新编英语教程5Unit6教案

新编英语教程第三版第5册Unit6-10重点词汇短语语言点Unit61.Join in a symposium on sth./be included on the program参加一个有关...的研讨会2.Symposium seminar conference convention注意区分3.anchorman新闻节目主播4.Distinguished extinguish distinct distinctive instinct extinct5.To the core彻底地道的6.Aggressive progress progression regress digress7.Savvy：well-informed and perceptive:shrewd精明能干的有见识的8.Solid：definitely good and steady but perhaps not excellent or special相当不错的（但谈不上特别或出色的）9.In the ways and means在各方面10.,as i understand it,我认为11.Scrutinize：to observe or examine with great care~the diamond for flaws仔细察看钻石有无瑕疵12.Address a question to sb.提出问题13.Colleague college collage14.Prone be prone to...有。

倾向的15.Distortion歪曲扭曲事实的陈述16.React as though+从句17.Be blamed for/scold fault condemn因...而受到责难18.Deal with有关关于this is a book dealing with sth.19.Downside n.负面消极面20.At most至多；最迟21.Be apt to22.Sniper狙击兵23.Devalue贬值=devaluate24.Solely完全单独独自25.Collide with与...相撞26.Misshapen畸形的27.Catastrophe:a sudden event that causes many people to suffer灾难；灾祸；横祸28.Change for the better29.Underinformed&overinformed了解不足&知之甚多30.In turn转而31.Defeatism:an attitude to expect not to succeed32.Inhibitor抑制剂抑制者33.An unrelieved diet of=all coverage of比喻意多得令人生厌的事物Unrelieved:(formal)(of an unpleasant situation令人不快的情况)continuing without changing 持续不变的；未缓和的34.Deplete使空虚使消耗~sth of sthSurely it is an economic nonsense to deplete the world of natural resources.耗尽世界的自然资源毋庸置疑是愚蠢的经济行为。

李观仪《新编英语教程（5）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】目录Unit 1　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 2　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 3　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 4　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 5　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 6　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 7　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 8　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 9　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 10　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 11　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案Unit 12　一、词汇短语　二、参考译文　三、课文注释　四、练习答案弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录内容简介《新编英语教程（第3版）学习指南》按照原教材的课次进行编写，每单元涉及单元语法、词汇短语、参考译文、课文精解以及练习答案等内容，旨在帮助学生更好、更高效地学习和掌握教材中的重点及难点知识，具有很强的针对性和实用性。

在编写过程中，该书力求突出重点，答疑难点，语言言简意赅，讲解深入浅出，希望它能得到广大英语专业学生和英语自学者的喜爱和认可。

弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录Unit 1一、词汇短语Text I1clumsy [5klQmzi] adj. moving or doing things in a very awkward way 笨拙的，拙劣的：I spilt your coffee. Sorry—that was clumsy of me.我把你的咖啡弄洒了。

American’s educational career: kindergarten or nursery school led to elementary school, then to a middle school or junior high school, which was followed by high school and now college.What kind of student are colleges seeking?Most colleges prefer that in high school a student acquire a solid foundation in the basics -- four years of English, courses in history, science, mathematics, and, more and more frequently, foreign language. Admissions people expect that a student will have strong reading, writing, and math reasoning skills, and some degree of comfort with scientific process and laboratory equipment. But, beyond these basics, according to the College Entrance Examination Board, "Colleges seek to put together a community of young people who are alive -- who think, create, interact, share, and care." (Scott Gelband, Catherine Kubale, Eric Schorr, Your College Application, New York, College Entrance Examination Board, 1991, p. 6) Does that begin to sound like the typical homeschooler? I think it does, and here's why:Learning experiences for a student at home are not limited to five hours of class work Monday through Friday. For the home schooled student, the world is the classroom. The homeschooled student has "lived a full life, made choices, distinguished among options. [He or she has] become a growing, thinking person unlike any other." (Gelband, Kubale, Schorr, p. 6)Colleges are beginning to see this as well. Oklahoma State University, according to Grace Llewellyn, sends a recruiter specifically to interview homeschoolers. (Grace Llewellyn, The Teenage Liberation Handbook; How to Quit School and Get a Real Life and Education, Lowry House, Eugene, Oregon, 1991, p. 262) Boston University has solicited homeschoolers through Home Education Magazine. Hampshire College will make a campus visit to Clonlara School this fall. As home schoolers go to colleges and universities and do well, other colleges and universities are beginning to actively recruit home schoolers as well.Homeschoolers do well in college because they have had the kind of preparation which enables them to do well. They travel and use the community (even the world) as the classroom. They discuss their experiences with family and friends, do actual hands-on work, read newspapers and magazines, write letters, become involved in local issues that affect their communities, play games, and engage in all sorts of active learning situations.College entrance examinations are administered