Chap 6 Surface Features of Fibers

WORDLY WISE 3OOO ®ONLINELevel 6 • Passage Answer KeyLesson 3(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Terrain means “the surfacefeatures of a region.”2. Many Thai people would beunaccustomed to city lifebecause they live in rural areas. 3. The squalid parts of Bangkokwould not be shown in tourist brochures.4. New hotels have been builtbecause there are hordes of people who go to Bangkok each year and need places to stay.5. Daily life in Bangkok is probablymore hectic than it is in Chiang Mai because Bangkok is fifty times bigger.6. Because Malaysia is a peninsula,no one lives far from the sea. 7. The huge Grand Palace wherethe rulers of Thailand once lived is among the splendid sights in Bangkok.8. Thailand’s tropical rainforesthas an incredible variety of plant and animal life.9. Distinct means “not the same;different.” 10. There are over five hundreddifferent kinds of butterflies in Thailand.11. Sanctuary means “a place ofsafety.” 12. The northeastern part ofThailand gets the least amount of rain because it is the only part with an arid climate. 13. Over sixty million people live inThailand.14. The humid climate of therainforest would make you sweat.15. Graze means “to feed ongrowing grass.”Lesson 2(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. African Americans had to findother types of transportation during the bus boycott.2. Extend means “to make longer.”3. Rosa Parks was detained by thepolice.4. Custody means “being held bythe police.”5. One can’t appeal a SupremeCourt decision because it is the highest court in U.S. government.6. Segregation caused AfricanAmericans to be treated like second-class citizens; it was degrading and unjust. 7. Campaign means “a series ofactions intended to accomplish a goal.”8. The laws degraded AfricanAmericans because they were treated unfairly and didn’t have the same rights as other people. 9. Some whites believed thatAfrican American protesters were acting arrogantly because they wanted the same rights the white people had. 10. Rosa Parks was found guilty. 11. The Supreme Court order tointegrate the buses proved that African Americans were not second-class citizens.12. Triumph means “to win.” 13. The African American peoplesitting next to Rosa Parks vacated their seats. 14. A ceremony honoring RosaParks might have speeches about her courage or award a scholarship in her honor.15. Violate means “to break, as alaw or promise.”Lesson 1(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. The meaning of lofty is “tall.”2. Americans found out thatdonors’ names would be in the newspaper.3. The statue’s arm was exhibitedto help raise money.4. The ending of the poem iscalled eloquent.5. Appeal means “a request forhelp.”6. The day the statue was unveiledwas declared a public holiday. 7. The immigrants hoped thatthey would be more prosperous in America.8. The American people had toraise the money to purchase a pedestal for the statue.9. The statue’s hand clasps thetorch of liberty. 10. Visitors take a ferry to LibertyIsland.11. Unveil means “to remove acovering from.” 12. Most people in America areimmigrants or descendants of immigrants. 13. The Statue of Liberty isnow dwarfed by the lofty skyscrapers of Manhattan. 14. Persecuted people are seekingsafety and looking for freedom. 15. No. If people seeking safetyin America felt affection for their home governments, they probably would not want to live elsewhere.(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Hatch means “to bring forthfrom an egg.”2. Blouses, dresses, scarves, andshirts are all apparel.3. Emerge means “to come intoview.”4. A silk moth dissolves the silkfibers of the cocoon when it emerges.5. Function means “the purposesomething is used for.”6. Incubators can be small becausesilkworm eggs are minute.7. The silkworm eats continuously. 8. Shed means “to lose or giveup.”9. The lady of Si-ling is known forhaving domesticated silkworms.10. The silkworm sheathes itself ina cocoon.11. The silk farmer transfers thecocoons to an oven to kill the silkworms inside.12. Cool temperature inhibits thegrowth of the eggs. 13. The silkworm stops eating andremains motionless. 14. Appreciate means “to see theworth of.” 15. Silk, rayon, and wool are typesof fibers.