英语专业英汉互译考研真题(英汉互译考研真题分析)【圣才出品】

2014年杭州电子科技大学外国语学院801英汉互译考研真题及详解（试题共二大题，共2页，总分150分）一、第一题：英译汉（本题共75分）Anyone with a passion for hanging labels on people or things should have little difficulty in recognizing that all apt tag for our time is the Unkempt Generation. I am not referring solely to college kids. The sloppiness virus has spread to all sectors of society People go to all sorts of trouble and expense to look uncombed, unshaved, unpressed.The symbol of the times is blue jeans—not just blue jeans in good condition but jeans that are flayed, torn, discolored. They don’t get that way naturally. No one wants blue jeans that are crisply clean or spanking new. Manufacturers recognize a big market when they see it And they compete with one another to offer jeans that are made to look as though they’re just been discarded by clumsy house painters after ten years of wear The more faded and seemingly ancient the garment, the higher the cost. Disheveled is in fashion; neatness is obsolete.Nothing is wrong with comfortable clothing. It’s just that current usage is more reflective of a slavish conformity than a desire for ease. No generation has strained harder than ours to affect a casual, relaxed, cool look; none has succeeded more spectacularly in looking as though it had been stamped out by cookie cutters. The attempt to avoid any appearance of being well groomed or even neat has aquality of desperation about it and suggests a calculated and phony deprivation. We shun conventionality, but we put on a uniform to do it. An appearance of alienation is the triumphant goal, to be pursued in oversize sweaters and muddy sneakers.Slovenly speech comes off the same spool. Vocabulary, like blue jeans, is being drained of color and distinction. A complete sentence in everyday speech is as rare as a man’s tie in the swank Polo Lounge of the Beverly Hills Hotel. People communicate in chopped-up phrases, relying on grunts and chants of “you know”or “I mean”to cover up a damnable incoherence Neatness should be no less important in language than it is in dress. But spew and sprawl are taking over. The English language is one of the greatest sources of wealth in the world. In the midst of accessible riches, we are linguistic paupers.Violence in language has become almost as casual as the possession of handguns. The curious notion has taken hold that emphasis in communication is impossible without the incessant use of four-letter words. Some screenwriters openly admit that they are careful not to turn in scripts that are devoid of foul language lest the classification office impose the curse of a (general) rating. Motion-picture exhibitors have a strong preference for the R(Restricted) rating, probably on the theory of forbidden fruit. Hence writers and producers have every incentive to employ tasteless language and gory scenes. (473 words)【参考译文】任何一个喜欢给别人或事物贴标签的人应该不难发现我们这个时代合适的标签是“邋遢的一代”。

2019年暨南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ. 词语翻译（30%）Section A. 英译汉（15%）1. USTR【答案】美国贸易代表署2. ASEAN【答案】东盟3. TCM【答案】中医药4. sole agency【答案】独家代理5. blue-chip stocks【答案】蓝筹股6. right of appeal【答案】上诉权7. chief referee【答案】首席裁判8. The Grapes of Wrath 【答案】愤怒的葡萄9. gene mutation【答案】基因突变10. punitive duties【答案】惩罚性关税11. dialectical materialism 【答案】辩证唯物主义12. tittytainment【答案】奶头乐理论13. wealth gap【答案】财富差距14. patriarchal society【答案】宗法社会15. cultural turn【答案】文化转向Section B. 汉译英（15%）1. 人工智能【答案】artificial intelligence2. 精准扶贫【答案】targeted poverty alleviation3. 供给侧改革【答案】supply-side reform4. 拦路虎【答案】road blocker5. 抖音【答案】Tik Tok6. 实名认证【答案】real name authentication7. 不可抗力【答案】force majeure8. 反倾销【答案】anti-dumping9. 扫脸支付【答案】face scan payment10. 零和思维【答案】zero-sum mentality11. 进博会【答案】China International Import Expo12. 文化自信【答案】cultural confidence13. 去库存【答案】stockpile removal14. 衣食住行【答案】food, cloth, housing, and transportation15. 《反分裂国家法》【答案】Anti-Secession LawⅡ. 英汉互译（120%）Section A. 英译汉（60%）It is extremely rare for Britain to take a foreign-policy stance at odds with that of its closest and most important ally, America. It is perhaps unprecedented for it to do so by siding, in a contentious issue of global financial governance, with the superpower’s emerging rival, China. Yet that, in effect, is how America seems to interpret Britain’s plans, announced on March 12th, to join China’s new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) as a founding shareholder. China, naturally, is chuffed. Most other observers are confused.The AIIB is one of a number of new institutions launched by China, apparently in frustration at the failure of the existing international financial order to adapt quickly enough to accommodate its astonishing rise. Efforts to reform the International Monetary Fund are stalled in the United States Congress. America retains its tradition grip in the management of the World Bank. The AsianDevelopment Bank remains based in Manila, but it is mostly run by Japanese bureaucrats.So, it is perhaps understandable that China, flush with the world’s biggest foreign-exchange reserves and anxious to convert them into “soft power”, is building an alternative system. Its plans do not just include the AIIB, but also a New De velopment Bank launched with its “BRICS” partners—Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa—and a Silk Road development fund to boost “connectivity” with its neighbors. And, in the security sphere, there is the Shanghai Co-operation Organization that links it with Russia and Central Asia.America, however, has reacted negatively to the AIIB. Its officials argue that they have not “lobbied against” it. Instead they merely stressed how important it is that such an institution abide by international standards—of transparency, creditworthiness, environmental sustainability, and so on. But officials in Singapore, for example, a close partner to both America and China, say they had some difficult discussions with America when they decided to support China’s initiativ e.【参考译文】英国在外交政策上采取与其最亲近、最重要的盟友美国不同的立场，这是十分罕见的。

