor 联合国人类居住中心 UN Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS)改善人类居住环境最佳例奖 Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement人与生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme (UNESCO)中国21世纪议程China’s Agenda 21中国生物多样性保护行动计划 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan中国跨世纪绿色工程规划 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan国家环境保护总局 State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) 中国环保基本方针China’s guiding principles for environmental protection坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection推行可持续发展战略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展（三同步）的方针 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection (the “three synchronizes” principle)促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变 promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一 bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection中国环保基本政策the basic policies of China’s environmental protection 预防为主、防治结合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control污染者负担的政策“the-polluters-pay” policy强化环境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management一控双达标政策policy of “One Order, Two Goals”:对新项目实行环境影响评估 conduct environmental impact assessments (EIA) onstart-up projects提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public查处违反环保法规案件 investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection环保执法检查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time中国已加入的国际公约 international conventions into which China has accessed控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal 关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer生物多样性公约 Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat Desertification气候变化框架公约 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 生态示区 eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region国家级生态示区（） Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region国家级园林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City对水质和空气质量的影响 impact on the quality of the water and the air 治理环境污染 curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control白色污染 white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags垃圾填埋场 refuse landfill垃圾焚化厂 refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation水土流失 water and soil erosion土壤盐碱化 soil alkalization农药残留 pesticide residue水土保持 conservation of water and soil生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture水资源保护区 water resource conservation zone海水淡化 sea water desalinization绿化祖国 turn the country green全民义务植树日 National Tree-Planting Day造林工程 afforestation project绿化面积 afforested areas; greening space森林覆盖率 forest coverage防风林 wind breaks （防沙林 sand breaks）速生林 fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源 develop renewable resources环保产品 environment-friendly products自然保护区 nature reserve野生动植物 wild fauna and flora保护生存环境 conserve natural habitats濒危野生动物 endangered wildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center自然生态系统 natural ecosystems防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙） desertification环境负荷 carrying capacity of environment三废综合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes先天与后天，遗传与环境 nature-nurture环境恶化 environmental degradation城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization温饱型农业 subsistence agriculture酸雨、越境空气污染 acid rain and transboundary air pollution悬浮颗粒物 suspended particles矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气） fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清洁能源 clean energy汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust尾气净化器 exhaust purifier无铅汽油 lead-free gasoline天然气汽车 gas-fueled vehicles电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles; battery cars温室效应 greenhouse effect联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会） United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)环发大会首脑会议 Summit Session of UNCED联合国环境规划署 United Nations Environment Programs （UNEP）国际生物多样性日 International Biodiversity Day (29 December)世界水日 World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日 World Oceans Day (8 June )人与生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme (UNESCO)中国21世纪议程 China's Agenda 21中国生物多样性保护行动计划 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan 中国跨世纪绿色工程规划 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan生物多样性公约 Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat Desertification气候变化框架公约 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change国家环境保护总局 State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA)坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection污染者负担的政策 "the-polluters-pay" policy强化环境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management环保执法检查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time生态示区 eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region国家级生态示区（） Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region国家级园林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City工业固体废物 industrial solid wastes白色污染 white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags放射性废料积存 accumulation of radioactive waste有机污染物 organic pollutants三废综合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes（waste water, waste gas, solid waste）城市垃圾无害化处理率 decontamination rate of urban refuse垃圾填埋场 refuse landfill垃圾焚化厂 refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation森林砍伐率 deforestation rate水土流失 water and soil erosion土壤盐碱化 soil alkalization生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture水资源保护区 water resource conservation zone海水淡化 sea water desalinization造林工程 afforestation project绿化面积 afforested areas; greening space森林覆盖率 forest coverage防风林 wind breaks防沙林 sand breaks速生林 fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源 develop renewable resources环保产品 environment-friendly products自然保护区 nature reserve野生动植物 wild fauna and flora保护生存环境 conserve natural habitats濒危野生动物 endangered wildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center美化环境 landscaping design for environmental purposes环境恶化 environmental degradation温饱型农业 subsistence agriculture空气污染浓度 air pollution concentration酸雨、越境空气污染 acid rain and transboundary air pollution工业粉尘排放 industrial dust discharge烟尘排放 soot emissions矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气） fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas清洁能源 clean energy汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust尾气净化器 exhaust purifier无铅汽油 lead-free gasoline天然气汽车 gas-fueled vehicles电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles; battery cars小排量汽车 small-displacement (engine) vehicles温室效应 greenhouse effect工业废水处理率 treatment rate of industrial effluents城市污水处理率 treatment rate of domestic sewage 集中处理厂 centralized treatment plant。

准确表达环境英语词汇大全本文是一份环境英语词汇大全，旨在帮助读者准确表达与环境相关的英语词汇。

以下是一些常用的环境英语词汇及其定义。

1. Environment - 环境环境是指生物和非生物要素共同构成的自然和人工的外部条件，对生物体生存和发展产生影响。

环境包括大气、水、土壤、植被和人类社会等要素。

2. Pollution - 污染污染是指环境中毒物、有害物质或能量的引入，超出环境自身承受能力所造成的对环境质量的破坏。

污染可以分为大气污染、水污染、土壤污染及噪声污染等。

3. Climate change - 气候变化气候变化是指由人类活动和自然因素引起的气候系统变化。

气候变化包括全球变暖、海平面上升等现象。

4. Renewable energy - 可再生能源可再生能源是指来源于自然界能源循环过程中不断再生的能源，如太阳能、风能、水能等。

与化石燃料相比，可再生能源对环境影响较小。

5. Conservation - 保护保护是指保护和维护自然资源、生态环境和人类文化遗产等。

保护包括保护物种多样性、生态系统完整性以及可持续利用自然资源等方面。

6. Sustainable development - 可持续发展可持续发展是指在满足当前世代需求的同时，不损害后代满足其需求的能力。

可持续发展关注经济、社会和环境的协调发展。

7. Biodiversity - 生物多样性生物多样性是指地球上存在的生物种类的丰富性和它们之间的相互关系。

保护生物多样性对于维持生态平衡和生态系统功能至关重要。

8. Deforestation - 森林砍伐森林砍伐是指为了获得木材、农业用地或其他经济目的而砍伐森林。

森林砍伐对生物多样性的保护和碳排放有着重要影响。

9. Recycle - 回收利用回收利用是指将废弃物重新加工利用，以减少对自然资源的开采和环境的污染。

回收利用包括纸张、塑料、金属等废弃物的再利用。

10. Environmental impact - 环境影响环境影响是指人类活动对环境所造成的变化。

Word list:水污染传播spread; transmission珠江the Pearl River地表水surface water防治control合理利用rational utilization节水技术water saving technology旱灾和水灾佳佳mountain flood 山洪mudflow 泥石流be prone to 容易易于severities, 严重等级flood prevention and drought relief 防汛抗旱flood control and drought relief 防汛抗旱integrating 整合capacity building.能力建设Institutional framework 体制框架commanding system 指挥系统river basin 河流域institutional capacity 机构能力大气污染污染物pollutant工业废气industrial waste gas汽车尾气automobile exhaust悬浮物。

