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生态环境学报 2009, 18(4): 1508-1515 Ecology and Environmental Sciences E-mail: editor@基金项目：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目（2007CB109307）；国家科技支撑计划项目（2006BAD10B01）；中国科学院沈阳应用生态所陆地生态过程重点实验室基金项目；农业部国家公益性行业科研专项计划项目（2007-3）作者简介：张丽莉（1977年生），女，助理研究员，博士研究生，研究方向为新型肥料与土壤生物学特性。
E-mail: zhanglilisy@ *通讯作者：E-mail: wuzhijiesy@ 收稿日期：2009-07-02双氰胺与尿素共包被对NH 4+硝化及NO 3-淋溶的影响张丽莉1,2，武志杰1*，陈利军1，张海军3，张玉兰1，陈振华1,21. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，辽宁 沈阳 110016；2. 中国科学院研究生院，北京 100039；3. 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，辽宁 大连 116023摘要：通过研究硝化抑制剂双氰铵（DCD ）和尿素共同包被后（此肥料简称CUD ）二者在土壤中的溶出行为及硝化作用和NO 3-淋溶的变化情况，探讨此类肥料减缓硝化作用和NO 3-淋溶的机理，为此类肥料的开发和农业应用提供一定的理论依据。
采用室内摸拟培养的方法开展：（1）CUD 中尿素和DCD 在土壤中的溶出行为。
（2）尿素、DCD 涂层尿素、包膜型尿素、CUD 中N 的硝化速率；采用土柱淋溶模拟方法研究尿素、DCD 涂层尿素、包膜型尿素、CUD 在土壤中转化后的NO 3-的淋溶。
CUD 中尿素和DCD 的溶出高峰期不同步，但包膜可减缓DCD 的淋失。
CUD 中DCD 具有良好的硝化抑制效果，培养后期土壤中具有较高的NH 4+-N 含量，改变培养期间NH 4+-N 和NO 3--N 的供应比率。
相对于其它处理，施用CUD 土壤较晚出现NO 3-的大量淋失，且总体淋失量小于其它处理。
ABSTRACT【Objective】Nitrate is a dominant form of N in arid soil. Employing nitrification inhibitors is very conventional way to inhibit soil nitrification rate and control soil NH4+/NO3- supply ratio as well as improve N fertilizer use efficiency. In the present research, incubation and pot experiments were conducted to compare nitrification rate dose-dependent effects of 3 different types nitrification inhibitors on sandy, loamy and clayey soils condition. The aim of this paper is to find out the nitrification inhibitor reasonable amendment dosages, the biological effects of different nitrification inhibitors on pakchoi plant growth, nitrogen nutritional status. Furthermore, the response of soil key enzymes and soil microorganism communities which involved in soil nitrogen transformation was also studied by means of enzymological as well as soil microbial molecular method in this study. All knowledge about our research work is helpful to make further understand nitrification inhibitor occurred mechanisms and its biological effect in soil-plant system, meanwhile. Also, our research result will provide fundamental theoretical support for optimum soil NH4+/ NO3- supply ratio and NI extend application under drip irrigation condition in Xinjiang.【Method】This study compared the effects of 3 different types nitrification inhibitors in 3 soils with different soil textures in Xinjiang by using laboratory simulation test to understand the impacts of different types and doses of nitrification inhibitors on soil inorganic nitrogen transformation (NH4+, NO3-) and on soil nitrification process and the rate of apparent soil nitrification, and select out the suitable nitrification inhibitor for different soil textures and the right dosage applied. Meanwhile, the optimum dosages of different nitrification inhibitors biological effect of on pakchoi plant were compared in pot experiments. Soil enzymological method and soil microbial m olecular method(DNA-PCR-DGGE) was employed to measure soil biological reactions on different nitrification inhibitors.