(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Yani had worked diligently atpainting since she was two. 2. Perhaps Yani’s first strokes aretentative because she is not sure where the ink will flow and what she feels at that moment; the first strokes may provide ideas for the rest. 3. Yani captures the feeling oftranquility.4. Yani liked to paint monkeyswhen she was young.5. You have to be able to readChinese to enjoy one of Yani’s inscriptions.6. Stifle means “to hold back.”7. Yani has an innate talent.8. Posture means “pose orposition.”9. No. Yani dressed casually whenshe was in Washington, D.C. 10. Yani can paint animals, birds,trees, flowers, and landscapes. 11. Eclipse means “to outshine.”12. Yani’s style evolved over theyears. 13. Yani finishes paintings quicklybecause she paints with deft strokes. 14. She probably liked the waythey played with one another, swung on branches, hung by their tails, or scratched themselves.15. Shroud means “to cover fromview.”(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Helium weighs less than air, andit is not flammable.2. The envelope stays inflateduntil it needs major repairs. 3. Elusive means “hard to captureor find.”4. The gondola would plummetto the ground if it became separated from the envelope. 5. Stationary means “not moving.” 6. Blimps can be used to collectsamples of air to study the pollution in it.7. A swivel allows a mooredblimp to swing freely above the ground when the wind changes.8. A blimp needs to be mooredwhen it is not flying so it doesn’t float away.9. A blimp is propelled by twoengines.10. Attain means “to reach.”11. Blimps are not designed to takea buffeting from high winds, so they usually don’t fly in bad weather. 12. No. The helium keeps the blimpaloft; the engines propel it. 13. Advertisers like the way a blimpgrabs everyone’s attention.14. Buffet means “to poundrepeatedly.” 15. A blimp can hover in the air,allowing cameras on board to catch all the action of a sporting event.(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Raw sewage, chemicals, andfertilizers can all contaminate water.2. Aggravate means “to makeworse.”3. To conserve water you couldtake shorter showers, turn off the water while brushing your teeth, and water lawns sparingly in the evening.4. Substitute means “a replacementfor something.”5. The amount of clean waterdiminishes.6. Vital means “necessary forcontinued life.”7. Clean water remains after theimpurities have been removed. 8. Twenty-minute showersduring a drought would be extravagant.9. People cannot live withoutwater. 10. The chemicals from landfillsenter into the groundwater and contaminate it.11. Turning off the faucet whilebrushing one’s teeth is a frugal use of water. 12. Drinking water from rivers andponds could imperil a person’s health. 13. It would be a drastic order.14. Sustain means “to support.” 15. No. The water cycle isperpetual.(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Lewis and Clark were lookingfor a convenient place to spend the winter.2. Inept means “lacking in skill.”3. The narrative says thatSacagawea was taken captive. 4. Retrieve means “to find andbring back.”5. The vast expanse of the oceanwas probably its most striking feature.6. Interpret means “to translateone language into another.” 7. Sacagawea was with theexpedition for more than a year.8. Sacagawea knew which plantshad beneficial effects.9. The Shoshone had a skirmishwith the Hidatsa. 10. Lewis and Clark thought thebaby’s presence would show that their intentions were peaceful.11. Territory means “land undercontrol of a particular group.” 12. Sacagawea was ecstatic becausethe Shoshone chief was her brother. 13. Lewis and Clark felt thatSacagawea‘s presence was invaluable. 14. Accompany means “to go alongwith.” 15. No, Sacagawea probablywanted to linger among the Shoshone.(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Exhausted means “tired.”2. Loud noises could cause thecattle to stampede.3. Westerns could show the boringpart of the cowboys’ lives, their mediocre shooting skills, or show African American and Latino cowboys.4. A cowboy could be locked up ifhe got into a brawl.5. Mustangs were suitable forcattle drives because they were hardy.6. Punctuate means “to interruptfrom time to time.”7. A movie about cowboys’monotonous lives would be boring.8. Most cowboys were mediocreshots.9. Casual means “not regular;occasional.” 10. The origin of sombrero andmustang is Spanish, which the first cowboys from Mexico spoke.11. Cowboys excelled at ropingsteers.12. Soothe means “to make calm.” 13. Ravenous cowboys would behappy to see a chuck wagon or a town with restaurants.14. Veterans from the war headedwest to work.15. Constant means “without apause.”