2019年长沙理工大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词语翻译（每小题2分，共50分）1. 《西游记》【答案】Journey to the West2. 《五经》【答案】Five Classics3. 《论语》【答案】the Analects of Confucius4. 归化翻译【答案】domesticating translation5. 京津冀一体化【答案】Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration6. 有效合同【答案】valid contract7. 消费税【答案】consumption tax8. 浮动汇率【答案】floating exchange rate9. 股东【答案】shareholder10. 优先股【答案】preferred stock11. Great Expectations【答案】《远大前程》12. The Sound and the Fury 【答案】《喧哗与骚动》13. Gothic fiction【答案】哥特式小说14. Hard Times【答案】《艰难时世》15. Oliver Twist【答案】《雾都孤儿》16. The Wars of the Roses 【答案】玫瑰战争17. High Court of Justice 【答案】高等法院18. Enclosure Movement 【答案】圈地运动19. Catholicism【答案】天主教教义20. The Holy Bible【答案】圣经21. stagnation【答案】停滞22. investment trust【答案】信托公司23. deflation【答案】通货紧缩24. hard currency【答案】硬通货25. rediscount【答案】再贴现二、英汉互译（每小题50分，共100分）（一）汉译英我对于海，好像着了魔似的一天比一天迷恋起来，我爱它，甚至一天也不能离开它。

2018年杭州电子科技大学外国语学院801英汉互译考研真题及详解一、英译汉（本大题共1小题，每小题75分，本大题共75分）Several years ago I returned to Washington, D.C., and visited one of my old neighborhoods. I had been on Nash Street for more than twenty years and as I walked along the street, my mind was flooded by waves of nostalgia.I saw the old apartment building where I had lived and the playground where I had played. As I viewed these once familiar surroundings, images of myself as a child there came to mind. However, what I saw and what I remembered were not the same. I sadly realized that the best memories are those left undisturbed.As I remember my old apartment building, it was bright and alive. When I was a child, the apartment building was more than just a place to live in. It was a medieval castle, a pirate’s den, a space station, or whatever my young mind could imagine. I would steal away with my friends and play in the basement. This was always exciting because it was so cool and dark, and there were so many things there to hide among.Our favorite place to play was the coal bin. We would always use it as our rocket ship because the coal chute could be used as an escape hatch out of the basement into “outer space”. All of my memories were not confined to the apartment building; however, I have memories of many adventures outside of the building, also. My mother restricted how far we could go from the apartmentbuilding, but this placed no restrictions on our exploring instinct.There was a small branch in back of the building where my friends and I would play. We enjoyed it there because honeysuckles (金银花) grew there. We would go there to lie in the shade and suck the sweet smelling honeysuckles.This is how I remembered the old neighborhood; however, as I said, this is not how it was when I saw it. Unlike before, the apartment building was now rundown and in disrepair. What was once more than a place to live looked hardly worth living in. The court was dirty and broken up, and the windows in the building were all broken out.The once clean walls were covered with graffiti and other stains. There were no medieval knights or pirates running around the place now, nor spacemen insisted, there were a few tough looking adolescents who looked much older than their ages.The once sweet smelling area now smelled horrible. The stench from my once idyllic haven was heart wrenching.I do not regret having seen my old neighborhood. However, I do not think my innocent childhood memories will ever be the same. I suppose it is true when they say, “You can never go home again.”【参考译文】几年前我回到了华盛顿，重访我的一处故居。

2012年四川外国语大学811英语翻译与写作考研真题及详解【圣才出品】2012年四川外国语大学811英语翻译与写作考研真题及详解I.Translate the underlined parts into Chinese.(50Points)I have a mind to fill the rest of this paper with an accident that happened just under my eyes,and has made a great impression upon me.I have just passed part of this summer at an old romantic seat of my Lord Harcourt’s,which he has lent me.It overlooks a common field,where,under the shadow of a haycock,sat two lovers,as constant as ever were found in romance,beneath a spreading beech.The name of the one(let it sound as it will)was John Hewett;of the other,Sarah Drew. John was a well-set man about five-and-twenty;Sarah a brown woman of eighteen. John had for several months borne the labor of the day in the same field with Sarah; when she milked,it was his morning and evening charge to bring the cows to her pail.Their love was the talk,but not the scandal of the neighborhood;for all they aimed at was the blameless possession of each other in marriage.It was but this very morning that he obtained her parents’consent,and it was but till the next week that they were to wait to be happy.Perhaps this very day,in the intervals of their work,they were talking of their wedding clothes;and John was now matching several kinds of poppies and field flowers to her complexion,to make her a present of knots for the day.While they were thus employed(it was on the last day of July,)a terrible storm of thunder and lightning arose,that drove the laborers to what shelter the trees or hedges afforded. Sarah,frightened and out ofbreath,sunk on a haycock,and John(who neverseparated from her)sat by her side,haying raked two or three heaps together to secure her.Immediately there was heard so loud a crack as if heaven had burst asunder.The laborers,all solicitous for each other’s safety,called to one another: those who were nearest our lovers,hearing no answer,stepped to the place where they lay.They first saw a little smoke,and after,this faithful pair;John with one arm about Sarah’s neck,and the other held over her face,as if to screen her from the lightning.They were struck dead,and already grown stiff and cold in this tender posture.There was no mark or discoloring on their bodies,only that Sarah’s eyebrow was a little singed,and a small spot between her breasts.They were buried next day in one grave,in the parish of Stanton Harcourt; where my Lord Harcourt,at my request,has erected a monument over them.【参考译文】我想在信纸空余的地方写一写我亲眼见到的一件事情，这件事给我留下很深的印象。

