2014年6月英语六级听力原文(第3套)

2014年6月英语六级听力原文第1套听力短对话1.W: The students have been protesting against the increased tuition.M: Yeah, I heard about the protest. But I don’t know how much good it will do. Q: What does the man mean?2.W: Jay will turn 21 this week. Does he know the class is having a surprise party for him?M: No. He thinks we are giving a party for the retiring dean.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?3.M: Hello. This is Carl’s Garage. We found Mr. White’s briefcase and wallet after he left his car here this morning.W: He has been wondering where he could have left them. I’ll tell him to pick them up this afternoon. Thank you for calling.Q: What do we learn about Mr. White from the conversation?4. W: You know, some TV channels have been rerunning a lot of comedies from the 1960s. What do you think of those old shows?M: Not much. But the new ones including those done by famous directors are not so entertaining either.Q: What does the man mean?5. M: How much longer should I boil these vegetables? The recipe says about 10 minutes in total.W: They look pretty done to me. I doubt you should cook them anymore. Q: What does the woman mean?6. W: Tom, are you going to your parents’ house tonight?M: Yes. I promised to help them figure out their tax returns. The tax code is really confusing to them.Q: What is the man going to do for his parents?7. W: I was surprised when I heard you’d fi nished your research project a whole month early.M: How I managed to do it is still a mystery to me.Q: What does the man mean?8. W: I was hoping we could be in the same developmental psychology class.M: Me too. But by the time I went for registration, the course was closed. Q: What does the man mean?听力长对话原文1Conversation OneM: It’s really amazing how many colors there are in these Thai silks.W: These are our new designs.M: Oh, I don't think I've seen this combination of colors before.W: They're really brilliant, aren't they?M: Quite dazzling! May I have samples of the new color combinations?W: Yes, of course. But aren't you going to place an order?M: We order them regularly, you know, but I do want our buyer who handles fabrics to see them.W: Have you looked at the wood and stone carvings? Did you like them? M: Oh, they aren't really what I'm looking for.W: What do you have in mind?M: That's the trouble. I never know exactly until I see it. I usually have more luck when I get away from the tourist places.W: Out in the countryside you mean?M: Yes, exactly. Markets in small towns have turned out best for me.W: You're more interested, then, in handicrafts that haven't been commercialized.M: Yes, real folk arts, pots, dishes, basket ware — the kinds of things that people themselves use.W: I'm sure we can arrange a trip out into the country for you.M: I was hoping you'd say that.W: We can drive out of Bangkok and stop whenever you see something that interests you.M: That would be wonderful! How soon could we leave?W: I can't get away tomorrow. But I think I can get a car for the day after. M: And would we have to come back the same day?W: No, I think I'll be able to keep the car for three or four days.M: Wonderful! That'll give me time for a real look around.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What attracts the man to the Thai silks?10. What is the man looking for in Thailand?11. What do we learn about the trip the woman promised to arrange for the man?听力长对话原文2Conversation TwoW: Well, before we decide we're going to live in Enderby, we really ought to have a look at the schools. We want the children to have a good secondary education, so we'd better see what’s available.M: They gave me some information at the district officeand I took notes. It appears there are five secondary schools in Enderby, three state schools and two private.W: I don’t know if we want private schools, do we?M: I don't think so, but we'll look at them anyway. There are Saint Mary's, that's a Catholic school for girls and Carlton Abbey, that's a very old boys' boarding school, founded in 1672.W: Are all the state schools co-educational?M: Yes, it seems so.W: I think little Keith is very good with his hands. We ought to send him to a school with good vocational training — carpentry, electronics, that sort of thing. M: In that case, we are best off at Enderby Comprehensive. I gather they have excellent workshops and instructors. But it says here the Donwell also has good facilities. Enderby High has a little, but they are mostly academic.No vocational training at a ll at Carlton Abbey or Saint Mary’s.W: What are the schools like academically? How many children go on to university every year?M: Well, Enderby High is very good. And Carlton Abbey even better. 70% of their pupils go on to university. Donwell isn’t so good. Only 8%. And Enderby Comprehensive and Saint Mary’s not much more, about 10%.W: Well, it seems like there is a broad selection of schools. But we’ll have to find out more than statistics before we can decide.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What do the speakers want their children to have?13. What do the speakers say about little Keith?14. What school has the highest percentage of pupils who go on to university?15. What are the speakers going to do next?听力短文原文PassageOneGood morning, ladies and gentlemen! As instructed in our previous meeting, the subcommittee on building development has now drawn up a brief to submit to the firm's architect.In short, the building would consist of two floors. There would be a storage area in the basement to be used by the research centre as well as by other departments. We are, as you know, short of storage base, so the availability of a large basement would be a considerable advantage. The ground floor would be occupied by laboratories. Altogether there would be six labs. In addition, there would be six offices for the technicians, plus a general secretarial office and a reception area. The first floor would be occupied by the offices of Research and Development staff. There would be a suite of offices for the Research and Development Director as well as a general office for secretarial staff. It's proposed to have a staff room with a small kitchen. This would serve both floors. There would also be a library for research documents and reference material. In addition, there would be a resource room in which audio-visual equipment and other equipment of that sort could be stored. Finally, there would be a seminar room with closed-circuit television. This room would also be used to present displays and demonstrations to visitors to the centre. The building would be of brick construction so it's to conform to the general style of construction on the site. There would be a pitched roof. Wall and ceiling spaces would be insulated to conform to new building regulations.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What is said about the planned basement of the new building?17. Where would be the Research and Development Director's office?18. Why would the building be of brick construction?PassageTwoHuang Yi works for a company that sells financial software to small- and medium-size businesses. His job is to show customers how to use the new software. He spends two weeks with each client, demonstrating the features and functions of the software. The first few months on the job were difficult. He often left the client feeling that even after two weeks he hadn't been able to show the employees everything they needed to know. It's not that they weren't interested; they obviously appreciated his instruction and showed a desire to learn. Huang couldn't figure out if the software was difficult for them to understand, or if he was not doing a good job of teaching. During the next few months, Huang started to see some patterns. He would get to a new client site and spend the first weekgoing over the software with the employees. He usually did this in shifts, with different groups of employees listening to him lecture. Then he would spend the next week installing the program and helping individuals troubleshoot. Huang realized that during the week of troubleshooting and answering questions, he ended up addressing the same issues over and over. He was annoyed because most of the individuals with whom he worked seem to have retained very little information from the first week. They asked very basic questions and often needed prompting from beginning to end. At first, he wondered if these people were just a little slow, but then he began to get the distinct feeling that part of the problem might be his style of presenting the information.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What does Huang Yi do in his company?20. What did Huang Yi think of his work?21. What did Huang Yi do in addition to lecturing?22. What did Huang Yi realize in the end?PassageThreeAs we help children get out into the world to do their learning there, we can get more of the world into the schools. Aside from their parents, most children never have any close contact with any adults except their teachers. No wonder they have no idea what adult life or work is like. We need to bring more people who are not full-time teachers into the schools. In New York City, under the Teachers' and Writers' Collaborative, real writers come into the schools, read their work, and talk to the children about the problems of their craft. The children love it. In another school, a practicing attorney comes in every month and talks to several classes about the law. Not the law as it is in books, but the law as he sees it and encounters it in his cases. And the children listen with intense interest. Here's something even easier: Let children work together, help each other, learn from each other and each other's mistakes. We now know from the experience of many schools that children are often the best teachers of other children. What's more important, we know that when a fifth- or sixth-grader who has being having trouble with reading starts helping a first-grader, his own reading sharply improves. A number of schools are beginning to use what some call paired learning. This means that you let children form partnerships with other children, do their work even including their tests together and share whatever marks or results this work gets, just like grown-ups in the real world. It seems to work. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. Why does the speaker say most children have no idea what adult life is like?24. What is happening in New York City schools?25. What does the experience of many schools show?听力填空Tests may be the most unpopular part of academic life. Students hate them because they produce fear and anxiety about being evaluated, and a focus on grades instead of learning for learning's sake. But tests are also valuable. A well-constructed test identifies what you know and what you still need to learn. Tests help you see how your performance compares to that of others. And knowing that you'll be tested on a body of material is certainly likely to motivate you to learn the material more thoroughly. However, there's another reason you might dislike tests. You may assume that tests have the power to define your worth as a person. If you do badly on a test, you may be tempted to believe that you’ve received some fundamental information about yourself from the professor—information that says you are a failure in some significant way. This is a dangerous and wrong-headed assumption. If you do badly on a test, it doesn't mean you are a bad person or stupid. Or that you'll never do better again and that your life is ruined. If you don't do well on a test, you're the same person you were before you took the test. No better, no worse. You just did badly on a test. That's it! In short, tests are not a measure of your value as an individual. They're a measure only of how well and how much you studied. Tests are tools.They are indirect and imperfect measures of what we know.2014年6月英语六级听力原文第2套听力短对话1. M: Look at the low priceson these fashionable TV sets.Something is fishy. Don't you think so?W: Well, there have been a lot of robberies recently.Some of the stolen goods may have landed here.Q: What does the woman imply about the low-priced television sets?2. M: I've been assigned to cover the governess's speech today.What about you?W: Nothing is grand as yours.I have to do an interview for the evening news about a man with dozens of cats.Q: What do we learn about the speakers?3. W: Didn't I see you going into the administration building this afternoon? M: I needed to switch my computer class to the 9:50 section.