Particulate Matter PM可吸入悬浮粒子respirable suspended particulates直径diameter微米micron颗粒Particle空气污染指数API，Air Pollution Index相对湿度relative humidity (RH)Beyond Index指数以外浓度concentration土地沙漠化Desertification 荒漠化runoff 径流Curbed 限制，约束vegetation 植被drastically 彻底的，激烈的Gobi Desert 戈壁沙漠Flooded 淹没的，浸透的Overgrazing 过渡放牧Initiate 开始，发起Encroaching 渐渐渗入的green belt (城市)绿化带phase 相，阶段hold back 抑制，制约arid 干旱的Land degradation 土地退化“Green Wall of China” 三北防护林三峡库区环境问题流速 flow rate水华water bloom工业固体废物（industrial solid wastes）年产量 annual output危险废物hazardous wastes浸泡 soak生活污水(domestic sewage)生态失衡Ecological unbalance国家一级保护动物first class national protected animals 生态结构Ecological structure生存环境living environment水土流失water loss and soil erosion生态建设（ecological construction）治理工程treatment project自然保护区Nature Reserve持久性污染物Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 持久性有机污染物synthetic organic compounds合成的有机化学物resistant to environmental degradation耐环境降解degrade使。

可用来描写环境的词语描写自然环境的词语1、四季春：春色满园、春暖花开、春光明媚、大地回春、草长莺飞、春意盎然夏：烈日炎炎、骄阳似火、狂风暴雨、大雨倾盆、赤日炎炎、暴风骤雨秋：硕果累累、金桂盛开、秋高气爽、秋风海风、金秋十月、天高云淡冬：冰天雪地、粉妆玉砌、大雪纷飞、银妆素裹、白雪皑皑、冰冻三尺2、山水山清水秀、千山万水、青山绿水、依山傍水、山高林密、山峦起伏、悬崖峭壁、崇山峻岭、湖光山色、碧水蓝天、水平如镜、海天一色、汹涌澎湃、浩浩荡荡、波澜壮阔、惊涛骇浪、水天相接3、日、月、星众星拱月、玉兔东升、月白风清、明月高悬、月光如水、月朗星稀、繁星满天、群星闪光、星光灿烂、日月同辉、皓月当空、斗转星移、4、风、雨、雪和风细雨、狂风暴雨、雨雪可逢雨、风雨交加、电闪雷鸣、大雨滂沱、蒙蒙细雨、大雪纷飞、风和日丽、白雪皑皑、冰天雪地、鹅毛大雪、细雨柔润、毛毛细雨、大雨如注、斜风细雨、风雪交加5、花草树木百花齐放、芳草悠悠、绿树成荫、枝繁叶茂、百花凋零、万紫千红、鸟语花香、姹紫嫣红、花红柳绿、百花争艳、繁花似锦、绿草如茵、郁郁葱葱、古树竹林、万木争荣、花团锦簇万紫千红天昏地暗五彩缤纷五颜六色风平浪静风吹雨打风雨交加风和日丽气象万千鸟语花香花团锦簇花红柳绿花枝招展苍翠欲滴汪洋大海含苑欲放沃野千里汹涌澎湃彤云密布穷乡僻壤描绘自然环境的：一泻千里一望无际千山万水千岩万壑山明水秀山重水复山高水长大雨滂沱万紫千红天昏地暗五彩缤纷五颜六色风平浪静风吹雨打风雨交加风和日丽气象万千鸟语花香花团锦簇花红柳绿花枝招展苍翠欲滴汪洋大海含苑欲放沃野千里汹涌澎湃彤云密布穷乡僻壤层峦叠嶂春光明媚春华秋实春和景明春寒料峭春暖花开春意盎然春意阑珊荆棘丛生草长莺飞荒无人烟柳暗花明姹紫嫣红莺歌燕舞晓风残月倾盆大雨倒海翻江烟波浩渺凄风苦雨浩如烟海浩浩荡荡海阔天空浮云蔽日浮光掠影清风明月落英缤纷落花流水晴空万里湖光山色渺无人烟雷电交加数九寒天遮天蔽日漫无边际滴水成冰繁花似锦暴风骤雨山明水秀鸟语花香春光明媚百花争妍湖光山色山光水色绿树成阴万紫千红峰峦叠嶂奇峰突起山清水秀碧江盈盈海天一色湖畔垂柳碧水青山水天一色、郁郁葱葱、青山绿水、山青水秀、湖光山色、江山如画、春暖花开、春雨绵绵、桃红李白、百花争艳、春光明媚、桃红柳绿、蜂飞蝶舞、春意盎然、万紫千红、万物衰退、含苞欲放、花枝招展、五彩斑斓、桃红柳绿傍花随柳草长莺飞吹箫乞食春风风人春风和气春光明媚春寒料峭春暖花开春色撩人鹅毛大雪春和景明春花秋月春华秋实春晖寸草如登春台秋月春花秋月春风皮里春秋暮云春树满园春色丽藻春葩口角春风虎尾春冰寒木春华大地回春春雨如油春蚓秋蛇春意阑珊齿牙春色春蛙秋蝉春诵夏弦春生夏长春深似海春山如笑春笋怒发春色满园春树暮云春色撩人春葩丽藻春暖花开春露秋霜春花秋月春和景明春风沂水春晖寸草唇色满园春山如笑春深似海春生秋杀春生夏长秋收冬藏春笋怒发春蛙秋蝉春意盎然春意阑珊环境：周围的一切事物。