【Result】1) DCD exerted significant inhibitory effects on nitrification on all three types of soil texture tested(i.e. sandy, loamy and clayey soil). For instance, nitrification inhibition rates ranged from 96.5% to 99.3% on the loamy soil, from 34.0% to 85.6% on clayey soil and from 49.3% to 79.4% on the loamy soil. Among the three types of soil texture, the rates of nitrification inhibition by DCD were in the order of sandy soil > clayey soil > loamy soil. Soil nitrate concentration merely increased by 1.9～10.7 mg·kg-1 with DCD application rates elevated from 1% to 7%, indicating that DCD has no obvious dose effect on the sandy soil. However, soil nitrate concentration decreased sharply with increasing supply levels of DCD, and marked dose effect was observed on the loamy and clayey soils. Soil nitrification could be significantly inhibited through application of DCD on calcareous soils and the optimal recommended DCD application rates based on pure N were 6%, 7% and 7% on sandy, clayey and loamy soil, respectively.2) DMPP exerted significant nitrification effects on all three types of soil texture (i.e. sandy, loamy and clayey soil). For instance, nitrification inhibition rates ranged from 96.2% to 99.7% on the sandy soil. Among the three types of soil texture, the rates of nitrification inhibition by DMPP were in the order ofsandy soil > loamy soil > clayey soil. Nitrification inhibition of different doses of DMPP is significantly different, for example, nitrification inhibition rate on the sandy soil was more than 99% except for the treatments with 3%, 3.5% and 6% DMPP added. The highest nitrification inhibition rates were found in the treatments with 2% and 3% DMPP added in loamy soil, and in the treatments with 3.5%, 4% and 5% DMPP added in the clayey soil.3) Nitrapyrin (Type 1) exerted significant nitrification effects on all three types of soil texture. Nitrification inhibition rates ranged from 98.9% to 99.9% in the sandy soil, from 41.7% to 99.6% in the loamy soil, from 48.2% to 81.7% in the clayey s oil. Among the three types of soil texture, the rates of nitrification inhibition by Type 1 were in the order of sandy soil > loamy soil> clayey soil. Type 1 nitrification inhibitor had no obvious dose effect on the sandy soil. However, soil nitrate concentration decreased sharply with increasing supply levels of Type 1, and marked dose effect was observed on the loamy and clayey soils. From our study, it can be concluded that soil nitrification could be significantly inhibited through application of Type 1 on calcareous soils and the optimal doses recommended for Type 1 were 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.3% (based on amount of Urea)on the sandy, clayey and loamy soil, respectively.4) Nitrapyrin (Type 2) exerted significant nitrification effects on all three types of s oil texture. Nitrification inhibition rates ranged from 97.9% to 99.7% in the sandy soil, 40.2% to 95.5% in the loamy soil, and 38.9% to 92.2% in the clayey soil. Among the three types of soil texture, the rates of nitrification inhibition by Type 2 were in the order of sandy soil > loamy soil> clayey soil. Type 2 nitrification inhibitor had no obvious dose effect on the sandy soil. However, soil nitrate concentration decreased sharply with increasing supply levels of Type 2, and marked dose effect was observed on the loamy and clayey soils. From our study, it can be concluded that soil nitrification could be significantly inhibited through application of Type 2 on