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03 语法专项突破错误![深化认知］一、派生法1．名词后缀(1）动词变名词的后缀后缀例词。
ion/ .tion/ 。
sion/ -ation correct→correction改正celebrate→celebration 庆祝;庆祝会attract→attraction 吸引discuss→discussion 讨论;辩论graduate→graduation 毕业conclude→conclusion 结论；结束decide→decision 决定admit→admission 接纳；准许入学invite→invitation 邀请explain→explanation 解释expect→expectation 期望。
er/-or drive→driver 司机；驾驶员gather→gatherer 收集者；采集者te ach→teacher 老师announce→announcer 播音员conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员direct→director 导演-ment punish→punishment 惩罚achieve→achievement 功绩；成就argue→argument 辩论;论据treat→treatment 对待；治疗eq uip→equipment 装备；设备govern→government 政府.ance/ -ence appear→appearance 出现；外貌guide→guidance 指引；指导perform→performance 表演;节目exist→existence 存在;生存prefer→preference 偏爱refer→reference 参考；查阅（2)2（1)（2)3．4不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。
[典题在线]Ⅰ。
单句语法填空1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空）Abercrombie ＆Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly (regular）arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong。
Unit 22 Environmental Protection(60分钟79分)Part A一、阅读理解(共7小题;每小题2分,满分14分)AWhen a Filipino lady is to be married,she will be the busiest person in the scene.She wants her big day to be great and memorable because most Filipinos marry only once.The bride-to-be usually loses weight before her big day because of stress.Those who can afford to pay for a wedding planner are free from worries.But average Filipinos who have no wedding planner have many things to prepare.Most brides start with the small details.The color or the designLadies are particular about color combinations.They will make sure that the flowers will perfectly match the dresses of the bride’s maids and the flower girls and that the small flower worn by the wedding host is in perfect combination with the whole design.The souvenirsMost Filipino brides make their own wedding souvenirs to give them away.They will buy the material and make the souvenirs themselves.They will spend their precious time to make them very attractive to their guest s.They will be satisfied when their guests say,“Wow,I like it.” To them,it’s worth the hard work.The wedding invitationsTo prepare the invitations is a stressful job for the bride and the groom.They will start with the listings of all possible guests.It’s stressful because if their budget is good only for 50 people and the expected guests on the list is 100,there is a problem.Filipinos think their friends and relatives will feel bad if they do not receive an invitation;whether they can attend or not,they are expecting an ually,the couple will stretch(尽力使用) their budget for the extras just not to disappoint friends and relatives.1.The writer writes the passage to .A.tell us how to have a happy weddingB.tell us the Filipino wedding traditionC.teach us how to write wedding invitation cardsD.show us how a Filipino lady prepare for a wedding2.Most Filipino ladies to be married will .anize the wedding on her ownB.have much work to deal withC.have nothing to worry aboutD.invite a wedding planner3.What can we infer from the passage?A.Filipino ladies get married once due to the cost.B.The wedding souvenirs are often expensive.C.The wedding host can wear any flower.D.Friends and relatives prefer to be invited to a wedding.【文章大意】本文为说明文,介绍了菲律宾新娘需要为婚礼做的准备。
第四讲定语从句PartⅠ真题变式体验1．[2015·湖南高考]It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.答案：which根据结构，此题为一个非限制性定语从句，且句中缺少主语，故用which。
2．[2015·陕西高考]As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.答案：when根据结构分析，“the time”后为一个句子，“the time”为一个时间名词，故是一个定语从句，该定语从句中只能填时间状语，故用关系副词when。
3．[2015·重庆高考]He wrote many children's books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.答案：which根据句式结构分析，逗号后为一个非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语又构成“介词＋which”的结构，故用which指代books在从句中作主语。
4．[2015·四川高考]The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.答案：whose根据句式结构分析，逗号后为定语从句，而句中主语“covers”与先行词“books”之间为所属关系，故用whose。
5．[2015·北京高考]Opposite is St. Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.答案：where分析句子结构可知，“________ you can hear some lovely music”是非限制性定语从句，“where”替代先行词“St. Paul's Church”在定语从句中作地点状语。
2017年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结（含答案）（精品知识点总结，值得阅读借鉴）一、名词的数语法填空1. （2017 全国I 卷62） This trend, ... , has had some unintended side__ 62 __ （effect） such as overweight and heart disea—the very thi ng the medical commu nity was tryi ng to fight.解析：effects表示一些意料外的副作用”，故用复数。
2. （2017 全国II 卷61） It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __ 61 __ （crowd） on the roads...解析：crowds避免拥挤的人群。
3. （2017 全国III 卷67） She has turned down several 67 _ vitation）to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.解析：invitations由前面的several可知，要用复数形式。
短文改错1. （2017 全国I 卷）The instructor kept repeating the word “ Speed up! “Slow down! ”“Turn left! ”解析：word-*words后面有并列的三句话，故word用复数words。
2. （2017 全国II 卷）Besides, they often get some useful informations from the In ternet.解析：informations-information因information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