abroad 海外judge 裁判alternative energy 新能源environment环境waterfall瀑布cabin/cottage 小木屋aerosols 气溶胶/ 气雾剂agricultural wastes 农业废物asbestos 石棉commercial noise 商业噪音composite pollution 混合污染dioxins 二恶英hazardous substances 危险物质hazardous wastes 危险废物heavy metals 重金属hospital wastes 医院废物industrial effluents 工业废水industrial emissions 工业排放物industrial fumes工业烟尘industrial noise工业噪声inorganic pollutants 无机污染物lead contamination 铅污染liquid wastes 液体废物litter 丢弃物/ 废气物mercury contamination 汞污染mining wastes 采矿废物motor vehicle emissions 机动车辆排放物municipal waste 城市废物nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物noise pollution 噪声污染organic pollutants 有机物污染persistent organic pollutants 难降解有机污染物pharmaceutical wastes 医药废物radioactive substances 放射性物质rubber waste橡胶废物sewage污水solid wastes固体废物thermal pollution 热污染toxic substances 有毒物质toxic waste 有毒废物toxins 毒素traffic noise 交通噪音trash 废物/ 垃圾wood waste 木材废料Forest ecosystems森林生态系统Coniferous forests针叶林Deforestation森林砍伐Forest conservation森林保护Forest fires森林火灾Grass fires草地火灾Greenbelts绿化带Indigenous forests本地森林Sub-tropical ecosystem亚热带生态系统Temperate woodlands温带林地Trees树木Tropical ecosystems热带生态系统Tropical forests热带森林Tropical forest ecosystems热带森林生态系统Woodland ecosystems林地生态系统Temperate ecosystems and cold zone ecosystems温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Antarctic ecosystems南极生态系统Antarctic region南极地区Arctic ecosystems北极生态系统Arctic region北极地区Cold zone ecosystems寒带生态系统Grassland ecosystems草地生态系统Permafrost ecosystems永久冻土生态系统Polar ecosystems极地生态系统Temperate ecosystems温带生态系统Mountain ecosystems山地生态系统Highland ecosystems高原生态系统Mountaineering登山运动Wetlands ecosystems湿地生态系统Mangrove swamps 红树沼泽Waterfowl水禽Waterlogged lands水涝地Watershed management流域管理Waterside development水边开发Botanical gardens植物园Biological diversity and protected areas生物多样性和保护区Freshwater淡水Freshwater resources淡水资源Conservation of freshwater谈水保护Dams水坝Ice冰Lakes湖泊River basin development河流流域开发Rivers河流Snow雪Subterranean water地下水Surface waters地表水Water resources conservation水资源保护Water resources development水资源开发Freshwater ecosystems淡水生态系统Catchment areas集水区International river basins国际河流流域Lake basins湖泊流域Ponds tailings池塘尾渣River basins河流流域Freshwater degradation淡水恶化River pollution河流污染Run-off径流100个anticyclone 高气压coal 煤炭coastline 海岸线marsh gas 沼气sea level 海平面geography 地理solar energy 太阳能water energy 水能weather forecast 天气预报raw material 原材料energy source 自然资源abundant 丰富air pollution 空气污染peer 鹿earthquake 地震greenhouse effect 温室效应heat wave 热浪flood 水灾exhaust 废气recycle 回收navigation 航海resource 资源scarce 缺乏volcano 火山water power 水力smokeless fuel 无烟燃料trash垃圾wild boar 野猪emission排放dust 灰尘protest 抗议carbon dioxide 二氧化碳ancestor 祖宗archaeological 考古学上的continental Europe 欧洲大陆farming economy 农业经济hunter猎人mark 几号settler 定居者/移民者sustain 维持theory 理论plant 种植Neolithic period 新石器时代mountain bike 山地车island country 岛国petroleum 石油western hemisphere 西半球Rainfall降雨Solar radiation太阳辐射Transpiration蒸腾作用Winds风Atmospheric circulation大气环流Atmospheric precipitation大气降水Carbon cycle碳循环Acid rain酸雨Deposited particulate matter沉降的颗粒物Fly ash飞灰Fog雾Haze薄烟Indoor air pollution空内空气污染Smog烟雾Climatic issues气候问题Climate气候Climatic change气候变化Climatic zones气候带Drought干旱lithosphere岩石圈Solid Earth固态地球Caves洞穴Wind erosion风蚀Soils土壤Gravel pits沙坑Heath lands荒地Marginal lands边缘土地Soil capabilities土壤潜力Soil conservation土壤保持Soil contamination土壤污染Soil degradation土壤退化Soil erosion土壤侵蚀Soil improvement土壤改良Water erosion水蚀Desertification沙漠化Drought control抗旱Dry farming旱作Vegetation植被Weeds杂草Microbial resources微生物资源Protozoa原生生物Water wells水井Marine environment 海洋环境Marine ecosystems海洋生态系统Algal bloom藻花Benthic ecosystems海底生态系统Marine pollution海洋污染Small islands小岛屿Living marine resources海洋生物资源Coral reefs 珊瑚礁Highways公路Open spaces空地Pipelines管道Playgrounds运动场200个Public parks公园Public utilities公用事业Road construction道路建设Road maintenance道路养护Sports facilities体育设施Telecommunications电信Transport systems运输系统Tunnels隧道Urban water supply城市供水Public services公共服务10Ecotourism生态旅游Human migration人类迁居Human population人口Human right人权Land allotment土地分配Lifestyles生活方式Low-cost housing低价住房Migrant workers流动工人Minorities少数民族Sanitation环境卫生10Thermal sea power海洋热能Tidal energy潮汐能Solid wastes固体废物Thermal pollution热污染Toxic substances有毒物质Toxic waste有毒废物Toxins毒素Traffic noise交通噪音Pollution sources污染源Chimneys烟囱10Floods洪水Hurricanes飓风Landslides山崩Human-made disasters人为灾难Catastrophic phenomena灾难现象Accidental release of organisms生物体的意外释放Avalanches雪崩Cyclones旋风Release释放Seismic sea waves地震海浪Spillage泄漏10 Storms暴风雨Typhoons台风Latitude纬度Longitude经度Environmental security环境安全。