calcareous soils and the optimal Type 2 doses recommended were 0.1%, 0.4% and 0.45% (based on amount of Urea)on the sandy, clayey and loamy soil, respectively.5) There was no significant inhibitory effect on nitrification on the sandy soil between any two of the 4 kinds of nitrification inhibitors tested (7% DCD, 1% DMPP, 0.25%Type 1, and 0.1% Type 2). The effect of nitrification inhibitors was in the order of 0.5% Type 1 > 1% DMPP > 0.4% Type 2 > 7% DCD in the loamy soil and 1% DMPP > 0.45% Type 2 > 7% DCD > 0.3% Type 1 in the clayey soil.6) The p rocess of soil NH4+ transferred into NO3- was significantly inhibited, and the nitrificationinhibitory effect was in the order of DMPP > Nitrapyrin > DCD based on the application rate recommended, no matter the N fertilizer applied is urea or ammonia sulphate,7) Application of nitrification inhibitors could improve the activities of soil catalase, protease, nitrate reductase, hydroxyl proposed reductase, amine reduction enzyme and reduce the activity of soil urease. The microbial structural diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea amoA affected by application of nitrification inhibitors.8) Compared with Urea or ammonia sulphate, application of nitrification inhibitors with N fertilizers could increase the yield and quality of pakchoi, improve root activity and leaf SPAD value, but reducenitrate content in leaves and leafstalks.For example, at the early stage (15 days) nitrate content in leaves of packoi was 10.8%, 17.8% and 1.6% lower in treatments with Urea+DCD, Urea+DMPP and Urea+Nitrapyrin than in the treatment with equal amount of Urea o nly, compared to 3.7%, 14.3% and 1.0% in nitrate content of leafstalk. Nitrate content in leaves of packoi was 11.2%, 22.6% and 8.9% lower in the treatments with ASN (ammonia sulphate)+DCD, ASN+DMPP and ASN+Nitrapyrin than in the treatment with equal amount of ammonia sulphate only, compared to 24.0%, 22.6%, 14.8% in leafstalk. Compared with Urea, the yield and biomass dry weight of packoi plant significantly enhanced with nitrification inhibitors (DCD, DMPP and Nitrapyrin) application treatment.【Conclusion】1) Application of nitrification inhibitors (DCD, DMPP and Nitrapyrin) could inhibit nitrification in soil. Among the three types of soil texture, the effect s of nitrification inhibition by DCD were in the order of sandy soil > clayey soil > loamy soil, when that were sandy soil > loamy soil> clayey soil by Nitrapyrin and DMPP. The effect s of nitrification inhibition by different types of NI were DCD < Nitrapyrin<DMPP in the same does.2) Within the NI concentration range of 1%～7% for DCD(based on pure N) and of 0.1%～0.5% for nitrapyrin (based on amount of Urea), a marked nitrification inhabitation dosage effect was observed on the loamy and clayey soil. DMPP application rates elevated from 1% to 7%, indicating that D MPP has no obvious dose effect on the three types of soil texture. There has marked dose effect on loamy and clayey soil only in low application rates of Nitrapyrin (Type 1, 0.1% to 0.25%), when there has no obvious dose effect on high rates (higher than 0.25%). From our study, it can be concluded that the optimal doses recommended for Nitrapyrin (Type 1) were 0.25% (based on amount of Urea).