2011年青岛大学外语学院848英汉互译与汉语写作考研真题Part I.Translate the following terms and passages into Chinese(60points).A1.setting2.plot3.point of view4.flat character5.dramatic monologue6.black humor7.tragicomedy8.expressionism9.lost generation10.stream of consciousnessBThe speciality of the novel is that the writer can talk about his characters as well as through them,or can arrange for us to listen when they talk to themselves.He has access to self-communings,and from that level he can descend even deeper and peer into the subconscious.A man does not talk to himself quite truly—not even to himself;the happiness or misery that he secretly feels proceeds from causes that he cannot quite explain,because as soon as he raises them to the levelof the explicable they lose their native quality.The novelist has a real pull here.He can show the subconscious short-circuiting straight into action(the dramatist can do this too);he can also show it in its relation to soliloquy.He commands all the secret life,and he must not be robbed of his privilege.C...There the meadows are all lawns with the lustrous green of spring even in August,and often over-shadowed by old,fruit-trees—cherry,or apple,or pear;and on Sunday after the rain there was an April glory and freshness added to the quiet of the later summer.Nowhere and never in the world can there have been a deeper peace;and the bells from the little red church down by the river seemed to be the music of it,as the song of birds is the music of spring.There one saw how beautiful the life of man can be,and how men by the innocent labors of many generations can give to the earth a beauty it has never known in its wildness.And all this peace, one knew,was threatened;and the threat came into one's mind as if it were a soundless message from over the great eastward plain;and with it the beauty seemed unsubstantial and strange,as if it were sinking away into the past,as if it were only a memory of childhood.D“His pride,”said Miss Lucas,“does not offend me so much as pride often does,because there is an excuse for it.One cannot wonder that so very fine ayoung man,with family,fortune,everything in his favor,should think highly of himself.If I may so express it,he has a right to be proud.”“That is very true,”replied Elizabeth,“and I could easily forgive his pride,if he had not mortified mine.”“Pride,”observed Mary,who piqued herself upon the solidity of her reflections,“is a very common failing I believe.By all that I have ever read,I am convinced that it is very common indeed,that human nature is particularly prone to it,and that there are very few of us who do not cherish a feeling of self-complacency on the score of some quality or other,real or imaginary.Vanity and pride are different things,though the words are often used synonymously.A person may be proud without being vain.Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves,vanity to what we would have others think of us.”Part II.Translate the following passages into English(40points).我对于海，好像着了魔似的一天比一天迷恋起来，我爱它，甚至一天也不能离开它。

2016年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词语翻译：英译汉(每题1分，总共15分)1. demographics【答案】人口统计学2. play the field【答案】脚踩两条船3. endowment insurance【答案】养老佣金、养老保险4. Good Samaritan Law【答案】“好人法”；好撒玛利亚人法5. probity and self-discipline【答案】廉洁自律6. tenacious determination【答案】壮士断腕的决心7. nepotism【答案】裙带关系8. low profile【答案】低调，低姿态9. marathon-viewing【答案】煲剧；刷剧10. co-starring【答案】联袂主演11. OECD【答案】经济合作与发展组织12. CATTI【答案】全国翻译专业资格水平考试13. TPP【答案】跨太平洋伙伴关系协定14. IAAF【答案】国际田联15. AIIB【答案】亚洲基础设施投资银行二、词语翻译：汉译英(每题l分)1. 全面二孩政策【答案】the universal two child policy2. 大病医疗【答案】critical illness medical care3. 四个全面战略布局【答案】the strategy of four comprehensives4. 万众一心【答案】forge ahead as one5. 一带一路倡议【答案】the Belt and Road Initiative6. 门当户对【答案】be matched for marriage7. 量体裁衣【答案】act according to actual circumstance8. 拼爹【答案】parents privilege competition9. 空巢老人【答案】empty-nester10. 任性【答案】wayward/headstrong/capricious11. 徇私舞弊【答案】making favoritism12. 至亲【答案】closely-knit kinsmen13. 自主知识产权【答案】Independent intellectual property rights14. 噱头【答案】gimmick stunt15. 山体滑坡【答案】landslide三、英汉互译：英译汉（每篇60分，总共60分）Beijing is taking aim at the “sharing economy" in China, publishing draft regulations that would impose taxi-like restrictions on private car-hailing services and could raise costs for internet booking leaders Uber and Didi Kuaidi．The regulations ,open for public comment for a month, would require Internet-based car-booking operators to obtain licences, set up local offices and maintain China-based servers, China’s Ministry of Transportation said in a draft posted on its website late on Friday.The release comes two days after Shanghai awarded the first municipal internet car-hailing licence in China to Didi, an important step towards regulating an industry that has been controversial in cities around the world．Municipalities from Amsterdam to New Delhi have struggled to control the proliferation of car-hailing apps，ensure passenger safety and deal with the impact of such services on the traditional taxi industry．Uber and Didi，the mainland market leader，have long operated in a grey areaof Chinese law, with most municipalities ruling private taxis technically illegal. That ban has not been rigorously or consistently enforced, however. Beijing plans by the end of the year to announce national rules that could either formally legalise the growing car-hailing industry or strangle it.People in the industry point out that even if the draft regulationsare adopted，there still would be ample room for municipal regulators to issue detailed local policies that could affect their implementation．Some of the rules are as strict as those on the heavily regulated traditional taxi industry, and thus could prove costly if rigorously enforced nationwide, they said．【参考译文】北京方面把目光投向中国的“共享经济”，发布法规草案，拟对私人叫车服务实行类似于出租车的限制，此举可能推高互联网打车应用领先者优步和滴滴快的的成本。

第1章词汇翻译一、翻译下面的句子，注意所选用词的感情色彩。

1.①As luck would have it,no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.②As luck would have it,there was rain on the day of the picnic.【译文】①幸运的是，爆炸发生时，没人在建筑物里。

