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化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学 General Chemistry 分析化学 Analytical Chemistry 有机化学 Organic Chemistry 物理化学Physical Chemistry 谱学导论 Introducton of Spectroscopy 无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry 普通化学和分析化学实验 Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry 现在基础化学 The Principle of Mordern Chemistry 现在基础化学实验 Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry 有机化学实验 Experiments of Organic Chemistry 仪器分析和物理化学实验 Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry 合成化学实验 Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry 现代化学专题 Topic of Modern Chemistry 化学综合实验Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry 化工原理Principle of Chemical Engineering 化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering 应用化学实验Experiments of Applied Chemistry 无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry 近代分析化学 Modern Analytical Chemistry 分离分析化学 Separation Analytical Chemistry 有机化合物波谱鉴定 Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds 有机合成及反应机理 Organic Synthesis and Mechanics 化学进展 Progressin Chemistry 化学反应工程 Chemical Reaction Engineering 应用电化学 Applied Electrochemistry 工业催化 Industrial Catalysis 环境化学 Environmental Chemistry 环境监测 Environmental Monitoring 化学科技英语 Scientific English for Chemistry 数理方法在化学中的应用 Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry 化工制图 Chemical Engineering Cartography 计算机与化学测量实验 Computer and Chemical Measurement 化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics 应用化学专题 Special Topics in Applied Chemistry化工装置常用词汇 1一概论 introduction 方案建议书 proposal 可行性研究feasibility study 方案设计 concept design 工艺设计process design 基础设计 basic design 详细设计 detail design 开工会议 kick-off meeting 审核会议 review meeting 外商投资 foreign investment 中外合资 joint venture 中外合营 joint venture 补偿贸易 compensation trade 合同合同附件 contract 卖方 vendor 买方 buyer 顾客 client 承包商 contractor 工程公司 company 供应范围 scope of supply 生产范围 production scope 生产能力 production capacity 项目 project 界区 battery limit 装置 plant 公用工程 utilities 工艺流程图process flow diagram 工艺流程方块图 process block diagram 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing 物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram 蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout 设备表 equipment list 成品产品 productfinal product 副产品 by-product 原料raw-material 设计基础数据 basic data for design 技术数据 technical data 数据表 data sheet 设计文件design document 设计规定 design regulation 现场服务site service 项目变更 project change 用户变更 client change 消耗定额 consumption quota 技术转让 technical transfer 技术知识 technical know-how technical knowledge 技术保证 technical guarantee 咨询服务consultative services 技术服务 technical services 工作地点 location 施工现场 construction field 报价quotation 标书 bidding book 公司利润 company profit 固定价合同 fixed price contract 固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract 成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金 mobilization 银行保证书 bank guarantee letter 保留金 retention 所得税 income taxes 特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes 城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes 工作手册 work manual 工作流程图 workflow diagram 质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures 采购计划procurement plan 施工计划 construction plan 施工进度construction schedule 项目实施计划 project execution plan 项目协调程序 project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划 project master schedule 设计网络计划engineering network logic 项目质量保证 project quality assurance 项目质量控制 project quality control 采购 procurement 采购周期 procurement period 会签 the squad check 计算书 calculation sheets 询价inquiry 检验 inspection 运输 transportation 开车start up / commission 验收 inspection & acceptance 校核 check 审核 review 审定 approve 版次 version 部门department 专业 specialty 项目号 project number 图号drawing number 目录 contents 序言 foreword 章chapter 节 section 项 item MR material requisition SPEC engineering specification DATA SHEET技术表technical data sheet TBA技术评标 technical bid analysis PDP preliminary design package PM 项目经理project manager LDE专业负责人 lead discipline engineer Material requisition for quotation MRQ材料询价单 MRP材料采购单 material requisition for purchase BEP基础工程设计包 basic engineering packageP&ID管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawingdiagram PFD process flow diagram NNF normally no flow FO failure open FC failure close C/S/Acivil/structure/architecture detail design phase DDP 详细设计阶段二. 工艺流程连续过程 continuous process 间歇过程 batch process 工艺叙述 process description 工艺特点 process feature 操作 operation 反应 reaction 副反应 side reaction 絮凝 flocculation 浮洗 flotation 倾析decantation 催化反应 catalytical reaction 萃取extraction 中和 neutralization 水解 hydrolysis 过滤filtration 干燥 drying 还原 reduction 氧化oxidation 氢化 hydrogenation 分解 decomposition 离解 dissociation 合成 synthetics 吸收 absorption 吸附 adsorption 解吸 desorption 结晶 crystallization 溶解 solution 调节 modulate 控制 control 悬浮suspension 循环 circulation 再生 regeneration 再活化 reactivation 沥取 leaching 破碎 crushing 煅烧caloination 沉降 sedimentation 沉淀 precipitation气化 gasification 冷冻 refrigeration 固化、结晶solidification 包装 package 升华 sublimation 燃烧combustion 引烧 ignition 蒸馏 distillation 碳化carbonization 压缩 compression三、化学物质及特性固体 solid 液体 liquid 气体 gas 化合物 compound 混合物 mixture 粉 powder 