Chapter1 welding Inspection and Certification

验针检验流程英语The Process of Needle Verification and InspectionNeedles are an essential component in various industries, from medical procedures to manufacturing processes. Ensuring the quality and safety of these small yet crucial tools is of utmost importance. The process of needle verification and inspection involves a series of steps to ensure that needles meet the required standards and specifications. This essay will delve into the various stages of this process, highlighting the importance of each step and the overall significance of maintaining a robust quality control system.Stage 1: Incoming InspectionThe first step in the needle verification and inspection process is the incoming inspection. This stage involves thoroughly examining the needles as they arrive at the facility. The inspectors will carefully check the physical characteristics of the needles, such as their size, shape, and surface finish. They will also assess the packaging and labeling to ensure that the needles are properly identified and protected during transportation.During the incoming inspection, the inspectors will use a variety of tools and techniques to evaluate the needles. This may include visual inspection, dimensional measurements, and even microscopic examination to detect any defects or irregularities. The goal is to identify any issues or non-conformities before the needles are integrated into the production or distribution process.Stage 2: Sampling and TestingAfter the initial incoming inspection, the next stage involves sampling and testing the needles. This step is crucial in ensuring the overall quality and consistency of the product. The sampling process involves selecting a representative sample from the incoming batch of needles for further evaluation.The selected samples will undergo a series of tests to assess their performance and compliance with the established standards. These tests may include:1. Sharpness testing: Evaluating the sharpness of the needle's tip to ensure it meets the required specifications.2. Tensile strength testing: Measuring the needle's ability to withstand tensile forces without breaking or deforming.3. Corrosion resistance testing: Assessing the needle's resistance to corrosion, which is essential for medical and surgical applications.4. Biocompatibility testing: Ensuring the needle materials are safe for human use and do not cause adverse reactions.The results of these tests will be carefully analyzed to determine if the needles meet the required quality standards. If any issues are identified, the batch may be rejected or subjected to further investigation and remediation.Stage 3: In-Process InspectionDuring the manufacturing or assembly process, regular in-process inspections are conducted to ensure the continued quality and consistency of the needles. These inspections may involve visual checks, dimensional measurements, and even sample testing at various stages of production.The in-process inspection stage is crucial in identifying and addressing any potential issues early on, preventing the production of defective needles. By catching problems early, manufacturers can make necessary adjustments to the process, improve efficiency, and reduce the risk of costly recalls or customer complaints.Stage 4: Final Inspection and PackagingBefore the needles are released for distribution or use, they undergo a final inspection and packaging process. This stage is the last line of defense in ensuring the quality and safety of the product.The final inspection may involve a comprehensive evaluation of the needles, including a thorough visual examination, dimensional checks, and any additional testing deemed necessary. The inspectors will ensure that the needles meet all the required specifications and are free from any defects or irregularities.Once the needles have passed the final inspection, they are carefully packaged to protect them during transportation and storage. The packaging process may include the use of sterile barriers, tamper-evident seals, and proper labeling to ensure the integrity and traceability of the product.Stage 5: Documentation and TraceabilityThroughout the needle verification and inspection process, comprehensive documentation is maintained to ensure traceability and accountability. This includes the recording of all inspection and test results, as well as any corrective actions taken