2014年泄露天机--高考信息卷(四)
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2014年各省市信息卷精选答案理综 精选一物理参考答案14、C 15、C 16、D 17、C 18、B 19、BC 20、AC 21、ABC 22. (1) BD (2分)(2) 平衡摩擦 ;(2分)不挂砂桶时,小车在倾斜的木板上是否匀速.(2分) (3) 总质量的倒数 .(2分)23. (1)110 (1分) (2)如图 (3分)(3)I a I 0I a -I 0·R 2R +R 0(3分)24、(14分)(1)(6分) 在最高点N F mg =由牛顿第二定律得: 2DN v F mg m R+= (2分)/D v s= 从B 到D 点,机械能守恒: 2211222B D mv mv mg R =+ ( 3分)/B v s == ( 1分)(2) (4分)过D 点后作平抛运动 2122R g t =, ( 2分)0.4t s ==0.x v t m == ( 2分) (3)(5分)A 到D,由动能定理: 2122Fs mgl mg R mv μ--=( 4分) F=8N ( 1分 )25.(1)22022md v qL (2)024mv dqL【解析】(1)分析知,粒子的运动轨迹如图所示,粒子在电场中运动的时间为t =Lv (1分) 加速度为a =qUmd(1分) 偏转位移为y =12at 2=2202qUL mdv (2分) 由题意知y =d得U =22022md v qL .(1分)(2)由=2yv d t (2分) 得粒子离开电场时的竖直分速度为v y =2dv L(2分) 速度大小为v(2分)设速度方向和PQ 所在直线的夹角为θ, sin θ=y v v(1分)粒子在磁场中的运动半径为R =2sin Lθ(2分)由qBv =m 2v R(2分)得R =mv qB(1分)B =024mv dqL(1分) 33.(1)CDE(选对1个得2分,选对2个得4分.选对3个得5分;每选错1个扣3分,最低得分为0分).(2)①对右管中的气体:p 0L 0S=p(L 0-2h∆)S, p=78cmHg (3分) ②插入水银槽后左管:p’=p+h ∆=80cmHg (1分) pLS=p’L’S (3分)L’=cm p Lp 38'0= (1分) h=L+2h∆-L’+h 1=7cm ( 2分) 34.【物理—选修3-4】(15分) (1)负(1分)、 5(2分)、 -0.05(2分) (2)(10分)①解:光在棱镜中传播的速率5.11038⨯==n c v =2×108m/s (2分)②由折射率 rin s i n s i n =(2分) 得AB 面上的折射角 r=30°(2分)由几何关系得,BC 面上的入射角 θ=45°(2分) 全反射临界角C=arcsin︒<451n,光在BC 面上发生全反射,光路如图所示。
泄露天机--高考信息卷英语(四)泄露天机—2014高考信息卷(四)考试时间120分钟,满分150分。
第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)1. What do we learn about the man?A. He slept well on the plane.B. He had a long trip.C. He had a meeting.2. Why will the woman stay home in the evening?A. To wait for a call.B. To watch a ball game on TV.C. To have dinner with a friend.3. What gift will the woman probably get for Mary?A. A schoolbag.B. A record.C. A theatre ticket.4. What does the man mainly do in his spare time?A. Learn a language.B. Do some sports.C. Play the piano.5. What did the woman like doing when she was young?A. Riding a bicycle with friends.B. Travelling the country.C. Reading alone.第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22. 5分)听第6段材料,回答第6至8题。
6. Where are the speakers?A. In a classroom.B. In a theatre.C. In an office.7. Why does the man plan to leave early?A. He is going on vacation.B. He is going to a show.C. He is going to the post office.8. What does the woman offer to do?A. Clean the office.B. Pick up the man’s son.C. Finish the man’s work.听第7段材料,回答第9至11题。
《当代中学生报》2014年高考泄露天机数学一、选择题1.已知集合{}{}22,0,1(2)xM y y x N x y g x x ==>==-,则M N 为( ).(A )(1,2) (B )),1(+∞ (C )),2[+∞ (D )),1[+∞1.A {}{}2,01xM y y x y y ==>=>,{}{}21(2)02N x y g x x x x ==-=<<,则{}{}{}10212MN y y x x x x =><<=<<.2.设i 是虚数单位,若复数z 满足32zi i =-,则z =( ).(A )32z i =+ (B )23z i =- (C )23z i =-- (D )23z i =-+ 2.C 232(32)3232231i i i i zi i z i i i --+=-⇒====---. 3.命题“对任意x R ∈,均有2250x x ≤-+”的否定为( ).(A )对任意x R ∈,均有2250x x ≥-+ (B )对任意x R ∉,均有2250x x ≤-+ (C )存在x R ∈,使得2250x x >-+ (D )存在x R ∉,使得2250x x >-+ 3.C 因为全称命题的否定为特称命题,所以“对任意x R ∈,均有2250x x ≤-+”的否定为“存在x R ∈,使得2250x x >-+”.4.甲校有3600名学生,乙校有5400名学生,丙校有1800名学生,为统计三校学生某方面的情况,计划采用分层抽样法抽取一个容量为90人的样本,则应在这三校分别抽取学生( ).(A )30人,30人,30人 (B )30人,50人,10人 (C )20人,30人,40人 (D )30人,45人,15人4. D 因为三所学校共10800180054003600=++名学生,从中抽取一个容量为90人的样本,则抽取的比例为:12011080090=,所以在甲校抽取学生数为3012013600=⨯名,在乙校抽取学生数为4512015400=⨯名,在丙校抽取学生为1512011800=⨯名. 5.函数sin ln sin x x y x x -⎛⎫=⎪+⎝⎭的图象大致是( )5.A 因为()()sin()sin sin ln ln ln sin()sin sin x x x x x x f x f x x x x x x x ⎛⎫----+-⎛⎫⎛⎫-====⎪ ⎪ ⎪-+---+⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,所以函数()y f x =是偶函数,其图象关y 于轴对称应排除B 、D ; 又因为当0,2x π⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时,0sin x x << ,sin 01sin x x x x -<<+,sin ln 0sin x xx x-<+ ,所以选A.6.