基础训练Ⅰ.用适当的介词或副词填空1．He went sailing and did not show ________ for a long time.2．The road that leads to Nanjing came into ________ last month.3．They were writing when Michael knocked ________ the door.4．We will debate the subject at length later when we are ________ leisure.5．I heard that he deleted my name ________ the list yesterday.6．The mayor was sentenced ________ a life imprisonment by the judge.7．Since everything develops，we have to make an adjustment ________ the changing situation.8．He was fined ￡400 ________ breaking the advanced equipment.答案 1.up e 3.at/on 4.at 5.from 6.to7．to8.forⅡ.完成句子9．He ________________ three of the many offices he held.他已经辞去他所担任的众多职务中的3个职务。
10．It is the third time that the boy ________________ computer games.这已是这个男孩第三次许诺不再玩电脑游戏了。
11．We ________________，for he is more capable of dealing with tough issues.我们选他为班长，因为他更有能力处理棘手的问题。
Unit 1 Lifestyles(60分钟81分)Part A一、阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2分,满分16分)AI am a strong believer that if a child is raised with approval,he learns to love himself and will be successful in his own way.Several weeks ago,I was doing homework with my son in the third grade and he kept standing up from his chair to go over the math lines.I kept asking him to sit down,telling him that he would concentrate better.He sat but seconds later,as if he didn’t even notice he was doing it,he got up again.I was getting frustrated,but then it hit me.I started noticing his answers were much quicker and more accurate when he stood up.Could he be more absorbed while standing up?This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe.I was raised to believe that a quiet,calm child was a sure way to success.This child would have the willpower to study hard,get good grades and become someone important in life.Now those same people perhaps come to realize that their kids are born with their own sets of DNA and personality qualities,and all you can do is loving and accepting them.As parents,throughout their growing years and beyond that,we need to be our kids’ best cheerleaders,guiding them and helping them find their ways.I have stopped asking my son to sit down and concentrate.Obviously,he is concentrating just in his own way and not mine.We need to learn to accept our kids’ ways of doing things.Some way may have worked for me but it doesn’t mean we need to carry it through generations.There is nothing sweeter than being personal and unique.It makes us free and happy and that’s just the way I want my kids to live their own life.(2015·成都外国语学校月考)1.Time and again the author got his son seated in order to make him .A.work fastB.go politeC.stay relaxedD.keep attentive2.The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph probably refers to .A.his son’s doing better while s tanding upB.his failure in keeping his son under controlC.his own experience as a school boyD.his disappointment with his active child3.By this passage,the author attempts to tell other parents to .A.correct their kids’ manners from the early age sB.respect and trust their kids’ ways of behaviorsC.develop a good relationship with their childrenD.guarantee their children’s freedom at home4.Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?A.Parental help with teens’ studyB.Adult influence on teen growthC.Kids’ success in their own stylesD.Friendship between generations【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
Unit 9 Wheels(80分钟106分)Part A一、阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2分,满分16分)At six weeks of age,little Nathan,Mal and their sister who is yet to be named,resemble three kittens purring and napping for the majority of the day.But by the end of the year,Ben Britton,37,expects his current African lion roommates to weigh up to 40 kilograms each and no longer fit on his couch.As the director of Wild Animal Encounters in Western Sydney,Mr Britton has taken on the role of the lions’ mother from the day they were born,after the ir natural mother rejected them.“They’re sleeping around 20-22 hours a day at the moment so they’re not very active,they only have short bursts of energy when they’re fed which is about four times a day,and then they crash about half an hour after that.”“Yeah—they have already worked out how to get on the lounge.They just take a little run and jump.”But as their weight grows by one kilogram a week,it won’t be long before the big cats can no longer find a space on the couch.Bringing the animals out of their enclosures and into new environments,including his home,is a regularly practiced thing at the Wild Animal Encounters park.“Animals have got so much going on in the wild—food,shelter,predators,prey and so on.When they come into captivity we supply and delete a lot of that.The mental side in captivity is hard to match,so we try to enrich their lives as much as we can which includes investigating new areas,”Mr Britton said.1.The three lion kittens live .A.at the zooB.in the forestC.in Mr Britton’s homeD.in the nature2.Mr Britton takes the responsibility to take care of the lions because .A.this is his dutyB.he likes them very muchC.he takes them as his petsD.their mother rejected them3.The underlined word “captivity” in the last paragr aph has the similar meaning as in the passage.A.enclosureB.wildC.environmentD.the Wild Animal Encounters park4.The animals living in the wild have the following advantages except .A.doing many thingsB.always getting enough foodC.their mental side being matchedD.rich lives【文章大意】本文为记叙文,主要讲述了三只澳洲小狮子被带回人类家庭抚养后的生活。