(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. The Greeks and Trojans wereadversaries because the Trojans had kidnapped the Greek king’s wife.2. Woeful means “unhappy.”3. The Trojans could have run outof food and surrendered, or they could have returned Helen to her husband in exchange for peace.4. Abandoned means “gave up andleft.”5. At first the Trojans were baffledby the huge wooden horse.6. The Trojans failed to inspect thehorse and let down their guard. 7. The Greek soldiers were able tohide inside the horse because it was colossal.8. The Greek soldiers did not wantto be detected.9. The Trojans might have usedhorses or oxen to pull the wooden horse into the city. 10. Yes. The Trojans wouldhave found the army inside the horse.11. The Trojans did not believeCassandra because that was Apollo’s way of punishing her for not loving him. 12. Troy might not have beendestroyed and more Trojans would have lived.13. Trojan sentinels should havebeen keeping watch. 14. The Trojans’ rejoicing waspremature because they had not really won the war. 15. The Greeks were victorious overthe Trojans.(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Elizabeth Blackwell was aninspiration to other women. 2. The letters N.Y.I.W.C. are anabbreviation for the infirmary. 3. In the early 1800s everything awoman possessed became the property of her husband. 4. Women were not allowed tovote.5. Attempts to change the waywomen were treated seemed futile.6. Some people might have feltit was not appropriate for Blackwell to become a doctor. 7. Fanciful means “unrealistic.” 8. Blackwell was resolute in herdetermination to become a doctor.9. Blackwell’s applications wererejected because of prejudice. 10. Dr. Blackwell was the firstAmerican woman to become a doctor.11. Unruly means “badly behaved.” 12. The professors wanted to besure that Blackwell’s application would be rejected.13. Majority means “the greaterpart.” 14. The male students sneered atBlackwell.15. The grudges the professors heldagainst Blackwell eventually went away.(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Large companies have bigadvertising budgets that allow them to advertise on television. 2. Most toys and games remainpopular for only a brief time. 3. A severe storm in December cankeep customers away during the busiest time of year.4. No. If inventors make the rightproduct and are lucky, they could make a fortune. 5. Brisk means “active.”6. As more companies enter thegames business, competition increases.7. I spend my leisure timeplaying games, talking on the telephone, and riding my bike. 8. Monopoly has been around toolong to be considered just a fad.9. Anticipate means “to expect.”10. Less complicated toys usuallyappeal to young children. 11. Effective means “making astrong impression” or “bringing about the desired result.” 12. A great many factors go intothe decision to make a new toy. 13. Successful games inventorsneed to have a knack for thinking up creative ideas.14. Bankrupt means “unable to payone’s debts.” 15. Companies look for uniquegames.(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Ancient peoples believedeclipses of the sun could cause disasters.2. Ancient peoples might haveregarded solar eclipses as extraordinary events.3. Heat and light are the two mostfamiliar forms of solar energy. 4. Exist means “to occur.”5. Earth revolves around the sun.6. When compared to the nextclosest star, the sun is not very far away. 7. Traces means “very smallamounts.”8. The velocity of light is 186,000miles per second.9. Hydrogen atoms fuse andbecome helium atoms.10. Scientists analyzed light fromthe sun to find out what the sun is made of.11. Scale means “the way the sizeof a map or model compares with the size of a thing it stands for.” 12. No, the eruption of a volcanoduring an eclipse is only a coincidence. 13. The sun looks like a black disksurrounded by flames.14. Composed means “made bycombining.” 15. The sun will become solarge that it will envelop all surrounding planets.(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Yes. Kublai Khan was a wiseand benevolent ruler, unlike his grandfather, Genghis Khan.2. The territory Kublai Khan ruledwas extensive.3. Genghis Khan established hisempire by vanquishing most of the rulers in Asia.4. Genghis Khan was a tyrant.5. No. That is an exaggerationbecause Marco Polo traveled only from Italy to Asia.6. Kublai Khan gave his consentfor Marco Polo to return to Venice.7. The purpose of Marco Polo’stravel in Asia was to carry out missions for Kublai Khan. 8. No. Marco Polo had to getthe consent of Kublai Khan to return home.9. A less discreet person thanMarco Polo might have shared important information with other people at the court.10. Fantastic means “unusual” or“odd.”11. Kublai Khan thought thatMarco Polo would not intrigue against him. 12. Marco Polo wanted to return toVenice.13. Opportunity means “a time thatis right for doing something.” 