自考英语二教材课文讲义

讲义六Text A Improving Industrial Efficiency through RoboticsⅠ课文简介机器人在工业生产中的使用越来越普遍。

目前大多数的机器人用于汽车工业，此外在别的工业领域虽然应用的程度低一些，（although to a lesser degree）但也开始出现。

它们已经可以代替人进行一些工作。

那么机器人与自动化机械有什么不同呢？它们的不同在于机器人完成某一特定任务后，可由计算机重新编制程序去完成另一项任务。

现在科学家与工程技术人员正在研制新一代机器人，使机器人具有视觉、有触觉、并且能够做出关键性的决策。

未来机器人将会在许多领域代替人的工作。

Paras.1-3 Robots are used in many areasPara.4 The difference between robots and other machines.Paras.5-7 Technicians and engineers are trying to design new types of robots. （will be able to see objects；will have a sense of touch； will makecritical decisions.）Ⅱ New Words词汇精讲：1.efficiency ： n . 效率，功效派生词：efficient a. 有效率的； inefficient a. 无效率的；inefficiency n. 无效率These machines have raised efficiency many times.A good manager is both competent and efficient. 好的经理应当是称职而且有效率的。

区别：efficient 和effectiveefficient a .有效率的； effective a. 有效的2.robotics：机器人学，机器人技术3.robot：机器人；自动控制装置4.increasingly ： ad. 日益，越来越多派生词：increase v. 增加，提高； increasing a. 越来越多的；He is increasingly rude to me. 他对我越来越粗鲁。

U n i t11C y b e r W o r l dI. New words and expressionsNew words1. chatline n. （消遣性的）热线电话交谈服务2. variety?n. （同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样vary vary from…to…比较：range / shift from…to…various3. romance?n. 恋爱；爱情romantic4. bizarre adj. 极其怪诞的；异乎寻常的5. potential adj. 潜在的；可能的6. script n. 剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿7. intimacy?n . 亲密；关系密切intimate8. initial adj. 最初的；开始的9. perceive v. 将…视为；认为10. avalanche n. 雪崩；山崩11. literary?adj. 文学的；文学上的literatureliteralliterateliberal12. verse n. 诗；韵文13. animated adj. 栩栩如生的；（似）能活动的14. inclination?n. 倾向；意愿inclineinclined15. sweaty adj. 满是汗的；汗津津的16. palm n. 手掌；手心17. vary v. 相异；不同18. convey v. 表达，传递（思想、感情等）19. polish v. 修改；润饰；润色20. intellect n. （尤稻高等的）智力，思维逻辑领悟力21. personality n. 性格；个性；人格22. sequence n. 顺序；次序23. reverse v. 颠倒；彻底转变；使完全相反24. veil?v. 掩饰；掩盖unveil 揭露，揭开25. intellectual adj. 智力的；脑力的；理智的26. familiarity?n. 熟悉；通晓familiarfamiliarize28. intensity?n. 强烈；紧张；剧烈intense29. stirring n. （感情、想法或发展的）开始，出现，萌发31. flesh n. （动物或人的）肉32. suspect?v. 疑有，觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）33. correspondence?n. 通信；通信联系34. albeit conj. 尽管；虽然35. demon n. 恶魔；魔鬼36. determine?v. 决定determineddetermination37. extract?v. 选取；摘录；录38. addict?n. 对…入迷的人addictedaddictivebe / get addicted to sth.39. hop v. 突然快速去某处40. flirtation n. 调情41. addictive adj. 使人入迷的42. confession?n. 认罪；供认；坦白43. multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的44. court v. （男子向女子）求爱，追求Phrases and Expressions1. head over heels in love?深深地爱着某人；迷恋2. butterflies in the stomach?心里七上八下3. deprive…of…?剥夺；使丧失II. Text LearningCyber love①Thanks to the late 20th century technology, Maria of Denmark and Martijin of Holland meton a chatline. For months they've talked and sent letters to each other?with the help of their computers as they?found themselves falling head over heels in love. It was then that?they decided to meet in the real, not only the virtual, world. It was not easy to arrange as the young man and his lady were separated by 700 very real kilometers, but the date was a success andMaria and Martijn have been living together happily?ever since. They've created a home pageto let the world know how they've found?happiness?via?the Internet and introduce couples who've met?under similar circumstances.②Throughout history men and women had used? a variety of means?to find each other.Internet romance, according to some, is a bizarre method, and to others it is a natural wayfor?the 90's?to meet?potential mates.③Romances formed on the internet?follow a characteristic script.?The development of emotional intimacy is a long process, sometimes taking several months. "Love at?first byte" is rare although there are examples. (1)The initial light exchanges, whether by e-mail or in chatrooms, are generally followed by increasingly self-revealing topics, and then after a while, the two strangers perceive each other as a true friend.?Hearts open and an avalanche of e-mailverses and virtual gifts (flowers, kisses, animated pictures). Could any heart with romanticinclinations resist? (2)When you reach for the mouse with sweaty palms and butterflies in the stomach to look in the in-box for new mail - there's just no way to escape the fact - love has arrived.④How does a cyber romance vary from a real life romance? Perhaps one significantdifference is that communication plays such a large part. Words that convey feelings have enormous effect. (3)While before a real date we fix our hair and our clothes, on the internet we polish our intellect, imagination and personality.?(4)In essence, the sequence is reversed - first we show our inner beauty and only after it had won victory does the veil fall off the physicalvehicle of that personality at the time of that first meeting in person.⑤It is a popular topic in cyberspace to debate whether or not true love can develop merelyon an?intellectual level（智力方面，精神方面，即"精神恋爱"）, without physical attraction or the?familiarity?of the other's appearance? (5)To put it another way: is the physical appearance of the man or woman play a part in the relationship if, through the exchange ofthoughts and feelings, they already fell in love?本部分重点及难点：1. The initial light exchanges, whether by e-mail or in chat rooms, are generally followed byincreasingly?self-revealing topics, and then after a while, the two strangers perceive eachother as a true friend.不管是通过电子邮件还是聊天室，最初是简单的交流，然后是越来越多自我表露的话题，过了一段时间之后，两个陌生人把彼此当成了真正的朋友。