学通语法（增分语法填空和短文改错）集释(一) “语境考查类”语法项目第一讲冠__词单句语法填空1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.2．(2015·广东高考语法填空)Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned.3．(2015·浙江高考改编)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write a children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.4．(2015·陕西高考改编)The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.5．(2015·重庆高考改编)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.一、不定冠词(一)不定冠词的基本用法1．表示泛指某个人或事物。
I met a friend of yours today as I hurried off to work.今天我在赶着去上班的路上遇到了你的一位朋友。
2．用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前，表示泛指。
My friend John is a handsome young man, a young man everyone likes to work with.我的朋友约翰是一个英俊的年轻人，一个人人都喜欢与他共事的年轻人。
3．表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。
I remember he came here on a Sunday and left soon.我记得他在某个星期天来过，并且很快就离开了。
4．用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。
He missed the gold medal in the high jump, but he will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。
5．用在形容词的比较等级前，表示“一个更……的”。
If we sit near the front of the bus, we'll have a better view.如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，视野就会更好些。
6．用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。
物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。
但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面可加不定冠词。
Tony is a famous pianist. I'm absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.托尼是一位著名的钢琴家，我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定成功。
(二)固定搭配中的不定冠词不定冠词常用于某些固定搭配中，常见的有：have a gift for有……的天赋have a holiday度假get a lift/ride搭便车 pay a visit to参观lend sb. a hand帮助某人 as a result因此as a rule通常，照例 in a hurry匆忙地at a distance离一段距离a waste of……的浪费What a pity！真遗憾！ be/go on a diet节食a collection of一批…… a knowledge of知道have a good time玩得高兴 make a living谋生as a matter of fact事实上 have a history of有……历史in a sense/way在某种意义上 for a while暂时，一时all of a sudden突然a matter of……的问题have a population of有……人口cover an area of占……的面积You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.(2014·安徽高考单选)你可以向任何人求助，这里的每个人都乐意帮助你。
二、定冠词(一)定冠词的基本用法1．特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。
I went to a university in New Zealand. The university was founded in the early twentieth century.我在新西兰的一所大学就读，这所大学建立于20世纪初。
2．用于单数可数名词或形容词前，表示一类人或物。
①As we all know, the brain is the centre of thought.众所周知，大脑是思维的中心。
②As a matter of fact, the rich aren't always happy.事实上富人并非总是快乐的。
[名师指津]———————————————————————————————————————“the＋adj.”表示一类人的常用短语：the rich富人the dead死者the poor穷人 the aged老人the old老人 the living活着的人the young年轻人 the injured/wounded受伤的人—————————————————————————————————————3．用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等之前。
①Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。
②Now, years later, this river is one of the most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)在数年之后的现在，这条河成为了环境治理的最突出的范例之一。
4．用于被限制性修饰语加以限制的人或物前。
The village where I was born has grown into a town.(2014·陕西高考单选)我出生的村庄已变成了一个城镇。
5．用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，表示某个年代。
As is well known to us all, the Second World War broke out in the thirties.众所周知，二战爆发于30年代。
6．用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。
The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。
7．用于世界上独一无二的事物前。
No one knows exactly how the moon came into existence, as it happened so long ago.没有人确切知道月球是怎样形成的，因为这发生在很久之前。
8．用于被演奏的西洋乐器前。
As far as I know, he likes playing the piano.据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴。
(二)固定结构及固定短语中的定冠词1．固定结构中的定冠词(1)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词”结构中，表示“按……计算”。
—It's said that John will be in a job paying over D|S60,000 a year.—Right, he will also get paid by the week.——据说，约翰将获得一个年薪超过6万美元的工作。
——是的，他的工资还将按周支付。
(2)用于“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体某一部位”结构中。
His nose bled when the thief hit him in the face.那个贼打到了他的脸，他鼻子出血了。
(3)用于the more ... the more ...(越……越……)结构中。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心，就会越少犯错误。
2．固定短语中的定冠词at the moment此刻；目前in the end 最后，最终to tell the truth说实话on the other hand另一方面by the way顺便说一下in the middle of在……中间at the same time同时on the contrary相反on the whole总的来说in the distance在远处to the point 中肯；切题make the most/best of充分利用go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧Now that you have such a good chance, you'd better make the best of every minute to achieve your goal.既然你有这么好的一次机会，你最好充分利用每一分钟去实现你的目标。
三、零冠词(一)零冠词的基本用法下列情况下不用冠词。
1．表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前。
①Ke eping a diary is a good habit, by which you'll make great progress.记日记是一个可以让你取得巨大进步的好习惯。
②Telephones are still playing an important role in people's life.电话在人们的生活中仍然起着重要的作用。