设函数())cos(2)f x x x ϕϕ=+++(||)2πϕ<,且其图象关于直线0x =对称,则( ).(A )()y f x =的最小正周期为π,且在(0,)2π上为增函数 (B )()y f x =的最小正周期为π,且在(0,)2π上为减函数(C )()y f x =的最小正周期为2π,且在(0,)4π上为增函数 (D )()y f x =的最小正周期为2π,且在(0,)4π上为减函数6.B ())cos(2)f x x x ϕϕ+++2sin(2)6x πϕ=++,∵函数的图象关于直线0x =对称,∴函数()f x 为偶函数,∴3πϕ=,∴()2cos 2f x x =,∴22T ππ==, ∵02x π<<,∴02x π<<,∴函数()f x 在(0,)2π上为减函数.7. 已知一个三棱柱,其底面是正三角形,且侧棱与底面垂直,一个体积为43π的球体与棱柱的所有面均相切,那么这个三棱柱的表面积是( )(A)36 (B)312 (C) 318 (D) 3247.C 此三棱柱为正三棱柱,体积为43π的球体的半径为1,由此可以得到三棱柱的高为2,底面正三角形中心到三角形各边的距离均为1,故可得到三角形的高是3,三角形边长是(22324⨯⨯+⨯=8.已知直线⊥l 平面α,直线m ⊂平面β,给出下列命题,其中正确的是( ).①m l ⊥⇒βα// ②m l //⇒⊥βα ③βα⊥⇒m l // ④βα//⇒⊥m l(A )①③ (B ) ②③④ (C ) ②④ (D ) ①②③8.A 因为//αβ,直线⊥l 平面α,所以直线⊥l 平面β,又因为直线m ⊂平面β,所以l m ⊥,所以①式正确,所以可以排除选项B 、C . 若αβ⊥,直线⊥l 平面α,直线m ⊂平面β,则l 与m 可以有平行、异面、相交三种位置关系,所以②不正确. 9.已知等比数列{}n a 的各项都是正数,且1321,,22a a a 成等差数列,则91078a aa a +=+( ). (A(B)3- (C )3+ (D9.C 因为1321,,22a a a 成等差数列,所以3122a a a =+,即21112a q a a q =+,解得1q =(229107813a a q a a +===++10.已知向量()()3sin ,cos 2,12sin ,1,,22ππαααα⎛⎫==--∈⎪⎝⎭,a b 若85⋅=-,a b 则tan 4πα⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭的值为( ).(A )17 (B )27 (C )17- (D ) 27- 10.C ∵2228sin 2sin cos 2sin 2sin (12sin )sin 15ααααααα⋅=--=---=-=-,a b3sin 5α∴=-,又因为3,22ππα⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,故3tan 4α=,所以tan 11tan 41tan 7πααα-⎛⎫-==- ⎪+⎝⎭. 11. 如图,已知(,)P x y 为△ABC 内部(包括边界)的动点,若目标函数y kx z +=仅在点B 处取得最大值,则实数k 的取值范围是( ))4,(A ))43,2(- (B ))21,2(-(C )),21()2,(+∞--∞ (D )),43()2,(+∞--∞11.B 由z kx y =+可得y kx z =-+,z 表示这条直线的纵截距,直线y kx z =-+的纵截距越大,z 就越大,依题意有,51231BC k -==-,541352AB k -==--,要使目标函数z kx y =+仅在点B 处取得最大值,则需直线y kx z =-+的斜率处在1(,2)2-内,即122k -<-<,从而解得122k -<<.12.设△ABC 的内角,,A B C 的所对的边,,a b c 成等比数列,则sin sin BA的取值范围是( )(A )(0,)+∞ (B ) ⎛ ⎝⎭(C ) ⎝⎭ (D ) ⎫+∞⎪⎪⎝⎭12. C 根据,,a b c 成等比数列,有ac b =2,则bca b A B ==sin sin , 根据三角形三边关系a c b a c +>>-,有222()()a c b a c +>>-,所以2222a c ac b +-<,即22230a c b +-<,消掉a 得2222()30b c b c+-<,化简得:422430c b c b -+<,两边同时除以4b ,可得22222()310c c b b-+<,解得223322c b +<<.则1122c b <<. 13. 如图,半径为2的半圆有一内接梯形ABCD ,它的下底AB 是⊙O 的直径,上底CD 的端点在圆周上.若双曲线以A B 、为焦点,且过C D 、两点,则当梯形ABCD 的周长最大时,双曲线的实轴长为( ).(A 1 (B ) 2 (C 1 (D )213.D 分别过点,C D 作AB 的垂线,垂足分别为,F E ,连结OD ,设AOD θ∠=,则2cos ,OE OF AD BC θ====等腰梯形ABCD的周长44cos l θ=++,t =则2cos 1t θ=-,所以()22441410l t t ⎛=+-+=-+ ⎝⎭,所以当2t =即60θ=时,max 10l =, 此时,2,2AD BD ===,因为,A B 为双曲线的焦点,D 点在双曲线上,所以实轴长22a DB DA =-=.14.若在区间[]1,5和[]2,6内各取一个数,分别记为a 和b ,则方程()22221x ya b a b-=<( ).(A )12(B )1523 (C )1732 (D )313214.B 由题意知横轴为a ,纵轴为b ,建立直角坐标系,先作出满足题意的a 、b 的可行域15,26,,a b a b ⎧⎪⎨⎪<⎩剟剟并求出其面积为232,又由双曲线的离心率小于得1c a <<,则02ba<<,即()20,0b a a b <>>,再作出虚线2b a =,并求出其在可行域内的端点坐标分别为()1,2A 、()3,6B ,由此可求出可行域范围内满足2b a <的面积为152,所以所求概率为1515223232p ==.15.函数()2sin()(0,)22f x x ππωϕωϕ=+>-<<的图象如图所示,则AB ·BD =( ).(A )8 (B ) -8 (C(D )288π-+15.C,2,,AB BD ππ⎛⎫⎛==- ⎪ ,2AB BD π⎛⋅= 16..△ABC 中,角,,A B C 成等差数列是sin sin )cos C A A B =+成立的( ). (A )充分不必要条件 (B )必要不充分条件(C )充要条件 (D )既不充分也不必要条件16.A 若,,A B C 成等差数列,则+=2A C B ,∴=60B ︒.若sin sin )cos C A A B =+,则sin()cos sin cos A BA B A B ++,即sin cos cos sin cos sin cos A B A B A B A B +=+, ∴cos sin cos A B A B =,∴cosA 0=或tanB ==90︒或=60B ︒.故角,,A B C成等差数列是sin sin )cos C A A B =+成立的充分不必要条件. 17.