关于环境的英语词汇干旱Drought 空气质量Air qualityartificial precipitati on/rain fall全球变暖Global warmi ng 大气化学Atmospheric chemistry enhan cem ent 人工增雨温室效应Gree nhouse effect 大气成分Atmospheric comp onents artificial rain fall in filtrati on 人工降雨湿度Humidity 大气颗粒物Atmospheric particulates El Nino phe no me non 厄尔尼诺现象微气候影响Microclimate effects 二氧化碳Carbon dioxide La Ni na phe nome non 拉尼娜现象海平面上升Sea level rise 温室气体Green house gases forestation 植树造林人工影响天气Weather modification adverse weather con diti on 恶劣的天arid and semi-arid areas 干旱和半干岩石圈LITHOSPHERE 气状况旱地区固态地球Solid Earth desertification 沙漠化topsoil 表土层洞穴Caves san dstorm 沙尘暴high temperature 高温地震活动Seismic activity air quality rating 空气质量评级less rain fall 少雨土壤Soils visibility 能见度氧气Oxygen农用土地Agricultural la nd sand and dust weather 沙尘天气臭氧层Ozone layer碱地Alkali la nds cold snap 寒潮大气过程Atmospheric processes污染的土地Con tami nated land stormy wi nd 暴风空气一水相互作用Air-water 污染的土壤Co ntam in ated soil blizzard 大风雪in teractio n沙坑Gravel pits sno wstorm 暴风雪大气环流Atmospheric circulation荒地Heath lands ice rain 冻雨大气降水Atmospheric precipitation土地承载能力Land carry ing capacity thunderstorm 雷暴碳循环Carbon cycle土地污染Land polluti on hail/hailsto ne 冰雹蒸发作用Evaporatio n土地开垦Land reclamati on frosty 霜冻降水增力口Precipitati on enhan ceme nt 土地恢复Land restorati on cold spell 春寒期降雨Rainfall土地使用分类Land use classificati on dry spell 干旱期太阳辐射Solar radiation边缘土地Margi nal la nds drought-relief efforts 抗旱蒸腾作用Tran spirati on沙石开采Sa nd extract ion drinking water shortage 饮用水缺乏风Win ds沉积Sedimentation drought region 干旱地区空气污染Air pollution土壤潜力Soil capabilities rain spell 雨季酸雨Acid rain土壤保持Soil con servati on precipitati on 降雨或降雪量空气污染物Air polluta nts土壤污染Soil co ntam in atio n fog浓雾氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons土壤退化Soil degradati on sleet雨夹雪；雹；冻雨沉降的颗粒物Deposited particulate地震监测Seismic mon itori ng hurrica ne 飓风matter火山Volcanoes cycl one 旋风飞灰Fly ash风蚀Wind erosion typho on 台风雾Fog陆地生态系统TERRESTRIAL whirlwi nd 龙卷风薄烟HazeECOSYSTEMS waterspout 海上龙卷风空内空气污染In door air polluti on大气ATMOSPHERE In dia n summer 秋老虎烟雾Smog大气组成Atmospheric compositi on weather modificati on 人工影响天气气候问题Climatic issues农业气象学Agrometeorology 林地生态系统Woodla nd ecosystems 基因资源保护Conservation of 气候Climate 温带生态系统和寒带生态系统gen etic resources气候变化Climatic cha nge Temperate ecosystems and cold 生态平衡Ecological bala nce气候带Climatic zones zone ecosystems 濒危动物物种Endangered animal 土壤侵蚀Soil erosion 南极生态系统An tarctic ecosystems species土壤改良Soil improveme nt 南极地区An tarctic regi on 濒危植物物种Endangered plant 土壤盐碱化Soil sali nation 北极生态系统Arctic ecosystems species水蚀Water erosion 北极地区Arctic regi on 河口保护区Estuari ne con servati on 干旱地区生态系统Arid land 寒带生态系统Cold zone ecosystems areasecosystems 草地生态系统Grassla nd ecosystems 动物区系Fauna干旱土地Arid Ian ds 永久冻土生态系统Permafrost 植物区系Flora沙漠化Desertification ecosystems 食物链Food chain抗旱Drought control 极地生态系统Polar ecosystems 捕猎Hunting旱作Dry farming 温带生态系统Temperate ecosystems 无脊椎动物in vertebrates沙丘固定Sand dune fixati on 山地生态系统Mou ntai n ecosystems 陆地哺乳动物La nd mammals沙丘Sand dunes 高原生态系统Highla nd ecosystems 哺乳动物Mammals半干旱地区生态系统Semi-arid la nd 登山运动Mountain eeri ng 海洋保护区Marine conservation ecosystems 湿地生态系统Wetla nds ecosystems areas森林生态系统Forest ecosystems 红树沼泽Man grove swamps 微生物Microorga nisms植树造林Afforestation 水禽Waterfowl 移栖种Migratory species针叶林Coniferous forests 水涝地Waterlogged lands 国家公园Nati onal parks森林砍伐Deforestation 流域管理Watershed man agem ent 国家保护区Natio nal reserves森林保护Forest con servati on 水边开发Waterside developme nt 寄生生物Parasites森林火灾Forest fires 生物多样性和保护区Biological 愉猎Poaching草地火灾Grass fires diversity and protected areas 灵长目Primates绿化带Greenbelts 适应性强的物种Adaptable species 保护区Protected areas本地森林In dige nous forests 藻类Algae 受保护的物种Protected species再造林Reafforestation 两栖动物Amphibia ns 爬行动物Reptiles植被恢复Revegetation 动物习性An imal behaviour 陆地生物资源Terrestrial biological亚热带生态系统Sub-tropical 动物资源An imal resources resourcesecosystems 节肢动物Arthropods 植被Vegetation温带森林Temperate forests 生物多样性Biological diversity 杂草Weeds温带林地Temperate woodla nds 生物资源Biological resources 野生生物Wildlife树木Trees 生物圈保护区Biosphere reserves 野生生物保护Wildlife con servati on热带生态系统Tropical ecosystems 群落生境Biotopes 野生生物生境Wildlife habitats热带森林Tropical forests 鸟类Birds 动物园Zoological garde ns热带森林生态系统Tropical forest 植物园Bota ni cal garde ns 细菌Bacteriaecosystems 酶Enzymes真菌Fungi 自然排水系统Natural drainage 污水处理厂Sewage treatme nt pla nts基因库Gene banks systems 水泵Water pumps种质Germ plasm 河流流域开发River basin 水处理Water treatme nt微生物资源Microbial resources developme nt 水井Water wells原生生物Protozoa 河流Rivers 海洋环境MARINE ENVIRONMENTS病毒Viruses 雪Snow 海洋生态系统Marine ecosystems酵母Yeasts 地下水Subterranean water 藻花Algal bloom生物技术问题Biotechnological 地表水Surface waters 海底生态系统Be nthic ecosystems issues 水资源保护Water resources 海洋污染Mari ne polluti on农业生物技术Agricultural con servati on 污染沉积物Mari ne sedime ntsbiotech no logies 水资源开发Water resources 海洋环境Ocean circulation生物伦理学Bioethics developme nt 洋流Ocean currents生物安全Biosafety 淡水生态系统Freshwater 海洋Oceans生物技术Biotech no logies ecosystems 海洋温度Ocean temperature无性繁殖Clo ning 集水区Catchme nt areas 赤潮Red tide与健康有关的生物技术Health-related 国际河流流域International river 海平面Sea levelbiotech no logies bas ins 潮，潮汐Tides诱变剂Mutagens 湖泊流域Lake bas ins 沿海生态系统Coastal ecosystems突变微生物释放Mutated 池塘尾渣Ponds taili ngs 群岛Archipelagoesmicroorga ni sms release 河流流域River bas ins 沿海地区Coastal areas突变体Mutants 淡水恶化Freshwater degradati on 沿海开发Coastal development繁殖控制Reproductive mani pulati on 河流污染River pollutio n 沿海环境Coastal environmentsDNA 重组技术Recomb inant DNA 径流Ru n-off 海岸侵蚀Coastal erosiontech no logy 沉积物移动Sedime nt mobilizati on 疏浚Dredging动物的选择性繁殖Selective breedi ng 沉积物运移Sedime nt tran sport 河口生态系统Estuari ne ecosystemsof ani mals 沉积盆地Sedime ntary bas ins 岛屿生态系统Isla nd ecosystems植物的选择性繁殖Selective breedi ng 渗漏Seepage 小岛屿Small isla ndsof pla nts 凤眼蓝Water hyacinth 海洋生物资源Living marine 生物技术的社会一经济影响水污染Water pollution resourcesSocio-ec on omic impact of 水的盐化Water sali nation 水生哺乳动物Aquatic mammalsbiotech no logies 饮用水供应Drin ki ng water supply 水生微生物Aquatic microorga ni sms致畸剂Teratogens 脱盐Desalination 水生植物Aquatic plants淡水FRESHWATER 饮用水Drin ki ng water 珊瑚礁Coral reefs淡水资源Freshwater resources 饮用水处理Drinking water 甲壳纲动物Crustacea ns谈水保护Con servati on of freshwater treatme nt 鱼类Fish水坝Dams 城市配水系统Municipal water 海洋资源保护Marine resources冰Ice distribution systems con servati on湖泊Lakes 农村供水Rural water supply 