初中英语总复习之主谓一致课件

(一)语法一致原则 1、当主语是：
单数名词 单数代词 动词不定式短语 动名词短语 不定代词 从句
谓 语 用 单
1)His father likes reading books. 2)I am a good student. 3)To study maths well isn’t easy. 4)Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 5)Someone is waiting for you. 6)What he said is very important for all of us.
5)不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数，如果有量词修饰 的时候，要看量词表示的是单数还是复数。 There is a little milk in the bottle. Six glasses of milk are on the bottle. 6)trousers, jeans, shorts, socks, shoes, glasses…… 等做主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果有量词“a kind of , a piece of , a pair of ”等词修饰时，则依量词的单复数来决定。 如：①The shoes look nice. ②This kind of flower is beautiful. The pair of shoes is very nice. Several pairs of glasses are on the table. 7)分数或百分数做主语时，依名词的单复数而定， 所修饰的名词是单数，则谓语动词用单数。 所修饰的名词是复数，则谓语动词用复数。 如：Three quarters of the work is done by the computer . One half of the students have passed the exam. 60 percent of my money is spent on the books. 40 percent of the students like sports.
用法： 在英语中，句子的主语和谓语动词要保持数上的 一致 关系，叫主谓一致。这种关系通常要遵循下面的原则： 1、语法一致原则。 句子的主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数形式； 主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 has 如：China _______（有） a long history . are Many people ________ studying English now. 2、意义一致原则。 即谓语动词该用单数还是复数取决于主语所表达的 内容在含义是单数意义还是复数意义。 are 如： The Chinese _______（是） very clever． 中国人很聪明。 is Maths ________（是）my favourite subject.
(三)就近原则： neither…nor , either …or , not only…but also , 以及 there be连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词跟它靠近 的主语一致。 likes 如：Neither you nor she ________（喜欢） listening to this song. is There ______（有） a knife and two pens in the box. are There ______（有） two pens and a knife in the box. 注意：neither of, either of 做主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 is Neither of them ______（是） right. has Either side of the roads ________ （有）nothing.
巩固练习 1. A woman with a baby__________ coming here. A. is B. are C. has 2. Look! His family___ watching TV in the sitting-room. A. is B. are C. was 3. Whenever anything _______, please stay here quietly. A. happens B. happen C. is happened 4. A year and a half ___________ already passed. A. is B. have C. has 5. Twelve percent of the workers here_________ women. A. is B. are C. have 6. Not only a pen but also two books __________lost. A. was B. were C. has 7. _______________ this pair of socks belong to Li Lei? A. Is B. Do C. Does
8)news（新闻），politics（政治），maths（数学）， physics（物理）等词，虽然形式上是以s结尾，但表示的 意义是单数，故谓语动词要用单数形式。 如： Physics is my favourite subject． 物理是我最喜欢的学科。
9)people，police，clothes等词做主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 如: Some people are waiting for the bus. The police are looking for the lost book.
2、主语为复数 swimming. The twins like going fishing.
(二)意思一致原则
1) 表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的词做主语时,表示整体 概念，谓语动词用单数。如： ①Ten years has passed. ②Ten kilometres is long. 2) 集体名词：family ， class ，team ， group 等。 表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。 表示成员时，谓语动词用复数。如： Class One is a very good class . Now Class One are having a basketball match. 3) the + 姓的复数形式，表示一家人,谓语动词用复数形式。 如：The Greens are moving to Guangzhou next week. 4) the + 形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。 如：The young under eighteen aren’t allowed to smoke.
10)The number of …. “…的数量”；做主语时，动词用单数。 A number of … “许多，大量”；做主语时，动词用复数。 The number of workers in his factory is 200. A number of students are on the playground
3、none of作主语时，如果后接不可数名词时，谓语动词 用单数。如果后接可数名词，谓语动词可用复数或单数。 如： None of the advice was accepted. None of the children are / is interested in running. 4、 a lot of, lots of, half of, the rest of, some of, most of, all of +名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式与of 后面的名词的数 一致。 如： Half of the apple is broken. Half of the apples were picked this morning. 5、在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如: He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
(四)补充：
1、由and ，both…and连接的两个名词做主语，表示两个 不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数。指同一个人或物时， 谓语动词用单数。如： The painter and the writer have come to our school. ( 画家和作家，两个人) The painter and writer has come to our school . （画家兼作家，同一个人） 2、 当主语部分含有with ，together with , along with, as well as, besides, except, but, like, including, in addition to 等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于 第一个主语。 如：Everyone except we has been to the USA. The twins with their teacher play basketball every day. She as well as other students is doing their homework.