对于R 上可导的任意函数)(x f ,若满足20'()xf x -≤,则必有( ). (A ))2(2)3()1(f f f <+ (B ))2(2)3()1(f f f ≤+ (C ))2(2)3()1(f f f >+ (D ))2(2)3()1(f f f ≥+0≤,∴当2x <时,'()0f x <,则函数)(x f 在(),2-∞上单调递减,当2x >时,'()0f x >,则函数)(x f 在()2,+∞上单调递增,即函数)(x f 在2x =处取得最小值(2)f ,∴(1)(2)f f >,(3)(2)f f >,则将两式相加得)2(2)3()1(f f f >+.18.已知点A B C 、、三点不共线,且有BC CACA AB AB BC ⋅⋅⋅=( ).18.B 设,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c ,由BC CACA AB AB BC⋅⋅⋅=得c o s c o s (3)c o s a c B a b C b cA ==-,又由正弦定理得,ta ta n t a n (23)t a n C B A B ==+,所以在△ABC 中,有ta nt anB C A>><,所以A B C >>19.(文科)将2n 个正整数1、2、3、…、2n (2n ≥)任意排成n 行n 列的数表.对于某一个数表,计算某行或某列中的任意两个数a 、b (a b >)的比值ab,称这些比值中的最小值为这个数表的“特征值”.当2n =时,数表的所有可能的“特征值”的最大值为( ).(A )32 (B )43(C ) 2 (D ) 3 19.A 当2n =时,这4个数分别为1、2、3、4,排成了两行两列的数表,当12,同行或同列时,这个数表的“特征值”为43;当13,同行或同列时,这个数表的特征值分别为43或32;当14,同行或同列时,这个数表的“特征值”为43或32,故这些可能的“特征值”的最大值为32. 19.(理科)设nxx )15(-的展开式的各项系数和为M ,二项式系数和为N ,若240M N -=,则展开式中x 的系数为( )(A )150- (B )150 (C )300 (D )300- 19.B 各项系数和2(51)2n n M =-=,二项式系数和2n N =,所以2222240222400(216)(215)04n n n n n n n -=⇒--=⇒-+=⇒=.4(5x的展开式的通项公式为:344444221444(5)((1)5(1)5r r r r rr r rr r rr r T C x C xC x------+==-⨯=-⨯.由3412r -=得2r =,所以展开式中x 的系数为24224(1)5150C --⨯=. 20.若定义在区间[]2015,2015-上的函数)(x f 满足:对于任意的[]12,2015,2015x x ∈-,都有1212()()()2014f x x f x f x +=+-,且0>x 时,有()2014f x >,)(x f 的最大值、最小值分别为N M ,,则N M +的值为( ).(A )2014 (B )2015 (C )4028 (D )403020.C 令120x x ==,得(0)2014f =,再令120x x +=,将(0)2014f =代入可得()()4028f x f x +-=.设12x x <,[]12,2015,2015x x ∈-,则2121210,()()()2014x x f x x f x f x ->-=+--,所以21()()20142014f x f x +-->.又因为11()4028()f x f x -=-,所以可得21()()f x f x >,所以函数()f x 是递增的,所以max min ()(2015),()(2015)f x f f x f ==-.又因为(2015)(2015)4028f f +-=,所以N M +的值为4028. 二、填空题21. 曲线21x y xe x =++在点()0,1处的切线方程为 .21.310x y -+=21x y xe x =++,()12x y x e '∴=++,当0x =时,()00123y e '=+⋅+=,因此曲线21x y xe x =++在点()0,1处的切线方程为13y x -=,即310x y -+=.22.(理科)某同学参加北大、清华、科大三所学校的自主命题招生考试,其被录取的概率分别为31,41,51(各学校是否录取他相互独立,允许他可以被多个学校同时录取),则此同学至少被两所学校录取的概率为_____. 22.61记“此同学至少被两所学校录取”为事件E, 该同学被北大,清华,科大录取分别记为事件A,B,C,则BCA CB AC AB ABC E +++=,所以)()()()()(BC A P C B A P C AB P ABC P E P +++==61.22..(文科)设集合{,1},{,1,2},,{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}P x Q y x y ==∈,且P Q ⊆,在直角坐标平面内,从所有满足这些条件的有序实数对(,)x y 所表示的点中任取一个,若该点落在圆2222()x y R R Z +=∈内的概率为25,则满足要求的2R 的最小值为 .22..30 当2x =时,3,4,5,6,7y =,有5种取法;当3x =时,3y =,有1种取法;当4x =时,4y =,有1种取法;当5x =时,5y =,有1种取法;当6x =时,6y =,有1种取法;当7x =时,7y =,有1种取法,所以共有51510+⨯=个基本事件.因为该点落在圆2222()x y R R Z +=∈内的概率为25,所以满足“该点落在圆内”的基本事件共有4个.由小到大依次为2222222223,33,24,2529++++=,又2R Z ∈,所以满足要求的2R的最小值为30.23.如图,在直角梯形ABCD 中,//AB CD ,2AB =,1AD DC ==,P 是线段BC 上一动点,Q 是线段DC 上一动点,,(1)DQ DC CP CB λλ==-,则AP AQ ⋅的取值范围是 .23.[]0,2 建立平面直角坐标系如图所示,则()()()()0,0,2,0,1,1,0,1A B C D .因为,(1)DQ DC CP CB λλ==-,所以()()2,,,1P Q λλλ-, 所以()()2,,,1AP AQ λλλ=-=,()()2239,12,324AP AQ λλλλλλ⎛⎫⋅=⋅-=-+=--+ ⎪⎝⎭()01λ≤≤,所以02AP AQ ≤⋅≤.24.已知直线x t =交抛物线24y x =于,A B 两点.若该抛物线上存在点C ,使得AC BC ⊥,则t 的取值范围为_________.24.[4,)+∞ 由题意)由AC BC ⊥得0,AC BC ⋅=∴解得m t =(舍)或4m t =-,由40m t =-≥得t 的取值范围为[4,)+∞.25.在△ABC 中,角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别为a 、b 、c ,满足bc a c b=-+222,0AB BC ⋅>,a =则22b c +的取值范围是 . 25.35(,)44∵0AB BC ⋅>,∴||||cos()>0AB BC B π⋅⋅-,∴cos 0B <,∴B 为钝角,∵bc a c b =-+222,∴2221cos 222b c a bc A bc bc +-===,∴3A π=, ∵1sin sin sin a b c A B C ====,∴sin b B =,sin c C =,∴2222sin sin b c B C +=+,∵223B ππ<<,06C π<<,∴sin 1B <<,10sin 2C <<,∴2235sin sin 44B C <+<,∴223544b c <+<.26.