片状粉未 flake 小粒 granule 结晶 crystal 乳化物 emulsion 氧化物 oxidizing agent 还原剂 reducing agent 有机物 organic material 真空vacuum 母液 master liquor 富液 rich liquor 贫液 lean liquor 萃出物 extract 萃余物 raffinate 絮凝剂flocculants 冷冻盐水 brine 酸度 acidity 浓度concentration 碱度 alkalinity 溶解度 solubility 凝固点 solidificalion point 沸点 boiling point 熔点melting point 蒸发率 evaporation rate 粘度 viscosity 吸水的 water absorbenta 无水的 anhydrousa 外观appearance 无色的 colorlessa 透明的 transparenta 半透明的 translucent 密度 density 比重 specificgravity 催化剂 catalyst 燃烧 combustion 引燃ignition 自然点 self-ignition temperature 可燃气体combustible gas 可燃液体 inflammable liquid 易燃液体volatile liquid 爆炸混合物 explosive mixture 爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphereenvironment 爆炸极限explosive concentration limit 废水 waste water 废液waste liquid 废气 off-gas 噪声 noise pollution 成分composition 挠度 deflection 力和力矩 force and moment 弯矩 bending moment 应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram 百分比 percentage 环境温度ambient temperature 工作温度 operating 设计温度design temperaturepressure 相对湿度 RH=relative humidity 油渣、淤泥 sludge 杂质 impurity四、化工设备泵 pump 轴流泵 axial flow pump 真空泵 vacuum pump 屏蔽泵 canned pump 柱塞泵 plunger pump 涡轮泵 turbine pump 涡流泵 vortex pump 离心泵 centrifugal pump 喷射泵 jet pump 转子泵 rotary pump 管道泵 inline pump 双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump 计量泵metering pump 深井泵 deep well pump 齿轮泵 gear pump 手摇泵 handwobble pump 螺杆泵 screw spiral pump 潜水泵 submersible pump 斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump 封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump 轴承 bearing 叶轮 impeller 虹吸管 siphon 高压容器 high pressure vessel 焚化炉incinerator 火焰清除器 flame arrester 工业炉 furnace 烧嘴 burner 锅炉 boiler 回转窑 rotary kiln 加热器heater 电加热器 electric heater 冷却器 cooler 冷凝器condenser 换热器 heat exchanger 反应器 reactor 蒸馏釜 still 搅拌器 agitator 混合器 mixer 静态混合器static mixers 管道混合器 line mixers 混合槽 mixing tanks 破碎机 crusher 磨碎机 grinder 研磨机pulverizer 球磨机 ballmill 过滤器 filter 分离器separator 干燥器 drier 翅片 fins 烟囱 stack 火炬flare 筛子 screen 煅烧窑 calciner 倾析器 decanter蒸发器 evaporator 再沸器 reboiler 萃取器 extractor 离心机 centrifuger 吸附收器 adsorber 结晶器crystallizer 电解槽 electrolyzer 电除尘器 electric precipitator 洗涤器 scrubber 消石灰器 slaker 料仓bin 料斗 hopper 加料器 feeder 增稠器 thickener 澄清器 clarifier 分级器 classifier 浮洗器 flocculator废液池 sump 喷射器 ejector 喷头 sprayer 成套设备package unit 仪器设备 apparatus 附属设备 accessory 旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机 nash compressor 螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor 多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor 流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor 管式反应器 tubular reactor 列管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger 螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔 extraction column 板式塔 plate column 填料塔 packed column 洗涤塔 scrubber 吸收塔 absorber 冷却塔 cooling tower 精馏塔 fractionating tower 汽提塔 stripper 再生塔regenerator 造粒塔 prill tower 塔附件 tower accessories 液体分配布器 liquid distributor 填料支持板 support plate 定距管 spacer 降液管 downcomer 升气管 chimney 顶底层塔盘 top bottom tray 挡板 baffle 抽出口 draw nozzle 溢流堰 weir 泡罩 bubble cap 筛板sieve plate 浮阀 float valve 除沫器 demister pad 塔裙座 skirt 椭圆封头 elliptical head 高位槽 head tank 中间槽 intermediate tank 加料槽 feed tank 补给槽make-up tank 计量槽 measuring tank 电解槽 cell 溜槽chute 收集槽 collecting tank 液滴分离器 knockout drum 稀释罐 thinning tank 缓冲罐 surge drum 回流罐reflux drum 闪蒸罐 flash drum 浮顶罐 floating roof tank 内浮顶罐 covered floating roof tank 球罐spheroid 气柜 gas holder 湿式气柜 wet gas-holder 干式气柜 dry gas-holder 螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder 星型放料器,旋转阀 rotary valve 抽滤器 mutche filter 压滤器 filter press 压滤机 pressure filter 板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器 rotary drumfilter 带式过滤器 belt filter 翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter 旋风分离器 cyclone separator 盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier 真空干燥器 vacuum drier 隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier 回转干燥器 rotary drier 穿流循环干燥器 through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器 spray drier 气流干燥器 pneumatic conveyor drier 圆盘式加料器 dish feeder 螺旋式加料器 screw feeder 颚式破碎机jaw crusher 回转破碎机 gyratory crusher 滚洞破碎机roll crusher 锤式破碎机 hammer crusher 冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker 气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer 棍磨机 rod mill 雷蒙机 raymond mill 锤磨机 hammer mill 辊磨机 roller mill 振动筛 vibrating screen 回转筛rotary screen 风机 fan 罗茨鼓风机起重机桥式起重机电动葫芦发电机电动机汽轮机 root's blower crane bridge crane motor hoist generator motor steam turbine五、管道工程 piping engineering1 阀门 valve阀杆 stem 内螺纹阀杆 inside screw 阀座 valve seat body seat 阀座环、密封圈 sealing ring 阀芯包括密封圈,杆等 trim 阀盘 disc 阀体 body 阀盖 bonnet 手轮 hand wheel 手柄 hand level handle 压盖 gland 闸阀 gate valve 平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat 楔形单闸板 split wedge 截止阀 globe valve 节流阀 throttle valve 针阀 needle valve 角阀角式截止阀 angle valve Y 型阀截止阀 Y-valveY-body globe valve 球阀 ball valve 三通球阀 3-way ball valve 蝶阀 butterfly valve 对夹式薄片型 wafer type 偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve 连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve 止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve 柱塞阀piston type valve 旋塞阀 plug valve 三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve 四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve 旋塞 cock 衬套旋塞 sleeve cock 隔膜阀 diaphragm valve 橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve 止回阀 check valve 升降式止回阀 lift check valve 旋启式止回阀 swing check valve 落球式止回阀 ball check valve 弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve 底阀 foot valve 切断式止回阀 stop check valve 活塞式止回阀 piston check valve 翻板止回阀flap check valve 蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve 安全泄气阀 safetySV 安全泄放阀 relief valveRV 安全泄压阀 safety relief valve 杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type 罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve 波纹管密封阀bellow sealed valve 电磁阀 solenoid operated valve 电动阀 electricallyelectric-motoroperated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve 低温用阀 cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap 机械式疏水阀 mechanical trap 浮桶式疏水阀 open top bucket trap 浮球式疏水阀float trap 倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap 自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap 恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap 压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap 脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap 放汽阀自动放汽阀 automatic air vent valve 换向阀 diverting reversing valve 呼吸阀 breather valve 减压阀 pressure reducing valve 控制阀 control valve 执行机构 actuator 差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve 切断阀 block shut-off, stop valve 调节阀 regulating valve 快开阀 quick opening valve 快闭阀 quick closing valve 隔断阀 isolating valve 三通阀 three way valve 夹套阀 jacketed valve 非旋转式阀non-rotary valve2 管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe按标准制造的配管用管 tube不按标准规格制造的其它用管钢管 steel pipe 铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管 clad pipe 碳钢管 carbon steel.pipe 合金钢管 alloy steel pipe 不锈钢管stainless steel.pipe 奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe 无缝钢管 seamlessSMLS steel pipe 焊接钢管welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管electric-resistance-welded steel pipe 电熔弧焊钢板卷管 electric-fusionarc-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 排污阀 blowdown valve 集液排放阀 drip valve 排液阀 drain valve 放空阀 vent valve 卸载阀unloading valve 排出阀 discharge valve 吸入阀suction valve 取样阀 sampling valve 手动阀 hand operatedmanually-operated valve 水龙头bibb;bib;faucet 抽出液阀小阀 bleed valve 旁路阀by-pass valve 软管阀 hose valve 混合阀 mixing valve 破真空阀 vacuum breaker 冲洗阀 flush valve 根部阀root primary, header valve 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管rubber tube 壁厚 wall thicknessWT 壁厚系列号schedule number. 加厚的,加强的 extra heavy strong 双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 double extra heavy strong 弯头elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow 长半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow 长半径 180°弯头long radius return 短半径 180°弯头 short radius return 三通 tee 异径三通 reducing tee 等径三通straight tee 带支座三通 base tee 45°斜三通 45°lateral true"Y" Y 型三通四通 cross 异径管 reducer 同心异径管 concentric reducer 偏心异径管 eccentric reducer 管接头 coupling;full coupling 活接头 union 短管 nipple 预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend U 型弯管"U"bend 法兰端 flanged end 万向接头 universal joint 对焊的 butt weldedBW 螺纹的 threadedTHD 承插焊的socket weldedSW 法兰 flangeFLG 整体管法兰 integral pipe flange 钢管法兰 steel pipe flange 螺纹法兰threaded flange 滑套法兰 slip-on flange 平焊法兰slip-on-welding flange 承插焊法兰 socket welding flange 松套法兰 lap joint flangeLJF 对焊法兰 weld neck flangeWNF 法兰盖 blind flange;blind 异径法兰reducing flange 压力级 pressure ratingclass 突面raised faceRF 凸面 male face 凹面 female face 全平面;满平面 flat face;full faceFF3.管道特殊件 piping speciality粗滤器 strainer 过滤器 filter 临时过滤器 temporary strainercone type Y 型过滤器 Y-type strainer T 型过滤器 T-type strainer 永久过滤器 permanent filter 洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass 阻火器 flame arrester 喷咀;喷头 spray nozzle 喷射器ejector 取样冷却器 sample cooler 消音器 silencer 膨胀节 expansion joint 波纹膨胀节 bellow 补偿器compensator 软管接头 hose connectionHC 快速接头quick coupling 金属软管 metal hose 橡胶管 rubber hose 挠性管 flexible tube 特殊法兰 special flange 漏斗funnel 8 字盲板 spectacle figure 8 blind 爆破板rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢 carbon steel .不锈钢 stainless steel. 铸铁cast iron. 铝 aluminum 铜,紫铜 copper 钛 titanium 抗拉强度 tensile strength 非金属材料 non-metallic material 塑料 plastic 陶瓷 ceramic 搪瓷 porcelain enamel 玻璃 glass 橡胶 rubber 垫片 gasketGSKT 平垫片 flat gasket 填料 packing 型钢 shaped steel 角钢angle steel 槽钢 channel 工字钢 I-beam 宽缘工字钢或H 钢 wide flanged beam 扁钢 flat bar 圆钢 round steel; rod 钢带 strap steel 网络钢板 checkered plate 材料表bill of materialBOM 材料统计 material take-offMTO 散装材料 bulk material 综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheetCPMSS 汇总表 summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线 center line 装置边界 boundary limitBL 区界area limit 设备布置 equipment arrangement layout;plot plan 标高,立面 elevationEL 支撑点 point of supportPOS 工厂北向 plant north 方位 orientation 危险区 hazardous area classification 净正吸入压头 net positive suction head 绝对标高 absolute elevation 坐标 coordinate 管道研究 piping study 管道布置平面piping arrangement planPAP 管道布置 piping assembly; layout 详图 detail "X"视图 view "X" "A-A" 剖视section "A-A" 轴测图 isometric drawing 索引图 key plan 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagramP&ID 管口表 list of nozzles 地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管线号line number 总管 header; manifold 旁路 by pass 常开normally open 常闭 normally closed 取样接口 sampling connection 伴热管 tracing pipe 蒸汽伴热 steamtracing 热水伴热 hot-water tracing 电伴热 electricaltracing 夹套管 jacketed line 全夹套管 full jacketed 比例 scale 图 figure 草图 sketch 图例 legend 符号symbol 件号 part n。