14. Crocodiles and coal were thingsthat Venetians had never seen before. 15. Marco Polo’s book remainsin print because it is such an engrossing story.(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Camels transport heavy loads ofmaterials.2. Use of camels has becomeoutmoded because of jeeps. 3. Four-wheel-drive vehicles cantravel faster and further and carry heavier loads than camels. 4. The dromedary’s habitat is thedesert.5. Sunglasses would protect one’seyes from the glare of the sun on the sand.6. The searing heat isuncomfortable. 7. Adapted means “changed to fita particular habitat.”8. The Bedouins once wendedtheir way on dromedaries. 9. Dromedaries are oblivious tothe heat and sun.10. Prominent means “standing out”or “easily seen.”11. A shrunken hump would tellyou that a dromedary’s fat storage has been depleted.12. Quenches means “satisfies witha liquid.” 13. The weather in Siberia wouldbe cold and windy. 14. They conserve energy bymaintaining a steady plodding gait. 15. If made to travel more thanfifty miles a day, a dromedary would begin to show fatigue.(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Samantha’s trip was specialbecause it was her first time abroad.2. Samantha wrote about heranguish over the possibility of a nuclear war to the Soviet leader.3. Yes. She took the initiativeto express her concerns and ultimately had an impact upon the world.4. Samantha’s letter was veryearnest.5. Samantha’s skepticism showsshe is not easily manipulated. 6. Genuine means “real; beingwhat it seems to be.”7. When she received her officialinvitation from the Sovietgovernment, Samantha realized the phone call was not a hoax. 8. Samantha received a cordialletter and an invitation to visit the Soviet Union.9. Samantha’s letter elicitedattention because she was so young and because she received a reply from Yuri Andropov. 10. Samantha’s trip wascontroversial because there was skepticism about the intentions of the Soviets in inviting Samantha to visit.11. Manipulated means “controlledin a secret or unfair way.” 12. No. Some commended her forgoing, while others dissented. 13. Samantha’s trip commenced inJuly 1983.14. Recounts means “gives adetailed account of.” 15. Samantha was probablyexhilarated to be in a television series.(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Ballard finally found the Titanicafter much searching.2. Ballard did not disturb thewreck, but others who followed did.3. The ocean floor was ooze, andthe Titanic was stuck in it. 4. Scour means “to searchthoroughly.”5. There is little room aboardAlvin because it is a miniature submarine.6. Mobile cameras had to be usedbecause the area to be searched was so vast.7. Ballard had to make apreliminary search with video cameras.8. Ballard had 1,000 feet ofleeway.9. The sighting of debris from thewreckage ended the monotony. 10. They might have jumped forjoy, shouted, or slapped each other on the back.11. Seawater corrodes metal. 12. Ballard had to postpone hissearch because of the onset of winter.13. Restraint means “keeping undercontrol.” 14. Later expeditions salvaged goldcoins and other valuable objects from the Titanic.15. Pathetic means “causing feelingsof pity or sorrow.”(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. Today’s ships use radar, whichwould detect an iceberg. 2. The Titanic was the biggestpassenger ship afloat, and its lights would have been impressive.3. The purpose of the inner hullwas to reinforce the main body of the ship to make it unsinkable.4. The passengers were lulled intoa false sense of security because they believed that the ship was unsinkable.5. Treacherous means “actuallydangerous while seeming to be safe.”6. The sea looked placid, and theship’s crew could not detect the iceberg. 7. Loom means “to appear in asudden and frightening way.” 8. The damage to the Titanicwas so serious it caused a catastrophe.9. The passengers who wereawake felt only a slightmovement; others were already asleep for the night. 10. The captain had a confusedcrew and insufficient lifeboats. 11. Improvise means “to make dowith whatever is on hand.” 12. Women and children weregiven priority as passengers left the ship. 13. Ida Straus was one of the 1500fatalities. 14. The stern was the last part tosink so it would have seemed safest. 