- content in3) Application of nitrification inhibitors (DCD, DMPP and Nitrapyrin) could reduce NO3leaves and leafstalks, but increase the yield and quality of pakchoi, improve root activity and leaf SPAD value.4)Application of nitrification inhibitors could significantly affect the enzyme activity of soil nitrogen transformation and the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea community structure and genetic diversity.Keywords: Nitrapyrin; Nitrate; Ammonium; Nitrification inhibition rate; Nitrification Inhibitor; Nitrification缩略词及符号简写中文名称备注TTC 2, 3, 5-三苯基四唑氯化物2, 3, 5 - triphenyl tetrazolium chloride AOA 氨氧化古菌Ammonia oxidation archaeaAOB 氨氧化细菌Ammonia oxidation bacterialDCD 双氰胺DicyandiamideDMPP 3, 4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate ASN 硫酸铵Ammonium sulphateDMPZP 3, 5-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐3, 5-dimethylpyrazole phosphate PCR 聚合酶链式反应Polymerase chain reactionDGGE 变性梯度凝胶电泳Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis NI 硝化抑制剂Nitrification Inhibitor石河子大学学位论文独创性声明及使用授权声明学位论文独创性声明本人所呈交的学位论文是在我导师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。
硝化抑制剂双氰胺施用对水稻产量和温室气体排放的影响陈云;孟轶;翁文安;陈雨琼;张洪程;廖萍
【期刊名称】《中国稻米》
【年(卷),期】2024(30)1
【摘要】为探究施用硝化抑制剂双氰胺对水稻产量和温室气体排放的影响,以常规粳稻品种南粳9108为供试材料进行盆栽试验,设置常规氮肥(CK)和常规氮肥配施硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)2个处理。
采用静态箱-气相色谱法连续监测稻田温室气体排放动态变化。
结果表明,与CK相比,DCD显著提高了水稻产量(15.1%)和地上部生物量(28.4%),并且显著降低了稻田甲烷(CH_(4))累积排放量(22.2%)、氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)累积排放量(56.0%)、综合温室效应(GWP)(24.4%)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI)(31.7%)。
可见,常规氮肥配施硝化抑制剂双氰胺可以协同实现水稻丰产和稻田温室气体减排。
【总页数】5页(P26-29)
【作者】陈云;孟轶;翁文安;陈雨琼;张洪程;廖萍
【作者单位】江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学农学院/扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】S511.062
【相关文献】
1.双氰胺对农田温室气体CH4和N2O排放的影响综述
2.双氰胺和氢醌添加对堆肥温室气体排放的影响
3.根区施用硝化抑制剂DMPP对不同栽培方式下黄瓜产量及根区温室气体排放的影响
4.双氰胺、氢醌与含磷添加剂联合使用对堆肥温室气体排放的影响
5.生物炭和双氰胺对设施蔬菜土壤温室气体排放的影响
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潮土和砂姜黑土中双氰胺的硝化抑制作用比较曹宏磊;颜廷梅;乔俊;朱宁远【摘要】通过人工气候箱培养试验,研究硝化抑制剂双氰胺(dicyandiamide,DCD)在淮河流域2种主要土壤类型(潮土、砂姜黑土)上的施用效果.通过测定硝态氮和铵态氮含量的相对变化阐明潮土和砂姜黑土中尿素的转化过程,并通过计算硝化抑制率阐明不同DCD添加量条件下硝化抑制强度的变化规律,从而确定不同土壤类型较适宜的DCD添加量.结果表明,潮土和砂姜黑土中添加DCD均能有效缓解铵态氮的硝化作用,且硝化抑制效果随着DCD添加量的增加(2％～10％)而增强.DCD对潮土的最高硝化抑制率可达58.9％,对砂姜黑土的硝化抑制作用较潮土弱,最高硝化抑制率仅为27.4％,且与8％DCD添加量处理之间差异未达显著水平(P＜0.05).潮土在室内培养42 d后w(铵态氮)仍达14.4 mg·kg-1,而砂姜黑土培养7d后硝化抑制效果迅速下降,培养21 d时几乎检测不到铵态氮,这表明潮土中DCD与尿素配施可有效延长尿素的肥效,而砂姜黑土中DCD与尿素配施效果较差.【期刊名称】《生态与农村环境学报》【年(卷),期】2016(032)001【总页数】5页(P110-114)【关键词】双氰胺;潮土;砂姜黑土;铵态氮;硝态氮;硝化抑制率【作者】曹宏磊;颜廷梅;乔俊;朱宁远【作者单位】中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008;中国科学院大学,北京100049;中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008;中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008;中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008;中国科学院大学,北京100049【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S143.1+6;S19我国是世界氮肥生产第1大国,也是氮肥消费最多的国家[1-2]。
在所有氮肥品种中,尿素使用占我国农业氮肥使用总量的一半以上[3]。
与此同时,尿素在使用过程中存在的问题也日渐突出:利用率低,肥效期短等[2,4]。
硝化抑制剂对不同氮肥运筹下棉田土壤及棉株功能叶片氮素积
累的影响
董海荣;李金才;李存东
【期刊名称】《棉花学报》
【年(卷),期】2009(021)001
【摘要】通过在棉田中施用硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)实现棉花增铵营养的途径,来改变传统棉田氮肥运筹途径和营养状况,同时考察了由此导致的棉田土壤和棉株功能叶片中氮素变化动态.结果表明:2%DCD的施用促进了棉株对氨基态氮的吸收而抑制棉株对硝态氮的吸收;同时也减少了棉田土壤中残留全氮含量、维持了土壤较高的氨基态氮含量.提高了氮肥吸收利用效率、节约了氮肥资源.进一步表明棉田中施用增铵营养在生理和生态上具有重要的意义.