化学工程与工艺专业英语课文翻译Chemical Engineering and Process TechnologyChemical engineering is a branch of engineering that applies physical sciences (physics and chemistry) and life sciences (biology, microbiology, biochemistry) togetherwith mathematics and economics to produce, transform, transport, and properly use chemicals, materials and energy. It essentially deals with the design and operation ofplants and equipment for performing chemical reactions onan industrial scale.Chemical engineers are responsible for the development and production of a diverse range of products, such as fuels, pharmaceuticals, food and drink, and plastics. They also work in a variety of industries, including oil and gas, water treatment, and environmental management.The field of chemical engineering is constantly evolving, with new technologies and processes beingdeveloped to improve efficiency and sustainability. This requires chemical engineers to stay up-to-date with the latest developments in their field and to continually adapt their skills and knowledge.Process technology, on the other hand, focuses on the methods and techniques used to transform raw materials into useful products. This includes the design, operation, and optimization of chemical, physical, and biological processes. Process technologists work closely with chemical engineers to ensure that the processes are efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly.Some of the key areas of study within chemical engineering and process technology include thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, mass transfer, reaction kinetics, process control, and process design. These subjects form the foundation of the discipline and are essential for understanding and solving the complex problems that chemical engineers and process technologists face in their work.In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on sustainability and green engineering within the field of chemical engineering and process technology. This has led to the development of new processes and technologies that minimize waste, reduce energy consumption, and limit the environmental impact of chemical production.One example of this is the use of renewable feedstocks, such as biomass, in place of traditional fossil fuels. By utilizing sustainable raw materials, chemical engineers and process technologists can help to reduce the reliance on finite resources and decrease the carbon footprint of chemical processes.Another important development in the field is the use of process intensification, which involves the integration of multiple processes into a single, more efficient system. This approach can lead to significant improvements in productivity, energy efficiency, and cost savings.As the demand for chemical products continues to grow, the role of chemical engineers and process technologists inaddressing global challenges, such as climate change and resource depletion, becomes increasingly important. By applying their knowledge and skills to develop innovative and sustainable solutions, they can help to create a more environmentally friendly and economically viable future.In conclusion, chemical engineering and process technology are dynamic and interdisciplinary fields that play a crucial role in the production of a wide range of products. With a focus on sustainability and innovation, chemical engineers and process technologists are well-positioned to address the challenges of the 21st century and contribute to the development of a more sustainable and prosperous world.。
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1.Origins of the Chemical IndustryAlthough the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1.Origins of the Chemical IndustryAlthough the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1.Origins of the Chemical IndustryAlthough the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
化学工程与工艺专业英语课文翻译Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业 ...................................................................................... - 1 -Unit 2 Research and Development研究和开发................................................................... - 3 -Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers化学工程师的例行工作............................ - 5 -Unit 4 Sources of Chemicals化学资源 ................................................................................. - 7 -Unit 5 Basic Chemicals基本化学品...................................................................................... - 9 -Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes氯碱及其相关过程.......................................... - 10 -Unit 7 Ammonia, Nitric Acid and Urea氯、硝酸和尿素 ................................................... - 12 -Unit 8 Petroleum Processing石油加工 .............................................................................. - 15 -Unit 9 Polymers 聚合物 ................................................................................................... - 16 -Unit 10 What Is Chemical Engineering?