in response to identified issues.The documentation process serves several important purposes:1. Quality assurance: The records provide a clear audit trail, demonstrating the adherence to established quality control protocols and the consistent performance of the needles.2. Regulatory compliance: In many industries, such as the medical and pharmaceutical sectors, detailed documentation is required to comply with relevant regulations and standards.3. Traceability: In the event of a product recall or customer complaint, the documentation can be used to trace the origin of the needles and identify the root cause of any problems.By maintaining thorough documentation, manufacturers can ensure the transparency and accountability of their quality control processes, instilling confidence in their customers and regulatory authorities.ConclusionThe process of needle verification and inspection is a critical component in ensuring the quality and safety of these essential tools. From the initial incoming inspection to the final packaging and documentation, each stage plays a vital role in upholding the highest standards of product quality.By implementing a robust quality control system, manufacturers can minimize the risk of defective or substandard needles reaching the market, protecting the health and safety of their customers. This process not only benefits the end-users but also enhances the reputation and reliability of the manufacturing organization.As the demand for high-quality needles continues to grow acrossvarious industries, the importance of a well-structured and comprehensive verification and inspection process cannot be overstated. By maintaining a diligent and thorough approach, manufacturers can ensure that their needles meet the necessary standards, ultimately contributing to the overall safety and effectiveness of the products they deliver.。

WCA 验厂审核文件清单证件资料清单中英文Issue Date: 25 Nov 20171TPlease prepare the ORIGINAL documentation listed below for verification and sample photocopying. 请准备以下文件正All the following documents, unless the context of the document otherwise requires, the singular includes the plural and vice versa.所有下述文件除非有特别说明，所有文件都需要提供无论是单份文件或多份文件。

1. Payroll records (Recent 12 months) 工资表 (过去十二个月)Payroll register with employee signature (if wages paid in cash) 有员工签名工资表（如工资以现金支付）Bank statement corresponding to payroll register (if wages paid by bank deposit) 相对应工资表的银行存款证明（如以银行存款支付工资）2. Time card/ Attendance records (Recent 12 months) 工卡或考勤记录 (过去十二个月)3. Production records (tickets/ sheet) (Recent 12 months) (if applicable) 生产记录 (过去十二个月) (如适用）4. Personnel records 人事花名册及员工个人档案5. Young worker registration and health examination (if applicable) 未成年工体检及劳动局登记记录6. Employment/ Labor contracts 劳动合同7. Agency workers agreement (if any) 中介工人协议（如适用）8. Foreign employees work permits and approval letter from government (if applicable) 外籍员工 (如适用) 许可证和政府批文9. Collective bargaining agreements (if any) 集体谈判协议 (如适用）10. Employees social Insurance receipt, names list and certificate of social insurance 社会保险收据，名单和社会保险凭证11. Business Registration/ License 工商营业执照WCA 验厂审核文件清单证件资料清单中英文Issue Date: 25 Nov 20172T12. Fire safety inspection / certificates and building / construction permits for facility / dormitory buildings 消防检查报告或合格证明及建筑/施工许可证13. Fire drill records 消防演习记录、急救演习/紧急疏散计划14. Facility regulation or employee handbook, in regard to the following areas: 厂规或员工手册, 包括以下几个方面:Recruitment policy 招聘政策Disciplinary procedure 纪律处分程序15. Local minimum wage standard (if any) and/ or Government Labor Law notice (if any) 政府有关当地最低工资规定文件/政府的劳动法的通知 (如适用）16. Special appliance certificates such as certificate for elevator, boiler 特种设备认证证书如电梯，锅炉17. Permits for special appliance operations such as lift operator, electrician, and boiler 特种工人上岗证(如:电梯工锅炉工上岗证, 电工, 锅炉许可证等)18. Canteen or eating facilities hygiene certificate, cook/ kitchen staff health certificates 厨房卫生许可证, 厨工卫生许可证19. Facility building layout/ evacuation plan 厂房平面图20. Special waivers from local government regarding working hours arrangement (if applicable) 从当地政府就工作時間的特殊批文 (如适用)21. Health & Safety program and training records 健康与安全计划及培训记录22. Work-related accidents/ injury records 工伤事故记录及工伤记录等23. Environmental certificates (if applicable) 环保证书(如适用)24. Any written policy or process that governs company and employee business practices. e.g. business integrity & anti- corruption, fair competition (optional if Business Practice module is applicable in the assessment) and dataWCA 验厂审核文件清单证件资料清单中英文Issue Date: 25 Nov 20173Tprotection (optional if Business Practice module is applicable in the assessment) including (but not limited) to thefollowing: 任何书面政策或程序去规范公司和员工的商业道德规范。