【总页数】6页(P51-56)
【作者】董海荣;李金才;李存东
【作者单位】河北农业大学,河北保定071001;河北农业大学,河北保定071001;河北农业大学,河北保定071001
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】S562.01
【相关文献】
1.氮肥运筹对高产冬小麦产量、氮素积累及土壤无机氮残留的影响 [J], 王宜伦;张许;张秀艳;任丽;韩燕来;谭金芳
2.连作对棉株干物质积累、分配及功能叶片生理特征的影响 [J], 王曌;刘连涛;孙红春;张永江;李存东
3.不同土壤肥力条件下麦秆还田与氮肥运筹对杂交稻氮素利用、产量及米质的影响[J], 严奉君;孙永健;马均;徐徽;李玥;代邹;杨志远
4.不同施氮措施配合硝化抑制剂对滴灌棉田土壤NH3挥发和N2O排放的影响 [J], 廖欢;王方斌;刘凯;殷星;侯振安
5.脲酶-硝化抑制剂缓释肥对不同土壤氮素释放特性及黄瓜NPK吸收利用的影响[J], 赵婉伊;徐卫红;王崇力;王卫中;陈永勤;迟荪琳;陈序根;秦余丽;王正银
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3种硝化抑制剂对小麦幼苗生长毒性的比较奉小忧;曾清如;皮荷杰;王文;孙毓临;张伟华;廖建宇【期刊名称】《生态毒理学报》【年(卷),期】2010(005)002【摘要】在土壤(山西土)中加入不同种类、不同浓度的硝化抑制剂(氢醌、硫脲、双氰胺),研究了其对小麦发芽势、发芽率和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:双氰胺对小麦发芽势和发芽率的抑制作用不明显,硫脲对小麦发芽势和发芽率有一定的抑制作用,而氢醌对小麦发芽势和发芽率抑制明显;双氰胺和氢醌对小麦幼苗生长的影响不大,而硫脲能显著降低小麦幼苗的根长、茎长、根重和茎重;双氰胺对小麦种子和幼苗毒性相对较小,硫脲毒性相对较大,小麦的根重、茎重和根伸长可以作为硫脲对小麦危害的敏感指标.【总页数】6页(P268-273)【作者】奉小忧;曾清如;皮荷杰;王文;孙毓临;张伟华;廖建宇【作者单位】湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙,410128;湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙,410128;湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙,410128;湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙,410128;湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙,410128;湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙,410128;湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙,410128【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S143.1+6;S512.1【相关文献】1.重金属复合污染对小麦幼苗生长的毒性效应 [J], 孟庆俊;袁训珂;冯启言;肖昕;丁苏建2.1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑三氟乙酸盐对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的毒性 [J], 洪霞;薛永来;戴志聪;朱雨浓;韩志英;杜道林3.3种毒性预测模型在镉对小麦根毒性预测中的应用及比较 [J], 郑琰;顾雪元;姜洋;徐坚;陈良燕;王晓蓉4.苯对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的毒性作用 [J], 胡变芳;杨博雯;郝辉芳;张谨华;马燕5.柴油污染土壤对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的生态毒性效应 [J], 宋雪英;宋玉芳;孙铁珩;李昕馨;张薇;周启星因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
