非谓语动词 张爽PPT教学课件

to be doing
完成时
to have done
to have been done
完成进行时 to have been doing
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二 不定式的句法功能：（主 表 宾 宾补 定 状 ） 1作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于 句后
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Do exercises
1 Little Jim should love ___to the theatre this evening. A to be taken B to take C being taken D taking
2 the patient was warned ___oily food after the operation. A to eat not B eating not C not to eat D not eating
常跟不定式作宾语的动词： 三个希望两答应
hope, wish, expect, agree, promise 两个要求莫拒绝。 demand, ask, refuse 设法学会做决定，manage, learn, decide/determine 不要假装在选择。 pretend, choose/select 打算提出俩计划， intend, offer, plan, 申请失败负担起， apply, fail, afford 准备愿望又碰巧。 prepare, desire, happen+ to do sth.
非谓语动词
2020/12/10
外语系 0801 19号 张爽
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He walked in the street,singing. 非谓语动词(Non-predicate verbs)是指在句中不是谓语的动词，主要包括 不定式,动名词，和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。除了不能独立做谓语 外,可以承担句子的任何成分
I have no choice but to stay here. 与疑问词连用
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
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4 作宾补：She asked Tom to turn on the light.|5作定语：I have a lot of work to do every day. 6作状语：修饰谓语动词成分 常表示时间 地点 方式 原因 结果等 I am glad to meet you.(原因状语) (原因状语)
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4 完成进行式：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并 有可能持续下去 She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.
时态|语态 主动语态 被动语态
一般时
to do
to beinitive)：（to）+do，具有名词 形容词 副词的特征。
动词不定式的构成： 1 一般式 ：所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词 之后 He seems to know a lot. We plan to pay a visit. 2 进行式：----同时发生 The boy pretended to be working hard. 3 完成式：---发生在谓语动词动作之前，即在谓语动词所表示的动作发生前 已经完成 He is generally considered to have invented the first computer
To learn English well is not easy---it is not easy to learn English well. 常用句式: it be +n.+to do
it takes sb.+some time +to do
it be +adj. +of sb. +to do 2作表语 ：
Her job is to clean hall 3作宾语： The man wanted to buy a car. 动词+to do 如果不定式作宾语后面有宾补，用it 作形宾，真宾后置，放在宾补后
Tom found it important to study the situation. 可充当介词宾语
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
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动词不定式
不定式有标记 to与动词连一起 没有人称数变化 动词特点它具备(宾 状) 主宾定状表补语（因为n. adj. adv.），唯 独作谓不可以 Not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记 疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义（主宾 表状） 仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据
He agreed to buy a new TV.
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常跟不定式作宾补的动词：
wish want warn like order encourage urge Inspire| allow permit |tell Except know ask advise persuade teach |invite hate +sb. to do I wish you to wash your hands. 口诀 不定式作宾补to 记牢 w 希望想警告 喜欢order 鼓励allow告诉 期望知道请advise教，invite，hate别漏掉
在have,make,let使役动词，notice,observe,see,watch,look at,hear,listen To,feel,help等感官动词+sb. do sth.| sb. be +done to do sth. 省to宾语有十一，五看二听三使役。一个帮助俩均可，还有一个是感觉 如若主动变被动，小to一定要带齐。