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?4. W: I guess you watched the quiz show on television last night.What did you think about it?M: Well, it was great.The first four contestants won only small prizes, but the fifth left with a new luxury car.Q: What does the man say about the quiz show?5. W: I can't find the arrival time of the New York to Boston Express on this schedule.M: Look for New York in the left-hand column and follow it across until you find the hour listed in the Boston column.Q: What are the speakers most probably doing?6. W: You look different today,but I can't quite put my finger on what it is. M: Oh, yesterday I finally got around to that new barbershop in the mall and enjoyed their services.Q: What can be inferred about the man?7. W: What do you think of Picasso's paintings exhibited in the city museum? M: Personally I can't quite see the meaning in his modern works. Most of them remind me of the stuff my nephew brings home from the kindergarten.Q: What does the man mean?8. W: Rod said he wanted to get involved in student government this year. M: But he hasn't gone to a single meeting, has he?Q: What does the man imply about Rod?Now you will hear the two long conversations.听力长对话原文1M：Good morning, madam. Can I help you?W: Oh, I do hope so. I have to get to Manchester today and my own car has broken down. Do you by any chance have a car available?M：For how many days, madam?W: Three, just until the weekend.M: And what sort of car did you have in mind?W: Well, that depends a bit on the price. But I normally drive a Cavalier. Do you have anything like that?M: Yes, certainly. That's group C which includes Cavalier and Sea-arrows. W: How much are they?M: Well, for three days, you would have to have it under the unlimited mileage conditions, which will work out cheaper for Manchester anyway. Let's see, Group C, three- to five-day hire with unlimited mileage is 53 pounds per day.W: I see. Does that include everything?M: It includes third-party insurance, but does not include value-added tax, petrol or CDW.W: What's that?M: CDW? Oh, that's to cover you in case you damage the hired car. Third-party insurance only covers you for damage to another vehicle. For Group C cars it's 6 pounds per day.W: OK. I think I'll have the Cavalier.M: Right. Could I have your driving license please?W: Certainly. Here we are.M: So, it's Mrs. J. B. Couty.W: Yes. That's right.M: And the number is 509024bc9cs, expiring 1st July, 2015. And you want to take it immediately?W: Yes, I do, please.M: Lovely. Well, if you could, just initial that box there for the CDW, and that box there to confirm you have known driving convictions. Thank you, and then sign there. Great! That's it!Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. Why does the woman want to hire a car?10. What is the woman's main consideration in hiring a car?11. What does the daily charge include?听力长对话原文2are generally very good. At least between the three main cities, Bilbao, Vitoria in the south and San Sebastian. There is now a fast train link to the south of France and the rest of Spain. All these improvements affect Bilbao principally, but the whole region benefits. First, the port area has been completely modernized and relocated. And the airport has also been extended. So the basic facilities are good.M: Right. So, are we in a position to choose one of these cities?W: Well, let's not rush into anything. I think it would be a bad idea to assume we're going to choose a city. It might be better to think about one of the smaller towns.M: Smaller places. Yes. So, should we get details on the possible places?W: Yes. We could do that. But we need, I think, first, to check a few things, for example, tax benefits, grants and anything like that, for locating to a smaller place, not one of the main cities. Then we could make a better decision.M: Yes. I agree. You've talked about the improved transport links in Bilbao. What about the links to the smaller towns？If it's a mountainous or hilly region, it could take an hour or more for a truck to reach a main road. So I think we need to look specifically at the train and road links for smaller towns.W: Yes, you're right. Road and rail, and the financial position.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What are the speakers discussing？13. What does the woman say about Bilbao, Victoria and San Sebastian？14. What does the woman think they should do？15. What is the man concerned about？听力短文原文PassageOneIn a study of older people with sisters and brothers, psychologist Debra Gold of the Duke Center for the study of aging and human development found that about 20%said they were either hostile or indifferent toward their sisters and brothers. Reasons for this ranged from inheritance disputes to hostility between spouses. But, many of those who had poor relationships felt guilty. Although most people admitted to some lingering rivalry, it was rarely strong enough to end the relationship. Only four out of the 55 people interviewed had completely broken with their sisters and brothers and only one of the four felt comfortable with the break.As sisters and brothers advance into old age, closeness increases and rivalry diminishes, explains Victor Chichiarelli, a psychologist at Purdue University. Most of the elderly people he interviewed said they had supportive and friendly dealings and got along well or very well with their sisters and brothers. Only 4% got along poorly. Gold found that as people age, they often become more involved with and interested in their sisters and brothers. 53% of those sheinterviewed said that contact with their sisters and brothers increase in late adulthood. With family and career obligations reduced, many said they had more time for each other. Others said that they felt it was time to heal wounds. A man who had recently reconciled with his brother told Gold there's something that lets older people put aside the bad deeds of the past and focus a little on what we need now, especially when it's sisters and brothers.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What does the study by Debra Gold find about older people?17. What has probably caused closeness to increase among sisters and brothers according to Victor Chichiarelli?18. What did the man who had recently reconciled with his brother tell Debra Gold about older people?PassageTwoMonarch butterflies, the large orange and black insects, are a common summer sight in the northern United States and Canada. They brighten parks and gardens as they fly among the flowers. What makes monarch butterflies particularly interesting is that they migrate—all the way to California or Mexico and back. They are thought to be the only insect that does this. Every year in the late summer, monarchs begin their migration to the south. Those heading for Mexico go first for the Louisiana-Mississippi region. Then they fly across the Gulf of Mexico into Texas. Once in Mexico, they establish themselves in one of about 15 sites in a mountain forest. Each site provides a winter home for millions of monarchs. The butterflies are so numerous that they often cover entire trees. When spring comes, they begin their long journey north. The question is often asked whether every butterfly makes the round trip journey every year. And the answer is no. The average monarch lives about nine months. So one flying north might lay eggs in Louisiana and then die. The eggs of that generation may be found in Kentucky; the eggs of the next generation may end up in Wisconsin or Michigan. The last generation of the season about the fourth will make the journey back to Mexico and restart the cycle. Scientists learn about monarch butterflies' migration by capturing and placing identifying tags on the insects. By recapturing a tagged monarch and noting where it came from, the next scientist can figure out things like butterfly's age and its routing.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What is unique about monarch butterflies according to the speaker?20. Where do monarch butterflies settle at the end of their migration?21. What does the speaker say about monarch butterflies' reproduction?22. What is the talk mainly about?PassageThreePeople nowadays seem to have the sense that their time has become more limited,that compared to earlier generations, we spend more and more time workingand have less and less free time to engage in leisure pursuitsBut this premise turns out to be an illusion. The most comprehensive data from major time use surveys suggest that, if anything, Americans today have more free time than earlier generations. The number of hours we work has not changed much, but we spend less time now on home tasks.So we have a greater amount of time for leisure than in decades past. So why do we feel like time is so scarce? One problem is that our time has become more valuableand as time becomes worth more money, we feel like we have less of it. Workers who bill or get paid by the hour, think lawyers and fast-food workers, report focusing more on pursuing more money than those who get paid at salary and the effect happens fast. In one experiment, people were told to play the role of consultants and bill their time at either nine dollars an hour or ninety dollars an hour. When people billed their time for ninety dollars an hour they reported feeling far more pressed for time. Thinking about our time as money changes our behavior as well. In one study, people who were instructed to think about money before entering a cafe spent less time chatting with the other patrons and more time working. Those who were thinking about their time did the reverse, spending time socializing instead of working.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. What does the speaker say people now feel about time?24. What do the data from major time use surveys show?25. What happens when we think about our time as money?