在数列{}n a 中,113a =,n S 为数列{}n a 的前项和且(21)n n S n n a =-,则 ________.n S =26.21nn + 当1n >时,11(21)(1)(23)n n n n n a S S n n a n n a --=-=----, 即1(1)(21)(1)(23)n n n n a n n a --+=--,所以12321n n n a a n --=+, 所以121232325232531212121212175n n n n n n n n a a a a n n n n n -------==⨯==⨯⨯⨯⨯++-+- 1(21)(21)n n =+-,所以1(21)(21)(21)(21)21n n nS n n a n n n n n =-=-⨯=+-+.27.一个多面体的直观图、正(主)视图、侧(左)视图、俯视图如下,M 、N 分别为1A B 、11B C 的中点.下列结论中正确的是_________.(填上所有正确项的序号) ① 线MN 与1A C 相交;②MN BC ⊥;③MN //平面11ACC A ; ④三棱锥1N A BC -的体积为 27.②③④ 取11A B 的中点D ,连结DM 、DN .由于M 、N 分别是所在棱的中点,所以可得11//,DN AC DN ⊄平面11A AC C ,11AC ⊂平面11A AC C ,所以//DN 平面11A AC C .同理可证//DM平面11A AC C .又DMDN D =,所以平面DMN //平面11A AC C ,所以直A 1左视图俯视图线MN 与1A C 相交不成立,①错误;由三视图可得11AC ⊥平面11BCC B .所以DN ⊥平面11BCC B ,所以DN BC ⊥,又易知DM BC ⊥,所以BC ⊥平面DMN ,所以BC ⊥MN ,②正确; ③正确;所以④正确.综上,②③④正确.28.若不等式3ln 1mx x -≥对(]0,1x ∀∈恒成立,则实数m 的取值范围是 .28.2[,)3e +∞ 由3ln 1mx x -≥得3ln 1mx x -≥或3ln 1mx x -≤-,即3ln 1mx x ≥+或3ln 1mx x ≤-.又(]0,1x ∈,所以3ln 1x m x +≥或3ln 1x m x-≤.因为不等式3ln 1mx x -≥对(]0,1x ∀∈恒成立,所以3max ln 1x m x ⎛⎫+≥⎪⎝⎭或3minln 1x m x ⎛⎫-≤ ⎪⎝⎭.(1)令3ln 1()x f x x+=,则3261(ln 1)3()x x x x f x x ⋅-+⋅'=2632(1ln )2x x x -+=. 令()0f x '=得231x e -=<,当230x e -<<时,()0f x '>;当231ex -<≤时,()0f x '<,所以()f x 在23(0,)e-上是增函数,在23(,1]e -是减函数,所以2233max2232321l ()()(n 133)e f x e e e e f -----++====,所以23e m ≥. (2)令3ln 1()x g x x -=,则3261(ln 1)3g ()x x x x x x ⋅--⋅'=22643ln x x x x -=,因为(]0,1x ∈,所以l n 0x ≤,所以g ()0x '>,所以g()x 在(]0,1上是增函数.易知当0x →时,g ()x →-∞,故g()x 在(]0,1上无最小值,所以3ln 1x m x-≤在(]0,1上不能恒成立.综上所述,23e m ≥,即实数m 的取值范围是2[,)3e +∞.29.设函数()f x 的定义域为D ,如果x D ∀∈,存在唯一的y D ∈,使()()2f x f y C +=(C为常数)成立。
泄露天机-2014年高考押题精粹(历史课标版)(30道选择题+20道非选择题)一.选择题部分(30道)1. 宋朝有一条规矩,“官员不入酒肆”,一旦发现官员在酒店吃喝,不管公款私款,即刻遭到御史弹劾,重则罢官免职,轻则纪律处分。
另一条规矩是:王公贵族“不得取食味于四方”,即不得向各地索要特产和美味佳肴。
这些规矩产生的积极作用是A.遏止了官吏横征暴敛B.形成严密的反腐机制C.君主有效控制了臣属D.便于约束权力的滥用2.1864年12月,在狄更斯主编的周刊《一年到头》上,谈到“科举…….是唯一没有被动摇过根基的制度,是在权威一再崩溃和颠覆中唯一能维持全面而广泛的影响的制度,当其他帝国的统治的代表一次又一次被推翻并被践踏为尘土是,它在全民族的眼中却是神圣的唯一避难所”。
作者主要强调了科举制A.发展的稳定性B.功能的综合性C.影响的持久性D.地位的神圣性3.清人在《论南洋事宜书》中写道:“南洋末禁之先,闽广家给户足,鲜有在家饥寒窃劫为非之患。
既禁之后,百货不通,民生自蹇。
居者苦艺能之无用,使沿海居民,富者贫,贫者困,驱工商为游手,驱游手为盗贼耳!”材料意在说明海禁政策()A.不利于资本主义萌芽的成长B.不利于农业手工业的发展C.不利于工商业的发展D.不利于民生和社会稳定4. 据宋人《东京梦华录》记载:汴京“即早辰桥、街、巷口,皆有木竹匠人,谓之杂货工匠,以至杂作人失,道士僧人,罗立会聚,候人请唤,谓之罗斋。
竹木作料,亦有铺席,砖瓦泥匠.随手即就。
”材料反映宋代的民营手工业()A.开始出现明显的行业分工B.产品与市场联系日益加强C.以家庭手工业为主要形态D.出现以雇佣为特征的个体生产5. 清朝蔡澄在《鸡窗丛话》中写道:“尝见古骨肆,古铜方二三寸,刻选诗或杜诗韩文二三句,字形反、不知何用。
识者日:此名书范,宋太宗(976-997)初年,颁行天下,刻书之式。
”从材料中可以得出的正确结论是A.北宋初年非常重视科技成果推广B.宋代娱乐场所中已注重科技普及C.铜活字技术在北宋就已经发明了D.宋朝之后活字印刷术得到新发展6. 奥古斯都允许外出当兵的儿子,对他在服役期间取得的财物享有合法权利,如果该儿子在未立遗嘱的情况下死亡,其财产将转归其父。
2014年高考泄露天机化学1.化学与社会、生产、生活密切相关。
下列说法正确的是()A.明矾、漂白粉、臭氧的净水原理相同B.硅胶可用作干燥剂C.煤的干馏和石油的分馏都属于物理变化D.亚硝酸钠是一种食品防腐剂,使用时其用量可以不加限制【答案】B【解析】明矾净水原理是利用铝离子水解生成胶体,漂白粉、臭氧的净水是利用强氧化性,故A项错误;煤的干馏属于化学变化,故C项错误;亚硝酸钠有毒,故使用时其用量应限制,故D项错误。
2.下列有机反应属于加成反应的是()。
A.CH2CH CH3 + Cl2CHCH2Cl + HClB.CH2OH2+ O2OC.CN + 2H CH2NH2催化剂D.CH2CH2Br + NaOHCH CH2 + NaBr + H2O【答案】C【解析】A项,甲基上氢原子被氯原子取代,属于取代反应;B项,醇催化氧化生成醛;C 项,碳氮三键与氢气在催化剂作用下发生加成反应生成胺;D项,卤代烃发生消去反应。
故答案选C。
3.【有机结构】葡萄糖在人体中进行无氧呼吸产生乳酸,结构简式如下:COOHOH下列有关乳酸的说法不正确的是()。
A.乳酸能发生催化氧化、取代反应B.乳酸和葡萄糖所含官能团相同C.乳酸能和碳酸氢钠、钠反应放出气体D.乳酸和COOHHO互为同分异构体【答案】B【解析】乳酸含有羧基、醇羟基,能发生酯化反应、催化氧化,A正确;葡萄糖含羟基、醛基,不含羧基,B 错误;羧基能和碳酸氢钠反应放出二氧化碳,羟基、羧基能和钠反应放出氢气,C 正确;乳酸含相同官能团的同分异构体有COOHHO,D 正确。
故答案选B 。
4.【溶解平衡】常温下,()13sp 2[Mn OH ] 2.010K -=⨯。
实验室制氯气的废液中含c(Mn 2+)=0.1 mol •L -1,向该溶液中滴加稀氢氧化钠溶液至Mn 2+完全沉淀的最小pH 等于( )。
A .8+12 lg2 B .9+lg2C .10+12lg2 D .11+2 lg2【答案】C【解析】当c(Mn 2+)≤1.0×10-5 mol •L -1时,表明Mn 2+完全沉淀。
泄露天机—2014高考信息卷(二)考试时间120分钟,满分150分。