软体动物Molluscs水生贝壳类动物Shellfish 环境影响Environmen tal impact 经济管理手段Eco nomic 环境管理ENVIRONMENTAL 环境影响评价Environ me ntal impact man ageme nt in strume nts MANAGEMENT assessme nt 成本-效益分析Cost-benefit analysis资源管理Resources man ageme nt 环境影响状报告书Environmental 发展中国家债务Developi ng cou ntries深海矿藏Deep sea deposits impact stateme nt debt森林管理Forest man agem ent 环境指标Environmen tal in dicators 环境股票交易Environmen tal stock 森林政府Forest policy 环境政策Environmen tal policy exchange资源的地埋分布Geographic 环境风险评估Environmental risk 政府环境开支Government distribution of resources assessme nt environmen tal expe nditures土地价值Land values 财政资助Finan cial assista nce 绿色财政手段Green fiscal矿产资源Mineral resources 土地利用规划Land use pla nning in strume nts国家保护计划Natio nal con servati on 环境管理指标Environmental 环境成本内在化Internalisation of programmes man ageme nt in dicators environmen tal costs自然资源Natural resources 环境质量指标Environmen tal quality 以绿色标志促销Marketing with 自然保护Nature con servati on in dicators gree n labelli ng不可再生资源Non-renewable 试验项目Pilot projects 资源的定价政策Pricing policies of resources 政策规划Policy pla nning resources资源净损耗Net resource depletion 施压集团Pressure groups 结构调整计划Structural adjustme nt 矿床Ore deposits 区域规划Regio nal pla nning programs石油资源保护Petroleum resources 自助计划Self-help programmes 税收差别Tax differe ntiationcon servati on 工农业选址Sit ing of in dustry 可交易的许可证Tradeable permits可再生资源Ren ewable resources 社会调查Social surveys 人类住区HUMAN SETTLEMENTS资源估价Resource appraisal 发展状况Status of development 人类住区管理Human settlements 资源保护Resource con servati on 可持续发展Sustai nable developme nt man ageme nt海底开发Sea bed exploitati on 可持续发展指标Sustainable 建成区Built-up areas海底采矿Sea bed mi ning developme nt in dicators 经济规戈V Econ omic zoning本地资源的利用Utilization of local 技术评价Tech no logy assessme nt 用火安全要求Fire safety resources 运输计戈H Tran sport pla nning requireme nts环境规戈V Environmen tal pla nning 环境经济问题Environmental 历史遗址Historical sites发展合作Developme nt cooperati on econ omic issues 住房改善Hous ing improveme nts发展计戈V Developme nt pla nning 环境定价Environmen tal valuati on 住房需求Housi ng needs生态发展Ecodevelopme nt 环境成本Environmen tal costs 住房规戈V Hous ing programmes经济发展Econ omic developme nt 夕卜咅B Externalities 住房质量标准Housing quality 经济计戈V Econ omic pla nning 重置成本Replaceme nt costs sta ndards环境核算Environmen tal accoun ti ng 贸易对环境的影响Trade impact on 工业区In dustrial areas环境审计Environmen tal audit ing environment 非高峰时间工作Off-peak worki ng环境健康影响评价Environmental 已定价值的生态系统组成部分Valued 办公室Officeshealth impact assessme nt ecosystem comp onents城区发展模式Patterns of urban 电力分配Electric power distributi on 低价住房Low-cost hous inggrowth 公共花园Public garde ns 流动工人Migra nt workers规划的城区发展Planned urban 公路Highways 少数民族Minoritiesdevelopme nt 空地Open spaces 社区改善计划Neighbourhood 再建房屋Rehous ing 管道Pipelines improveme nt schemes租赁房屋Re ntal hous ing 运动场Playgro unds 新社区New comm un ities居民区Residential areas 公园Public parks 流浪者Nomads建筑安全标准Safety standards for 公用事业Public utilities 非高峰时间通勤Off-peak commuti ng buildi ngs 道路建设Road con structi on 公共卫生Public health商店Shops 道路养护Road maintenance 种族关系Race relatio ns建筑业标准Standards for building 体育设施Sports facilities 娱乐Recreationin dustry 电信Telecomm uni cati ons 农村地区Rural areas城区设计Urban desig n 运输系统Tran sport systems 环境卫生Sa nitatio n建成结构Built structures 隧道Tunnels 社会指数Social indicators桥梁Bridges 城市供水Urban water supply 社会-经济因素Socio-economic 建筑材料Buildi ng materials 公共服务Public services factors建筑物Buildings 人类住区的社会一经济方面旅游Tourism建筑技术Buildi ng tech no logy Socio-economic aspects of human 旅行Travel施工技术Con structi on tech no logy settleme nts 贫困阶层Un der-privileged people建筑工程Con struction works 生育控制Birth control 城市地区Urban areas农业建筑Farm buildi ngs 社区服务Comm unity services 城区改造Urban renewal政府建筑Governme nt buildi ngs 社区参与Comm unity participati on 城区压力Urban stress高层建筑High-rise buildi ngs 通勤Commuting 妇女地位Women status工业建筑In dustrial buildi ngs 消费方式Con sumpti on patter ns 人类住区的环境方面Environ me ntal 本地建筑材料Local materials for 文化指标Cultural in dicators aspects of huma n settleme ntsbuildi ng 发展模式Developme nt patterns 空调Air conditioning拖车住房Mobile homes 残疾人Disabled pers ons 尸体处置Disposal of the dead核研究中心Nuclear research centres 毒品滥用Drug abuse 区城供热District heat ing装配式房屋Prefabricated buildi ngs 生态旅游Ecotourism 住房密度Hous ing den sity结构Structures 计划生育Family pla nning 过度拥挤Overcrowding隔热Thermal insulation 性别问题Ge nder issues 难民Refugees基础设施In frastructure 无家可归Homeless ness 旅游设施Tourist facilities通道Access roads 住房集资Hous ing finance 城市衰败Urban decay水上娱乐活动Aquatic recreational 人类迁居Huma n migrati on 农业AGRICULTUREame nities 人口Human population 农业方式Agricultural practices汽车停放Automobile park ing 人权Human rights 农业设备Agricultural equipment建成的排水系统Built drainage 土地分配Land allotme nt 农业管理Agricultural management systems 生活方式Lifestyles 农业方法Agricultural methods农业害虫Agricultural pests 食品辐照Food irradiation农业生产Agricultural producti on 食品保存Food preservati on农业储藏Agricultural storage 食品贮藏Food storage动物疾病An imal diseases 食品运输Food tran sport动物营养An imal nutriti on 林产品Forest products养蜂业Apiculture 烟草Tobacco水产养殖Aquaculture 农用化学品Agrochemicals害虫的生物控制Biological con trol of 化学肥料Chemical fertilizerspests 杀真菌剂Fun gicides生物固氮Biological n itroge n fixati on 除草剂Herbicides堆肥Composts 杀虫齐ij的代谢Metabolism of 等高耕作Con tour farming pesticides受控燃烧Con trolled burni ng 硝酸盐Nitrates作物保护Crop protectio n 亚硝酸盐Nitrites挽畜Draught animals 亚硝胺Nitrosam in es鱼类养殖Fish culture 营养物Nutrie nts渔业管理Fisheries man ageme nt 有机磷化物Organophosphorous谷物Grains compo unds作物虫害传染In festation of crops 杀虫剂的持久性Persistence of 粮食虫害传染In festation of food pesticides灌溉Irrigation 杀虫剂路径Pesticide pathways灌溉渠Irrigation canals 杀虫剂Pesticides灌溉农业Irrigation farmi ng 磷酸盐Phosphates天然肥料Natural fertilizers 杀虫剂的毒性Toxicity of pesticides有机农业Orga nic farmi ng 杀虫剂的使用Utilizatio n of pesticides病虫害控制Pest ma nageme nt 工业INDUSTRY杀虫剂标准控制Pesticide control 工业生产过程In dustrial processessta ndards 制铝工业Alumi nium in dustry植物病害Pla nt diseases 适用技术Appropriate tech no logy家禽饲养Poultry farming 高炉Blast furnaces林农轮作Shifti ng cultivati on 纤维素Cellulose树木苗圃Tree nu rseries 化学工业Chemical in dustry滴灌Trickle irrigation 清洁技术Clea n tech nologies农工业Agro-industry 服装工业Clothi ng in dustry畜产品Animal products 乳品业Dairy in dustry饮料工业Beverage in dustry 脱盐工厂Desali nati on pla nts酿造业Brewing industry 干洗Dry cleaning蒸馏业Distilling industry 炼铁工业Iron in dustry 洗烫衣服皮革工业金属加工Laun deri ngLeather industryMetal fin ishi ng。