by independent agencies and are given at test sites throughout the country five or six times throughout the school year. These sites are usually high schools or junior colleges, but the testing agencies have no connections with these schools.The college entrance examinations are required in order for a student to be considered for admission to some colleges. They are recommended by other colleges. Some colleges do not require them at all. The colleges that use these tests look upon them as a way to measure on the same standard students of widely differing backgrounds. High test scores will send a clear message to the college admissions people that the student has the ability to do well in college. About 7.23 million high school graduates begin to sit the two-day national college entrance examinations in China June 7, 2004.。

*******************************************Putting Language to UseSpeak and Complete5 Mrs. Parks is talking about the weather of two places in the United States withher students. Read aloud the following dialogue with your partner by putting inthe missing words.Mrs. Parks: 1 ____________________ in California?Student A: It's always warm.Mrs. Parks: 2 _______________________ there?Student B: The temperature is always about 78 degrees.Student A: That's the temperature in 3 ______________. It's the same as 26degrees 4 ____________________.Mrs. Parks: 5 __________________ in Seattle?Student B: It's 6 ______________, because it rains almost every day andpeople are very happy when the sun 7 ______________.1.How is the weather2.What's the temperature3.Fahrenheit4.Celsius / Centigrade5.How's the weather6.terrible / awfules out*******************************************Speak and Communicate6 There is going to be a sports meet tomorrow. Bob is worried about the weatherand you are talking about it. Fill in the blanks according to the clues given in the brackets. Then act it out with your partner.Bob: I'm wondering if it is going to be fine tomorrow.You: You are right. 1 _____________________________________(说明天我们要开运动会).Bob: But look at the fog. You can only see things within a short distance.You: 2 ___________________________________________________(提醒说难道你没看到风在开始把它吹散吗)?Bob: Don't be so sure.You: I bet 3 ____________________ (说明天天气会好的).Bob: You've heard the morning weather forecast, haven't you?You: No. 4 ____________________ (问预报怎么说)?Bob: It says it's going to be foggy.You: 5 _____________________________ (问这就是他担心的原因，对不对)? Bob: Yes, it is.1.We shall have a sports meet tomorrow2.But don't you see the wind is beginning to lift it up.3.it will be fine tomorrow.4.What does it say?5.That's why you're worrying, isn't it?*******************************************Listen and Respond1-f, 2-h, 3-i, 4-j, 5-g, 6-c, 7-e, 8-d, 9-a, 10-b*******************************************Listen and Respond3 Listen to 6 sentences for workplace communication and choose their right responses.Back1) A) I'm sorry. B) It's noisy.C) I'd like to. D) It's wet.2) A) Don't mention it. B) No problem.C) It snows too much. D) It's popular there.3) A) The pleasure is mine. B) There is a chance of rain.C) It's wonderful. D) That's terrible.4) A) Me, too. B) How about you?C) What is it? D) Yes, it is.5) A) Me, too. B) Thank you.C) Not at all. D) That's nothing.6) A) Never mind. B) Many thanks.C) I'm glad to meet you. D) What does the weatherman say?Script1. What's the weather like there?2. What do you think of the weather here?3. What does the weatherman say?4. Hot day, isn't it?5. The heat is killing me. I feel like swimming.6. Is it going to cool down tomorrow?Script:*******************************************Handling a DialogueListen and Decode4 Listen to a dialogue and decode the message by finding out the correct choices in the brackets according to what you have heard.ScriptPat Alex comes by to see Li Hong. They talk about the party last night and about the weather.Li Hong: Hi, Pat! Why didn’t you go to the party last night?Pat: Because it was so cold and rainy.Li Hong: That's too bad! It was a really good party. Hey, why don't we go out for a walk this afternoon, Pat? I need some exercise.Pat: Go out for a walk? But it's so cold out.Li Hong: Cold out? What's the temperature?Pat: About 13℃.Li Hong: 13℃? That's not cold. Just wait until winter.Pat: Why?Li Hong: Well ... it snows a lot and sometimes it's very cold. Last winter it was 7 degrees below zero for three weeks. And it was windy, too.Pat: That sounds awful!Li Hong: It wasn't all that bad. The sun was out almost every*******************************************Understanding a Short Speech / TalkListen and Complete5 Now listen to a short speech / talk and fill up the blanks according to what you have heard. The words in brackets will give you some hints.Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Dalian, a famous summer resort (避暑胜地) and one of the best 1 ___________ (what?) in China. With clear sky, green mountains, blue seas, fine beaches, clean streets and lovely buildings, our city is 2 _________ (how?). Climate in Dalian is agreeable. It is 3 neither ________________ (how?) nor too hot in summer, with yearly average (平均的) temperature of about 10℃. People here can enjoy moderate (中等的) rainfalls and 4 ________________ (what?), and above all, clean and fresh air with the nice smell of 5 _______ (what?). We've got 6 ___________ (how many?) visitors coming here 7 ________________________ (from where?) every year. I bet you are going to have a great time here as you've just come 8 ______________________ (when?).1.tourist cities2.beautiful3.too cold in winter4.plenty of sunshine5.the sea6.thousands of7.from both home and abroad8.at the best time of year*******************************************Write and Apply Rules4 Analyze the following sentences to see what tenses they belong to.1) I've only been here for ten minutes or so.2) Ted has always worked in an accounting department.3) Mark has worked for this large company for many years.4) John graduated from Florida State University in 1990.5) We had the same weather in Detroit last year.6) He has never made a serious mistake at work.7) What has the weather been like recently?8) Robert went to school part-time while he worked full time.9) Robert has received two promotions so far.10) Robert has decided to look for a job in a larger company.1.PP 现在完成时2.PP3.PP4.P 过去时5.P6.PP7.PP8.P9.PP10.PP*******************************************Write and Correct Mistakes5 Correct the errors in the following sentences.1) They didn't see each other since September.2) Gina is in college for one year.3) She has worked at the cafeteria since nine months.4) He always arrived at his office on time before.5) He never had a problem with his boss.6) Did you ever take the telephone orders before?7) In the last three months, Robert trained more than twenty new employees.8) Robert has started to use a computer when he was an office worker.9) Robert attended several important business meetings in the last three years.10) So far they already got six traveler's checks.1.They haven't seen each other since September.2.Gina has been in college for one year.3.She has worked at the cafeteria for nine months.4.He has always arrived at his office on time before. / He used to have always arrived athis office on time before.5.He has never had a problem with his boss.6.Have you ever taken the telephone orders before?7.In the last three months, Robert has trained more than twenty new employees.8.Robert started to use a computer when he was an office worker.9.Robert has attended several important business meetings in the last three years.10.So far they have already got six traveler's checks.*******************************************6 Translate the following sentences into English.Write and Translate1) 昨天天气不好，实际上这几天天气一直不好。

Unit SixTEXT 1... MEANWHILE, HUMANS EAT PET FOODEdward H. Peeples, Jr.Objectives: to solve problems independently: interpreting at least 60% of the text independently,about 80% of the text with peer collaborations, and understanding the text fully with the teacher’s aid.to translate one para. into Chinese and then from this Chinese translation into English to compare the different use of language.Pre-class work1.Library work 1: American welfare & American people’s pet2. Library work 2: Collect some brief information on the location and living conditions of the following places – the south of the USA, Cleveland, Great Lakes, Illinois, Richmond, Philadelphia, Ozarks, Indian reservations3. Understand the author’s personal experiences of consuming pet food and his observations on human consumption of pet food by identifying the time, the place, the reason, and the feelings.4.LW 6 & comp. 3Pre-reading questions:1.American welfareFor the poor and the unemployed, provided by the govt or religious groups, some People dependent, some ashamed because a failure in career, self-sufficient.2.American people’s pet--- What is a pet? What ‘pet food’ might be? (Pre-class work 1)A pet is an animal kept as a companion, treated with care and affection, usually a cat or a dog. Pet food is tinned or canned food for pets.--- Is pet food meant for humans to eat? If not, under what circumstances might humans eat pet food? Is it harmful for humans to eat pet food? (Pre-class work 2) Pet food is not for humans to eat. Humans eat pet food when they cannot afford to buy decent food. Pet food may not be harmful for humans, but it is made of ingredients not meant for humans.--- How can humans be prevented from eating pet food?One way is to guarantee people job opportunities so that they can make a living.In-reading interpretationStep one: (paras. 1-7)This article seems to be a narration, telling the author’s personal experiences of consuming pet food and his observations on human consumption of pet food in the order of time sequence / in a chronological order. Try to understand his own experiences and observations one after another by completing the table below.feeling …’ etc. Besides, the following discussion and explanations are needed.1st time: (para. 1)1.What do you know about the South of USA?Refer to Lib. Work.2.What was the poor living conditions in the South described in the 1st para.?People lived in dilapidated houses with no running water, no refrigerator, no heat, no toilet and with the unrelenting stench of decaying insects (= a bad smell given off from decaying insects that does not go away).3.It was not uncommon and startling to see …In other words, eating pet food was the common diet practice in the South at that time. A lot of people was still poverty-stricken.2nd time in 1953: (paras. 