第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)1. Where does the conversation take place?A. In a library.B. In a college.C. In a bookstore.2. How did the man get his MP4?A. By mail.B. On the Internet.C. From a shop.3. What are the speakers talking about?A. Radio program.B. TV program.C. Some cartoons.4. What do we learn from the conversation?A. The woman found the essay very difficult.B. The essay was difficult to complete in half an hour.C. The woman found the essay easy.5. What does the man imply?A. He suggests the woman take the subway.B. He does not know the way to the town.C. He wants to leave early to avoid a traffic jam.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分, 满分22. 5分)听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. Who was ill?A. Jim.B. Jim’s mother.C. Jack.7. What’s the probable relationship between Jim and Jack?A. Teacher and student.B. Schoolmates.C. Patient and doctor.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
泄露天机-2014年金太阳高考押题精粹(历史课标版)(30道选择题+20道非选择题)【参考答案及解析】一.选择题部分(30道)1.【答案】D【解析】本题主要考查的是宋朝的政治制度。
材料中的“官员在酒店吃喝,重则罢官免职,轻则纪律处分”“王公贵族‘不得取食味于四方’”等信息表明:宋朝采取种种措施来防止权力的滥用。
故本题应选 D 项;A 项中“遏止”、B 项中“严密”、C 项中“有效”的说法过于绝对化,故排除。
2. 【答案】B【解析】从隋朝创立科举制以来,科举制并没有随着王朝的更替而消失,是唯一能维持全面而广泛的影响的制度,在全民族的眼中却是神圣的唯一避难所,强调了科举制度功能的综合性,既是选拔人才的制度,也是中华民族的精神纽带。
3.【答案】D【解析】材料介绍在海禁政策实施前,当地家给户足;实施后货物流通不畅,居民生活水平下降,驱使一些人成为工商业者或盗贼,由此可见海禁政策不利于民生和社会稳定。
ABC 观点正确,但与题意无关,故B项正确。
4.【答案】D【解析】抓住材料关键信息“候人请唤”,表明出现了以雇佣为特征的个体生产,故D项为最佳选项;A项中“明显的行业分工”材料中没有体现,故排除;B项中“产品与市场联系加强”同样没有体现,故排除;C项观点错误,民营手工业和家庭手工业同属民间手工业,两者是并列关系,故排除。
5.【答案】D【解析】本题考查学生解读史料获取信息的能力。
材料中“古铜方二三寸,刻选,字形反、不知何用。
识者日:此名书范,颁行天下”说明活字印刷得到普及,故本题选择D。
6.【答案】C【解析】本题考查学生对材料的理解能力。
从材料的描述中可知,在罗马帝国时期,罗马法可以解决财产权上的矛盾。
所以答案选C。
7.【答案】A【解析】只要有谁建议要稍加约束,他们就会觉得受不了,就要大发雷霆……他们真的不要任何人管了,连法律也不放在心上,不管成文的还是不成文的。
”说明雅典直接民主忽视公民的政治素养,容易导致国家权力的滥用和误用,成为政治腐败、社会动乱的隐患。
泄露天机——2014年高考押题精粹(物理试题)(30道选择题+20道非选择题)一、选择题部分(30道)1.甲乙两车同一平直道路上同向运动,其v -t 图像如图所示,图中△OPQ 和△OQT 的面积分别为s 1和s 2(s 2>s 1)。
初始时,甲车在乙车前方s 0处 A .若s 0=s 1,两车相遇1次 B .若s 0=s 2,两车相遇1次 C .若s 0<s 1,两车相遇2次 D .若s 0=s 1+s 2,两车不会相遇2. 甲、乙两物体在同一直线上运动的v -t 图象如图所示。
下列有关说法正确的是A .t 1时刻之前,甲一直在乙的前方B .t 1时刻甲、乙相遇C .t 1时刻甲、乙加速度相等D .t 1之前,存在甲、乙加速度相等的时刻3.如图所示,倾角为α的等腰三角形斜面固定在水平面上,一足够长的轻质绸带跨过斜面的顶端铺放在斜面的两侧,绸带与斜面间无摩擦。
现将质量分别为M 、m (m M 〉)的小物块同时轻放在斜面两侧的绸带上.两物块与绸带间的动摩擦因数相等,且最大静摩擦力与滑动摩擦力大小相等。
在α角取不同值的情况下,下列说法正确的有 A.两物块所受摩擦力的大小总是相等 B.两物块不可能同时相对绸带静止 C M 可能相对绸带发生滑动 D. m 不可能相对斜面向上滑动vt乙甲14.如图所示,光滑的夹角为θ=30°的三角杆水平放置,两小球A 、B 分别穿在两个杆上,两球之间有一根轻绳连接两球,现在用力将小球B 缓慢拉动,直到轻绳被拉直时,测出拉力F =10 N ,则此时关于两个小球受到的力的说法正确的是(两小球重力均不计)A .小球A 受到杆对A 的弹力、绳子的张力B .小球A 受到的杆的弹力大小为20 NC .此时绳子与穿有A 球的杆垂直,绳子张力大小为2033 ND .小球B 受到杆的弹力大小为2033 N5.如图a 所示,水平面上质量相等的两木块A 、B ,用一轻弹簧相连,这个系统处于平衡状态,现用一竖直向上的力F 拉动木块A ,使木块A 向上做匀加速直线运动(如图b),研究从力F 刚作用在木块A 瞬间到木块B 刚离开地面瞬间的这一过程,并选定该过程中木块A 的起点位置为坐标原点,则下面图中能正确表示力F 和木块A 的位移x 之间关系的图是6.质量为m 的物体放在一水平放置的粗糙木板上,缓慢抬起木板的一端,在如图所示的几个图线中,哪一个最能表示物体的加速度大小与木板倾角的关系7.如图所示,将一质量为m 的小球从A 点以初速度v 斜向上抛出,先后经过B 、C 两点。
1.如图所示,粗糙的水平地面上有一斜劈,斜劈上一物块在沿斜面向上的拉力 F 作用下沿斜面以速度 v 0 匀速上滑,斜劈保持静止,则地面对斜劈的摩擦力A .等于零B .不为零,方向向右C .不为零,方向向左D .不为零,v 0 较大时方向向右,v 0 较小时向左1.B 【提示】斜劈与物块的整体处于平衡状态,分析该整体的受力可知,地面对斜劈的摩擦力不为零,且方向向右。
2.如图所示,一轻质弹簧竖直放置在水平面上,弹簧上端叠放着物块 A 和 B ,处于静止状态。
已知物块 A 的质量为 1 kg ,B 的质量为2 kg 。
现将一个质量为3 kg 的物块 C 轻放在物块 B 上。
取 g =10 m/s 2,物块 C 轻放在物块 B 上的瞬间,B 对 A 的压力大小为()A .50 NB .25 NC .30 ND .75 N2.B 【提示】将物块 C 轻放在物块 B 上的瞬间,物块 A 、B 、C 的加速度相同(设为 a ),对物块 A 、B 、C 组成的系统,有 m C g = (m A + m B + m C )a ;设 A 对 B 的支持力大小为 F , 对物块 B 、C 组成的系统,有 (m B + m C ) g - F = (m B + m C )a 。
由以上两式可解得 F =25 N 。
根据牛顿第三定律可知 B 对 A 的压力大小为 F ′=F =25 N 。
3.一张在下雪天行驶的小汽车中拍到的飘雪照 片如图所示,雪花呈“万箭穿心”状密集的射向汽 车司机何前排乘客,让司机觉得雪下得特别大,并 有头晕目眩的感觉。