雅思高频核心词汇一、自然与环境类1. environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ 环境2. pollution /pəˈluːʃn/ 污染3. protect /prəˈtekt/ 保护4. conserve /kənˈsɜːv/ 保存；保护5. natural /ˈnætʃrəl/ 自然的6. resource /rɪˈsɔːs/ 资源7. renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ 可再生的8. sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ 可持续的9. ecology /iˈkɒlədʒi/ 生态学10. ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ 生态系统11. wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ 野生动植物12. forest /ˈfɒrɪst/ 森林13. deforestation /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ 森林砍伐14. desert /ˈdezət/ 沙漠15. drought /draʊt/ 干旱16. flood /flʌd/ 洪水17. hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ 飓风18. tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ 海啸19. global warming /ˈɡləʊbl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ 全球变暖20. greenhouse effect /ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɪˈfekt/ 温室效应二、教育类1. education /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ 教育2. school /skuːl/ 学校3. university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ 大学4. college /ˈkɒlɪdʒ/ 学院5. student /ˈstjuːdnt/ 学生6. teacher /ˈtiːtʃə(r)/ 教师7. professor /prəˈfesə(r)/ 教授8. course /kɔːs/ 课程9. subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ 学科10. major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ 专业11. degree /dɪˈɡriː/ 学位12. diploma /dɪˈpləʊmə/ 文凭13. tuition /tjuˈɪʃn/ 学费14. scholarship /ˈskɒləʃɪp/ 奖学金15. study /ˈstʌdi/ 学习16. learn /lɜːn/ 学习17. knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ 知识18. skill /skɪl/ 技能19. ability /əˈbɪləti/ 能力20. creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/ 创造力三、科技类1. technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ 技术2. computer /kəmˈpjuːtə(r)/ 电脑3. internet /ˈɪntənet/ 互联网4. software /ˈsɒftweə(r)/ 软件5. hardware /ˈhɑːdweə(r)/ 硬件6. mobile phone /ˈməʊbaɪl fəʊn/ 手机7. digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ 数字的8. electronic /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/ 电子的9. innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ 创新10. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ 发明11. satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/ 卫星12. robot /ˈrəʊbɒt/ 机器人13. artificial intelligence /ˌɑːtɪfɪʃl ˌɪntəˈlɪdʒəns/ 人工智能14. biotechnology /ˌbaɪəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/ 生物技术15. nanotechnology /ˌnænəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/ 纳米技术16. communication /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/ 交流；通讯17. information /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ 信息18. data /ˈdeɪtə/ 数据19. network /ˈnetwɜːk/ 网络20. online /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/ 在线的四、社会与文化类1. society /səˈsaɪəti/ 社会2. culture /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ 文化3. tradition /trəˈdɪʃn/ 传统4. custom /ˈkʌstəm/ 习俗5. festival /ˈfestəvl/ 节日6. celebration /ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn/ 庆祝活动7. family /ˈfæməli/ 家庭8. community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ 社区9. relationship /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ 关系10. friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/ 友谊11. love /lʌv/ 爱12. respect /rɪˈspekt/ 尊重13. equality /iˈkwɒləti/ 平等14. diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ 多样性15. tolerance /ˈtɒlərəns/ 宽容16. cooperation /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ 合作17. communication /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/ 交流18. language /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/ 语言19. art /ɑːt/ 艺术20. music /ˈmjuːzɪk/ 音乐五、经济与商业类1. economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ 经济2. business /ˈbɪznəs/ 商业3. company /ˈkʌmpəni/ 公司4. enterprise /ˈentəpraɪz/ 企业5. industry /ˈɪndəstri/ 工业；行业6. trade /treɪd/ 贸易7. commerce /ˈkɒmɜːs/ 商业；贸易8. market /ˈmɑːkɪt/ 市场9. consumer /kənˈsjuːmə(r)/ 消费者10. product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ 产品11. service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ 服务12. profit /ˈprɒfɪt/ 利润13. loss /lɒs/ 损失14. investment /ɪnˈvestmənt/ 投资15. finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ 金融；财政16. currency /ˈkʌrənsi/ 货币17. inflation /ɪnˈfleɪʃn/ 通货膨胀18. recession /rɪˈseʃn/ 经济衰退19. employment /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ 就业20. unemployment /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ 失业六、健康与生活类1. health /helθ/ 健康2. fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ 健康；适合3. exercise /ˈeksəsaɪz/ 锻炼；运动4. diet /ˈdaɪət/ 饮食5. nutrition /njuˈtrɪʃn/ 营养6. sleep /sliːp/ 睡眠7. stress /stres/ 压力8. relaxation /ˌriːlækˈseɪʃn/ 放松9. hobby /ˈhɒbi/ 爱好10. entertainment /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/ 娱乐11. sport /spɔːt/ 运动12. game /ɡeɪm/ 游戏13. travel /ˈtrævl/ 旅行14. tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ 旅游业15. destination /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/ 目的地16. hotel /həʊˈtel/ 酒店17. restaurant /ˈrestrɒnt/ 餐厅18. food /fuːd/ 食物19. drink /drɪŋk/ 饮料20. medicine /ˈmedsn/ 药物七、人物与性格类1. person /ˈpɜːsn/ 人2. character /ˈkærəktə(r)/ 性格；品质3. personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ 个性4. kind /kaɪnd/ 善良的5. friendly /ˈfrendli/ 友好的6. honest /ˈɒnɪst/ 诚实的7. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ 可靠的8. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ 负责的9. confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ 自信的10. brave /breɪv/ 勇敢的11. intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ 聪明的12. creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ 有创造力的13. humorous /ˈhjuːmərəs/ 幽默的14. patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ 有耐心的15. generous /ˈdʒenərəs/ 慷慨的16. modest /ˈmɒdɪst/ 谦虚的17. diligent /ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/ 勤奋的18. active /ˈæktɪv/ 积极的19. passive /ˈpæsɪv/ 消极的20. stubborn /ˈstʌbən/ 固执的八、交通与旅游类1. transportation /ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃn/ 交通2. traffic /ˈtræfɪk/ 交通；流量3. vehicle /ˈviːəkl/ 车辆4. car /kɑː(r)/ 汽车5. bus /bʌs/ 公共汽车6. train /treɪn/ 火车7. plane /pleɪn/ 飞机8. ship /ʃɪp/ 船9. subway /ˈsʌbweɪ/ 地铁10. taxi /ˈtæksi/ 出租车11. journey /ˈdʒɜːni/ 旅行；行程12. trip /trɪp/ 旅行13. tour /tʊə(r)/ 旅游；观光14. sightsee /ˈsaɪtsiː/ 观光；游览15. landmark /ˈlændmɑːk/ 地标；里程碑16. attraction /əˈtrækʃn/ 吸引力；景点17. scenic /ˈsiːnɪk/ 风景优美的18. beautiful /ˈbjuːtɪfl/ 美丽的19. fascinating /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ 迷人的20. impressive /ɪmˈpresɪv/ 令人印象深刻的九、工作与职业类1. work /wɜːk/ 工作2. job /dʒəʊb/ 工作；职业3. career /kəˈrɪə(r)/ 职业；事业4. profession /prəˈfeʃn/ 职业；专业5. occupation /ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn/ 职业；占有6. employee /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/ 员工；雇员7. employer /ɪmˈplɔɪə(r)/ 雇主；老板8. colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/ 同事9. coworker /ˈkəʊˌwɜːkə(r)/ 同事；合作者10. boss /bɒs/ 老板；上司11. salary /ˈsæləri/ 薪水；工资12. wage /weɪdʒ/ 工资；报酬13. promotion /prəˈməʊʃn/ 晋升；促销14. transfer /ˈtrænsfɜː(r)/ 调动；转移15. resign /rɪˈzaɪn/ 辞职16. retire /rɪˈtaɪə(r)/ 退休17. skill /skɪl/ 技能；技巧18. experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ 经验；经历19. qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ 资格；条件20. certificate /səˈtɪfɪkət/ 证书；执照十、其他类1. important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ 重要的2. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ 必要的3. useful /ˈjuːsfl/ 有用的4. helpful /ˈhelpfl/ 有帮助的5. difficult /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/ 困难的6. easy /ˈiːzi/ 容易的7. interesting /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ 有趣的8. boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ 无聊的9. beautiful /ˈbjuːtɪfl/ 美丽的10. ugly /ˈʌɡli/ 丑陋的11. big /bɪɡ/ 大的12. small /smɔːl/ 小的13. tall /tɔːl/ 高的14. short /ʃɔːt/ 矮的15. fast /fɑːst/ 快的16. slow /sləʊ/ 慢的17. new /njuː/ 新的18. old /əʊld/ 旧的19. good /ɡʊd/ 好的20. bad /bæd/ 坏的。