②不凑巧的是，野餐那天下雨了。

2.①One player in particular deserves a mention.②He deserves to be locked up forever for what he did.【译文】①一名运动员特别值得表扬。

②他做了这样的事，活该终身监禁。

3.①Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.②That athlete tried to relive his glory days.【译文】①凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。

②那运动员试图重温他的光辉岁月。

4.①The bell is not working.②Your idea won’t work in practice.③Professor White is at work on a new book.【译文】①铃不响了。

②你的想法实际上行不通。

③怀特教授正在写一本新书。

5.①Our plan succeeded.②The underwriter realizes this and certainly does not set out to make lifedifficult for his agency colleagues.However,he has a job to do.Part of that job is to ensure that people who attempt to buy policies because they expect to “die”soon do not succeed in fooling him and his company.【译文】①我们的计划成功了。

2013年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解招生专业：外国语言学及应用语言学科目名称：英汉互译（同传）一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）The elections in France and Greece tell us that austerity fatigue has set in.This is not surprising.For many countries no plausible exit exists from depression, deflation and despair.If the currency union were a normal fixed exchange rate arrangement,it would collapse,as did the gold standard in the1930s and the Bretton Woods system in the1970s.The question is whether the fact that it is a monetary union will do more than delay that outcome.Mr.Hollande says his mission is to give Europe“a dimension of growth and prosperity”.So can he achieve this laudable aim?Fiscal tightening does not improve outcomes in shrinking economies.Thus, austerity is merely begetting more austerity.According to IMF,the ratio of gross public debt to gross domestic product will rise,not fall,in every year from2008to 2013in Ireland,Italy,Spain and Portugal.It will briefly fall in Greece,but only because of its debt restructuring.The IMF forecasts that the economy will shrink this year,in real terms,and growth is forecast,optimistically,at close to zero in these countries in2013.This is politically perilous.The emergence of still more extremist parties and a rising sense of betrayal seems inevitable.(206)【参考译文】法国和希腊的选举告诉我们，“紧缩计划疲劳症”已开始显现。

郭著章李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解（⽂化与翻译）【圣才出品】第8章⽂化与翻译8.1 复习笔记第1节概述⼀、⽂化概念1. ⼴义⽂化⼴义论者认为：⽂化是个⼏乎⽆所不包的⼤范围、⼤概念，既有属于物质领域的，也有属于意识形态领域的。

据此⼴义定义，美国著名翻译理论家尤⾦·奈达将语⾔⽂化特性分为五类：(1) Ecology⽣态学；(2) Material Culture物质⽂化；(3) Social Culture社会⽂化；(4) Religious Culture宗教⽂化；(5) Linguistic Culture语⾔⽂化。

2. 狭义⽂化狭义论者却认为⽂化只指精神⽂明，这是中外⼤多数⼈⽐较⼀致的看法。

⼆、翻译与⽂化关系1. 任何翻译都离不开⽂化。

历来有经验的译者或翻译研究者都⽐较注意⽂化与翻译的关系。

2.在学习⼀种语⾔的过程中认真研究与该语⾔相关联的⽂化，⼤量的⽂化信息可以等值传递，这就是两种⽂化共性的东西。

与两种⽂化的差异相联的内容构成了翻译中的难题，这种难题任何译者都会经常遇到。

第2节⼤众审美⼼理与⼴告翻译⼀、⼤众审美⼼理与⼴告翻译的关系审美⼼理是⼀种综合的⽂化意识，涉及到政治观点、宗教观念、⽣活⽅式和风俗习惯等各个⽅⾯，⼤众审美⼼理更是如此；⽽⼴告⼜是⼀种⾯对⼤众的重要宣传⼿段，本⾝就是⼀种重要的社会⽂化，它不仅要遵循社会⽂化习惯和投合⼤众审美⼼理，⽽且在影响和形成社会⽂化和审美⼼理⽅⾯起着重要作⽤。

⼆、翻译⽅法1. 熟悉外族⽂化，了解异域⼈民审美⼼理；否则的话，就会在出⼝商品的商标翻译中出现败笔。

如：“蜜蜂”牌洗澡⾹皂被直译为“Bees”，看来也是完全对应的英译，但英⽂读者却不欢迎这个译名，因为蜜蜂⾝上有⼏乎看不见的绒刺，擦在⾝上⾃然感觉不到舒服。

2. 为向译⽂读者忠实地转达原⽂信息，有时要作适当的⽂化转换。

如：“⽟兔”这⼀商标为什么英译成“Moon Rabbit”⽽不译成“Jade Rabbit”?原因在于：“⽟兔”乃我国神话中陪伴吴刚⽣活在⽉宫桂花树下的兔⼦，因此，它⼜成为⽉的代称。