2-4)1.Tell what you know about Cleveland.Refer to Lib. Work.2.Why did he go to Cleveland? Why couldn’t he get a job?He went there to seek his fortune, but he couldn’t get a job because he was considered as a hillbilly (= a person from a backward area, here, a poor white from the south of the US).So he saw no hopes. All the factories he asked for a job werepot-at-the-end-of-the-rainbow factories (Note 1)Because of his unemployment, his nest egg (= an amount of money saved for future use, savings) dwindled to nothing and at the same time his hunger grew. Therefore, he had to have pet food as his principle ration for several weeks.3.Why did he feel humiliated and why did he guarded the secret from others?He felt humiliated because pet food was considered as the food consumed by the ‘trash’ (i.e. poor whites in the South – Note 2). He carefully guarded the secret from everyone because he feared being judged a failure.It is generally accepted that failure is due to not working hard. Because of the failure in their career, they can’t get good pay. So they have to eat pet food if they are in a shortage of money. So those who eat pet food are considered as not diligently working people, as incapable people who fail in their career.4 A merciless pride … or family for help. In what sense is his ‘pride inself-sufficiency’ referred to ‘merciless’? (i.e.why ‘merciless’)(LW 6 & comp. 3-3)I was so extremely proud of being independent financially that I had no intention of getting help from charity or from my friends or family.He took so much pride in finding by himself the means for sustenance that he would not think of living on charity and asking for help. Consequently he would either have to starve or be reduced to eating pet food.Next time in 1956 (para. 5)1.summer session2.…fearing that … or that others who had ever less than I would feel...Sentence structure.Meaning : (Note 4)Later in the late 1950’s: (para. 6)1.What do you know about the Great Lakes?Refer to Lib. Work.2.Why does the author claim he is not a disciplined scientist?a disciplined scientist = Note 5I am not a scientist who does everything scientifically, accurately, based on experiment. So the data below is got from my rough estimation.Later experience: (para. 7)1.RichmondPhiladelphiaOzarksIndian reservationsStep two: (paras. 8-9)After giving these examples of human eating pet food, what else does the author want to say in the following paras.?1.While there do exist … consume pet food. (LW 6-2)In spite of the fact that there are occasional scientific reports and commentary onthe harm laundry starch and clay may do to our health if they are used as food, there is a lack of reliable statistics on the exact proportion of American families that do eat pet food.Or, although there are a lot of reports and commentary on the danger and harms of eating such things as …, there is little evidence to show the exact percentage of American families eating pet food. No one can tell the exact number of people consuming pet food.2.What is the author’s estimate based on his experience and research?His conservative estimate is that at least 225,000 American households or some 1,000,000 persons have pet food as a major / significant part / proportion of their everyday diet. And there are many more million people who supplement their diet with pet food / who have pet food as a subsidiary part of their everyday diet. So human consumption of pet food is widespread in the US.3.… current economic conditions … and our older citizens.--- How is the economic conditions? Worse and depressing.--- What is the effect on people? More people will eat more pet food, the unemployed, poor people and the older citizens.4.Isn’t it sufficient to know … must be done? (LW 6-3)If there is only one child or one senior citizen in America who is compelled to eat pet food or is left unprotected from poison, there is every reason to take some drastic measures to prevent it from happening.5.What does the author try to tell in paras. 8 & 9?Para. 8: ‘there is little solid epidemiological evidence…’ All the examples givenabove are based on my own experiences and observations rather than on scientific investigation; all the statistics come from my rough estimation rather than scientific research.Para. 9: As long as the problem of hunger and malnutrition exists, we must do something to solve it no matter how many people eat pet food, one person or a billion.I.e. even though we do not have enough hard data on human consumption of pet food,we should do something to solve the problem of hunger and malnutrition in America. Seeing one child or a single elderly person consuming pet food is sufficient for us to take measures to do away with the problem.Post-reading discussionp. 