什么是化学工程学 .............................................. - 18 -Unit 11 Chemical and Process Thermodynamics化工热力学 ........................................... - 21 -Unit 12 What do we mean by transport phenomena ?如何定义传递现象 ...................... - 23 -Unit 13 Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering化学工程中的单元操作...................... - 24 -Unit14 Distillation蒸馏....................................................................................................... - 26 -Unit 15 Solvent Extraction, Leaching and Adsorption溶剂萃取，浸取和吸附................ - 28 -Unit 16 Evaporation, Crystallization and Drying蒸发、结晶和干燥................................. - 31 -Unit 17 Chemical Reaction Engineering化学反应工程 ..................................................... - 33 -Unit18 Chemical Engineering Modeling化工建模 ............................................................. - 36 -Unit 19 Introduction to Process Design过程设计简介...................................................... - 37 -Unit 20 Material Science and Chemical Engineer材料科学和化学工程........................... - 39 -Unit 21 Chemical Industry and Environment化学工业与环境 ......................................... - 42 -Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(D-I)daguerreotype 达盖尔银版daily output 日产量dalton's law 道尔顿定律daltonide 道尔顿式化合物dammar 达玛尸dammar varnish 达玛胶漆damper 减震器daniell cell 丹聂耳电池dark color 深色dark line 暗线dark plaster 黑石膏dark reaction 暗反应database 资料库dative bond 配价键daturine 天仙子胺dawsom gas 半水煤气deacetylation 脱乙酰基deacidification 脱酸化deacon process 迪肯制氯法deactivation 去活dead burning 烧结dead burnt gypsum 烧石膏dead gold 消光金dead roasting 完全焙烧dead space 死空间dead time 无感时间deaeration 除汽deaerator 除汽器脱泡器dealkylation 脱烃酌deamidase 脱酰氨基酶deaminase 脱氨酶deamination 脱氨基酌deasphalting 脱沥青debenzolized oil 脱苯油deblooming 脱荧光debris 碎屑debromination 脱溴debye photograph 德拜摄影debye scherrer's method 德拜谢乐法debye's characteristic temperature 德拜特性温度decaborane 癸硼烷decahydronaphthalene 十氢化萘decalcification 脱钙decalin 十氢化萘decane 正十烷decanoic acid 癸酸decantation 倾析decanter 倾析器decarbonization 脱碳decarboxylation 脱羧酌decarburation 脱碳decatizing 蒸呢decay 衰变decay constant 衰变常数decay curve 衰变曲线dechlorinating agent 脱氯剂dechlorination 脱氯decinormal 十分之当量的decoction 煎decolorimeter 去色力计decoloring 脱色decolorization 脱色decolorizer 脱色剂decolorizing agent 脱色剂decolorizing carbon 脱色炭decomposition 分解;腐败decomposition heat 分解热decomposition point 分解点decomposition pressure 分解压力decomposition product 分解产物decomposition reaction 分解反应decomposition voltage 分解电压decontaminate 净化decontamination 消除污染decontamination agent 去污剂decortication 剥外皮decyl alcohol 癸醇decyl mercaptan 癸硫醇decylamine 癸胺decylene 癸烯decylic acid 癸酸decyltrichlorosilane 癸基三氯硅烷deep freeze refrigeration plant 深冷设备deep freezer 深冷器deep refrigeration 深度冷冻defecation 澄清defensive protein 防御蛋白质deferrization 除缺definite composition 一定组成deflagration 暴燃deflocculant 反絮凝剂deflocculating agent 反絮凝剂deflocculation 反絮凝defoamer 去沫剂defoaming agent 去沫剂deformation 变形deformation vibration 形变振动degasification 除气degasifier 除气器degassing 除气degeneracy temperature 简并温度degenerate rearrangement 退化重排degeneration 退化degradation 递降degras 油余物degreaser 脱脂器degreasing 脱脂degreasing agent 脱脂剂degreasing equipment 脱脂器degree of association 连带度degree of branching 支化度degree of crosslinking 交联度degree of dissociation 离解度degree of electrolytic dissociation 电离度degree of fineness 细度degree of freedom 自由度degree of hydrolysis 水解度degree of ionization 电离度degree of orientation 取向度degree of polycondensation 缩聚度degree of polymerization 聚合度degree of saturation 饱和度degree of superheat 过热度degree of swelling 溶胀度degree of tannage 度degree of vacuum 真空度degree of vulcanization 硫化度degumming 脱胶dehalogenation 脱卤酌dehumidifier 减湿器dehydrase 脱水酶dehydrated alcohol 无水酒精dehydrated castor oil 脱水蓖麻油dehydrating agent 脱水剂dehydrating gasoline 脱水汽油dehydrating tower 脱水塔dehydration 脱水dehydrator 脱水器dehydrochlorination 脱氯化氢dehydrocyclization 脱氢环化dehydrogenase 脱氢酶dehydrogenation 脱氢deicer 除冰剂deicing agent 除冰剂deionization 消电离deionized water 脱离子水delayed action 延迟酌delayed coagulation 缓凝delayed coking 延迟焦化delayed elasticity 延迟弹性delayed ignition 延迟点火delayed reaction 迟缓反应delignification 去木质素deliming 脱灰deliquescence 潮解delivery volume 排出容积delocalization energy 非定域能delphinidin 花翠素delphinine 翠雀宁苷delta metal 合金delustering 消光delustering agent 消光剂delustrant 消光剂demasking 解蔽demethylation 脱甲基demijohn 酸瓶demineralization 脱盐demineralizer 脱盐器demulsification 反乳化demulsification number 反乳化值demulsifier 反乳化剂denaturant 变性剂denaturation 变性denatured alcohol 变性酒精denatured protein 变性蛋白质denatured state 变性状态dendritic crystal 枝状晶体denier 旦尼尔denitration 脱硝denitrification 脱氮densimeter 密度计densimetric titration 密度滴定densitometer 密度计density 密度density bottle 比重瓶density gradient centrifugation 密度梯度离心法dental alloy 补齿合金dental cement 补齿水泥dental plaster 牙科石膏deobstruent 泻剂deodorant 脱嗅剂deodorization 脱嗅deodorizer 除嗅器deodorizing 脱嗅deoiling 脱油deoxidant 脱氧剂deoxidation 脱氧deoxidizer 脱氧剂deoxidizing agent 脱氧剂deoxy sugar 脱氧糖deoxyalizarin 去氧茜素deoxycorticosterone 去氧皮质甾酮deoxymannose 