2010年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、英汉词组互译（30分）1. EU【答案】欧盟2. FAO【答案】联合国粮农组织3. L/C【答案】信用证4. OECD【答案】经济合作与发展组织5. POD【答案】货到付款6. WTO【答案】世界贸易组织7. NASA【答案】美国航空航天局8. OPEC【答案】石油输出国组织9. UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织10. account balance【答案】账户平衡11. automated teller machine 【答案】自动柜员机12. checks and balances【答案】制衡13. installment plan【答案】分期付款14. most-favored nation treatment 【答案】最惠国待遇15. bonded goods【答案】保税货物16. 报关【答案】custom clearance17. 恶性循环【答案】vicious cycle18. 节能【答案】energy-saving19. 贸易顺差【答案】trade surplus20. 优惠关税【答案】preferential duty21. 购货合同【答案】contract on purchase loans22. 安检【答案】security check23. 战略伙伴关系【答案】strategic partnership relationship24. 安理会常任理事国【答案】permanent member of the UN security council25. 关贸总协定【答案】general agreement tariff trade26. 自负盈亏【答案】be responsible for one’s own losses and profits27. 政企分开【答案】separation of enterprise management from government functions28. 液晶显示器【答案】LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)29. 载人航天计划【答案】manned space program30. 外向型经济【答案】export-oriented economy二、将下列段落译成汉语（60分）There are roughly three New Yorks. There is, first, the New York of the man or woman who was born here, who takes the city for granted and accepts its size and its turbulence as natural and inevitable. Second, there is the New York of the commuter - the city that is devoured by locusts each day and spat out each night. Third, there is the New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York in quest of something, the city that is a goal. It is this third city that accounts for New York's high-strung disposition, its poetical deportment, its dedication to the arts, and its incomparable achievements. Commuters give the city its tidal restlessness; naives give it solidity and continuity; but the settlers give it passion. And whether it is a farmer arriving from Italy to set up a small grocery store in a slum, or a young girl arriving from a small town in Mississippi to escape the indignity of being observed by her neighbors, or a boy arriving from the Corn Belt with a manuscript in his suitcase and a pain in his heart, it makes no difference; each embraces New York with the intense excitement of first love, each absorbs New York with the fresh eyes of an adventurer, each generates heat and light to dwarf the Consolidated Edison Company. The commuter is the queerest bird of all.The suburb he inhabits has no essential vitality of its own and is mere roost where he comes at day's end to go to sleep.(280 words)【参考译文】纽约人大体上有三类。

2010年南京师范大学外国语学院351英语翻译基础考研真题及详解科目代码：351科目名称：英语翻译基础（英译汉）考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则无效。

I. Please translate the following sentences into Chinese. (50%)1. Parents often feel inadequate when confronted on the one hand with the eager, sensitive mind of a child and on the other hand with a world of complex physical nature.【答案】父母一方面要面对孩子热切敏锐的头脑，另一方面还要面对一个错综复杂的物质世界，这时候，父母们往往会感到力不从心。

2. There is symbolic as well as actual beauty in the migration of the birds, the ebb and flow of the tides, the folded bud ready for the spring. There is something infinitely healing in the repeated refrains of nature—the assurance that dawn, comes after night, and spring after the winter.【答案】鸟儿的迁徙、潮水的涨落、含苞的花蕾，既有象征性的美，又有实际意义上的美。

在循环往复的大自然中有着无限治愈性的存在——黑夜过后一定是黎明，冬天过后一定是春天。

3. In a time of increasing specialization—a time when 90 percent of all the scientists who have ever lived are currently alive—more than ever we need to know what is truly important in life.【答案】在一个日益专业化的时代，在一个所有科学家中有90%都还健在的时代里，我们比过去任何时候都更需要了解生活中什么才是真正重要的。

第1章翻译概述1.1 复习笔记第1节翻译自学方法和译者合格条件一、翻译自学方法掌握必要翻译知识和理论，进行大量实践阅读翻译理论书籍、期刊，进行名著翻译实践、阅读翻译技巧书籍、浏览翻译网站等。

二、译者合格条件（一）外文水平高有些原文在特定情况下有特定译法，不能一概而论。

要特别重视基本功的训练。

1. (Just) imagine (it).【译文】不可能/想不到/没想到【解析】≠把它想象一下吧。

2. I’ll buy it.【译文】我不懂。

/我答不出。

/请告诉我。

【解析】≠我将买它。

（二）中文水平高母语好是理解和表达的需要。

理解指汉译英时理解汉语原文，表达指英译汉时可用好的汉语来表达。

（三）知识面广1. John can be relied on, he eats no fish and plays the game.【译文】约翰为人可靠，他既诚实又正直。

【解析】需要英国历史典故方面的知识。

2. The Security Council has been seized of the question since then.【译文】安理会自那时以来就一直受理这个问题。

【解析】需要国际法方面的知识。

3. Nyaungu was actually the boundary between the two Japanese divisions.【译文】良字实际上是日军两个师的结合部。

【解析】需要地理、军事等方面的知识。

（四）政治觉悟高这一点在决定用词褒贬时要特别注意。

1. the peasant uprisings in the history of China【译文】中国历史上的农民起义【解析】不能根据英国的ALD及其香港出的汉译翻成“中国历史上的农民叛乱(或叛变)”，而应译为“农民起义”。