2.But the effects of apartheid in terms of social behavior and on cultural development are less well known. （para.1） in terms of 在…⽅⾯ To understand the effects of apartheid it is necessary to think of the daily lives of the people and the ways in which their lives are regulated by apartheid. It means standing for hours in a bus-queue， because there are too few buses specially set aside for black people；⑶it means having to pass theatres and swimming pool with no thought of ever entering them， because they are set aside for with people； and because the restrictions extend to the thoughts people think， and because the laws apply to both black and white， it means that all people in South Africa are denied the right to read certain books because the government believes them to be subversive of its apartheid society.⑷ 3.It means standing for hours in a bus-queue， because there are too few buses specially set aside for black people.（para.3） set aside （为某特定⽬的）留出，分给，存下 4.that all people in South Africa are denied the right to read certain books because the government believes them to be subversive of its apartheid society. （para.3） “… ⽆权阅读某些书” Apartheid means that sportsmen like Basil D‘Oliviera， Steve Makone， and Precious Mackenzie could never represent their own country because they were not white； that singers and actors like Miriam Makeba and Lionel Ngamane would be restricted because of their colour to appearing in certain places and before certain audiences⑸ -a coloured cast could perform Verdi’s “La Traviata” but no nonwhites could attend a performance before the State president. 5.that singers and actors like Miriam Makeba and Lionel Ngamane would be restricted because of their colour to appearing in certain places and before certain audiences… （para. 4） because of their colour 插在 be retricted to 之间，be restricted to 意思是：“被局限在” appearing 是动名词作介词 to 的宾语 The list of restrictions is endless - these are only a few small examples. But what they add up to is a division which breeds hostility. ⑹At sports events， if white and black are present ，they support opposing sides and the result is friction -so much so that in many grounds only whites are allowed.⑺ It is illegal for white and black to play chess together. And whites who tried to play football in a team with black members were prosecuted. 6.But what they add up to is a division which breeds hostility. （para.5） add up to 似乎是，（加起来）等于是 全句⼤意：“但这些例⼦加起来却意味着可以酿成敌意的隔离。