15. It brought about regulationsrequiring safety equipment for everyone on board, and a properly trained crew.Lesson 20(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. The homes in Hamelin wereinfested with rats.2. No. Rats lived in all thedwellings.3. The mayor did not know howto get rid of the rats.4. Rats were getting into the vatsof cheese.5. The Pied Piper made his offer atthe council meeting.6. The piper’s garments werestrange; his coat was half yellow and half red.7. The piper’s fee was 1,000guilders.8. The mayor thought that it wasa paltry sum.9. Perhaps the town could notafford to pay that much. 10. All the rats swarmed aroundthe Pied Piper.11. The piper led the rats to theriver, and they all drowned.12. The mayor blustered that hewould not pay.13. Peculiar means “strange.” 14. The piper insisted on being paidin full because he had fulfilled his part of the agreement. 15. The Pied Piper got his revengeby making the children of Hamelin disappear forever.Lesson 19(Possible answers; students’ sentences may vary.)1. The two main functions wereto provide a haven in times of danger and to provide housing for the nobility.2. Construction means “somethingthat is built.”3. Building castles near stonequarries meant that workers didn’t have to haul the massive stones very far.4. Many owners have installedelectricity and running water. 5. Castles became more elaborateover the centuries.6. A person of modest meanswouldn’t have enough money to restore an old castle. 7. A modern owner couldinstall heat, insulation, and weatherproofing to make a castle less clammy.8. You might find grand tables,chairs, and benches in the great hall.9. Fragrance to mask odors wouldhave been valued in herbs.10. The stench of body odor wouldnot have been so pungent. 11. Herbs were strewed on thecastle floors. 12. Castles might have beenovercrowded when enemies were approaching and people in the vicinity wanted to find shelter.13. Repelled means “driven away.” 14. The inhabitants could haveshot arrows or dropped rocks or boiling liquids on their attackers.15. Breach means “to breakthrough.”。

何首乌藤纤维的结构及其物理性能沈银姣;崔运花;钱震扬【摘要】以何首乌藤为原料,采用碱煮脱胶工艺,制取何首乌藤单纤维；对其长度、细度进行测量,通过显微镜观察法、X衍射和衰减全反射红外分析对其结构进行表征,并对其吸放湿性能进行测试.结果表明:何首乌藤单纤维的平均长度偏短,长度均匀度差;细度与传统麻类纤维相近,直径变异系数较大;纤维的形态结构兼具棉、苎麻部分特征;聚集态结构为低结晶度高取向度;分子结构显示为纤维素特征;体积密度高于苎麻纤维;回潮率为8.22％,吸放湿性能介于棉与苎麻纤维之间.【期刊名称】《纺织学报》【年(卷),期】2014(035)003【总页数】7页(P6-12)【关键词】何首乌藤纤维;脱胶;结构性能;回潮率【作者】沈银姣;崔运花;钱震扬【作者单位】东华大学纺织学院,上海201620;东华大学纺织学院,上海201620;东华大学纺织面料技术教育部重点实验室,上海201620;东华大学纺织学院,上海201620【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TS102.2随着人们生活水平的提高及环保意识的增强，天然纤维纺织品受到广泛关注。

由于传统天然纤维资源有限，富含纤维素的农作物副产物引起了人们的关注，以期开发利用新型天然纤维。

何首乌藤资源丰富，其韧皮主要成分为纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、果胶、脂蜡质，纤维素含量在50%以上［1］，有开发价值。

另外，何首乌藤富含多种氨基酸、维生素、无机盐及人体必需的微量元素，符合人们回归自然、绿色健康的理念。

目前，国内外对何首乌藤纤维的结构性能研究很少。

本文以何首乌藤为原料，采用碱煮脱胶的方法制取纤维，并对其结构性能进行表征，探讨其可纺性，以期为开发利用何首乌藤纤维提供理论参考。

1 试验部分1.1 试验材料与仪器江南某地的中草药何首乌藤，手工剥皮。

氢氧化钠、亚硫酸钠、硅酸钠、多聚磷酸钠、甘油、火棉胶等。

Y801A和DK-S16型电热恒温水浴锅;Y802A型电热恒温干燥箱;哈氏切片器;XSP-16A型光学显微镜;SJM-5600VL型扫描电子显微镜;Nexus 670型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪;D/MAX-2400型X射线衍射分析仪。

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The following table shows the minimum allowable edge radii suitable for contact with unprotected roundslings. Chamfering or cutting off edges is not an acceptable substitute for fully rounding the edges to the minimum radius. Slings can also bedamaged from contact with edges or burrs at thesling connection.USING TUFLEX ® ROUNDSLINGS Protect Sling from Damage ALWAYS protect roundslings from being cut or damaged by corners, edges and protrusions using protection sufficient for each application.Do not ignore warning signs of misuse. Cut marks detected during any sling inspection serve as a clear indication that cut protection is needed. Refer to Sling Protection section of our catalog.For further information on minimum edge radii, contact Lift-All or see WSTDA-RS-1.For Temperature and Chemical Information refer to the Environmental Consideration page in the WEB section of this catalog.Measure the edge radius. 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Number of legs:S (Single), D (Double), T2. Master Link: O (Oblong)3. Bottom Attachments: S4. Tuflex5.How to OrderTRIPLEDOUBLELength •storage.•rings or eye bolts.Saves Time59Polyester Roundslings®EDEL WVertical Choker 45°9,40019,00030,00038,00047,000Polyester Roundslings60BRAIDED TUFLEX ® ROUNDSLINGS Order Information Ordering length should be based on the sling at rest.Braided Tuflex length tolerance is ±2"+5% of the ordered length, with the sling at rest. At it's rated capacity, braided Tuflex will stretch approximately 9%.Refer to Sling Protection section in this catalog.