听力填空The first copyright law in the United States was passed by Congress in 1790. In 1976 Congress enacted the latest copyright law, taking into consideration the technological developments that had occurred since the passage of the Copyright Act of 1909. For example, in 1909, anyone who wanted to make a single copy of a literary work for personal use had to do so by hand. The very process imposed a limitation on the quantity of materials copied. Today, a photocopier can do the work in seconds; the limitation has disappeared. The 1909 law did not provide full protection for films and sound recordings, nor did it anticipate the need to protect radio and television. As a result, violations of the law and abuses of the intent of the law have lessened the financial rewards of authors, artists, and producers. The 1976 Copyright Act has not prevented these abuses fully, but it has clarified the legal rights of the injured parties and given them an avenue for remedy. Since 1976 the Act has been amended to include computer software, and guidelines have been adopted for fair use of television broadcasts. These changes have cleared up much of the confusion and conflict that followed in the wake of the 1976 legislation. The fine points of the law are decided by the courts and by acceptable common practice over time. As thesedecisions and agreements are made, we modify our behavior accordingly. For now, we need to interpret the law and its guidelines as accurately as we can and to act in a fair manner.2014年6月英语六级听力原文第3套听力填空1. W: Jim, you are on the net again! When are you going to get off? It's time for the talk show.M: Just a minute, dear! I'm looking at a new jewelry site. I want to make sure I get the right gift for mom's birthday.Q: What is the man doing right now?2. W: I've never seen you have such confidence before an exam!M: It's more than confidence! Right now I feel that if I get less than an A, it will be the fault of the exam itself.Q: What does the man mean?3. W: Just look at this newspaper! Nothing but murder, death and war! Do you still believe people are basically good?M: Of course I do! But newspapers hardly ever report stories about peace and generosity. They are not news!Q: What do we learn from the conversation?4. M: Tom must be joking when he said he plans to sell his shop and go to medical school.W: You are quite right! He's just kidding! He's also told me time and time again he wished he studied for some profession instead of going into business.Q: What will Tom probably do according to the conversation?5. W: I hear your boss has a real good impression of you, and he is thinking about giving you two more days off each month.M: I hope not. I'd rather get more work hours, so I can get enough bucks to help out my two kids at college.Q: What does the man truly want?6. M: I heard you took a trip to Mexico last month. How did you like it?W: Oh, I got sick and tired of hotels and hotel food! So now I understand the thing: East, west, home's best.Q: What does the woman mean?7. W: I'm worried about Anna. She's really been depressed lately. All she does is staying in her room all day.M: That sounds serious! She'd better see a psychiatrist at the counseling centre. Q: What does the man suggest Anna do?8. M: I could hardly recognize Sam after he got that new job! He's always in a suit and tie now.W: Yeah. He was never like that at college. Back then, he went around in old T-shirts and jeans.Q: What do the speakers say about Sam?听力长对话原文1Conversation OneM: Hi, Ann! Welcome back! How was your trip to the States?W: Very busy. I had a lot of meetings, so, of course, I didn't have much time to see New York.M: What a pity! Actually, I have a trip there myself next week.W: Do you? Then take my advice, do the well-being in the air program. It really works.M: Oh, I read about that in a magazine. You say it works?W: Yes, I did the program on the flight to the States, and when I arrived in New York, I didn't have any problem, no jet lag (飞行时差反应) at all. On the way back, I didn't doit, and I felt terrible.M: You're joking!W: Not at all. It really made a lot of difference.M: En. So what did you do?W: Well, I didn't drink any alcohol or coffee, and I didn't eat any meat or rich food. I drank a lot of water, and fruit juice, and I ate the meals on the well-being menu. They're lighter. They have fish, vegetables, and noodles, for example. And I did some of the exercises in the program.M: Exercises? On a plane?W: Yes. I didn't do many, of course. There isn't much space on a plane.M: How many passengers do the exercises?。

2014年6月六级听力真题及答案（第三套）Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer,Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A) They might be stolen goods.B) They might be fake products.C) They might be faulty products.D) They might be smuggled goods.2. A) They are civil servants.B) They are job applicants.C) They are news reporters.D) They are public speakers.3. A) The man has decided to quit his computer class.B) The woman wants to get a degree in administration.C) A computer degree is a must for administrative work.D) The man went to change the time of his computer class.4. A) A lot of contestants participated in the show.B) The fifth contestant won the biggest prize.C) It was not as exciting as he had expected.D) It was sponsored by a car manufacturer.5. A) Reading a newspaper column.B) Looking at a railway timetable.C) Driving from New York to Boston.D) Waiting for someone at the airport.6. A) He wears a coat bought in the mall.B) He got a new job at the barbershop.C) He had a finger hurt last night.D) He had his hair cut yesterday.7. A) He cannot appreciate the Picasso exhibition.B) Even his nephew can draw as well as Picasso.C) He is not quite impressed with modem paintings.D) Some drawings by kindergarten kids are excellent.8. A) He should not put the cart before the horse.B) His conduct does not square with his words.C) His attitude to student government has changed.D) He has long been involved in student government.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) She left her own car in Manchester.B) Something went wrong with her car.C) She wants to go traveling on the weekend.D) Her car won't be back in a week's time.10. A) Safety. B) Comfort. C) Size. D) Cost.11. A) Third-party insurance.B) Value-added tax.C) Petrol.D) CDW.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) How to update the basic facilities.B) What to do to enhance their position.C) Where to locate their plant.D) How to attract investments.13. A) Their road link to other European countries is fast.B) They are all located in the south of France.C) They are very close to each other.D) Their basic facilities are good.14. A) Try to avoid making a hasty decision.B ) Take advantage of the train links.C) Talk with the local authorities.D) Conduct field surveys first.15. A) Future product distribution.B) Local employment policies.C) Road and rail links for small towns.D) Skilled workforce in the hilly region.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)In June 2014, the College English Test (CET) Band 6 saw yet another round of challenging questions that tested the language proficiency of students across the country. The third set of questions, particularly, stood out for its thought-provoking reading comprehension passages and complex listening sections. This article aims to delve into the exam's key components, highlighting the key learning points and offering insights into effective preparation strategies.**Reading Comprehension: Depth and Breadth of Understanding**The reading section of the CET-6 exam requires a high level of comprehension, not just of the literal meaning of the text but also of its underlying ideas and arguments. The passages in the June 2014 exam were no exception, covering a diverse range of topics from science and technology to social issues. This diversity demands a well-rounded knowledge base and the ability to quickly identify key information.To excel in this section, students must cultivate a habit of regular reading, exposure to a wide range of materials, and active vocabulary building. By reading regularly, students can familiarize themselves with different writing styles and improve their understanding of complex sentence structures. Vocabulary building is also crucial, as a rich vocabulary enhances comprehension and allows for smoother reading.**Listening Comprehension: Attention to Detail**The listening section of the CET-6 exam tests the student's ability to understand spoken English, often in fast-paced and natural settings. The June 2014 exam was no different, with recordings featuring native speakers discussing various topics. This section demands close attention to detail, the ability to quickly process information, and excellent note-taking skills.To improve in this area, students should practice listening to native speakers regularly, both through audio materials and in person. This helps familiarize them with the pace and tone of spoken English. Practice withdifferent accents is also beneficial, as it preparesstudents for the wide variety of accents they may encounter in real-world situations. Additionally, regular practice with listening exercises, especially those that simulate the exam format, is crucial for success.**Writing: Clear and Coherent Expression**The writing section of the CET-6 exam requires students to demonstrate their ability to construct a clear and coherent argument in English. The task often involves writing an essay based on a given prompt, which requires careful planning, organization, and attention to language use.To excel in writing, students should focus on developing their writing skills through regular practice. They should aim to produce well-structured essays that are both argumentative and persuasive. This involves planning the essay's structure, developing clear arguments, and using appropriate language and vocabulary. Additionally, students should familiarize themselves with different writing styles and formats, as this helps them adapt to different writing tasks.**Conclusion**The CET-6 exam, particularly the June 2014 edition, remains a challenging test of English proficiency. By focusing on key areas such as reading comprehension, listening comprehension, and writing skills, students can improve their chances of success. Regular practice, exposure to a wide range of materials, and attention to detail are crucial for achieving a high score. By following these strategies, students can not only excel in the CET-6 exam but also improve their overall English proficiency.**六级真题深度解析与学习启示**2014年6月的大学英语六级考试（CET-6）再次迎来了一批具有挑战性的题目，这些题目在全国范围内对学生的英语水平进行了测试。

2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题(二)Part I Writing (30 minutes)(多题多卷）题目一：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all eggs in one basket． You can give examples to illustrate your point． You should write at least 150 words and no more than 200words．题目二：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something． You can give examples to illustrate your point．You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations． At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said． Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once． After each question there will be a pause． During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer ．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2023年6月英语六级真题第3套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence "It is widely accepted that an important goal of education is to help students learn how to learn." You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)温馨提示：2023年6月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是顺序不同，故听力部分不再重复列出Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.You might not know yourself as well as you think. According to a new study, people are ___26___ accurate judges of only some of their behaviors. While most previous studies on how well people know themselves have been done on long-term personality traits, this new study ___27___ how well people understand how they are acting from one moment to the next. Researchers asked participants to wear audio recorders that automatically ___28___ every 9.5 minutes between 7 a.m. and 2 a.m. to record 30 seconds of audio. These participants were then emailed surveys four times a day asking them to ___29___ how outgoing, agreeable, or conscientious they were during a particular hour of the day. The study used data from 248 participants, all of whom answered questions about their behavior for two ___30___ weeks and wore the audio device for one of those weeks.Six laboratory assistants rated each participant's audio clips to see how their observations compared with people's ___31___ of themselves. The six assistants were generally in agreement with one another about how the people they were observing acted. Further, participants' ratings of their own behaviors agreed with observers' for how outgoing and how conscientious they were being. But the agreement between participants and outside observers was much smaller for agreeableness. Some of this ___32___ could be because the observers used only audio clips, and thus could not read ___33___ like body language, but there are ___34___ other explanations, as people should be able to hear when a participant is being kind versus being rude. The weak agreement between how participants thought they were acting and what observers heard could be because people would rather ___35___ rude behavior.A) activated I) probesB) articulates J) randomC) assessment K) recallD) consecutive L) relativelyE) cues M) saturatedF) deny N) symptomsG) discrepancy O) terminateH) probablySection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by making the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why we need tiny collegesA) We're experiencing the rebirth of smallness. Farmers markets, tiny homes, and brew pubs all exemplifyour love of smallness. So do charter schools, coffee shops, and local bookstores. Small is often (but not always) more affordable, healthier, and sustainable, but its finest characteristic, the one that turns charm into love, is that going small allows us to be more fully who we are.B) In higher education the trend is mostly in the opposite direction: Universities with 20,000 or30,000students are considered "mid-sized". The nation's largest university, Arizona State University, has 80,000 students on campus and aims to enroll another 100,000 students online. At the other end of the spectrum is a handful of colleges that have fewer than a hundred students on campus and no online courses: colleges such as Sterling College, Thomas More College of Liberal Arts, and Deep Springs College. These colleges are so small that they can only be called "tiny."C) Tiny colleges focus not just on a young person's intellect, but on the young person as a whole. Equallyimportant, tiny colleges ask, "How can education contribute to human flourishing and the well-being of the world?" And they shape a college experience to address that question. They replace concerns about institutional growth with attention to the growth of students as fully developed participants in their communities.D) I've had the privilege of teaching at three different institutions of higher learning during my career-a smallliberal arts college and two mid-sized public universities. I've also been profoundly disappointed in each of these institutions, and in many of my colleagues, especially when it comes to helping students and preparing them for the many responsibilities of adulthood. Administrators focus on the business of running a university, and most faculty focus on their scholarship and teaching their discipline. Little deliberate attention is given to how students mature as individuals and social beings.E) Having just retired from teaching at a public university, I'm now returning to my hometown of Flagstaff,Arizona, to establish a tiny college—Flagstaff College. I'm convinced there's a need for another type of education, one devoted to helping students come into their own and into this beautiful and troubled world. Young people need an education that will provide them with meaning, hope, courage, and passion, as well as information and skills. Large institutions, I believe, are particularly ill-suited to this type of education.F) There's no "best of" list when it comes to tiny colleges, at least not yet. But around the country people arecreating new colleges that provide an alternative to small liberal arts colleges, large public universities, and online education.G) With only 26 students, Deep Springs is the smallest college in the country and, quite likely, the mostatypical (非典型的). Located on a working cattle ranch on the California-Nevada border, Deep Springsis a private, residential, two-year college for men, committed to educating students for "a life of service to humanity." Founded by the electricity tycoon (大亨) L.L. Nunn in 1917, Deep Springs "curriculum"revolves around academics, labor, and self-governance. In addition to their courses, students are charged with running the 155-acre ranch and overseeing the functioning of the college. Students chair both the admissions and the curriculum committees.H) "Living in close community with one's teachers and fellow students, and being forced to take on adultresponsibilities, makes for one's growth as a person," says William Hunt, who graduated last year. "To exist for very long in a community like that, you have to get over the question of whether you're sufficiently talented or principled and get started worrying about how you can stretch yourself and your peers, how much you can manage to learn with them."I) Sterling College, in Craftsbury Common, Vermont, is also very small-fewer than 100 students. UnlikeDeep Springs, Sterling focuses its curriculum on environmental and social justice issues, but like Deep Springs it places a high value on personal responsibility and manual labor. According to its catalog, a college education at Sterling combines "rigorous academics, roll-up-your-sleeves challenges, and good old hard work."J) The average tuition at a small liberal-arts college is $30,000 to $40,000 a year, not including the cost of living on campus, as compared to $8,000 to $10,000 a year for tuition alone at a public university. Of the tiny colleges, only Deep Springs doesn't charge tuition or room and board; students pay only for books and the cost of traveling to and from college. If tiny schools are to become a player on the higher education scene, they will need to find a way to be truly affordable.K) Doing so may not be that difficult so long as they do not pattern themselves too closely on existing norms. We've come to believe that a good college should have many academic programs and excellent facilities, posh (豪华的) dorms, an array of athletic programs, and a world-class student activity center.Imagine a good college without a climbing wall! We also have accepted the idea that college presidents, and their many vice-presidents, should be paid like their counterparts in the business world and that higher education requires an elaborate, up-to-date technology infrastructure. All of this drives up the cost of education.L) The "trick" to making tiny colleges affordable, if that's the right word, is simplicity. At its core, education is a human-to-human interaction. Reflecting on his own college education, President Garfield once commented that an ideal college would consist of nothing more than the legendary teacher Mark Hopkins on one end of a log and a student on the other. The economics of a tiny college, in other words, might be similar to that of a tiny house. Because it is small, a tiny house costs less to build and less to furnish, insure, and maintain. But the economic benefits of a small house don't end there. Tiny homes discourage homeowners from buying stuff that they really don't need, because there's no place to put it.M) I'm a late convert to the idea of tiny colleges, and I fully understand the need for many diverse types of educational institutions. Academic research and job training are important, but tiny colleges aren't suited for either. The educational needs of a complex society are themselves complex, and no single model can meet all of these needs. But I'm now convinced there's an educational need that's now going almost completely unmet: namely, the need to help young people transition into adulthood. Tiny colleges can do this better than any other type of educational institution.N) The ultimate justification for a tiny college is the conviction that each of us comes into our full humanity by close interaction with those who know and care for us, and that one of the basic purposes of higher education is social. Although we give lip service to the idea that a college education will make us better people, when all's said and done, we think of higher education primarily in economic terms. We've come to think of higher education as a means to make a living rather than make a life. We've also come to see higher education as a private good rather than a public one. Tiny colleges are not the answer to all of our educational requirements, but they're an answer to one of our most basic educational necessities; the needto produce thoughtful, engaged, and compassionate human beings.36. One tiny American college situated on a cattle farm is devoted to educating students to serve mankindthroughout their lives.37. Much to the author's disappointment, the three institutions of higher learning where she taught largelyignore students' growth as social beings.38. Tiny colleges must be made affordable in order to play a role in higher education.39. According to a recent graduate from a tiny college, living together with faculty and fellow students isconducive to a student's growth as a person.40. Rather than going small, most American universities are trying to go big.41. In a certain tiny college, rigorous academic work and traditional manual labor are integrated.42. Tiny colleges focus on educating students to become well-rounded citizens instead of seeking their ownexpansion.43. The essence of education lies in the interaction between people.44. After her retirement, the author has decided to set up a tiny college in her hometown.45. Tiny colleges are justified as it is believed that our growth into full humanity comes through interactionwith people near and dear to us.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.If you're someone who has turned to snacking on junk food more in the pandemic (大流行病), you're not alone. Investigative reporter Michael Moss says processed food is engineered to hook you, not unlike alcohol, cigarettes, or other harmful substances. His 2013 book, Salt Sugar Fat, explored food companies' aggressive marketing of those products and their impact on our health. In his new book, Hooked, Moss updates the food giants' efforts to keep us eating what they serve, and how they're responding to complaints from consumers and health advocates.Processed food is inexpensive, it's legal, and it's everywhere. Companies' advertising is cueing us to remember those products and we want those products constantly. So the food environment is one of those key things that makes food even more problematic for so many people. Memory, nostalgia (怀旧) in particular, plays a big role in the foods we crave. Soda companies discovered that if they put a soda in the hands of a child when they're at a ball game with their parents, that soda will forever be associated with that joyous moment. Later in life, when that child wants to experience a joyous moment, they're going to think of soda. Many people seek comfort in the snacks they remember from childhood.Moss examines the way companies capitalize on our memories, cravings and brain chemistry to keep us snacking.One of the reasons I came to think that some of these food products are even more powerful, more troublesome than drugs can be is memory. What we eat is all about memory. And we begin forming memories for food at a really early age. And we keep those memories for a lifetime. Knowing this, the food industry spends lots of time trying to shape the memories that we have for their products. One of the features of addiction that scientists studying drug addiction discovered back in the 