自考英语二教材课文讲义unit9Unit 9 Facing Life’s ChallengesI. New words and expressionsNew words1. hurdle n. hurdles [pl.]跨栏赛；栏架，跨栏；难关，障碍2. negative n. 否定词；否定；拒绝 adj. 坏的；有害的3. despair v. 绝望；失去希望；丧失信心4. petty adj. 小的：琐碎的；次要的5. individual adj. 一个人的；供一个人用的6. lane n. （比赛的）跑道，泳道7. spot n. 地点；场所；处所8. symbolize v. 象征；是…的象征；代表symbol-ize常用的动词后缀：modernize, globalize, economize9. incredibly adv. 极端地；极其credible 可靠的，可信的credibly变副词时需省略-e的形容词有simple, true, credible, believable simply, truly, (in)credibly, (un)believably10. positive adj. 良好的；正面的11. tough adj. 艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的12. arise v. 发生；产生；出现arise from sth.区分：arouse / arisearouse one's anger / respect / sympathy13. lost adj. 不知所措的；一筹莫展的14. leap v. 跳跃15. yard n. 码16. inch n. 英寸17. cinch n. 很容易的事；小莱Phrases and Expressions1. line up 排成一行；站队；排队（等侯）2. end up最终成为；最后处于end up (in) doing sth. end up begging / being arrested end up as a beggar / prisoner / millionaireend up in prison / debts3. keep up with （与…）齐步前进；并驾齐驱；跟上4. pace oneself 调整自己的工作（或活动）节奏5. fit in （与…）合得来；适应6. get over 解决；克服；控制7. wear out 使疲乏；使筋疲力尽；使厌烦8. with ease 轻而易举地9. make it 获得成功10. fall over被…绊倒；几乎被…绊倒11. get lost 不知所措；一筹莫展12. look back on回首(往事)；回忆；回顾13. inch by inch 缓慢而谨慎地；一步一步14. at a time 每次；逐一；依次II. Text Learning300 Hurdles① Life may give you a negative, but don't despair - it may just develop into a beautiful picture one day. This year, I realized my theory that I have on life. Life is like a 300m hurdle race. SinceI run the 300m hurdles, I would know what the race is like.② The first thing to any race is worrying about whether you are going to win or not. This relates to worrying about the petty things in life. Does it really matter if you win Is it really going to be the end of the world Or will you be upset if you lose and then forget about it (1)In life we worry too much and live in themoment too little. （承上总结句）③ (2)Next is the lining up in our own individual lanes. We each start at different spots, but the race is still the same distance for everyone.（承上启下句） (3)This relates to our lives taking us to different places and putting us in different situations, but hopefully we will end up in the same place, but maybe at different times.④ Now comes the beginning of the race. We all try to keep up with everyone and pace ourselves with other people. (4)This symbolizes that at times in everyone's lives we worry, about fitting in or being the same as other people, instead of worrying about being unique. If everyone were the same, the world would be incredibly boring.本部分重点及难点：1. In life we worry too much and live in the moment too little. 生活中，我们担心得太多，而活在当下太少。

自考英语（二）讲义完整版自考英语（二）讲义完整版一讲义一Text A What Is a Decision ？I.课文内容简介决策的目的是制定和实现组织目标。

作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西防碍目标或目的的实现。

作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。

决策者必须具备从多个可供选择的可能性中确定最佳选择的手段。

而多种目标的顺序和重要性也部分地基于决策者的价值观。

今天所作的决策可能会对将来产生深远的影响。

因此，有经验的管理者能从当前决策看到将来的效果。

段落大意：课文分成三部分第一、二段：决策的定义The definition of decision第三、四段：作决策的一般过程The general process of making a decision第五至九段：在管理层次上，多种因素影响决策的制定Various factors influencing decision making at the managerial level II.New Wordsorganizational a. 组织上的goal n. 目的，目标objective n./a. 目标，目的/客观的，真实的accomplish vt. 完成（任务等）predict vt./vi. 预言；预示accompany vt. 伴随，陪同implement vt. 实现；完成constraint n. 强制；强制因素precedent n. 先例，前例simplify vt. 简化tendency n. 趋势，倾向managerial a. 经理的，管理人的maker n. 制造者；制造商achievement n. 完成，达到attain vt. 达到；完成optimal a. 最适宜的，最理想的suboptimization n. 局部最优化trade-off n. 权衡；物物交换argue vt./vi. 争辩，争论budget n./vt. 预算scheme n./vt.把…编入预算define vt. 解释，给…下定义multiple a./n.多样的，复合的/倍数profitability n. 赚钱，获利correctness n. 正确，正确性unintended a. 非计划中的，非故意的ongoing a. 进行中的，非故意的entity n. 存在，实体skilled a. 熟练的；有技能的in the way 挡路、碍事to make a guess at 猜测and the like 等等，诸如此类to seek to 追求，争取in part 部分地，在某种程度上point of view 观点词汇精讲1.goal n. 目标，进球，球门（同义词：aim ，end ，purpose，objective）Her goal is a place at university . 她的目标是在大学任教。

自考英语（二）课文讲义4讲义四Text A Slavery On Our DoorstepI.课文内容简介这篇文章介绍了在英国工作的大约两万多名海外家仆，这些家仆中有1/10 正遭受雇主的各种各样的虐待和奴役。