1--- Main idea: The present lack of hard data on human consumption ofpet foodshould not be a reason for not taking immediate measures to solve the problem of hunger and malnutrition in the US. (B)The author shows his personal experiences of consuming pet food and his observations on human consumption of pet food (paras 1-7) and urges to take immediate measures to solve the problem of hunger and malnutrition although we haven’t got enough hard data on human consumption of pet food (paras. 8 & 9).. & Devl.paras. 1-7:--- How does the author arrange all these details of his personal experiences of consuming pet food and his observations on human consumption of pet food?By following the time sequence, using the words and phrases in the WHEN column in the Table.--- Apart form being temporal, the ordering of the evidence helps to make the reader feel more and more acutely the severity of the problem. How is this achieved? (By following the order of seriousness. How is the severity increased?When he first observed people eating pet food, it was among his neighbors and acquaintances in the South. Then he had the personal experiences of eating it. But later he found it common among a larger number of people. And what’s more, some ate things worse than pet food. His experiences and observations, apart from following the time order, also follow the order of increasing severity.(Poor South --- prosperous Cleveland in the North --- well-educated --- a larger number of people --- things worse than pet food)Paras. 8-9:--- As we know the evidence is based on P’s own experiences and observations. There is a lack of hard / incontrovertible data on human consumption of pet food as the author says in line 41, ‘there is little solid epidemiological evidence’, for he was ‘not yet a disciplinedscientist.’ The data are his conservative estimation. Does the evidence weaken P’s argument, or are the estimated data not so convincing?P’s seems to think the data and evidence available at present are already sufficient to draw the conclusion. As he says near the end, it would be sufficient to know that there is one child or a single elderly person in the US who is reduced to eating pet food.However, theses details, compared with those carefully investigated or confirmed and the proven facts and the data from experiment, are moew likely to be open to attack, not so reliable, less convincing.--- How does he qualify his conclusion, i.e., state the degree of their probability? How does he relate this qualification to his purpose in writing?With regard to numbers, he avoids being too exact and specific, knowing full well that he can hardly afford to be so. Note his use of words like ‘conservative, estimate, at least, some’, and also the sentence ‘Who knows how many more millions supplement their diet with pet-food products?’ Such qualifications do no t weaken his argument. He seems to think the data available at present are already sufficient to draw the conclusion. As he says near the end, it would be sufficient to know that there is one child or a single elderly person in the US who is reduced to eating pet food.3.Analysis - Argument1) What’s the purpose of writing an argument? (to persuade the reader into believing that something is true.)2) What are the major factors in organizing an effective argument? (logical reasoning and sound evidence. i.e. reasons and supporting facts)3) What are the usual ways to organize an argument / to convince the reader of the thesis? (inductive way - from facts to conclusion; deductive way - vice versa.This article is written in an inductive way.)4) What should be noticed in choosing supporting details or facts? (true and relevant. typical examples and statistics are more convincing and reliable.)TEXT 2THE INVISIBLE POORMichael Harrington1.Identify the key sentences that show the reasons that make the other America (=that part of American people who are suffering from poverty) an invisible land and the paragraphs concerned with them.--- Poverty is often off the beaten track.(paras. 4-6)rural poverty is hidden away from tourists who normally travel on highways without penetrating into the country, and sometimes is masked by its natural beauty.--- The very development of American society is creating a new kind of blindness about poverty. (paras. 6-10)Urban transformation leads to the distributional segregation of poverty, and urban renewal creates the false impression about the existence of the poor.--- Clothes make the poor invisible too.(paras. 11-12)Mass production of garments enables even the poor to be decently dressed.--- Many of the poor are the wrong age to be seen. (para. 13)Most poor people are aged; they are less mobile and thus less visible.--- The poor are politically invisible.(paras. 15-18)Politically, the poor are not adequately represented; and their voice is not heard and attended to in the political life of the nation.2.Provide the evidence or details that support each of the reasons.