自然环境类英语词汇bottle bank n.玻璃瓶回收箱carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳carbon monoxide n.一氧化碳chemical [ˈkemɪkl] n.化学制品;化学品climate change n. 气候变化conservation [ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn] n. 保护crisis [ˈkraɪsɪs] n. 危机damage [ˈdæmɪdʒ] n. 损坏;破坏diesel [ˈdiːzl]/[ˈdiːzəl] n. 柴油机;柴油disaster [dɪˈzɑːstə(r)] n.灾难;灾祸;灾害Earth [ɜːθ] n.地球electric car n.电动汽车endangered species n. 濒临灭绝物种energy [ˈenədʒi] n.能源the environment n. 环境exhaust fumes n.汽车排出的废气fuel [ˈfjuːəl] n.燃料fumes [fjuːmz] n.气，烟global warming n. 全球变暖greenhouse effect n. 温室效应habitat [ˈhæbɪtæt] n. 栖息地;产地hydro-electric power n.水力发电industrial waste n.工业垃圾landfill [ˈlændfɪl] n. 废物填埋low-energy bulb n.节能灯泡nature [ˈneɪtʃə(r)] n. 自然nuclear waste n.核废料oxygen [ˈɒksɪdʒən] n.氧气ozone layer n. 臭氧层planet [ˈplænɪt] n. 行星pollution [pəˈluːʃn] n. 污染;污染物,垃圾population [ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn] n.人口;人口数量rainforest [ˈreɪnfɔːrɪst] n.热带雨林recycling [ˌriːˈsaɪklɪŋ] n.回收利用;再利用renewable energy n.可再生能源sewage [ˈsuːɪdʒ] n. 污水;污物solar panel n.太阳电池板solar power n.太阳能solution [səˈluːʃn] n. 解决办法unleaded petrol n. 无铅汽油wildlife [ˈwaɪldlaɪf] n. 野生动物;野生生物wind power n. 风力world [wɜːld] n. 地球。