脱氧甘露糖deoxyribonuclease 脱氧核糖核酸酶deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribose 脱氧核糖dephlegmation 部分冷凝dephlegmator 分馏柱depilating agent 脱毛剂depilation 脱毛depilatory 脱毛剂depolarization 消偏振酌depolarization degree 去偏光度depolarizer 去极化剂depolymerization 解聚depolymerized rubber 解聚橡胶depolymerizing agent 解聚剂deposit 矿床;沉淀物deposition potential 沉积电位depot 贮藏物质depressimeter 冰点降低计depression of vapor pressure 蒸汽压下降depressor 抑制剂depropanizer 脱丙烷塔depropanizing column 脱丙烷塔deproteinization 脱蛋白质depside 缩酚酸depsidone 缩酚酸环醚depth type filtration 深度过滤derby red 铬红derivative 衍生物derivative polarography 微分极谱法derivative thermometric titration 微分温度滴定derived protein 衍生蛋白质derived unit 导出单位derris 鱼藤酮desalted water 脱盐水desalting 脱盐descending method 下行法desensitization 减敏现象desensitizer 减感剂desensitizing dye 减感染料desiccant 干燥剂desiccating agent 干燥剂desiccation 干燥desiccator 干燥器design of experiments 实验设计desilication 硅氧淋失酌desilverization 脱银desilylation 脱甲硅基desired value 预定值desizing agent 退浆剂desmine 束沸石desmo enzyme 不溶酶desmolase 碳链分解酶desmotrope 稳变异构物desmotropism 稳变异构性desolvation 去溶剂化desorption 解吸附destruction 破坏destructive distillation 分解蒸馏destructive distillation of wood 木材干馏desulfurating agent 脱硫剂desulfuration 脱硫desulfurizer 脱硫器deswelling 消溶胀detection 检验detection coefficient 检波系数detection limit 探测极限detector 检验器detergent 清洁剂deterioration 降解determinant 行列式determination 测定determination of molecular weight 分子量测定detonating cord 引爆线detonating fuse 引爆线detonating gas 爆鸣气detonating primer 雷管detonation 爆震detonation velocity 爆震速度detonator 雷管deuteration 氘化deuterium 氘deuterium oxide 氧化氘deuteron 氘核deuton 氘核devarda's alloy 迪氏铝铜锌合金developed dye 显色染料developer 显影剂developing agent 显影剂developing bath 显色浴developing out paper 显相纸developing solution 显影液development 显影development center 显影中心development factor 显影因素deviation 偏差deville furnace 德威尔炉devitrification 失透devulcanization 脱硫devulcanizer 脱硫器devulcanizing agent 脱硫剂dew point 露点dew point boundary 露点边界dew point depression 露点降低dew point pressure 露点压力dewar flask 杜瓦瓶dewar vessel 杜瓦瓶dewaxing 脱蜡dextran 葡萄聚糖dextrin 糊精dextrorotatory 右旋性dextrorotatory compound 右旋化合物dextrose 右旋糖diabase 辉绿岩diacetate 二醋酸盐diacetin 二醋精diacetone 双丙酮diacetone alcohol 双丙酮醇diacetyl 双乙酰diacetylene 丁二炔diacetylmorphine 二乙酰吗啡diacid base 二元碱diad 二价元素diagometer 电导计diagram 图表dialdehyde 二醛dialkyl sulfate 二烷基硫酸盐dialkylarsine 二烃基胂dialkylate 二烃化合物diallyl 联丙烯diallyl phthalate 己二烯酞酸酯diallyl sulfide 烯丙基硫醚dialuric acid 径尿酸dialysate 透析液dialysis 透析dialytic coefficient 可透系数dialyzator 渗析器dialyzer 渗析器diamagnetic substance 反磁物质diamagnetism 反磁性diamide 二酰胺diamine 二元胺diamine oxidase 二胺氧化酶diaminobenzene 二氨基苯diaminodiphenyl 联苯胺diaminophenol 二氨基苯酚diaminophenol hydrochloride 盐酸二氨基苯酚diamond 金刚石diamyl ether 二戊醚diamyl phenol 二戊基酚diamylamine 二戊胺dianisidine 邻联茴香胺diaphanometer 透闷diaphorase 心肌黄酶diaphragm 隔膜diaphragm cell 隔膜电解槽diaphragm manometer 膜片压力计diaphragm process 隔膜法diaphragm pump 隔膜泵diaphragm type pressure gauge 膜片压力计diapositive film 反底片diarsine 联胂diarylamine 二芳基胺diasolysis 溶胶渗析diaspore 水铝石diastase 淀粉糖化酶diastatic enzyme 糖化酶diastatic power 糖化力diastereoisomer 非对映异构体diastereoisomerism 非对映异构性diastereomer 非对映异构体diastimeter 距离测定计diathermancy 透热性diatom 硅藻diatom earth 硅藻土diatomaceous earth carrier 硅藻土载体diatomaceous earth support 硅藻土载体diatomic molecule 二原子分子diatomite 硅藻土diazinon 地亚农diazo reaction 重氮反应diazoamino compound 重氮氨基化合物diazoaminobenzene 重氮胺基苯diazobenzeneanilide 重氮胺基苯diazocompound 重氮化合物diazole 二唑diazomethane 重氮甲烷diazonium 重氮diazonium salt 重氮盐diazotate 重氮酸盐diazotation 重氮化diazotization 重氮化diazotization titration 重氮化滴定diazotype 重氮印相法dibasic 二元的dibasic acid 二元酸dibazol 地巴唑dibenzyl 二苄基diborane 乙硼烷dication 双阳离子dichlone 二氯萘醌dichloramine 二氮胺dichloride 二氯化物dichloroacetic acid 二氯醋酸dichlorobenzene 二氯苯dichloroethane 二氯乙烷dichloroethyl ether 二氯乙醚dichlorofluoromethane 二氯氟甲烷dichloromethane 二氯甲烷dichloropentane 二氯戊烷dichroism 二向色性dichromate 重铬酸盐dichromatic dye 双色染料dicyan 氰dicyandiamide 氰基胍dicyclohexyl adipate 己二酸二环己酯dicyclohexyl phthalate 酞酸二环己酯dicyclohexylamine 二环己基胺didecyl adipate 己二酸二癸基酯didecyl ether 二癸基醚didecyl phthalate 邻苯二甲酸二癸酯didymium 钕镨混合物die casting 压模铸造dieldrin 狄氏剂dielectric 电介质dielectric breakdown 介质哗dielectric constant 介电常数dielectric drying 高频烘烤dielectric loss 介电损耗dielectric polarization 电介质极化dielectrometer 介质测试仪dielectrometry 介电滴定diels alder reaction 二烯合成diene 二烯diene polymerization 二烯聚合diene synthesis 二烯合成diene value 二烯值dienestrol 双烯雌酚diesel engine 柴油机diesel fuel 柴油机燃料diesel oil 柴油diesterase 二酯酶diethanolamine 二乙醇胺diethyl ether 乙醚diethyl ketone 二乙酮diethyl maleate 马来酸二乙酯diethyl malonate 丙二酸二乙酯diethyl phenyl urea 二乙基苯基脲diethyl phthalate 酞酸二乙酯diethyl succinate 丁二酸二乙酯diethyl sulfate 硫酸二乙酯diethyl tartrate 酒石酸二乙酯diethyl thiourea 二乙硫脲diethylamine 二乙胺diethylbenzene 二乙苯diethylene glycol 二甘醇diethylurea 二乙脲differential chemical reactor 微分化学反应器differential equation 微分方程式differential extraction 微分萃取differential flotation 优先浮选differential flowmeter 差动量计differential manometer 差示压力计differential method 差动法differential polarography 差示极谱法differential refractometer 差示折光计differential solvent 差示溶剂differential staining 鉴别染色differential thermal analysis 示差热分析differential thermal analyzer 差热分析仪differential titration 差示滴定diffraction 衍射diffraction grating 衍射栅diffraction spectrum 