2. The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent.【译文】敌人杀害了我们一位同志，我们宰了一个敌特。

2011年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词语翻译：英译汉（每题1分，总共15分)1. European monetary integration【答案】欧洲货币整合2. fuel economic growth【答案】拉动经济增长3. junk bond【答案】垃圾债券4. caller ID telephone【答案】来电显示5. parkinsonism【答案】帕金森6. solar cell plate【答案】太阳能电池板7. open-ended fund【答案】开放型基金8. Gall up Poll【答案】盖洛普民意测验9. conditions-based withdrawal【答案】有条件撤军10. ATM【答案】自动取款机11. HDTV【答案】高清晰度电视12. IDD【答案】国际直拨长途电话（International Direct Dial）13. CPI【答案】居民消费指数14. ASAP【答案】尽快（As Soon As Possible）15. APEC【答案】亚太经合组织二、词语翻译：汉译英（每题1分，总共15分)1. 谈判筹码【答案】bargain chips2. 黑金【答案】Black Gold3. 超国民待遇【答案】super - national treatment4. 离岛免税政策【答案】offshore duty-free policy5. 弱势群体【答案】Disadvantaged Groups6. 积分制【答案】integrating system7. 自主招生【答案】independent recruitment8. 国家出入境检验检疫局【答案】CHINA ENTRY-EXIT INSPECTION AND QUARANTINE BUREAU(CIQ)9. 霸王条款【答案】imparity clause10. 暗箱操作【答案】under the table/backroom deal11. 爱心工程【答案】Loving Care Project12. 国家科技进步奖【答案】National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology13. 在职博士生【答案】on-job doctorate14. 大病统筹【答案】comprehensive arrangement for serious disease15. 论资排辈【答案】be promoted according to status or seniority三、英汉互译：英译汉（每篇60分，总共分，总共60分）I established a new High Level Panel on Global Sustainability, co-chaired by the Presidents of Finland and South Africa. I am sure you will be pleased to know that Administrator of the China Meteorological Administration, and a distinguished alumnus of this university, is a member of the Panel. I have asked this Panel to offer a vision for sustainable development and prosperity for a planet under increasing pressure. I have asked them to find integrated solutions to the global challenges of poverty, climate change, water, food, and energy security. These problems are interconnected. The Panel will report back by the end of 2011. Its work will venture into many issues, many sectors, many cross-cutting areas. I have asked the Panel members to think big, to be bold and ambitious not to shy away from controversy. And I have asked them to be strategic and practical. Their recommendations must be politically viable and lead to tangible progress. Their findings will feed into intergovernmental processes, such as the climate change negotiations. They will play a key part in the Rio 2012 Earth Summit, twenty years after world leadersagreed on Agenda 21, our blueprint for sustainable development.We are seeing some progress on important issues, such as adaptation, technology cooperation and steps to reduce deforestation. I also believe there has been some progress on financing, both on mobilizing 30 billion dollars of fast-start finding over the next three years and also on the 100 billion dollars a year envisioned by 2020. I am, however, 3 concerned about slow progress in other areas. Among them: setting mitigation targets，monitoring and verification，and the future of the Kyoto Protocol. We must not allow momentum to stall. We must not jeopardize the gains we have made.The UNFCCC process must go forward in Cancun in December I am there for calling on all member states, all governments of the world to work together in a spirit of compromise and common sense. Progress on adaptation, technology cooperation, deforestation and finance can achieve powerful results, results that can offer hope and change the lives of hundreds of millions of people, particularly the world’s poorest and most vulnerable.【参考译文】我与芬兰总统、南非总统共同成立了全球可持续问题高级别小组。

2018年宁波大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词语互译（2×20＝40分）说明：本部分共20个词语，汉语和英语各10个，或选自国内外时事新闻，或选自翻译理论术语。

请将汉语词语翻译为英语，英语词语翻译为汉语。

1. 脸部识别技术【答案】face recognition technology2. 美国总统对中国的国事访问【答案】a state visit to China by the president of the United States3. 供给侧改革【答案】supply-side reform4. 国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划【答案】the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China5. 激发创新活力【答案】stimulate innovation vitality6. 社会主义核心价值观【答案】the core values of socialism7. 不忘初心【答案】stay true to the mission8. 房地产市场【答案】real estate market9. 经济全球化【答案】economic globalization10. 软实力【答案】soft power11. translation process【答案】翻译过程12. functional equivalence【答案】功能对等13. source language【答案】源语14. communicative translation 【答案】交际翻译15. target text【答案】目标语16. domestication【答案】归化17. informative text type【答案】信息文本类型18. literary translation【答案】文学翻译19. translator’s subjectivity【答案】译者主体性20. the invisibility of the translator【答案】译者的隐形二、英汉篇章翻译（1×60＝60分）Middle-aged, unemployed, single and my money spent, I’m an utter failure in comparison to many of my college peers.I graduated from an elite university in the 1980s. My class of approximately 1550 has generated a Nobel Prize winner, a Pulitzer Prize winner, a World Bank chief, a few ambassadors, at least one current governor and several mayors. I know former classmates who are university presidents, college professors, CEOs and so on.What a load of over-achievers!Meanwhile, the rest of us remain uncelebrated, absent from the public eye, not courted by private bankers, nosy paparazzi (狗仔队), respected charities, luxury real estate agents or art auction houses.Post-graduate achievement is usually measured in degrees earned and awarded, class rankings, corporate titles, magazine covers and social media popularity, and money made. At elite institutions’ alumni gatherings, the bar for storytelling is set high, with summary biographies of our most luminous graduates shared in hushed murmurs. How can we compare ourselves to our peer’s stupendously visible achievements and not think ourselves failures?In the 1800s, Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard (克尔凯郭尔) addressed the same question with his own story: “The Lily in the Field and the Bird of the Air”. Init, Kierkegaard describes a little bird that loves to gossip to its friend the lily. The bird, he writes, has a bad habit of saying “all sorts of things, true and untrue, about o ther places where lilies far more splendid were found in great abundance”. The listening lily, in turn, becomes troubled. Seeing its own unsplendid existence in comparison to the bird’s fantastic tales of other and better lilies, the lily begins to doubt whether it deserves to call itself a lily at all.In the distress of comparison, the troubled person may go at last so far that in view of the difference he forgets that he is a man. In despair, he conceives himself so different from other men, that he even conceives he is different from what is meant by being a man, just as the lily was so inconspicuous that it was questionable if it was really a lily.In other words, it’s not just painful to doubt. T o measure success in any way but from the inside is to rock the foundations of your identity.Most of us are already busy enough trying to get by. We are busy with the practical tasks of everyday living, doing and redoing, learning and changing, and sometimes staying the course. We might compare our performance on an examination, or a recent grant proposal; but to compare ourselves against others in the totality of being a successful adult is odious and futile.Many of us are not the kind of successful that’s easy to see. Many of us who have enjoyed financial success were extremely fortune, but perhaps not so lucky in love. Many of us understand now that no matter how hard you work or how brilliant y ou might be, luck has far more to do with “success” than one mightimagine.【参考译文】中年，失业，单身，破产，我与许多大学同学们相比是一个完完全全的失败者。