HARD COPIES ARE UNCONTROLLED 硬拷贝为非受控文件STANDARD FOR PIPING WELDING管道焊接标准TABLE OF CONTENTS目录1.0 SCOPE范围2.0 Supplier RESPONSIBILITY供货商职责3.0 REGULATIONS规则3.1 C ODES规范3.2 R EFERENCE S PECIFICATIONS参考规范4.0 FABRICATION制配4.1 W ELDING P ROCESSES AND R ESTRICTIONS焊接方法和限定4.2 F ILLER M ETALS填充金属4.3 C LAD P LATE AND O VERLAY W ELDING包层板和堆焊4.4 W ELD O VERLAY P ROCEDURE Q UALIFICATIONS堆焊工艺评定4.5 G ENERAL W ELDING R EQUIREMENTS总的焊接要求4.6 P REHEAT AND I NTERPASS T EMPERATURE焊前预热和层间温度4.7 P OST W ELD H EAT T REATMENT (PWHT)焊后热处理5.0 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS补充要求5.1 R EPAIR修补5.2 B ASIC R EQUIREMENTS FOR W ORKING D URING U NFAVORABLE W EATHER C ONDITIONS对工作期间不适宜的气候条件的基本要求6.0 INSPECTION AND TESTING检验和试验6.1 W ELD Q UALITY AND W ELD I NSPECTION焊缝质量和焊缝检查6.2 V ISUAL T ESTING外观检查6.3 I N-P ROCESS E XAMINATION中间检查6.4 G ENERAL N ON-D ESTRUCTIVE E XAMINATION (NDE)R EQUIREMENTS总的无损检验要求6.5 M AGNETIC P ARTICLE T ESTING (MT)磁粉检验(MT)6.6 L IQUID P ENETRANT T ESTING (PT)液体渗透检验(PT)6.7 R ADIOGRAPHIC T ESTING (RT)射线检验(RT)6.8 U LTRASONIC T ESTING (UT)超声波检验(UT)6.9 W ELD H ARDNESS T ESTING焊缝硬度试验6.10 F ERRITE C ONTROL铁素体控制6.11 P OSITIVE M ATERIAL I DENTIFICATION (PMI)精确材料鉴定6.12 P IPE W ELDS:E XTENT OF E XAMINATION管道焊接：检验范围7.0 REQUIREMENTS FOR SUPPLIER OR SUB-CONTRACTOR DOCUMENTS对供货商及分包商的文件要求7.1 QA / QC Plan QA / QC计划7.2 W ELDING P ROCEDURE S PECIFICATIONS (WPS'S)焊接工艺规定(WPS'S)7.3 P ROCEDURE Q UALIFICATION R ECORDS (PQR'S)工艺评定记录7.4 W ELD M ATRIX T ABLE焊缝矩阵表7.5 W ELD M APPING焊缝图7.6 NDE P ROCEDURES无损检验流程7.7 PWHT P ROCEDURES 焊后热处理流程1.0 SCOPE范围This standard covers the minimum welding requirements to be met for shop andfield fabricated piping including piping components such as valves, weld overlayedflanges and piping specialty items. The requirements for the welding of pipingwhich are supplied as part of an equipment package are outside the scope of thisstandard该标准涉及车间及现场制配管道应予满足的最低的焊接要求，包括管件，诸如阀门、堆焊法兰和某些管道专业内容，作为整套设备构成部分的管道的焊接要求不适用于该标准。

外贸检验证书术语（中英文）（共5则）第一篇：外贸检验证书术语(中英文)外贸检验证书术语（中英文）1.certificate of weight 重量证明书2.certificate of inspection certifying quality & quantity in triplicate issued by C.I.B.C.由中国商品检验局出具的品质和数量检验证明书一式三份3.phytosanitary certificate 植物检疫证明书4.plant quarantine certificate 植物检疫证明书5.fumigation certificate 熏蒸证明书6.certificate stating that the goods are free from live weevil 无活虫证明书（熏蒸除虫证明书）7.sanitary certificate 卫生证书8.health certificate 卫生（健康）证书9.analysis certificate 分析（化验）证书10.tank inspection certificate 油仓检验证明书11.record of ullage and oil temperature 空距及油温记录单12.certificate of aflatoxin negative 黄曲霉素检验证书13.non-aflatoxin certificate 无黄曲霉素证明书14.survey report on weight issued by C.I.B.C.中国商品检验局签发之重量检验证明书15.inspection certificate 检验证书16.inspection and testing certificate issued by C.I.B.C.中国商品检验局签发之检验证明书第二篇：外贸常用术语中英文对照外贸常用术语中英文对照2009-02-23 16:27:31 作者：tc001 来源：浏览次数：3241.packing list deatiling the complete inner packing specification and contents of each package 载明每件货物之内部包装的规格和内容的装箱单 bined invoice is not acceptable 不接受联合发票转The Stipulations of “Uniform customs and Practice for Documentary Credits”“跟单信用证统一惯例”1.packing list deatiling the complete inner packing specification and contents of each package 载明每件货物之内部包装的规格和内容的装箱单2.packing list detailing… 详注……的装箱单3.packing list showing in detail… 注明……细节的装箱单4.weight list 重量单5.weight notes 磅码单（重量单）6.detailed weight list 明细重量单7.weight and measurement list重量和尺码单8.signed commercial invoice已签署的商业发票 in duplicate 一式两份in triplicate 一式三份in quadruplicate 一式四份in quintuplicate 一式五份 in sextuplicate 一式六份 in septuplicate 一式七份in octuplicate一式八份in nonuplicate 一式九份in decuplicate 一式十份9.beneficiary's original signed commercial invoices at least in 8 copies issued in the name of the buyer indicating(showing/evidencing/specifying/declaration of)the merchandise, country of origin and any other relevant information.以买方的名义开具、注明商品名称、原产国及其他有关资料，并经签署的受益人的商业发票正本至少一式八份10.Signed attested invoice combined with certificate of origin and value in 6 copies as reuired for imports into Nigeria.以签署的，连同产地证明和货物价值的，输入尼日利亚的联合发票一式六份11.beneficiary must certify on the invoice…have been sent to the accountee 受益人须在发票上证明，已将……寄交开证人5.4% discount should be deducted from total amount of thecommercial invoice 商业发票的总金额须扣除4%折扣12.invoice must be showed: under A/P No.