+ Shorter lengths available using reduced eye lengths.Vertical Choker Basket @ 45°High Performance Roundslings61The solution for lifting the heaviest loads using the lightest,most flexible, and ergonomic slings available!HIGH PERFORMANCE ROUNDSLINGS•Lift-All slings with high performance core fibers are ergonomically engineered providing the lightest sling weight to lifting capacity ratio of our product line. This ergonimic solution reduces rigger fatigue and injury.• Non-blended core fibers provide more consistent sling performance.• Low stretch (1%) is especially helpful when working in low headroom areas.• Double-wall Tufhide ™ jacket is abrasionresistant, protecting the core fibers from wear and degradation from UV light.• Flexible, conforms to the shape of load.• Consistent matched lengths for better multiple sling control.• Tuff-Tag ™ provides serial numberedidentification for traceability of manufacturing components and process.•Lift-All maintains the same design criteria for the entire product line, and does not lower design requirements for roundslings rated above 100,000 lbs.Inspection CriteriaRemove from service when:• Cuts to the sling cover that expose coreyarns.• Holes, tears, snags or abrasion that exposecore yarns.• The sling shows signs of melting, charring orchemical damage.• Capacity tag is illegible or missing.• Other visible damage that causes doubt as tostrength of the sling.Promotes SafetyEnvironmental Considerations•Chemical: Do not use in a non-compatible chemical environment. For confirmation,contact Lift-All and provide specific chemical, concentration, temperature, and time factors.Temperature• KeyFlex ™ slings are approved for use up to 350°F.•DynaFlex ™ slings are approved for use up to 158°F.• Independent core yarns choke tightly but release easily after use.• The single component round body profilemakes for faster rigging, avoiding any need to keep the sling body flat.• Round bearing surface makes for easier hook-up to connection point.•Meet capacity requirements with a smaller diameter sling to fit more easily into tight work areas.Saves Money• Roundslings with damaged outer covers may be returned for inspection and possible cover repair and proof-test.• Double-wall seamless cover has no sewn edges preventing rupture, which requires removal from service.•Endless style allows wear points to be shifted extending sling life.Saves TimeHigh Performance Roundslings62Specify the sling code and length in feet (bearing point to bearing point).Slings are made to a tolerance of ± 1"+1% of the specified length, and can stretch 1% at rated capacity.Notes:1. Matched lengths of slings must be specified at time of order.2. Available in endless style only .3. Not to be used in a towing application.LengthHow to MeasureThe Lift-All DifferenceThe Lift-All Difference - Why Compromise Work Safety? Here's Why All High Performance Roundslings are not the same:• Load-Bearing Core Yarn: Non-blended core fibers provide more consistent sling performance, regardless of the application.• Verified Strength: Lift-All regularly completes strength verification of all sizes of roundslings using test pins that are smaller than required by the industry to represent actual loading conditions more closely.•Single Path Core is Our Standard: Multi-path slings exhibit an advantage during strength verification testing as test pins allow for tension forces to be spread over a wider, flat bearing surface. Our single path round design fits naturally in narrow, rounded bearing surfaces ofconnection hardware. We designed our high performance roundslings with the understanding of how the sling is used in the field. This is validated during strength verification testing.•The Cover Sleeve: Roundslings are typically removed from service due to cover wear. Lift-All 's design contains a durable, double layer cover that offers rotational benefits for even wear and ease of feeding through connections.HIGH PERFORMANCE ROUNDSLINGSHigh Performance Roundslings63DYNAFLEX ™ ROUNDSLINGDyneema ® High-Performance Core Ultra-Lightweight RoundslingDynaFlex is manufactured with a load bearing core of Dyneema, the world’s strongest fiber, yet remains soft and flexible to allow for easy rigging. This high capacity, ultra-lightweight roundsling is a safe and ergonomic alternative to steel and other forms of synthetic slings.Features and Benefits• Ultra-Lightweight – Approximately 20% lighter than KeyFlex ™ and 52% lighter than Tuflex ® for the samecapacity, reducing the probabilities of hand and shoulder strains and sprains.