衍射光谱diffusate 渗出物diffuse scattering 漫散射diffuser 扩散器diffusing glass 扩散玻璃diffusion 扩散diffusion analysis 扩散系数分析diffusion coefficient 扩散系数diffusion current 扩散电流diffusion heat 扩散热diffusion ion 扩散离子diffusion layer 扩散层diffusion potential 扩散电势diffusion process 扩散过程diffusion pump 扩散泵diffusion reaction 扩散反应diffusion transfer process 扩散转印法diffusion velocity 扩散速度diffusiophoresis 扩散电泳diffusivity 扩散率diffusivity analysis 扩散系数分析diformyl 乙二醛digallic acid 双没食子酸digester 蒸煮器digestibility 消化率digestion 消化;煮解digestive enzyme 消化酶digitalin 狄吉他林digitalis 毛地黄digitonin 毛地黄皂苷digitoxigenin 洋地黄毒苷元digitoxin 狄吉妥辛diglycolic acid 二甘醇酸digoxin 地谷新dihexyl 十二烷dihydrate 二水合物dihydric alcohol 二羟醇dihydrostreptomycin 二氢链霉素dihydroxyacetone 二羟基丙酮dihydroxyacetophenone 二羟基苯乙酮diiodomethane 二碘甲烷diiodothyrosine 二碘酪氨酸diisoamyl phthalate 邻苯二酸二异戊酯diisobutyl adipate 己二酸二异丁酯diisobutyl ketone 二异丁基甲酮diisobutylamine 二异丁胺diisobutylene 二异丁烯diisocyanate 二异氰酸盐diisodecyl adipate 己二酸二异癸酯diisodecyl phthalate 酞酸二异癸酯diisooctyl adipate 己酸二异辛酯diisooctyl azelate 壬二酸二异辛酯diisooctyl phthalate 邻苯二酸二异辛酯diisooctyl sebacate 癸二酸二异辛酯diisopropanolamine 二异丙醇胺diisopropylamine 二异丙基胺diketene 双烯酮diketone 二酮dilactone 双内酯dilatancy 膨胀性dilatation 膨胀dilatometer 膨胀计dilatometric curve 膨胀曲线dilatometry 膨胀测定法dilaurin 二月桂精diluent 稀释剂dilute acid 稀酸dilute solution 稀溶液dilute sulphuric acid 稀硫酸dilution 稀释dilution law 稀释律dilution refrigeration 稀释冷冻dimedrole 地麦德洛尔dimension 量纲dimensional analysis 量纲分析dimensional stability 尺寸恒定性dimensionless number 无因次数dimer 二聚物dimerization 二聚酌dimethyl ether 二甲醚dimethyl phthalate 酞酸二甲酯dimethyl sebacate 癸二酸二甲酯dimethyl sulfate 硫酸二甲酯dimethyl sulfoxide 二甲亚砜dimethyl terephthalate 对酞酸二甲酯dimethylacetal 二甲基缩醛dimethylacetamide 二甲基乙酰胺dimethylamine 二甲胺dimethylaniline 二甲基苯胺dimethylarsine 二甲胂dimethylbenzene 二甲苯dimethylbutadiene rubber 二甲基丁二烯橡胶dimethylether 二甲基乙醚dimethylformamide 二甲基甲酰胺dimethylhydrazine 二甲基肼dimethylolurea 二羟甲基脲dimethylpentane 二甲基成烷dimethylpyridine 卢剔啶dimethylsulphoxide 二甲亚砜dimethylterephthalate 二甲基对酞酸盐dimethylthiophene 二甲基噻吩dimorphism 二形dinas brick 硅酸盐砖dinitrite 双亚硝酸盐dinitrobenzene 二硝基苯dinitroglycerine 二硝基甘油dinitronaphthalene 二硝基萘dinitrophenol 二硝基苯酚dinitrotoluene 二硝基甲苯dinonyl phenol 二壬基苯酚dinonyl phthalate 酞酸二壬酯dioctyl ether 二辛醚dioctyl fumarate 反式丁烯二酸二辛酯dioctyl phthalate 酞酸二辛酯dioctyl sebacate 癸二酸二辛酯diol 二醇diolefin 二烯diolein 二油精diorite 闪绿岩diose 双糖diosgenine 地奥甙元dioxane 二氧六环dioxide 二氧化物dioxide peroxide 二氧化氯dioxindole 二氧吲哚dioxolane 二氧戊环dip dyeing 提浸染色dip oil 浸洗油dipentene 二戊烯dipeptidase 二肽酶dipeptide 二肽diphenic acid 联苯甲酸diphenol 联苯酚diphenyl 联二苯diphenyl carbonate 碳酸二苯酯diphenyl ether 二苯醚diphenyl oxide 二苯基氧diphenyl phthalate 酞酸二苯酯diphenyl urea 碳酰替diphenylacetonitrile 二苯基乙腈diphenylamine 二苯胺diphenylbenzidine 二苯联苯胺diphenylcarbinol 二苯基甲醇diphenylene oxide 联苯抱氧diphenylenemethane 芴diphenylguanidine 二苯胍diphenylhydrazine 二苯肼diphenylketone 二苯甲酮diphenylmethane 二苯甲烷diphenylurea 二苯脲diphosgene 双光气dipolar ion 偶极离子dipole 偶极子dipole molecule 偶极分子dipole moment 偶极矩dipping 浸渍dipping process 浸渍过程dipping refractometer 浸液折射计dipping varnish 浸渍清漆dipropyl ketone 二丙基甲酮dipropyl phthalate 酞酸二丙酯dipropyl sulfide 二丙硫dipropylene glycol 二丙二醇dipyridyl 联吡啶direct color 直接染料direct cotton dye 直接染棉染料direct current 直流direct dye 直接染料direct effect 直接效应direct fertilizer 直接肥料direct fired evaporator 直烧蒸发器direct pressure 定向压力direct reduction 直接还原direct steam 直接蒸汽direct titration 直接滴定direct writing oscillograph 直接记录式示波器direction coefficient 方向系数disaccharide 二糖disaggregation 解聚disazo dye 双偶氮染料disc crusher 盘式破碎机disc electrophoresis 圆盘电泳discharge 放电discharge hopper 卸料斗discharge liquor 排出液discharge rate 放电率discharge test 拔染试验discharge tube 放电管discharging agent 拔染剂discharging hopper 卸料斗discoloration 变色discontinuous operation 周期性操作discriminant analysis 判别分析disilane 乙硅烷disilicate 二硅酸盐disinfectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒disinfector 消毒器disintegration 衰变disintegration constant 衰变常数disintegrator 粉碎机disk crusher 盘式破碎机disk electrophoresis 圆盘电泳disk type rotary vacuum filter 圆盘式旋转真空过滤器disk valve 圆板阀dislocation 错位dismutation 歧化过程disodium hydrogen arsenate 砷酸氢二钠disodium hydrogen phosphate 磷酸氢二钠dispensation 配方dispersant 分散剂disperse dye 分散染料dispersed material 分散质dispersed phase 分散相dispersed system 分散系dispersing agent 分散剂dispersion 分散dispersion force 分散力dispersion medium 分散介质dispersive power 分散本领dispersoid 分散胶体displacement 变位displacement chromatography 置换色谱法displacement law 位移定律displacement reaction 取代反应disproportion 不均衡disproportionation 歧化dissimilation 异化酌dissipation of energy 能量耗散dissipative structure 耗散结构dissociation 解离dissociation constant 离解常数dissociation energy 离解能dissociation pressure 离解压dissolution 溶解dissolved oxygen 溶解氧dissolving power 溶解力dissymmetry 非对称distance control 遥控distearin 二硬脂精distemper 水浆涂料distillate 馏出物distillation 蒸馏distillation apparatus 蒸馏装置distillation column 蒸馏塔distillation curve 蒸馏曲线distillation flask 蒸馏瓶distillation loss 蒸馏损失distillation still 蒸馏釜distillation tower 蒸馏塔distilled water 蒸馏水distributed load 分布负载distribution 分配distribution coefficient 配分系数distribution function 配分函数distribution law 分配律distribution of molecular weight 分子量分布distribution of polymerization degree 聚合度分布disulfide 二硫化物disulfonic acid 二磺酸diterpene 双萜dithiocarbamic acid 氨荒酸dithione 