2019年暨南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】2019年暨南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ. 词语翻译（30%）Section A. 英译汉（15%）1. USTR【答案】美国贸易代表署2. ASEAN【答案】东盟3. TCM【答案】中医药4. sole agency【答案】独家代理5. blue-chip stocks【答案】蓝筹股6. right of appeal【答案】上诉权7. chief referee【答案】首席裁判8. The Grapes of Wrath 【答案】愤怒的葡萄9. gene mutation【答案】基因突变10. punitive duties【答案】惩罚性关税11. dialectical materialism 【答案】辩证唯物主义12. tittytainment【答案】奶头乐理论13. wealth gap【答案】财富差距14. patriarchal society【答案】宗法社会15. cultural turn【答案】文化转向Section B. 汉译英（15%）1. 人工智能【答案】artificial intelligence2. 精准扶贫【答案】targeted poverty alleviation 3. 供给侧改革【答案】supply-side reform4. 拦路虎【答案】road blocker5. 抖音【答案】Tik Tok6. 实名认证【答案】real name authentication 7. 不可抗力【答案】force majeure8. 反倾销【答案】anti-dumping9. 扫脸支付【答案】face scan payment10. 零和思维【答案】zero-sum mentality11. 进博会【答案】China International Import Expo12. 文化自信【答案】cultural confidence13. 去库存【答案】stockpile removal14. 衣食住行【答案】food, cloth, housing, and transportation15. 《反分裂国家法》【答案】Anti-Secession LawⅡ. 英汉互译（120%）Section A. 英译汉（60%）It is extremely rare for Britain to take a foreign-policy stance at odds with that of its closest and most important ally, America. It is perhaps unprecedented for it to do so by siding, in a contentious issue of global financial governance, with the superpower’s emerging rival, China. Yet that, in effect, is how America seems to interpret Britain’s plans, announced on March 12th, to join China’s new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) as a founding shareholder. China, naturally, is chuffed. Most other observers are confused.The AIIB is one of a number of new institutions launched by China, apparently in frustration at the failure of the existing international financial order to adapt quickly enough to accommodate its astonishing rise. Efforts to reform the International Monetary Fund are stalled in the United States Congress. America retains its tradition grip in the management of the World Bank. The AsianDevelopment Bank remains based in Manila, but it is mostlyrun by Japanese bureaucrats.So, it is perhaps understandable that China, flush with the world’s biggest foreign-exchange reserves and anxious to convert them into “soft power”, is building an alternative system. Its plans do not just include the AIIB, but also a New De velopment Bank launched with its “BRICS” partners—Brazil, Russia, India and South Africa—and a Silk Road development fund to boost “connectivity” with its neigh bors. And, in the security sphere, there is the Shanghai Co-operation Organization that links it with Russia and Central Asia.America, however, has reacted negatively to the AIIB. Its officials argue that they have not “lobbied against” it. Instead they merely stressed how important it is that such an institution abide by international standards—of transparency, creditworthiness, environmental sustainability, and so on. But officials in Singapore, for example, a close partner to both America and China, say they had some difficult discussions with America when they decided to support China’s initiativ e.【参考译文】英国在外交政策上采取与其最亲近、最重要的盟友美国不同的立场，这是十分罕见的。

第3章翻译理论考研真题详解说明：由于一些院校不考翻译理论方面的试题，因此，这方面的考研真题并不太多，本书本节的考研真题实际上几乎收集了全国重点院校近年翻译理论方面的全部试题。

对于部分试题，我们提供了详细的参考答案，但由于大部分试题多属于主观题，其答案不具有惟一性，因此，其答案只供参考，而没有提供答案的试题，读者可以自己练习或与同学进行讨论！1．北京航空航天大学题1. Define the following terms in translation studies. (10, 2×5) (北航2010研，考试科目：综合英语)1. shifts of expression2. autotranslation3. receptor language4. generalizing translation5. operational norm题2. Briefly answer the following questions.(20, 4×5) (北航2010研，考试科目：综合英语)1. How do you understand the term “textual equivalence”? Explain the term with examples.2. What do you know about Scopos theory?3. What is “free translation”? Illustrate your understanding with examples.4. How do you understand the relationship between fidelity and freedom in translating?5. Are you familiar with any Chinese translation theorists? Describe one of them and his/her contribution to the translation studies.题3. Discuss briefly the following in translation studies.(30, 10×3) (北航2010研，考试科目：综合英语)1. Suppose you’ll start a research project on literary translation. What will you do to manage your study? Please give a detailed plan.2. Until now many translation schools have bloomed. What are the key features for the existence of a school? Please explain (you should give at least one example to support your explanation).3. The Chinese famous masterpiece 红楼梦has different translation versions. Only for the translation of the title you can find the following: A Story of the Stone, The Treasured Mirror of Romantic Affairs, A Dream of Red Mansions, The 12 Beauties of Jinling, The Anecdotes of the Romantic Bronze, and even Honglou Meng. Among the above translations, which one do you prefer? You should give at least three reasons to support your choice.2．北京外国语大学题1. Go back to the first passage in English-Chinese translation above. What doyou think of the view expressed inwhere the candidate for wealth or honors succeeds, it is as often, perhaps, from the qualifications which he wants as from those which he possesses; or the eminence which he is lucky enough to attain, is owing to some faculty or acquirement, which neither he nor anybody else suspected. . .Discuss your thoughts in the form of a short essay in Chinese in no more than 500 characters. Please use the separate answer sheet provided. (30points) （北京外国语大学2006研，考试科目：英语翻译理论和实践）题2. Discuss the issue of reader in the context of literary translation. Write a short essay in English in no more than 300 words. Please use the separate answer sheet provided. (30 points) （北京外国语大学2006研，考试科目：英语翻译理论和实践）题3. Write an essay in Chinese to elaborate your views on the relationship between foreign Language proficiency and translation in no more than 500 characters, using the answer sheet provided. （30 points）（北京外国语大学2007研，考试科目：英语翻译理论和实践）题4. Answer the following question in English in around 300 words, using the answer sheet provided.（30 points）（北京外国语大学2007研，考试科目：英语翻译理论和实践）There has been a debate over domesticating and foreignizing as translationstrategies. There are arguments for domesticating and there are also arguments for foreignizing. How do you look at the issue in discussion？题5. Essay questions: Answer each essay question in no fewer than 200 words in English. (30 points)（北京外国语大学2008研，考试科目：英汉互译（笔译））Susan Bassnett in her book Translation Studies (Third Edition) commented on equivalence: “Equivalence in translation, then, should not be approached as a search for sameness, since sameness cannot even exist between two TL versions of the same text, let along between the SL and TL version” (p.36). In what way do you agree or disagree with this statement? Please give examples to defend your argument.题6. Chinese composition. (20 points) （北京外国语大学2008研，考试科目：英汉互译（笔译））埃德温·根茨勒所著《当代翻译理论》(Contemporary Translation Theories)对北美翻译培训派、多元系统论、解构主义、文化转向、后殖民翻译理论等文学翻译研究的发展进行了全面的扫描。