若雪花以 v 1=2 m/s 的速度下落, 一辆汽车以 v 2=108 km/h 的速度在平直的道路上行驶。
设司机在汽车行驶时感觉到的下雪强度为 a ,实际下雪强度(汽车静止时司机感觉到的a 下雪强度)为b ,则 b约为() A .10B .15C .30D .543.B 【提示】下雪强度与雪的下落速度成正比。
泄露天机—2014高考信息卷(四)考试时间120分钟,满分150分。
第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
AOlga Murray laughs when she’s called a modern-day abolitionist.It is, however, a fair description.This 82-year-old retired lawyer from California now spends half of her time living in Katmandu, Nepal, where she works to free child slaves.“It’s very difficult to think that in the 21st century, this is a practice,” said Murray. But, she argued, “it’s happening all over the world, and a lot of people don’t know about it.”With her silver hair and fair skin, Murray stands out in Nepal, a poor, landlocked country sandwiched between China and India. With remarkable ease she navigates the messy streets of the capital, where painted yogis and sacred cows are common sights.She is no tourist. She and her organization have come up with a remarkably simple and successful method of liberating hundreds of young female slaves.For generations in Nepal poor families from the countryside have been selling their daughters to wealthy families where the girls, known as “kamlaris”, are forced to do housework.When asked why parents would sell their children, Murray explained, “It’s not because they don’t love them. It’s like they have no choice. Sometimes it’s a choice between selling their girl and feeding the rest of their family.”The practice has become so widespread and socially acceptable that we were able to meet and interview slave girls and their owners.We found Bijani Chaury, an adorable 12-year-old, in the well-appointed home of Ejopal Bijani’s life bears little resemblance(相似)to the plantation-style slavery of pre-Civil War America. There are no chains or farm labor. She is, however, forced to work under threat of violence and for no pay, which is an internationally recognized definition of modern-day slavery.21. Olga Murray went to Nepal in order to _________.A. pay a visit to its beautiful sceneryB. set up an organization for childrenC. liberate young female slavesD. support a new practice about slavery22. According to the passage, Olga Murray __________.A. is still working as a lawyer in CaliforniaB. spends most of time living in NepalC. works as a traffic controller in Nepal streetD. put forward a good way of freeing child slaves23. Kamlaris are those girls who ________.A. are forced to do housework without payB. are sold by their own relativesC. are not liked by their parentsD. have to do farm labor in chains24. The underlined word “abolitionist” in Paragraph 1 refers to a person who ______.A. supports slave-selling tradeB. is in favor of freeing slavesC. approves of working abroadD. volunteers to take care of slavesBLike many men at some point, I dream about opening a bar. I plan to call it Work Out. It will cater (迎合) to married women in need of a little fun. On Friday nights, they will be able to come here and enjoy themselves.See, I have a gift for business. I am, as my wife Zsa Zsa likes to note, “ A man with a million ideas, none of them very good.” Speaking of Zsa Zsa, she is fed up with this plain little life I’ve made for us — too many kids, too many chores, mind-numbing debt. The other day, she said she thought we needed a new family car. “Sure. How about an ’87 