• Good Chemical Resistance with Reduced Water Absorption – A 10’ DynaFlex sling will increase 6 pounds in water weight when rigged wet vs. 13 pounds for the same capacity and length Tu fl ex roundsling. Users will appreciate the weight reduction, minimizing rigger fatigue and increasing safety.• Neutral Buoyancy – DynaFlex slings are a great choice for water recovery and lifting applications.• 100% Dyneema Core (non-blended) – We use the most advanced high tenacity fiber on the market for lifting slings. The homogeneous core fiber reacts uniformly regardless of lift application. Designed with your safety in mind.• DynaFlex Single Component Twisted Core – Single path design allows higher strength retention around common rigging hardware. This saves time during hook up to the connection point and rigging vs. dual path slings. No need to worry about sling body orientation.•Promotes Safety – Customized designs are available, including higher capacity and/or shorter length versions.Note : DynaFlex slings are approved for use up to 158°F.High Performance Roundslings64™ULTRAKEYFLEXTUFLEXVerticalHigh Performance Roundslings65KEYFLEX ™ ROUNDSLINGSwith Technora ® coreThe chart at the right plots the weights of 20-ft. slings at various capacities:KeyFlex Benefits:• Low weight per capacity reduces risk of injury to riggers.•Great for low headroom situations.• 1% stretch at rated capacity reduces abrasion and allows for better load control.• KeyFlex with aramid load fiber is approved for use up to 350°F.•Lightweight and compact size promote speedier rigging, transport and storage when compared to any other type of sling.VerticalChoker@ 90°High Performance Roundslings66KEYFLEX™ULTRA ROUNDSLINGSThe Higher Capacity KeyFlex Roundsling• High Capacities : Up to 1/2 million pounds in a vertical hitch, or 1 million pounds in a basket hitch.• Rugged Construction : Our best 4-ply Tufhide ™ nylon jacket covers three individual Key F l ex roundslings with Technora ® core .• High Value : You get the Lift-All quality you expect which exceeds industry standards at a competitive price.• Extra Utility : KeyFlex Ultra roundslings can be returned to Lift-All for disassembly, inspection, and re-tagging as individual slings.•Repairable : The outer cover can be replaced.KeyF le x Ultra is 87% lighter than comparable capacity wire rope slings.This makes it easier tohandle, and safer for workers to use.Specialty Roundslings67Designed for suspension applicationsTHE STEEL SLING WITH THE FABRIC FEELSteelFlex roundslings feature steel galvanized aircraft cable wound in an endless configuration.This wire core is encased in a black double-wall, polyester jacket. A unique inspection window allows for easyinspection of the core for broken wires and corrosion. The result is a highly flexible, easy to use sling that complies with all of the current rigging codes. Stretch at rated capacity is approximately 1%.With safety being of the utmost importance in overhead suspension, Lift-All's SteelF l ex roundslingscombine flexibility, strength and heat resistance (400°F ) with the soft feel of fabric to meet your most demanding suspension requirements.400°F Temperature Rating NO Wire Rope Backup Needed Core Inspection Window Standard2. Sling lengths under 3' use a modified construction and do not have a seamless cover.Features and Benefits• Black cover for stage rigging applications.• No backup rigging required.• Engineered window allows for core inspection.• Superior flexibility makes rigging easy.• Conforms to the load to grip securely.• Superior cut resistance.How To MeasureLength™G e n e r a l I n f o r m a t i o ns These lightweight roundslings are ideal for easy and inconspicuous suspension of stage sound and lighting equipment. Black sleeve material helps sling blend into the surroundings. include all of the using a color-coded identification tag Specify LengthVerticalChokerBasketInspection Criteria69ROUNDSLING INSPECTION CRITERIACUTS TO THE COVERWHAT TO LOOK FOR: Broken fibers of equal length indicate that the sling has been cut. When core yarns are exposed, the damage to the yarns cannot be determined. Therefore, the sling must be taken out of service.TO PREVENT: Always protect synthetic slings from being cut by using cut protection. See Sling Protection section in this catalog.The following photos illustrate some of the damage that occurs and indicates the sling must be taken out of service. For