… date of expiry 19th Jan.1981 发票须表明：根据第……号购买证，满期日为1981年1月19日13.documents in combined form are not acceptable不接受联合单据bined invoice is not acceptable 不接受联合发票转 The Stipulations of “Uniform customs and Practice for Documentary Credits”“跟单信用证统一惯例”15.except as otherwise stated herein---除本证另有规定外16.except so far as otherwise expressly stated---除非另有明确表示17.this credit is subject to…---本证根据……解释18.uniform customs and practice for documentary credits---跟单信用证统一惯例19.International Chamber of Commerce Brochure No.400---国际商会第400号手册20.1983 revision---1983年修订本21.except as otherwise expressly stated herein, this credit is subject to uniform customs and practice for documentary credits 1993 Revision, International Chamber of Commerce,publication No.500---除另有规定外，本证根据国际商会第500号出版物《跟单信用证统一惯例》1993年修订解释22.支付条件（T erms of payment)（1）Our usual way of payment is by confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit available by draft at sight for the full amount of the contracted goods to be established in our favour through a bank acceptable to the sellers.我们的一般付款方式是保兑的、不可撤销的、以我公司为受益人的、足额信用证，见票即付。

中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫ENTRY-EXIT INSPECTION AND QUARANTINEOF THEPEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINAГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯИНСПЕКЦИЯ ПО КАРАНТИННОМУ ВВОЗУ И ВЫЗОВУ КНР熏蒸/消毒证书编号No.FUMIGATION/DISINFECTION CERTIFICATEСЕРТИФИКАТО ФУМИГАЦИИ И ОБЕЗЗАРАЖИВАНИИ发货人名称及地址Name and Address of consignorНаименованиеотправителя и адрес收货人名称及地址Name and Address of consigneeНаименованиеполучателя и адрес品名Description of goodsНаименованиетовара产地Place of OriginМестопроисхождения报检数量Quantity declaredЗаявленноеколичество标记及号码Mark & No.Маркировкаи номер启运地Place of despatchМестоотгрузки到达口岸Port of DestinationПортназначения运输工具Means of conveyanceТранспортныесредства-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------杀虫和/ 或灭菌处理DISINFESTATION AND/OR DISINFECTION TREATMENTОБЕЗЗАРАЖИВАНИЕ日期药剂及浓度DateДатаChemical and ConcentrationХимикати его концентрация处理方法Способобработки持续时间及温度Экспозицияитемператураитемпература------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------附加声明ADDITIONAL DECLARA TIONДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНАЯДЕКЛАРАЦИЯ中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫机关及其官员或代表不承担签发本证书的任何财经责任.No tinancial liability to this certificate shall attach to the entryexit inspeetion andAuthorities of the P.R. of China of and of its offieers of represcntatives. [c7 -1(2002. 1. 1) ]Никакихфинансовых обязательств в отношении настоящего карантинного сертификата не налагается на Государственную инспекцию по карантинному ввозу и вызуву КНР , ни на кого из ее инспекторов или представителей.。

Welding InspectionTable of Contents1.Scope2.Applicable Codes3.Welding Procedures and Welders Qualifications4.Inspection Requirements5.Weld Joint Preparation6.Heat Treatment7.Radiographic Requirements8.ReferencesFORMS (Typical Example Attached)26C30 Inspection Record for Site Welding26C31 Weld Repair Report26C32 Inspection Record for Field Welds26C33 Radiograph Inspection Report26C34 Radiography Record Sheet26C35 Record of Welder Performance Qualification Test on Groove Welds1. ScopeThe purpose of this section is to provide guidelines to Company personnel, in particular to the Welding Engineer, concerning the welding, heat treatment and weld inspection of:•Prefabricated piping.•Field welding of prefabricated piping.•Field welding of random length piping.•Field welding of pipe to vessel stub-ends (e.g. furnaces or in some cases vessel to vessel stub-ends due to transport limitations).(Whilst this section is written in terms of welding associated with piping, the same general principles apply to welding of structural steelwork and of storage tanks).Primary responsibility for quality is that of the subcontractor who shall satisfy himself through his own quality system that specified requirements are met.It is the responsibility of the Welding Engineer to ensure that the subcontractor is in fact effectively applying his quality system and obtaining acceptable results.The following specialist organizations are also implicated:•Non destructive and destructive testing firms.