Lincoln?” I said, and saw my dear Zsa Zsa age about 20 years, and become her mother right before my eyes.Y es, money is our madness. Last year, we thought we had found a little cushion when I published a book about the life here in suburban America. It sold 12 copies — six of them to my mother. Four other copies went to various aunts and uncles, who used them for martini coasters, then sold them at yard sales. The two remaining copies went to perfect strangers. (I think I owe you dinner, whoever you are. Call me, OK? We’ll arrange something.)When the book didn’t take off, I wrote a TV show. Then I penned a short novel based on the earlier TV idea that didn’t sell. Currently, I am at work on a set of encyclopedias. In a month, I plan to sell them door-to-door.Such is the life of a writer, sending off the most personal thoughts possible to his hard drive. I am a writer, but also the breadwinner in my family. I’m at the keyboard at 6 almost every morning, hoping to tap out one idea—just one—that will take us up the hill, to the mountain, to the top.25. According to the passage, the author’s life is indeed _________.A. hardB. easyC. poorD. wealthy26. By saying “Sure. How about an ’87 Lincoln”, the author means __________.A. he really wanted to buy that carB. he was showing off their fortuneC. he thought his wife would like itD. he was joking about their economic situation27. What was the result of the book the author mentioned in the third paragraph?A. He sold it door-to-door.B. It didn’t sell well at all.C. He made a lot of money from it.D. It was really a cushion for his family.28. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the author and his wife?A. He has a real gift for business.B. He isn’t serious enough about life.C. He is a hard-working writer.D. His wife is satisfied with their plain life.CScientists have invented a lotion(洗液)that gives laboratory mice a dark tan(被太阳晒成的棕褐色皮肤)in just three weeks. No, they aren’t planning to send the mice to the beach. But the research could be an important step in creating a lotion that helps humans avoid getting skin cancer.Everyone knows that people with pale skin — and especially redheads — are most likely to get sunburned. That’s because their skin isn’t good at producing melanin(黑素), which protects skin cells by blocking the sun’s dangerous ultraviolet (UV) rays.Dr. David Fisher is an oncologist — a doctor who treats cancer. He was testing a lotion to see if it would cause mice to produce melanin in their skin, just like the sun does, without the danger of being exposed to the sun’s rays. The special ingredient(成分) in the lotion comes from a plant.“We had suspected that it would darken the skin (that’s why we tested it), but we didn’t know that it could turn the appearance of a very fair-skinned mouse so dark,” says Fisher.Someday researchers might be able to make a lotion that will turn human skin darker to protect it from dangerous UV rays. But that’s a long way off.“I have been tempted to try some of the lotion on my own skin,” explains Fisher. “However, there is not yet any study in human skin t o test whether the treatment is safe.”