inspection frequency requirements, see the General Information section in this catalog.HOLES, SNAGS, or PULLSWHAT TO LOOK FOR: Punctures or areas where fibers stand out from the rest of the sling surface. Inspect sling and remove from service if core yarn is exposed.TO PREVENT: Avoid sling contact with protrusions, both during lifts and while transporting or storing. See Sling Protection section in this catalog.Inspection Criteria70HEAT / CHEMICAL DAMAGEWHAT TO LOOK FOR: Melted or charred fibers anywhere along the sling. Heat and chemicaldamage look similar and can damage sling fibers, compromising the sling's strength. Look fordiscoloration and/or fibers that have been fused together and may feel hard or crunchy. Slingsshowing heat or chemical damage must be removed from service.TO PREVENT: Never use Tuf l ex ® roundslings where they can be exposed to temperatures in excess of 200°F, or around chemicals without confirming that the sling material is compatible with the chemicals being used. For elevated temperatures up to 350°F, use KeyFlex ™ roundslings.KNOTSWHAT TO LOOK FOR: Knots compromise the strength of slings by not allowing all fibers tocontribute to the lift as designed. Knots are rather obvious problems as shown here.TO PREVENT: Never tie knots in slings.ILLEGIBLE OR MISSING TAGSWHAT TO LOOK FOR: The information provided on the sling tag is important for knowing what sling to use and how it will function. If you cannot find or read all of the information on a sling tag, the sling must be taken out of service.TO PREVENT: Never set loads down on top ofslings or pull slings from beneath loads if there is any resistance. Load edges should never contact sling tags during the lift. Avoid paint or chemical contact with tags.Cuts to the cover NOT exposing internal core yarns. The double-walled jacket protects the inner core yarns from damage. If the damage appears only to the outer jacket and does not expose the inner core yarns, the sling may remain in service (except chemical or heat damage). The sling may also be returned to Lift-All for inspection and repair to the jacket.TO PREVENT: Use the appropriate sling protection between the sling and all edges that come in contact with the sling. See the Sling Protection section in this catalog.ROUNDSLING INSPECTION CRITERIA。

UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION(满分：120分建议用时：120分钟) 第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)ABest Smartphone Games to Put Your Brain to TestI am a fan of MMORPGs.But sometimes I play brain games.Here are four games for you that will surely put your brain to test.Real ChessChess has been bursting brains for many centuries, and this virtual(虚拟的) change of chess really brings a new taste.It’s not an ordinary game, for it’s a 3D virtual chess that lets you play with users from all around the world.You can chat with opponents, play with AI, get newbie(新手) tips and much more.The animations and 3D structures are really cool as well.Juice CubesJuice Cubes is a light and colorful game full of fruity juice cubes that you need to connect to pop and clear levels.There are multiple types of challenges, power-ups, and more than 550 levels to keep you addicted.It might seem easy at the start, but it will burst your brain when you reach higher levels.WorldBrain 2WorldBrain 2 is really a fun word game where you need to guess words based on the number of letters provided.Each word puzzle has a theme category, such as food, human body, color or even space.And you can also use hints(暗示) to solve the level when you get stuck.Your vocabulary is sure to be challenged in it.PuzzleramaPuzzlerama basically joins some of the top puzzles in one single app, making it a perfect app for puzzle lovers.It lets you play popular puzzle games such as flow, jigsaw, unblock, pipes，tangram and more.There are hundreds of levels available for each puzzle type and things get really tough as you advance.The game interface(界面) is also very colorful, and smooth animations make the game fun to play.1．What is special about Real Chess?A．It is a light and colorful game. B．It is a funny word game.C．It is a 3D virtual chess game. D．It has hundreds of levels.2．If you’re good at guessing words, which game is the best choice?A．Real Chess. B．Juice Cubes.C．WordBrain 2. D．Puzzlerama.3．Which games are likely to have bright and different colors in the interface design?A．Real Chess & WordBrain 2. B．Juice Cubes & WordBrain 2.C．WordBrain 2 & Puzzlerama. D．Puzzlerama & Juice Cubes.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四种能测试你大脑的智能手机游戏。