•Possibly third party inspector to meet Authorities requirements.Depending on the particular project, their services may be included in the piping subcontractor's scope or alternatively they may be directly controlled by Company.Piping generally involves onsite or offsite prefabrication of spools. This activity may in some circumstances be part of a construction subcontract and controlled from site.It is important that the quality systems put into place for welding and heat treatment of piping adequately cover theactivities of these specialist organizations and of the prefabrication shops. Responsibility for their day-to-day supervision is that of the Welding Engineer.Subsequent sections 17.3 to 17.7 are in effect checklists of points requiring surveillance, inspection or testing. They are intended as a reminder and a help to the Welding Engineer. However, they are no substitute for reading and familiarizing oneself with the subcontract, requisitions, specifications, standards and drawings. In case of conflict it is these project specific documents which prevail.The subcontractor creates his own quality system, which includes proposing the inspection and testing record forms to be used. Their suitability shall be judged by the Quality Assurance Manager in consultation with the Welding Engineer (see Reference 17.8.1).The set of inspection and test record forms attached to this section:•May be used as a basis to review the subcontractor's forms.•May be imposed on the subcontractor should the latter's forms be considered to be unsuitable.2. Applicable Codes•ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, latest issue, or specified equivalent.•American National Standard Code for Pressure Piping ANSI B 31.3, or specified equivalent.•ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, latest issue, or specified equivalent.•Specifications applicable to the job in question.•Clients specifications and additional requirements.•Authority requirements (e.g. T.U.V., Stoomwezen, etc.)3. Welding Procedures and Welders QualificationsAll welding procedure specifications and procedure qualification records shall be submitted by the subcontractor(s) to Company for review and approval.Welders performance qualifications shall be in accordance with applicable procedures, codes, etc. as laid down in 17.2 of this procedure. A copy of the performance qualification test record showing the name of the employer by whom the welder or welding operator was qualified, the date(s) of such qualification and the date the welder last welded pressure piping components under such qualification must be obtained from the previous employer.Renewal of qualification of a performance specification is required:1.When a welder or welding operator has not used the specific process, i.e., metal-arc, gas submerged arc, etc. for aperiod of three (3) months or more.2.When there is specific reason to question his ability to produce welds that meet the specification.When welder qualifications are not available or on request of client, it is allowable to have the welder perform a testweld.It is necessary in this case to perform a guided bend test as described in ASTM E 190-64. The performance of every welder who is newly qualified shall be checked initially more than other welders by means of NDE (see Reference 17.8.2).The Company Welding Engineer can authorize changes in non-essential variables in accordance with section IX of the ASME code and/or other governing codes after approval by client's inspection representative. Such changes do not require thequalification of the procedure in question. However, changes in essential variables not only require requalification but also prior approval by home office Engineering Department and client.4. Inspection RequirementsDefinition of welding inspection: A phase of quality control which by means of examination, observation, or measurement determines the conformance of materials, supplies (gases, electrodes and/or other consumables) parts, components, systems,processes to predetermined quality requirements.The Welding Engineer shall ensure that welding inspection personnel, whether of the piping subcontractor, of the latter‘s own subcontractor or of a third party shall be adequately qualified and experienced to a recognized standard.The following is a list of items to be checked or verified to assure correct field welding. The Welding Engineer shall check the following:a. Qualification of welders•Validity of welders' certificates.•Names of welders whilst at work and if identification marks along completed welds check with qualification.b. Weld numbering•Welds are numbered according to approved numbering system and that ISO's and drawings are marked-up with this number.c. Requirements to be met before welding starts•Proper storage and handling of welding materials.