--- the main highway: the hills, the streams, the foliage; even a run-down mountain house, fortunate to be so close to nature in their living and lucky to be exempt from the stains and tensions of the middle class.Off the beaten track: backward like the movie in the thirties, the company housesin rows, the rutted roads, black and dirty, unemployed men in the bar, women working in a runaway sweatshop, undereducated, underprivileged, lack medical care, misfit for city life…--- the poor living in the miserable housing / slums / tenements or hovels in the central area surrounded by towering, modern buildings so that they are inconspicuous of the sight of anyone else; almost everyone passed through the Negro ghetto or the blocks of tenements, middle-class women on the way to an evening at the theater, the business or professional men driving downtown to work, but their children were segregated in suburban schools;--- much easier to be decently dressed than to be decently housed, fed, or doctored. Even people with terribly depressed incomes can look prosperous. No work clothes in the factory but slacks and white shirts; shoes and stylishly cut suit or dress, yet hungry;--- the aged above 65 are often sick and cannot move, so invisible; the young below 18 sit in rented rooms, not disturb the quiet street of the middle class and rarely appear in a lurid tabloid story because of crimes so that they are invisible.--- no unions, no fraternal organizations, no political parties, no lobbies of their own, no legislative program; so atomized no face, no voice;In conclusion, if the poor still remain unseen / invisible to others, they cannot improve their life for no one will come to help them.3. The passage is an extract from a book written in the early 60’s. Do you think things have improved since then? Have you read anything or come across any figures that will help picture the situation in present-day America?The author’s personal experiences of consuming pet food and his observations on human consumption of pet food11。

Unit One Hit the Nail on the Head1. drive sth home: force (the nail) into the right place; make sth unmistakably clear.2. scrupulous: painstaking, meticulous3. far afield: very far away4. rife:1) widespread, common 2)full of5. leader: British English for newspaper editorial6. coercion: pressure, compulsion7. epitomize: be typical of; serve as the typical example of8. disprove: prove to be contrary; refute9. expire: die, pass away; come to an end10. indigent: poverty-stricken, pennilessUnit Two Beware the dirty seas1. sluice: (v.) to pour as if from a sluice(水闸)，i.e., a man-made passage for water fitted with a gate for stopping and regulating the flow; (n.) a channel controlling water flow2. nurture: further the development of; care for3. evolve: develop gradually (by a long continuous process)4. endemic: (of a disease) found regularly in a particular place5. litany: repetition. The literal meaning of “litany” is “a prayer consisting of a series of invocations and supplications by the leader with responses by the congregation”.6. flush: pour; flood with water to clean out (See dictionary)7. lurk: exist unseen8. effluent: liquid wastes, such as chemicals or sewage that flows out from a factory or some other places into a river or the sea9. plankton: very small forms of plant and animal life that live in a body off water 浮游生物10. slime: unpleasant sticky substance, such as the thick sticky liquid on the skin of various fishUnit Three My Friend, Albert Einstein1. knack: a clever way of doing things2. be in awe of: have respect as well as fear and reverence for3. staggering: unexpectedly surprising; astounding4. vestiges: traces5. ultimately: finally; after a long series of time6. recalcitrant: hard to deal with; unmanageable7. worry: assail a problem again and again until it is solved, just like a dog biting some small animals repeatedly, shaking it or pulling it with the teeth8. surcease: (archaic) cessation, pause9. plausible: seeming to be reasonable10. a house of cards: an insecure scheme11. ineffable: unutterable; incapable of being expressed in words12. elusively whimsical: indescribably quaint or strange 捉摸不透的，古怪Unit Four The Invisible Poor1. perennial: lasting forever or for a long time2. rutted roads: roads with deep, narrow marks made by the wheels of vehicles3. be exempt from: be freed from a duty. service, payment, etc.4. tenement: a large building, especially one in the poor part of a city, which is divided into small flats which are rented cheaply5. affluent: wealthy, prosperous6. compound v.: /kom'paund/ make worse by adding (something) to . . . (often used in the passive)7. existential: relating to human experience (a formal-word)8. lurid: sensational, shocking9. dispossessed: people who have lost all their possessions10. cynical: doubtful as to whether something will happen or whether it is worthwhile11. involvement: connection12. old rhetoric of reform: writings about reform in the past that sounded fine and important, but