尽管英国政府采取了新的措施，这些佣人的生活和工作条件并没有发生太大的变化。

这种状况得到了媒体的普遍关注。

解决问题的关键办法也许在于允许家佣们自由地选择顾主。

段落大意：Paras.1-2 In Britain，about 10% of the domestic servants are being exploited and abused in various forms.Paras.3-8 The sad condition of domestics received media attention.Para.9 The key to the problem lies in allowing domestic workers the freedom to change employers.II.New Words1.slavery n. 奴隶制度，奴役2.domestic a./n.家庭的，家务的，本国的/家仆3.Briton n. 大不列颠人；英国人4.statistics n.统计数字，统计资料5.diplomat n.外交家；外交官6.abroad ad. 到国外；在国外7.exploit vt. 开发，开采；利用8.abuse vt./n. 滥用，虐待9.campaign n./vi./vt.战役，运动10.sexually ad.在性方面11.passport n.护照12.Filipino n./a.菲律宾人；菲律宾的13.maid n. 少女，侍女，女仆14.execute vt. 实行，执行，完成15.convict vt./n.证明… 有罪；宣判16.despite prep. 尽管，任凭17.guilt n. 有罪，内疚18.deserving a. 应得的，值得的19.Saudi n. 沙特阿拉伯人，沙特阿拉伯的20.breadwinner n. 养家糊口的人21.shelf n. 架子22.minimum n./a. 最小量；最小的23.employee n. 雇员，雇工24.leaflet n. 小叶，嫩叶；传单，活页25.incidence a./n.影响程度，影响范围26.immigrant n.a.（从国外）移民的，侨民的；侨民，移民27.status n. 情形，状况；地位，身份28.kingdom n. 王国，领域29.concession n. 让步；特许权30.immigration n. 移居；外来的移民31.foreigner n.外国人32.deport vt.驱逐出境Phrases and Expressions1.to bring over 把…带来；使转变2.to convict of 证明… 有罪3.be deserving of 值得，应得4.be supposed to 应该5.to distinguish … from 把……与…区别开Porper NameSingapore 1.新加坡岛； 2.新加坡； 3.新加坡市Lydia莉迪亚。

肯定值得一看：自考英语二完整讲义汇总
本文为自考“英语(二)”完整讲义
 讲义一
Text A What Is a Decision ?
I.课文内容简介
 决策的目的是制定和实现组织目标。

作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西防碍目标或目的的实现。

作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。

决策者必须具备从多个可供选择的可能性中确定最佳选择的手段。

而多种目标的顺序和重要性也部分地基于决策者的价值观。

今天所作的决策可能会对将来产生深远的影响。

因此，有经验的管理者能从当前决策看到将来的效果。

 段落大意：课文分成三部分。

新版自考英语（二）课文精讲第一单元 A 课II.Text LearningCritical Reading① (1)Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author putsforth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is activereading. It involves more than just（不只是，不仅仅是） understanding what an author issaying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Hereare the things you should do to be a critical reader（.启下句）本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析1. Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the authorputs forth a position or seeks to make a statement.apply to sb./sth.= be applicable to sb./sth.apply 的派生词： application, applicant, applicable②Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. (2)Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time contextthan yours. (3)In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析2.Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a differenttime context than yours.some time注意区分： sometime / sometimes / some times3.In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。