•Use of correct welding rods or wires.•Use of hot-boxes for low-hydrogen welding rods.•Assignment of qualified welders as per above.•Application of adequate WPS (welding procedure specification).•Protection against weather conditions.•Back purging for alloy steel.•Pre-heating.•Check that proper equipment will be used. (e.g. welding machines, purge gases and their associated equipment, heat pre- and after treatment including temperature recording apparatus).•Material check i.e. materials on both sides of weld comply with that in WPS (for further details see Reference17.8.2).•Proper transfer of heat numbers (if required by specification and/or authorities).d. Examination of welding work and weld preparations1. Root opening- rootface and shape of groove- cleanliness- misalignment- removal of tack weld2. Rootpass- check for cracks, porosity- remove slag- remove sharp ridges (grinding to avoid lack of fusion- repairs if necessary- dye penetrant test and/or other NDE if required by WPS (e.g. for heavy wall pipe)3. Subsequent weld layers4. Visual final checks- undercut- configuration of cover passes- crater defects- surface porosity- slag removal- stamp of welder and field weld no. is in place near weld- repairs if required5. NDE as prescribed in specification6. Post weld heat treatment (alloy and heavy wall piping)7. NDE as prescribed in specification (alloy and heavy wall piping)- hardness testsThe work as described under d.1 through d.7 above will be done in the sequence given and between the points d.1 through d.5 there will normally be a holdpoint of the subcontractor between each point till inspection has taken place before proceeding with the next item. The Welding Engineer will determine which items constitute Company holdpoints.Butt-welds shall, when feasible, also be visually inspected inside, paying particular attention to:•cracks•undercutting•overcrown and•lack of penetrationBranch-welds shall be visually inspected as specified for butt-welds.All welds of dummy pipe supports shall be inspected for proper beveling and fit-up after full penetration tack welding, prior to start of root and filler passes.5. Weld Joint PreparationWeld bevels shall be made by machining, grinding or thermal cutting and grinding.The surfaces shall be reasonably smooth and true for good fit-up.Spacers shall be used while tackwelding pipe and fittings in position to ensure proper gap and full penetration in welding.Small tack welds shall be used with full root penetration. Make sure that if pre-heating is required that its requirements are met during tackwelding.6. Heat TreatmentThe Welding Engineer shall ensure with the subcontractor that all necessary precautions are taken to prevent distortion during heat treatment.Heat treatment operations shall be checked for compliance with approved procedures.The proposed stress relieving method and location of thermocouples shall be defined in a written procedure submitted by the subcontractor to the Welding Engineer for approval.Thermocouples and a temperature chart recorder shall be used to provide a permanent record of all post weld heat treatments. Observe the gradient of temperature increase as laid down in the specifications.Thermocouples shall not be in direct contact with electrical heating elements or subjected to flame impingement by gas burners.Thermocouples shall, if applicable, be placed on the inside of objects being heated from the outside and vice versa, if internally heated.At least two thermocouples shall be used for circumferential welds on pipe diameters of 24 in. and smaller. These should be placed at the top and bottom of the pipe. Pipes of diameter larger than 24 in. shall have at least four thermocouples.Threads and gasket surfaces shall be protected from oxidation during heat treatment.After heat treatment, welding or heating is not permitted, if no re-heat treatment is performed. (Re-heat treatments shall be limited to two times).Hardness testing, shall not be done until the pipe has reached ambient temperature.Hardness tests shall be carried out as near to the weld heat affected zone as possible.7. Radiographic RequirementsRadiographic requirements shall be in accordance with the relevant pipe classes and specifications.The first weld of each welder shall have 100% radiography regardless of pipe diameter and thickness.Where random X-ray is required, the Welding Engineer shall select locations.The Welding Engineer shall ensure that the extent of radiography on weld and per welder meets the requirements of theapplicable specifications, ANSI B 31.3 or equivalent specified code.NDE examination will be executed after stress relieving.For further details on X-raying see Non Destructive Examination (see Reference 17.8.2).8. ReferencesWelcome To Download !!!欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！。