1990s was that the faster a substance hits the brain, the more apt we are as a result to act impulsively. There's nothing faster than food in its ability to hit the brain. For Moss, this puts the notion of "fast food" in an entirely new light as this isn't limited to fast food chains-almost 90% of food products in grocery stores are processed foods. Everything in the industry is about speed, from manufacturing to packaging.Overall, Moss outlines the industry's dependence on making their products inexpensive, superdelicious, and incredibly convenient for consumers. Now that more and more people care about what they put in their bodies and are wanting to eat healthier, these companies are finding it really difficult to meet that new demand because of their own addiction to making these convenience foods.46. In what way does Michael Moss think processed food is comparable to alcohol and cigarettes?A) They are all addictive. C) They are all engineered to be enjoyed.B) They are all necessary evils. D) They are all in increasingly great demand.47. What does the author say plays a key role in the foods we crave?A) The food environment. C) Convenience.B) Aggressive marketing. D) Memory.48. What do food companies do to capitalize on consumers' association with their food products?A) They strive to influence how consumers remember their products.B) They attempt to use consumers' long-term memories to promote addiction.C) They try to exploit consumers' memories for their products as early as possible.D) They endeavor to find what consumers remember about their products.49. How does the food industry operate from manufacturing to packaging, according to Moss?A) Placing the idea of fast food in an entirely new light.B) Setting no limit to the number of fast food chains.C) Focusing on how quickly the work is done.D) Prioritizing the quality of their products.50. Why are companies finding it difficult to satisfy consumers' demand for healthier food products?A) They think speed of production outweighs consumers' health.B) They believe their industry would perish without fast foods.C) They have to strike a balance between taste and nutrition.D) They are hooked on manufacturing convenience foods.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Chimpanzees (黑猩猩), human beings' closest animal relatives, share up to 98% of our genes. Yet humans and chimpanzees lead very different lives. Fewer than 300,000 wild chimpanzees live in a few forested corners of Africa today, while humans have colonized every corner of the globe. At more than 7 billion, human population dwarfs that of nearly all other mammals—despite our physical weaknesses.What could account for our species' incredible evolutionary successes?One obvious answer is our big brains. It could be that our raw intelligence gave us an unprecedented ability to think outside the box, innovating solutions to thorny problems as people migrated across the globe.But a growing number of cognitive scientists and anthropologists (人类学家) are rejecting that explanation. They think that, rather than making our living as innovators, we survive and thrive precisely because we don't think for ourselves. Instead, people cope with challenging climates and ecological contexts by carefully copying others.In a famous study, psychologists Victoria Horner and Andrew Whiten showed two groups of test subjects-children and chimpanzees-a mechanical box with a treat inside. In one condition, the box was opaque, while in the other it was transparent. The experimenters demonstrated how to open the box to retrieve the treat, but they also included the irrelevant step of tapping on the box with a stick.Oddly, the children carefully copied all the steps to open the box, even when they could see that the stick had no practical effect. That is, they copied irrationally: Instead of doing only what was necessary to get their reward, children slavishly imitated every action they'd witnessed.Of course, that study only included three- and four-year-olds. But additional research has shown that older children and adults are even more likely to mindlessly copy others' actions, and infants are less likely to over-imitate—that is, to precisely copy even impractical actions.By contrast, chimpanzees in the study only over-imitated in the opaque condition. In the transparent condition-where they saw that the stick was mechanically useless-they ignored that step entirely. Other research has since supported these findings.When it comes to copying, chimpanzees are more rational than human children or adults.Where does the seemingly irrational human preference for over-imitation come from? Anthropologist Joseph Henrich points out that people around the world rely on technologies that are often so complex that no one can learn them rationally. Instead, people must learn them step by step, trusting in the wisdom of more experienced elders and peers.So the next time you hear someone arguing passionately that everyone should embrace nonconformity and avoid imitating others, you might laugh a little bit. We're not chimpanzees, after all.51. What might explain humans' having the largest population of almost all mammals?A) They are equipped with raw strength for solving the most challenging problems.B) They cope with the outside world more effectively than their animal relatives.C) They possess the most outstanding ability to think.D) They know how to survive everywhere on earth.52. What accounts for humans' evolutionary successes according to a growing number of cognitive scientists and anthropologists?A) They are better at innovating solutions.B) They thrive through creative strategies.C) They are naturally adaptive to ecological contexts.D) They meet challenges by imitating others carefully.53. What does the author think is odd about the findings of the study by Victoria Horner and Andrew Whiten?A) Children irrationally imitated every action of the experimenters.B) Chimpanzees could tell the transparent box from the opaque one.C) Chimpanzees could retrieve the treat more quickly than children did.D) Children omitted the step of tapping on the box with a stick to open it.54. What is anthropologist Joseph Henrich's explanation for the human preference for copying?A) It originates in the rationality of people around the world.B) It stems from the way people learn complex technologies.C) It results from people distrusting their own wisdom.D) It derives from the desire to acquire knowledge step by step.55. What point does the author want to emphasize when he says "We're not chimpanzees"?A) It is arguable whether everyone should avoid imitation.B) It is characteristic of human beings to copy others.C) It is desirable to trust in more knowledgeable peers.D) It is naive to laugh at someone embracing nonconformity.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.近年来,中国城市加快发展,城市人居环境得到显著改善。

16年第三套真题听力Conversation One对话一M:So, what's the next thing on the agenda, Mary 男：玛丽，议程表上的下一项是什么W:Well, it's the South Theater Company.女：是有关南方剧院公司的。

They want to know if we 'd be interested insponsor ing a tour they want to make to East Asia.他们想知道我们是否对赞助他们去东亚旅行感兴趣。

M:East Asia Uh ... and how much are they hopingt o get from us男：东亚呃...他们希望我们出多少赞助费W:Well, the letter mentions 20,000 pounds, but I do not know if they might settle for less.女：信上写的是2万英镑，但是我不知道赞助金额少点他们是否会接受。

M:Do they say what they would cover男：他们有没有说这些钱用来做什么Have they anything specific in mind他们有没有一些特定的想法W:No, I think they are just asking all the firms in town for as much money as they think they'llg ive.女：没有，我认为他们只是想要镇上所有企业拿出其认为该企业能赞助的金额。

M:And we are worth 20,000 pounds, right男：在他们看来，我们能拿出2万英镑，对吧W:It seems so.女：看起来是这样的。

M:Very flattering.男：太会奉承了。

2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)12014年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人B)Ate vegetables and fruit only.D)Avoided eating rich food.2.A)Many of them found it difficult to exercise on a plane.B)Many of them were concerned with their well-being.C)Not many of them chose to do what she did.D)Not many of them understood the program.Questions13to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A)At a fair.C)In a computer lab.B)At a cafeteria.D)In a shopping mall.14.A)The latest computer technology.C)The purchasing of some equipment.B)The organizing of an exhibition.D)The dramatic changes in the job market.15.A)Data collection.C)Corporate management.B)Training consultancy D)Information processing.Section BDirections：In this section,you will hear3short passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B)，C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2023年6月英语六级真题第3套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence "It is widely accepted that an important goal of education is to help students learn how to learn." You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)温馨提示：2023年6月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是顺序不同，故听力部分不再重复列出Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.You might not know yourself as well as you think. According to a new study, people are ___26___ accurate judges of only some of their behaviors. While most previous studies on how well people know themselves have been done on long-term personality traits, this new study ___27___ how well people understand how they are acting from one moment to the next. Researchers asked participants to wear audio recorders that automatically ___28___ every 9.5 minutes between 7 a.m. and 2 a.m. to record 30 seconds of audio. These participants were then emailed surveys four times a day asking them to ___29___ how outgoing, agreeable, or conscientious they were during a particular hour of the day. The study used data from 248 participants, all of whom answered questions about their behavior for two ___30___ weeks and wore the audio device for one of those weeks.Six laboratory assistants rated each participant's audio clips to see how their observations compared with people's ___31___ of themselves. The six assistants were generally in agreement with one another about how the people they were observing acted. Further, participants' ratings of their own behaviors agreed with observers' for how outgoing and how conscientious they were being. But the agreement between participants and outside observers was much smaller for agreeableness. Some of this ___32___ could be because the observers used only audio clips, and thus could not read ___33___ like body language, but there are ___34___ other explanations, as people should be able to hear when a participant is being kind versus being rude. The weak agreement between how participants thought they were acting and what observers heard could be because people would rather ___35___ rude behavior.A) activated I) probesB) articulates J) randomC) assessment K) recallD) consecutive L) relativelyE) cues M) saturatedF) deny N) symptomsG) discrepancy O) terminateH) probablySection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by making the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why we need tiny collegesA) We're experiencing the rebirth of smallness. Farmers markets, tiny homes, and brew pubs all exemplifyour love of smallness. So do charter schools, coffee shops, and local bookstores. Small is often (but not always) more affordable, healthier, and sustainable, but its finest characteristic, the one that turns charm into love, is that going small allows us to be more fully who we are.B) In higher education the trend is mostly in the opposite direction: Universities with 20,000 or30,000students are considered "mid-sized". The nation's largest university, Arizona State University, has 80,000 students on campus and aims to enroll another 100,000 students online. At the other end of the