讲义八 Text AJet Lag： Prevention and Cure课文简介：我们许多人在国际旅行时都有过时差反应。

科学家们发现，时差综合症是我们体内的生理调节机制在不同的环境中发生变化所引起的。

实际上，有两套时间调节系统在相互作用，它们在新时区内需要一段时间才能重新设定。

值得庆幸的是，我们可以通过调节环境定时和改变饮食睡眠来减少时差带来的不便。

Para.1 If you understand what Jet Lag[n. 飞行时差反应，时差感] is，your flights will be less stressful.Paras.2 - 9 Various causes of Jet LagParas.10 - 14 Ways to deal with the bad effects of Jet LagNew Words1 jet n. 喷射，喷气式飞机2 lag vi./n. 走得慢，落后3 flight n. 飞行，飞翔4 physiological a. 生理的，生理学的5 regulatory a. 规章的，调节的6 mechanism n. 机构，机制7 hormonal a. 荷尔蒙的，激素的8 secretary n. 秘书，书记，部长9 negotiation n. 谈判，协商10 proceeding n. 程序，进程11 instantaneously ad. 瞬间地，即刻地12 transport vt./n. 运输13 overcome vt. 战胜；克服14 regulate vt./n. 管理，调节15 timing n. 时间的选择；计时16 periodicity n. 周期性，间发性17 internal a. 内部的，内在的18 suprachiasmatic a. 超（染色体）交叉的19 rhythm n. 韵律，格律，节奏20 timer n. 计时员，定时器21 external a. 外在的，在外的22 alarm n./vt. 警报，惊恐，向…报警，使警觉23 reset vt./n. 重新安排，重调24 palm n. 手掌25 sweat n./vi./vt. 汗，出汗，使出汗26 discrepancy n. 差异，不一致27 bodily a. 身体的，肉体的28 cortisol n. 皮质醇29 excretion n. 排泄；分泌30 destination n.目的地，终点31 feasible a. 可行的，可能的32 pharmacological a. 药物学的，药理学的33 assumption n. 假定，设想；承担34 mid-afternoon a. 下午三点左右的35 neutral a.中立的；中性的36 wakefulness n. 觉醒，不眠37 promote vt. 促进，发扬；提升，升级，发起，创办38 synchronize vi./vt.同时发生，同步，使在时间上一致词组：phrases and Expressions1 effect on对…的作用2 to blame … on把…归咎于3 to advantage有利地，有效地4 as fresh as paint精神饱满5 now that（连词）既然，由于6 to leave … alone不管，不理7 out of step步伐不一致，不协调8 in time及时，终于to come across遇到，碰到to tie … to使有联系，约束to rely on / upon依赖，依靠词汇精讲：lag： v/n.走得慢，落后After I get over jet-lag， I'll call you. 我倒过时差后给你打电话。

Unit 7 Inner VoiceI. New words and expressionsNew words1. inner adj. 内心的；隐藏的2. precisely adv. 准确地；恰好地preciseprecision联想：accurate, accuracy比较：simply, possibly, subtly, truly / definitely, rarely, fortunately, likely / luckily, heavily3. bombard v. 大肆抨击；连珠炮似地质问；提供过多信息，4. dreaded adj. 令人害怕的；可怕的5. small talk n. 寒喧；闲谈；聊天6. hesitation n. 犹豫hesitatehesitanthesitancy / hesitation7. wonder v. 想知道；想弄明白；琢磨n. 奇迹wonder wh-…do / work wonders / miracles8. prompt v. 促使；导致；激起9. complete adj. （用以强调）完全的，彻底的10. upset adj. 难过的；不高兴的；沮丧的11. roll v. （使）翻滚，滚动12. despite prep. 即使；尽管despite / in spite of that fact that …13. feeble adj. 无效的；无力的14. attempt n./ v. 企图；试图；尝试attempted15. wipe v.（用布、手等）擦干净，抹掉16. profusely adv. 大量地；连连地17. address v. 写（收信人）姓名地址；致函18. receptionist n. 接待员19. attach v. 把…固定，把…附（在…上）attach …to…attached 依恋的；附加的；附属的attachment 依恋；附件20. emotion n. 强烈的感情；情感；情绪emotionalemotionless21. contain v. 控制，克制，抑制（感情）22. apparently adv. 据…所知；看来；显然23. overwhelming adj. 巨大的；压倒性的；无法抗拒的overwhelming problemsan overwhelmed person联想：surprised / surprisingexcited / excitingamazed / amazingdisappointed / disappointingfrightened / frighting注意：excited eyes / expressions / looks24. scream v. 高声喊，大声叫Phrases and Expressions1. be lost in one's thought陷入沉思2. break down 失败3. come up with找到（答案等）；想出4. drop…off （顺路）把…放下5. take one's own life自杀6. in desperation 在绝望中；走投无路7. care about sb. 关心；关怀8. take a chance 冒险9. make a difference 有作用；产生影响II. Text LearningYour Inner Voice①(1)My day started just like all the other days for the past 15 years where I get up, make some coffee, shower, get dressed and leave for the train station at precisely 7:35 A.M. to arrive at work by 8:30. While on the train I would always choose a seat away from the crowd so I can read the newspaper in peace and quiet. (2)At work I am always being bombarded with questions from coworkers, suppliers, telephone and then those dreaded meetings, so the last thing I need is some stranger to sit beside me and make small talk.本部分重点及难点：1. My day started just like all the other days for the past 15 years where I get up, make some coffee, shower, get dressed and leave for the train station at precisely 7:35 A.M. to arrive at work by 8:30.(1) where引导定语从句，先行词为days。