2011年湖南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、英汉词条互译1. 基础设施【答案】infrastructure2. 低保【答案】Minimum Living Standard3. 低碳经济【答案】low-carbon economy4. 人均收入【答案】average per capita income5. 节能减排【答案】energy saving and emission reduction; energy conservation and emission reduction6. 法治社会【答案】society governed by law; society ruled by law7. 赈灾扶贫【答案】Poverty and Disaster Relief; poverty alleviation and Disaster Relief8. 兴国【答案】national rejuvenation through science and education9. 知识密集型产业【答案】knowledge-intensive industry10. 信用风险防范机制【答案】prevention mechanism against credit risk11. 国际核不扩散体系【答案】the international nuclear non-proliferation regime/system12. 中东和平进程【答案】the Middle East peace process13. 世界多极化【答案】world multi-polarization; the multi-polar world14. 国家主权和领土完整【答案】national sovereignty and territorial integrity15. 农副产品加工【答案】agricultural and sideline product processing16. disposal income【答案】可支配收入17. value-added tax【答案】增殖税18. sunrise industry【答案】朝阳产业19. brain drain【答案】人才流失20. weapon of mass destruction【答案】大规模杀伤性武器21. vulnerable group【答案】弱势群体22. global warming【答案】全球变暖23. transfer of intangible assets【答案】无形资产转让24. wholesale and retail businesses【答案】批发和零售业务25. GDP【答案】国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product)26. ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟(Association of South East Asian Nations；东盟27. renewable energy【答案】可再生能源28. migrant rural laborers【答案】农民工29. international practice【答案】国际惯例30. good-neighborly and friendly cooperation【答案】睦邻友好合作（关系.二、篇章翻译Section A English to ChineseEvery year, Fortune magazine celebrates women in the top echelons of corporate America by publishing a list of the 50 Most Powerful Women in Business. Their titles are impressive-CEO, chairman, president-and photos portray them as polished and confident. What an inspiration they could be to the young women following them!But what if those young women don’t aspire to a corner office? A week after the Fortune list appeared on newsstands, a major national study of teenagers revealed a surprising finding: while 97 percent of girls polled expect to work to support themselves or their families, only 9 percent want careers in business. Among boys, the figure is 15 percent.But why do girls shy away from business? The number of women applying to business schools has dropped off. By contrast, women make up half the students in medical and law schools.Unlike boys in the study, who say they want to earn a lot of money, girls place great importance on helping others and improving society. But they don’t see connections between those goals and business, which they equate with finance and numbers. And they’re less c onfident than boys about their business-related skills.Teen girls also place a high value on having enough time to spend with family and friends. In describing business, Professor Wilson says, “they used many images involving stress-images about dads having to make conference calls on vacation, and moms always being tired when they got home, or complaining about their bad bosses.”As it happens, mothers are the primary source of career advice for daughters. But parents' goals are often less well defined for girls than for boys.Wilson calls the lack of women at the top “alarming”, adding that the study doesn’t offer a lot of hope that future generations will swell the ranks of women in leadership positions.【参考译文】每年，《财富》杂志都会发布一份商界最具影响力的50位女性的榜单来祝贺美国企业界的女性。

2005年华东理工大学翻译实践（英汉互译）考研真题（含答案）华东理工大学2005硕士入学考试翻译实践参考答案1英译汉（50分）（华东理工大学2005研，考试科目：翻译实践）The trees are plump with leafy splendor. The birth is softly rustling gold, which is now fluttering down like an unending stream of confetti. Soon November will be approaching with its autumn storms and leaden clouds, hanging above your head like Soaking wet rags. Just let it stay like this, I think, gazing at the huge mysterious shadows the trees conjure up on the shining green meadows，the cows languidly flicking their tails. Everything breathes an air of stillness, the silence rent by the exuberant colors of asters, dahlias, sunflowers and roses.The mornings begin chilly. The evenings give you shivers and cold feet in bed. But in the middle of the day the sun breaks through, evaporating the mist on the grass, butterflies and wasps appear and Cobwebs glisten against windows like silver lace. The harvest of a whole year’s hard work is on the trees and bushes; berries, beech mast, chestnuts, acorns.Suddenly I think of my youngest daughter, living now in Amsterdam. One day soon she will call and ask, “Have you planted the bulbs yet?” Then I will answer teasingly that actually I’m waiting until she comes to help me. And then we will both be overcome by nostalgia, because once we always did that together. One entire sunny autumn afternoon, when she was just over three and a half years old, she helped me with all the enthusiasm and joyfulness of her age.参考译文：一棵棵树枝叶茂盛，金色的叶子在风中发出轻微的沙沙声，就像是不断随风飘下的五彩纸屑。