spectrum is a handful of colleges that have fewer than a hundred students on campus and no online courses: colleges such as Sterling College, Thomas More College of Liberal Arts, and Deep Springs College. These colleges are so small that they can only be called "tiny."C) Tiny colleges focus not just on a young person's intellect, but on the young person as a whole. Equallyimportant, tiny colleges ask, "How can education contribute to human flourishing and the well-being of the world?" And they shape a college experience to address that question. They replace concerns about institutional growth with attention to the growth of students as fully developed participants in their communities.D) I've had the privilege of teaching at three different institutions of higher learning during my career-a smallliberal arts college and two mid-sized public universities. I've also been profoundly disappointed in each of these institutions, and in many of my colleagues, especially when it comes to helping students and preparing them for the many responsibilities of adulthood. Administrators focus on the business of running a university, and most faculty focus on their scholarship and teaching their discipline. Little deliberate attention is given to how students mature as individuals and social beings.E) Having just retired from teaching at a public university, I'm now returning to my hometown of Flagstaff,Arizona, to establish a tiny college—Flagstaff College. I'm convinced there's a need for another type of education, one devoted to helping students come into their own and into this beautiful and troubled world. Young people need an education that will provide them with meaning, hope, courage, and passion, as well as information and skills. Large institutions, I believe, are particularly ill-suited to this type of education.F) There's no "best of" list when it comes to tiny colleges, at least not yet. But around the country people arecreating new colleges that provide an alternative to small liberal arts colleges, large public universities, and online education.G) With only 26 students, Deep Springs is the smallest college in the country and, quite likely, the mostatypical (非典型的). Located on a working cattle ranch on the California-Nevada border, Deep Springsis a private, residential, two-year college for men, committed to educating students for "a life of service to humanity." Founded by the electricity tycoon (大亨) L.L. Nunn in 1917, Deep Springs "curriculum"revolves around academics, labor, and self-governance. In addition to their courses, students are charged with running the 155-acre ranch and overseeing the functioning of the college. Students chair both the admissions and the curriculum committees.H) "Living in close community with one's teachers and fellow students, and being forced to take on adultresponsibilities, makes for one's growth as a person," says William Hunt, who graduated last year. "To exist for very long in a community like that, you have to get over the question of whether you're sufficiently talented or principled and get started worrying about how you can stretch yourself and your peers, how much you can manage to learn with them."I) Sterling College, in Craftsbury Common, Vermont, is also very small-fewer than 100 students. UnlikeDeep Springs, Sterling focuses its curriculum on environmental and social justice issues, but like Deep Springs it places a high value on personal responsibility and manual labor. According to its catalog, a college education at Sterling combines "rigorous academics, roll-up-your-sleeves challenges, and good old hard work."J) The average tuition at a small liberal-arts college is $30,000 to $40,000 a year, not including the cost of living on campus, as compared to $8,000 to $10,000 a year for tuition alone at a public university. Of the tiny colleges, only Deep Springs doesn't charge tuition or room and board; students pay only for books and the cost of traveling to and from college. If tiny schools are to become a player on the higher education scene, they will need to find a way to be truly affordable.K) Doing so may not be that difficult so long as they do not pattern themselves too closely on existing norms. We've come to believe that a good college should have many academic programs and excellent facilities, posh (豪华的) dorms, an array of athletic programs, and a world-class student activity center.Imagine a good college without a climbing wall! We also have accepted the idea that college presidents, and their many vice-presidents, should be paid like their counterparts in the business world and that higher education requires an elaborate, up-to-date technology infrastructure. All of this drives up the cost of education.L) The "trick" to making tiny colleges affordable, if that's the right word, is simplicity. At its core, education is a human-to-human interaction. Reflecting on his own college education, President Garfield once commented that an ideal college would consist of nothing more than the legendary teacher Mark Hopkins on one end of a log and a student on the other. The economics of a tiny college, in other words, might be similar to that of a tiny house. Because it is small, a tiny house costs less to build and less to furnish, insure, and maintain. But the economic benefits of a small house don't end there. Tiny homes discourage homeowners from buying stuff that they really don't need, because there's no place to put it.M) I'm a late convert to the idea of tiny colleges, and I fully understand the need for many diverse types of educational institutions. Academic research and job training are important, but tiny colleges aren't suited for either. The educational needs of a complex society are themselves complex, and no single model can meet all of these needs. But I'm now convinced there's an educational need that's now going almost completely unmet: namely, the need to help young people transition into adulthood. Tiny colleges can do this better than any other type of educational institution.N) The ultimate justification for a tiny college is the conviction that each of us comes into our full humanity by close interaction with those who know and care for us, and that one of the basic purposes of higher education is social. Although we give lip service to the idea that a college education will make us better people, when all's said and done, we think of higher education primarily in economic terms. We've come to think of higher education as a means to make a living rather than make a life. We've also come to see higher education as a private good rather than a public one. Tiny colleges are not the answer to all of our educational requirements, but they're an answer to one of our most basic educational necessities; the needto produce thoughtful, engaged, and compassionate human beings.36. One tiny American college situated on a cattle farm is devoted to educating students to serve mankindthroughout their lives.37. Much to the author's disappointment, the three institutions of higher learning where she taught largelyignore students' growth as social beings.38. Tiny colleges must be made affordable in order to play a role in higher education.39. According to a recent graduate from a tiny college, living together with faculty and fellow students isconducive to a student's growth as a person.40. Rather than going small, most American universities are trying to go big.41. In a certain tiny college, rigorous academic work and traditional manual labor are integrated.42. Tiny colleges focus on educating students to become well-rounded citizens instead of seeking their ownexpansion.43. The essence of education lies in the interaction between people.44. After her retirement, the author has decided to set up a tiny college in her hometown.45. Tiny colleges are justified as it is believed that our growth into full humanity comes through interactionwith people near and dear to us.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.If you're someone who has turned to snacking on junk food more in the pandemic (大流行病), you're not alone. Investigative reporter Michael Moss says processed food is engineered to hook you, not unlike alcohol, cigarettes, or other harmful substances. His 2013 book, Salt Sugar Fat, explored food companies' aggressive marketing of those products and their impact on our health. In his new book, Hooked, Moss updates the food giants' efforts to keep us eating what they serve, and how they're responding to complaints from consumers and health advocates.Processed food is inexpensive, it's legal, and it's everywhere. Companies' advertising is cueing us to remember those products and we want those products constantly. So the food environment is one of those key things that makes food even more problematic for so many people. Memory, nostalgia (怀旧) in particular, plays a big role in the foods we crave. Soda companies discovered that if they put a soda in the hands of a child when they're at a ball game with their parents, that soda will forever be associated with that joyous moment. Later in life, when that child wants to experience a joyous moment, they're going to think of soda. Many people seek comfort in the snacks they remember from childhood.Moss examines the way companies capitalize on our memories, cravings and brain chemistry to keep us snacking.One of the reasons I came to think that some of these food products are even more powerful, more troublesome than drugs can be is memory. What we eat is all about memory. And we begin forming memories for food at a really early age. And we keep those memories for a lifetime. Knowing this, the food industry spends lots of time trying to shape the memories that we have for their products. One of the features of addiction that scientists studying drug addiction discovered back in the 1990s was that the faster a substance hits the brain, the more apt we are as a result to act impulsively. There's nothing faster than food in its ability to hit the brain. For Moss, this puts the notion of "fast food" in an entirely new light as this isn't limited to fast food chains-almost 90% of food products in grocery stores are processed foods. Everything in the industry is about speed, from manufacturing to packaging.Overall, Moss outlines the industry's dependence on making their products inexpensive, superdelicious, and incredibly convenient for consumers. Now that more and more people care about what they put in their bodies and are wanting to eat healthier, these companies are finding it really difficult to meet that new demand because of their own addiction to making these convenience foods.46. In what way does Michael Moss think processed food is comparable to alcohol and cigarettes?A) They are all addictive. C) They are all engineered to be enjoyed.B) They are all necessary evils. D) They are all in increasingly great demand.47. What does the author say plays a key role in the foods we crave?A) The food environment. C) Convenience.B) Aggressive marketing. D) Memory.48. What do food companies do to capitalize on consumers' association with their food products?A) They strive to influence how consumers remember their products.B) They attempt to use consumers' long-term memories to promote addiction.C) They try to exploit consumers' memories for their products as early as possible.D) They endeavor to find what consumers remember about their products.49. How does the food industry operate from manufacturing to packaging, according to Moss?A) Placing the idea of fast food in an entirely new light.B) Setting no limit to the number of fast food chains.C) Focusing on how quickly the work is done.D) Prioritizing the quality of their products.50. Why are companies finding it difficult to satisfy consumers' demand for healthier food products?A) They think speed of production outweighs consumers' health.B) They believe their industry would perish without fast foods.C) They have to strike a balance between taste and nutrition.D) They are hooked on manufacturing convenience foods.