“It’s fun to play out in the sunshine, but remember,” says Dr. Fisher,“the sun can be dangerous. It can injure our skin and cause bad effects that don’t happen until much later.”That’s why we must be careful about avoiding sun exposure—until scientists find just the right solution.29. Dr. David Fisher made the experiment in order to __________.A. give mice a dark skinB. send mice to the beachC. help people with skin cancerD. test if a lotion works30. Which of the following are most likely to get sunburned?A. People with dark and yellow skin.B. People with pale skin and redheads.B. People with dark and pale skin. D. People with dark skin and redheads.31. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to “__________”.A. melaninB. the sun’s raysC. the lotionD. a plant32. From the passage we know that ____________.A. the lotion Fisher invented now can help humans to avoid skin cancerB. the lotion that had invented had little effect on the mice’s skinC. researchers will make a lotion to protect human skin very soonD. people don’t find harms of sun exposure easily at the beginningDWhen Heather Ramirez of Auburn, California, went to the dentist recently with her husband Len, she wasn’t there to have her teeth cleaned. She and her husband are professional snake removers. They were there to catch and return to the wild a rattlesnake that had moved indoors.She describes her work as “protecting people from rattlesnakes—and protecting rattlesnakes from people”. In her part of the country, the northern Pacific rattlesnake often comes face-to-face with humans.“We find rattlesnakes everywhere,” says Ramirez. “In houses, in yards and woodpiles, under decks.”She says that the snakes aren’t invading human homes—it’s the other way around. “These animals were here first, and we humans came in and built houses. We are living in their territory.” Many people are frightened when they se e a rattler and call for help right away. When the Ramirez phone rings, the couple drops whatever they are doing and rushes to work, often leaving a meal half-eaten on the table.“Never pick up a rattlesnake,” says Ramirez. “I’ve been doing this job for 12 years, and I have never touched one with my hands. There’s no reason to take that risk.”Ramirez tells people to read all they can about snakes so they understand these amazing animals. For example, snakes actually help humans. Small mammals like rats, mice, and gophers carry fleas and ticks that spread serious illnesses like bubonic plague and Lyme disease to people.A snake might eat a dozen rodents a year, helping control the population and the spread of disease.Ramirez and her husband relocate more than a thousand snakes a year. “The longest was 5 feet 9 inches (1.8 meters), and I’m only five-foot-three, so that was amazing to see.” She enjoys every day working with snakes. “I just love my job!”33. What’s the main idea of the passage?A. To introduce us a snake-catching couple.B. To teach us how to catch snakes successfully.C. To describe a common rattlesnake in California.D. To prove snakes are useful animals to human beings.34. Which of the following can best describe the couple?A. Warm-hearted, strong-willed and confident.B. Skillful, job-loving and selfless.C. Cruel, dangerous and disgusting.D. Brave, energetic and determined.35. Which of the following is TRUE?A. The couple went to the dentist to see a doctor.B. Rattlesnakes are believed to attack people actively.C. Snakes are sometimes helpful to control the spread of disease.D. Protecting rattlesnakes from people is the couple’s main task.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分l0分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。