were really insincere and meaninglessUnit Five The Plug—in Drug:TV and the American Family,PartⅠ1. afflict: trouble2. asset: valuable object; advantage3. preposterous: unthinkable, absurd4. splintering: splitting, breaking up5. the peer group: a group of people of the same age, class, position. etc. here, group of children of the same age6. television-oriented: interested in and influenced by TV7. equivocal: ambiguous8. sorcerer: person who performs magic by using the power of evil spirits9. stint: fixed amount of work: here, the fixed TV programme10. conjure up: bring into the mind11. sane: (in this context) in possession of good relations/of a close bond12. backlog: a reserveUnit Six Preparing for College1. driving motive: the incentive / encouragement that urges them on;2. the rudiments: the basics, the fundamentals (The word rudiments is always in the plural form when used in this sense.)3. metaphysics: the branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts, etc. 形而上学，玄学，纯粹哲学4. conscious culture: the culture (i.e. customs, arts, etc,) that is directly perceptible or known to us5. fanatic: one who is very enthusiastic about a particular activity6. personify: express or represent ( a quality in human form)7. sedentary: inactive; done while sitting down8. underline: indicate the importance of9. balked: baffled; frustrated10. a maddening lot: a wild, uncontrollable group11. righteous sects: morally justifiable groups of people whose religious beliefs are considered different form those of a larger group12. relish: 味,味道,兴趣;开胃小菜;great enjoymentUnit Seven Grouping the Gifted:Pro1. innate: belonging to an individual from birth2. pursuit: an activity that one engages in as a profession, vocation, or avocation3. athlete: person who practises athletics; competitor or skilled performer in physical exercises4. heterogeneously: in such a way that members are very different from one another5. criterion /--ia: standard on which a decision may be based6. snob: one who has an offensive air of superiority (here, in matters of knowledge)7. elite: a socially superior group8. instill: put (ideas, etc. ) gradually but firmly into someone's mind by continuous effort9. spark: encourage; stimulate into greater activity10. latent: present and capable of becoming though not now visible or active11. skyrocket: rise or increase rapidly12. pay dividends: produce an advantage. especially as a result of an earlier action (dividend: that part of the money made by a business which is divided among those who own shares in the business 红利)Unit Eight Why Nothing Works1. savant: a man of learning, especially a person with detailed knowledge in some specialized field2. corollary: an immediate inference from a proved proposition3. forestall: defeat, prevent by prior measures4. commitment: a pledge to follow certain beliefs or a certain course of action; devotion (to duty etc. )5. artifact: a usually small object (as a tool or an ornament) showing human workmanship that has special historical interest6. evoke: bring to mind7. projectile point: the tip of a weapon that is thrust forward; spear or arrowhead8. band: a group of people formed for some common purpose and often with a leader9. barter: trade by exchanging one commodity for another10. alienation: a withdrawing or separation of a person from an object or position of former attachment; a feeling of not belonging to or being part of one's surroundingsUnit Nine Where Is the News Leading Us?1. symposium: a conference in which experts or scholars discuss a certain subject2. scrutinize: examine very closely and carefully3. distortion: misrepresentation; a false or dishonest account4. eruptive: (in this context) sensational, shocking, disturbing5. collide with: crash violently into; run into (one another)6. ingredient: a component part of something7. inhibitor: one who holds back, prevents8. deplete: exhaust, use up, reduce9. cynicism: disbelief in the sincerity of human motives10. antidote: remedy, corrective; something that prevents or counteracts11. envision: picture mentally, imagine, visualize12. caricature: a picture ludicrously滑稽的exaggerating the peculiarities or defects of persons or thingsUnit Ten Things:The Throw—Away Society1. Humanoid: having human form or characteristics2. texture: the degree of roughness or smoothness, coarseness or fineness, of a substance or material, especially as felt by touch; visual and tactile qualities of a surface3. staggering: stunning, wondrous, breathtaking4. deride: laugh at contemptuously; to scoff at or mock5. transience: temporariness, impermanence; the quality or state of being temporary or impermanent6. at a rapid clip: (informal) at a fast pace7. inextricably embedded: so deeply involved that it is impossible to get free8. boutique: a small fashionable clothes shop9. sumptuous: expensive and grand10. train: a part of a long dress that spreads over the ground behind the wearer11. A-line dresses: dresses with a flared bottom and close-fitting top, having an "A" or tent-like shape12. supplant: take the place of; replace。