英语词汇复习环境类英语词汇复习——环境类环境意识的提升，日益引起人们的关注。

在环境问题日益严峻的今天，我们需要更多的英语词汇来描述和讨论与环境有关的话题。

本文将为大家提供一些常用的环境类英语词汇，并给出相应的例句和用法说明。

一、污染类词汇1. Pollution（污染）Pollution refers to the introduction of harmful substances or energy into the environment, causing negative effects on living organisms and their surroundings.Example: Air pollution is a major concern in urban areas.2. Contamination（污染）Contamination refers to the presence of unwanted or harmful substances in a particular environment.Example: The contamination of the river is threatening the life of aquatic species.3. Emission（排放）Emission refers to the release of pollutants or gases into the atmosphere, typically from industrial processes or vehicles.Example: Reducing carbon emissions is crucial for combating climate change.4. Waste（废物）Waste refers to any unwanted or useless materials, substances, or byproducts.Example: Recycling helps to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills.5. Deforestation（森林砍伐）Deforestation refers to the clearing, removal, or destruction of trees in forests.Example: Deforestation leads to the loss of biodiversity and contributes to global warming.二、保护类词汇1. Conservation（保护）Conservation refers to the act of preserving, protecting, or managing natural resources and the environment.Example: Conservation organizations play a crucial role in protecting endangered species.2. Sustainability（可持续性）Sustainability refers to the ability to maintain or support something over the long term without causing harm to the environment.Example: The use of renewable energy is essential for achieving sustainability.3. Preservation（保护）Preservation refers to the protection and maintenance of natural resources or historical sites for future generations.Example: The preservation of ancient temples requires regular maintenance and restoration.4. Renewable（可再生的）Renewable refers to resources that can be replenished or replaced naturally within a relatively short period of time.Example: Solar and wind energy are examples of renewable energy sources.5. Eco-friendly（环保的）Eco-friendly refers to products or practices that do not harm the environment and are designed to have minimal impact on the planet.Example: Using reusable shopping bags is a simple way to be more eco-friendly.三、气候变化类词汇1. Climate change（气候变化）Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature, precipitation patterns, and other aspects of the Earth's climate system.Example: The consequences of climate change include rising sea levels and extreme weather events.2. Global warming（全球变暖）Global warming refers to the long-term increase in the Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels.Example: The melting of polar ice caps is a direct result of global warming.3. Greenhouse effect（温室效应）Greenhouse effect refers to the process by which certain gases trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to a rise in temperature on Earth.Example: Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect.4. Mitigation（减缓）Mitigation refers to actions taken to reduce or prevent the emission of greenhouse gases and alleviate the impact of climate change.Example: Planting trees is a form of mitigation as it helps absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.5. Adaptation（适应）Adaptation refers to adjustments and changes made in response to the impacts of climate change to minimize vulnerability and maximize resilience.Example: Developing drought-resistant crops is an important adaptation strategy in regions prone to water scarcity.以上是一些常用的环境类英语词汇，希望能对您的英语词汇复习有所帮助。