American Welding Society&Moody International ChinaWelding Inspection Technology Workbook焊接检验技术工作手册Module1第一单元Welding Inspection and Certification焊接检验和认证Q1-1为什么对焊接质量的需求正在增加？Why is there an increasing need for weld quality?a.安全(Safety)b.经济(Economics)c.低保守系数设计(Less conservative design)d.政府法规(Government regulations)e.所有以上的(All of the above)Q1-2哪个AWS文件所描述的有关CWI认证程序？What AWS document describes the rules for the CWI certification program?a.AWS5.5b.AWS D1.1c.AWS QC-1d.AWS5.1e.AWS14.1Q1-3焊接质量控制应该在焊接已开始后进行？Weld quality control should begin after welding has been initiated.a.对(True)b.错(False)Q1-4AWS QC-1包括哪三种焊接检验师认证？What are the three welding inspector certifications covered in AWS QC-1?a.CAWI,CWI,BWIb.CWI,CAWI,SCWIc.SCWI,CWI,ACWId.Level I,II and IIIe.无上述任何一种(None of the above)Q1-5从总的来讲，作为一个焊接检验师，最重要的素质是什么？What is generally considered to be the most important quality of a welding inspector?a.毕业于焊接职业程序(Graduation from a welding vocational program)b.工程师(An engineering degree)c.助工(An associate degree)d.专业态度(Professional welder certificate)e.具有一个已认可的焊工资格证(Hold a certified welder certificate)Q1-6对一个CWI视力的要求是近视度在The vision requirements for a CWI are near vision acuity on:a.在24英寸内Jaeger J1(Jaeger J1at24inches)b.在12英寸内Jaeger J12(Jaeger12at12inches)c.在12英寸内有或没有纠正镜Jaeger J2(Jaeger12at12inches,with or without corrective lenses)d.检验员不能配戴眼镜(The inspector cannot wear glasses)e.20/20视力(20/20vision)Q1-7首字母组合词KASH代表：The acronym KASH stands for:a.知识，态度，技能和习惯(Knowledge,attitude,skills,and habits)b.知识，应用，技能和习惯(Knowledge,application,skills,and habits)c.知识，态度，技能和忠诚(Knowledge,attitude,skills,and honesty)d.知识，应用，技能和忠诚(Knowledge,application,skills,and honesty)e.知识，态度，诚实和忠诚(Knowledge,attitude,sincerity,and honesty)Q1-8焊接检验师应该对------具有一个基本的理解：The welding inspector should have a basic understanding of:a.焊接工艺(Welding process)b.无损试验方法(Nondestructive testing methods)c.以上a和b(a and b above)d.规范和标准(Codes and standards)e.所有以上(All of the above)Q1-9用于描述由于检验而使生产造成延迟的术语The term used to describe a delay in the production schedule to permit inspection is:a.无损检测(NDE)b.停止点(Hold point)c.检验前(Pre-inspection)d.参考点(Reference point)e.电弧划伤(Arc strike)Q1-10检验报告的纠正应该由-----来做：Inspection report corrections should be made by:a.重新写整个报告(Rewriting the entire report)b.把纠正报告给焊接班长(Reporting the correction to the welding foreman)c.告诉焊工应该做什么(Telling the welder what was done)d.忽略原始错误(Ignoring the original error)e.用单线划出错误，改正的错误，并标上日期及签上姓。

焊工审核英语As a welder, there are several key aspects that are important to consider during the audit process.Firstly, it is crucial to ensure that all welding equipment and machinery are in proper working condition and are being used according to safety regulations. This includes checking for any signs of wear and tear on welding equipment, as well as ensuring that all safety measures such as ventilation and protective gear are being utilized.Secondly, it is important to review the welding procedures and documentation to ensure that they are up to date and in compliance with industry standards. This includes checking for proper documentation of welder qualifications, welding procedures, and inspection records.Additionally, the audit should also include a review of the welder's training and certification records to ensure that they are qualified and up to date with the latest welding techniques and safety protocols.Furthermore, it is important to assess the overall quality of the welds being produced. This can be donethrough visual inspection, as well as non-destructivetesting methods such as ultrasonic testing or radiographyto ensure that the welds meet the required quality standards.In summary, a welder audit should encompass a thorough review of equipment, procedures, documentation, training, and the quality of the welds being produced to ensure that all aspects of the welding process are in compliance with industry standards and safety regulations.作为一名焊工，审计过程中有几个关键方面需要考虑。