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Chimpanzees (黑猩猩), human beings' closest animal relatives, share up to 98% of our genes. Yet humans and chimpanzees lead very different lives. Fewer than 300,000 wild chimpanzees live in a few forested corners of Africa today, while humans have colonized every corner of the globe. At more than 7 billion, human population dwarfs that of nearly all other mammals—despite our physical weaknesses.What could account for our species' incredible evolutionary successes?One obvious answer is our big brains. It could be that our raw intelligence gave us an unprecedented ability to think outside the box, innovating solutions to thorny problems as people migrated across the globe.But a growing number of cognitive scientists and anthropologists (人类学家) are rejecting that explanation. They think that, rather than making our living as innovators, we survive and thrive precisely because we don't think for ourselves. Instead, people cope with challenging climates and ecological contexts by carefully copying others.In a famous study, psychologists Victoria Horner and Andrew Whiten showed two groups of test subjects-children and chimpanzees-a mechanical box with a treat inside. In one condition, the box was opaque, while in the other it was transparent. The experimenters demonstrated how to open the box to retrieve the treat, but they also included the irrelevant step of tapping on the box with a stick.Oddly, the children carefully copied all the steps to open the box, even when they could see that the stick had no practical effect. That is, they copied irrationally: Instead of doing only what was necessary to get their reward, children slavishly imitated every action they'd witnessed.Of course, that study only included three- and four-year-olds. But additional research has shown that older children and adults are even more likely to mindlessly copy others' actions, and infants are less likely to over-imitate—that is, to precisely copy even impractical actions.By contrast, chimpanzees in the study only over-imitated in the opaque condition. In the transparent condition-where they saw that the stick was mechanically useless-they ignored that step entirely. Other research has since supported these findings.When it comes to copying, chimpanzees are more rational than human children or adults.Where does the seemingly irrational human preference for over-imitation come from? Anthropologist Joseph Henrich points out that people around the world rely on technologies that are often so complex that no one can learn them rationally. Instead, people must learn them step by step, trusting in the wisdom of more experienced elders and peers.So the next time you hear someone arguing passionately that everyone should embrace nonconformity and avoid imitating others, you might laugh a little bit. We're not chimpanzees, after all.51. What might explain humans' having the largest population of almost all mammals?A) They are equipped with raw strength for solving the most challenging problems.B) They cope with the outside world more effectively than their animal relatives.C) They possess the most outstanding ability to think.D) They know how to survive everywhere on earth.52. What accounts for humans' evolutionary successes according to a growing number of cognitive scientists and anthropologists?A) They are better at innovating solutions.B) They thrive through creative strategies.C) They are naturally adaptive to ecological contexts.D) They meet challenges by imitating others carefully.53. What does the author think is odd about the findings of the study by Victoria Horner and Andrew Whiten?A) Children irrationally imitated every action of the experimenters.B) Chimpanzees could tell the transparent box from the opaque one.C) Chimpanzees could retrieve the treat more quickly than children did.D) Children omitted the step of tapping on the box with a stick to open it.54. What is anthropologist Joseph Henrich's explanation for the human preference for copying?A) It originates in the rationality of people around the world.B) It stems from the way people learn complex technologies.C) It results from people distrusting their own wisdom.D) It derives from the desire to acquire knowledge step by step.55. What point does the author want to emphasize when he says "We're not chimpanzees"?A) It is arguable whether everyone should avoid imitation.B) It is characteristic of human beings to copy others.C) It is desirable to trust in more knowledgeable peers.D) It is naive to laugh at someone embracing nonconformity.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.近年来,中国城市加快发展,城市人居环境得到显著改善。

2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)Section A1. W: Jim, you are on the net again! When are you going to get off? It's time for the talk show.M: Just a minute, dear! I'm looking at a new jewelry site. I want to make sure I get the right gift for mom's birthday.Q：What is the man doing right now?A．Surfing the net.B. Watching a talk show.C．Packing a birthday gift.D．Shopping at a jewelry store.2. W: I've never seen you have such confidence before an exam !M: It's more than confidence! Right now I feel that if I get less than an A, it will be the fault of the exam itself.Q：What does the man mean?A. He enjoys finding fault with exams.B．He is sure of his success in the exam.C．He doesn't know if he can do well in the exam.D．He used to get straight A's in the exams he took.3. W: Just look at this newspaper! Nothing but murder, death and war! Do you still believe people are basically good?M: Of course I do! But newspapers hardly ever report stories about peace and generosity. They are not news!Q: What do we learn from the conversation?A．The man is generous with his good comments on people.B．The woman is unsure if there will be peace in the world.C．The woman is doubtful about newspaper stories.D．The man is quite optimistic about human nature. 4. M: Tom must be joking when he said he plans to sell his shop and go to medical school.W: You are quite right! He's just kidding! He's also told me time and time again he wished he studied for some profession instead of going into business.Q：What will Tom probably do according to the conversation?A．Study for some profession.B．Attend a medical school.C．Stay in business.D．Sell his shop.5. W: I hear your boss has a real good impression of you, and he is thinking about giving you two more days off each month.M: I hope not. I'd rather get more work hours, so I can get enough bucks to help out my two kids at college.Q: What does the man truly want?A．More money.B．Fair treatment.C．A college education.D．Shorter work hours.6. M. I heard you took a trip to Mexico last month.How did you like it?W: Oh, I got sick and tired of hotels and hotel food! So now I understand the thing. East, west, home's best.Q: What does the woman mean?A．She was exhausted from her trip,B．She missed the comforts of home.C．She was impressed by Mexican food.D．She will not go to Mexico again.7 . W: I'm worried about Anna. She's really been depressed lately. All she does is staying in her room all day.M：That sounds serious! She'd better see a psychiatrist at the counseling centre.Q：What does the man suggest Anna do?A．Cheer herself up a bit.B．Find a more suitable job.C．Seek professional advice.D．Take a psychology course.8. M: I could hardly recognize Sam after he got that new job! He's always in a suit and tie now.W: Yeah. He was never like that at college. Back then, he went around in old T-shirts and jeans.Q: What do the speakers say about Sam?A．He dresses more formally now.B．What he wears does not match his position.C．He has ignored his friends since graduation.D．He failed to do well at college.Conversation OneM: Hi, Ann! Welcome back! How was your trip to the States?W: Very busy. (9)I had a lot of meetings, so, of course, I didn't have much time to see New York.M: What a pity! Actually, I have a trip there myself next week.W: Do you? (10)Then take my advice, do the well-being in the air program. It really works.M: Oh, I read about that in a magazine. You say it works?W: (10) Yes, I did the program on the flight to the States, and when I arrived in New York, I didn't have any problem, no jet lag, (飞行时差反应) at all. On the way back, I didn't do it, and I felt terrible.M: You're joking!W: Not at all. It really made a lot of difference.M: Er , so what did you do?W: (lL．Well, I didn't drink any alcohol or coffee, and I didn't eat any meat or rich food. I drank a lot of water, and fruit juice, and I ate the meals on the well-being menu. They're lighter. They have fish, vegetables, and noodles, for example. And I did some of the exercises in the program.M: Exercises? On a plane?W: Yes. I didn't do many, of course. There isn't much space on a plane.M: (12)How many passengers do the exercises?W: (12)Not man's.M: (12)Then how much champagne did they drink?W: (12)A lot! It was more popular than mineral water.M: So, basically, it's a choice. Mineral water and exercises, or champagne and jet lag.W: That's right! It's a difficult choice.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. Why did the woman go to New York?A．To go sightseeing.B．To have meetings.C．To promote a new champagne.D．To join in a training program.10. What does the woman say about the well-being in the air program?A．It can reduce the number of passenger complaints.B．It can make air travel more entertaining.C．It can cut down the expensds for air travel.D．It can lessen the discomfort caused by air travel.11. What did the woman do to follow the well-being menu?A．Took balanced meals with champagne.B．Ate vegetables and fruit only.C．Refrained from fish or meat.D．Avoided eating rich food.12. What did the woman say about other passengers?A．Many of them found it difficult to exercise on a plane.B．Many of them were concerned with their well-being.C．Not many of them chose to do what she did.D．Not many of them understood the program.Conversation Twow: Morning. Can I help you?M: Well, I'm not really sure. I'm just looking.W: I see. Well, there's plenty to look at again this year. I'm sure you'd have to walk miles to see each stand.M: That's true.W: Mr, would you like a coffee? Come and sit down for a minute, no obligation. M: Well, that's very kind of you, but...W: Now, please. (13)Is this the first year you've been to the fair, Mr... ?M: Yes, Johnson, James Johnson.W: My name's Susan Carter. Are you looking for anything in particular, or are you just interested in computers in general?M: Well, actually, I have some specific jobs in mind. I own a small company, and we've grown quitedramatically over the past 12 months, and we really need some technological help to enable us to keep ontop of everything.W: What's your line of business, Mr. Johnson?M: (15)We're a training consultancy.W: I see. And what do you need "to keep on top"?M: The first thing is correspondence. We have a lot of standard letters and forms.(14)So I suppose we need some kind of word processor.W: Right. Well, that's no problem. (14)But it may be possible for you to get a system that does a lot of other things in addition to word processing. What might suit you is the MR5000. That's it over there! It's IBM compatible.M: (14)What about the price?W: (14)Well, the MRS000 costs1050. Software comes free with the hardware. M: Well, I'll think about it. Thank you.W: Here's my card. Please feel free to contact me. Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. Where did the conversation take place?A．At a fair.B．At a cafeteria.C．In a computer lab.D．In a shopping mall.14. What are the speakers talking about?A．The latest computer technology.B．The organizing of an exhibition.C．The purchasing of some equipment.D．The dramatic changes in the job market.15. What is the man's line of business?A．Data collection.B．Training consultancy.C．Corporate management.D．Information processing.Section BPassage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.The new year always brings with it a cultural tradition of new possibilities. (16)We see it as a chance for renewal. We begin to dream of new possible selves. We design our ideal self or an image that is quite different from what we are now. For some of us, we roll that dreamy film in our heads just because it's the beginning of a new year. But we are serious about making changes. We just make some half-hearted resolution and it evaporates after a week or two. The experience makes us feel less successful and leads us to discount our ability to change in the future. (17)It's not that change is impossible but that it won't last unless our resolutions are supported with plans for implementation. We have to make our intentions manageable by detailing the specific steps that will carry us to our goal. Say your goal is to lose weight by dieting and cutting off sweets. But one night youjust have to have a cookie. And you know there's a bag of your favorites in the cupboard. You want one, you eat two, you check the bag and find out you've just shot 132 calories. You say to yourself, "What the hell!" and polish off (飞快地吃完) the whole bag. Then you begin to draw all kinds of unpleasant conclusions about yourself. To protect your sense of self, you begin to discount the goal. You may think--"Well, dieting wasn't that important to me and I won't make it anyhow."(18)So you abandon the goal and return to your bad habits.16. What do people usually wish to do at the beginning of a new year? A．Improve themselves.B．Get rid of empty dreams.C．Follow the cultural tradition.D．Attempt something impossible.17. How can people turn their new year's resolutions into reality?A．By finding sufficient support for implementation.B．By taking into account their own ability to change.C．By constantly keeping in mind their ultimate goals.D．By making detailed plans and carrying them out.18. Why does the speaker mention the example of sweets and cookies?A．To show people how to get their lives back to normal.B．To show how difficult it is for people to lose weight.C．To remind people to check the calories on food bags.D．To illustrate how easily people abandon their goals.Passage TwoTwenty five years ago, Ray Anderson, a single parent with a one-year-old son witnessed a terrible accident which took place when the driver of a truck ran a red light and collided with the car of Sandra Jenkins. The impact of the collision killed Sandra instantly. But her three-month-old daughter was left trapped in the burning car. While others looked on in horror, Anderson jumped out of his vehicle and crawled into the car through the shattered rear window to try to free the infant. Seconds later, the car was enclosed in flames. But to everyone's amazement, (20)Anderson was able to pull the baby to safety. While the baby was all right, Anderson was seriously injured. Two days later he died. But his heroic act was published widely in the media. His son was soon adopted by relatives. The most remarkable part of the story unfolded only last week. Karen and her boyfriend Michael were looking through some old boxes when they came across some old newspaper clippings. "This is me when I was a new born baby. I was rescued from a burning car. But my mother died in the accident," explained Karen. Although Michael knew Karen's mother had died years earlier, he never fully understood the circumstances until he skimmed over the newspaper article. To Karen's surprise, Michael was absorbed in the details of the accident. (21)And he began to cry uncontrollably. Then he revealed that the man that pulled Karen from the flames was the father he never knew. The two embraced and shed many tears, recounting stories told to them about their parents.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What happened 25 years ago?A．Michael's parents got divorced.B．Karen was adopted by Ray Anderson.C．Karen's mother died in a car accident.D．A truck driver lost his life in a collision.20. What does the speaker say about Michael's father?A．He ran a red light and collided with a truck.B．He sacrificed his life to save a baby girl.C．He was killed instantly in a burning car.D．He got married to Karen's mother.21. Why did Michael cry uncontrollably when he skimmed over the newspaper article?A．The reported hero turned to be his father.B．He did not understand his father till too late.C．Such misfortune should have fallen on him.D．It reminded him of his miserable childhood.Passage ThreeAmericans suffer from an overdose of work. Regardless of who they are or what they do, Americans spend more time at work than at any time since World War II.(22)In 1950, the US had fewer working hours than any other industrialized countries. Today, it exceeds every country but Japan where industrial employees log 2155 hours a year compared with 1951 in the US and 1603 in the former West Germany. Between 1969 and 1989, employed Americans added an average of 138 hours to their yearly work schedules. (23)The workweek has remained at about 40 hours. But people are working more weeks each year. Specifically, pay-time-off holidays, vacations, sick leave shrank by 50% in the 1980s. (24)As corporations have experienced stiff (严酷的) competition and slower growth in productivity, they have pressed employees to work longer. Cost-cutting lay-offs in the 1980s reduced the professional and managerial ranks, leaving fewer people to get the job done. In lower paid occupations where wages have been reduced, workers have added hours in overtime or extra jobs to preserve their living standards. The government estimates that more than seven million people hold a second job.(25)For the first time, large numbers of people say they want to cut back (削减) on working hours even if it means earning less money. But most employers are unwilling to let them do so. The government, which has stepped back from its traditional role as a regulator of work time, should take steps to make shorter hours possible.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. In which country do industrial employees work the longest hours? A．Germany.B．Japan.C．The US.D．The UK.23. How do employed Americans manage to work more hours?A．By doing odd jobs at weekends.B．By working long hours every day.C．By putting in more hours each week. D．By taking shorter vacations each year.24. Why do corporations press their employees to work longer hours according to the speaker?A．To combat competition and raise productivity.B．To provide them with more job opportunities.C．To help them maintain their living standard.D．To prevent them from holding a second job.25. What does the speaker say many Americans prefer to do?A．Change their jobs.B．Earn more money.C．Reduce their working hours.D．Strengthen the government's role.Section CNursing, as a typically female profession, must deal constantly with the false impression that nurses arethere to wait on the physician. As nurses, we are 261icensed to provide nursing care only. We do not have any legal or moral 27 obligation to any physician. We provide health teaching, assess physical as well as emotional problems,28 coordinate patient-related services, and make all of our nursing decisions based upon what is best or suitable for the patient. If, in any circumstance, we feel that a physician's order is inappropriate or unsafe, we have a legal 29 responsibility to question that order or refuse to carry it out.Nursing is not a nine-to-five job with every weekend off. All nurses are aware of that before they enterthe profession. The emotional and 30 physica l stress, however, that occurs due to odd working hours is a 31 prime reason for a lot of the career dissatisfaction. It is sometimes required that we work overtime, andthat we change shifts four or five times a month. That disturbs our personal lives,32 disrupts our sleeping and eating habits, and isolates us from everything except job-related friends and activities.The quality of nursing care is 33 being affected dramatically by thesesituations. Most hospitals are now staffed by new graduates, as experienced nurses finally give up trying to change the system. Consumers of 34 medically related services have evidently not been affected enough yet to demand changes 35 in our medical system . But if trends continue as predicted, they will find that most critical hospital care will be provided by new, inexperienced, and sometimes inadequately trained nurses.。

6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第3套仔细阅读6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第3套认真阅读Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 20xx. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census's measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare.While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by across-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economicwelfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 20xx. In 20xx, as the authors observe: real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France's consumption with the U.S.'s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%. The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-20xxs, the U.S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 20xx, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly. Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated-for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. 46.What does the author think of the 20xx report by the Census Bureau?A.It is based on questionable statistics.B.It reflects the economic changes.C.It evidences the improved-welfare.D.Itprovides much food for thought.47.What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?A.It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.B.It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people's livelihood.C.It focuses on people's consumption rather than their average income.D.It is a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being. 48.What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. in terms of real consumption per person? A.It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies. B.It neglected many important indicators of people's welfare. C.It covered up the differences between individual citizens. D.It failed to count in their difference in natural resources. 49.What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method? A.It can accurately pinpoint a country's current economic problems.B.It can help to raise people's awareness of their economic well-being.C.It can diagnose the causes of a country's slowing pace of economic improvement.D.It can compare a country's economic conditions between different periods of time. 50.What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being? A.It is much better than that of their European counterparts. B.It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century. C.It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau. D.It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-20xxs. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. If you've ever started a sentence with, "If I were you...." or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony overa decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。