二硫酮dithionic acid 连二硫酸dithiooxamide 红氨酸dithizone 双硫腙diuretic 利尿剂diuretic hormone 利尿激素diuretin 利尿素divalent metal 二价金属divalent system 二变系divinyl 二乙烯divinyl sulfone 二乙烯砜divinylbenzene 二乙烯基苯djave butter 毒雾冰草油dna polymerase dna 聚合酶dnase 脱氧核糖核酸酶docosanoic acid 廿二烷酸doctor process 铅酸钠净化处理doctor solution 博士溶液doctor treatment 铅酸钠净化处理dodecane 十二烷dodecanoic acid 正十二烷酸dodecene 十二烯dodecyl acetate 醋酸十二酯dodecyl chloride 十二基氯dodecylbenzene 十二烷苯dodecylic acid 月桂酸dodecylphenol 十二烷苯酚dolomite 白云石dolomite clinker 白云石熔结dolomite plaster 白云石灰浆domain 晶畴domestic fuel 家用燃料dominant wave length 吱长donator 供体donnan's equilibrium 道南平衡donor 供体dopamine 多巴胺dopaoxidase 多巴氧化酶dope dyeing spun dyeing 原液染色doppler effect 多普勒效应dosage 剂量dose 剂量dose equivalent 剂量当量dose rate 放射量率dosimeter 剂量计dosimetry 剂量测定double arm kneader 双叶片捏和机double bond 双键double bond isomerism 双键异构性double cone mixer 双圆锥式混合机double decomposition 复分解double decomposition reaction 复分解反应double effect evaporator 双效蒸发器double exchange interaction 双重交换相互酌double exposure 双重曝光double fluid cell 双液电池double layer 双层double melting point 双重熔点double refraction 双折射double resonance 双共振double salt 复盐double solvent refining 双溶剂精炼double weighing method 双重秤量法doublet 双重线downdraft 向下通风downspout 下导管draft 通风draft chamber 通风室drain valve 排污阀draught 通风drawing of fiber 拉伸纤维drier 干燥机drinking water 饮水drop culture 点滴培养drop reaction 点滴反应drop sulfur 粒状硫droplet formation 点滴形成dropping bottle 滴瓶dropping electrode 滴液电极dropping funnel 滴液漏斗dropping mercury electrode 滴汞电极dropping point 滴点dropwise condensation 滴状凝结drug metabolism 药物代谢酌drug resistance 药物抗性drum 辊筒drum dryer 鼓式干燥器druse 晶簇dry air cure 干热硫化dry analysis 干法分析dry area 干摩擦点dry area spot 干摩擦点dry assay 干法试金dry blending 干搀和dry box 干箱dry cell 干电池dry cleaning 干洗dry cleaning fluid 干洗铃dry coloring 干颜料dry desiccant dehydration 干态干燥剂脱水酌dry distillation 干馏dry distillation of wood 木材干馏dry dyeing 干法染色dry friction 干摩擦dry gas 干气dry gas holder 干式气柜dry heat vulcanization 干热硫化dry hole 干钻孔dry ice 固体二氧化碳dry plate 干板dry point 干点dry process 干法dry reaction 干反应dry spinning 干纺dry steam 干燥蒸气dry sterilization 干热灭菌dry tack 干粘着性dry weight 干重dry yeast 干酵母dryer 干燥机drying 干燥drying agent 干燥剂drying apparatus 干燥装置drying chamber 干燥室drying efficiency 干燥效率drying oil 干性油drying oven 干燥炉drying plant 干燥设备drying temperature 干燥温度drying time 干燥时间dual gravity valve 双比重阀duboisine 天仙子胺ductility 延性ductilometer 拉伸度仪dulcin 对乙氧基苯脲dulcitol 卫矛醇dull finish 消光dull surface 无光面dulong petit's law 杜珀二氏定律duma's method 杜马斯法duplet 电子偶duplex printing 双面复合印花durability 耐久性duralumin 硬铝durene 杜烯duriron 杜里龙高硅钢durometer 硬度计durometer hardness 硬度计硬度dust chamber 除尘器dust coal 粉煤dust collector 除尘器dust powder 木炭粉dust sampler 粉尘采样器dust separator 除尘分离器dye 染料dye laser 染料激光器dyeing 染色dyeing assistant 染色辅助剂dyeing equilibrium 染色平衡dyeing power 染色力dyeing speed 上染速度dyestuff 染料dyestuff chemistry 染料化学dynameter 倍率计dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡dynamic isomerism 动态异构性dynamic modulus 动态模量dynamic pressure 动压dynamic viscosity 动态粘度dynamics 动力学dynamite 达纳炸药dypnone 缩二苯乙酮dysprosium 镝dysprosium bromide 溴化镝dysprosium carbonate 碳酸镝dysprosium chloride 氯化镝dysprosium hydroxide 氢氧化镝dysprosium nitrate 硝酸镝dysprosium oxide 氧化镝dysprosium oxychloride 氯氧化镝dysprosium phosphate 磷酸镝dysprosium sulfate 硫酸镝dystectic mixture 高熔混合物dystectic point 高熔点e bond e 键early strength cement 早强水泥earth acids 土酸类earth color 矿物颜料earth metals 土金属earth wax 木炭earthenware 陶器earthy humus 土状腐殖质ebonite 硬橡胶ebulliometer 酒精沸点计;沸点测定器ebullioscopic constant 沸点升高常数ebullioscopic method 沸点升高法ebullition 沸腾ecdysone 蜕化素ecgonine 芽子碱echelon grating 梯式格子eclipsing effect 重叠效应economizer 省煤器eddy 涡流eddy conductivity 涡寥导性eddy current 涡电流eddy viscosity 涡脸度edeleanu process 爱德林精炼法edestin 麻仁球蛋白edge runner 轮碾机edible fat 食用脂edible oil 食用油edison storage battery 爱迪生蓄电池editcoal gas 煤气editcyclotron 回旋加速器editmetallized carbon filament 金属化碳丝editmethacrylate resin 甲基丙烯酸尸editnitroglycerin 硝化甘油editpaint film 漆膜editpotassium cyanide 氰化钾editpour point 晶出点editsteric hindrance 立体阻碍editthixotropic gel 触变胶体edittrialkyl chlorosilane 三烷基氯硅烷editwater purification unit 净水设备edman degradation technique 埃德曼降解技术effect of extension 延伸效应effective angle 有效角effective area 有效面积effective collision number 有效碰撞数effective half life 有效半衰期effective head 有效扬程effective permeability 有效渗透率effective power 有效功率effective quantum number 有效量子数effective resistance 有效抵抗effective thermal conductivity 有效热传导率effective value 有效值effervescence 发泡efficiency 效率efficiency of dust collection 除尘效率efficiency of rectification tower 精馏塔效率efflorescence 风化effluent 瘤物efflux velocity 瘤速度efflux viscometer 瘤式粘度计effusiometer 打散计effusion 喷出effusive rock 喷出岩egg albumin 卵清蛋白egg white 蛋白egg yolk 蛋黄ehrlich's reagent 欧利布试剂eicosane 廿烷eicosanoic acid 花生酸eigen energy 本哲eigenfunction 本寨数eigenvalue 本盏eikonogen 显影剂einstein bohr equation 爱因斯坦玻尔方程einstein condensation 爱因斯坦凝聚einstein diffusion equation 爱因斯坦扩散方程einstein photochemical equivalenct law 爱因斯坦光化当量定律einstein photoelectric law 爱因斯坦光电定律einstein planck law 爱因斯坦普朗克定律einstein's equation for specific heat 爱因斯坦比热方程einstein's viscosity equation 爱因斯坦粘度方程式einsteinium 锿ejector 喷射器ejector condenser 喷射式冷凝器eka cesium 类铯eka element 待寻元素eka iodine 类碘eka tantalum 类钽elaeolite 脂光石elaeometer 油脂比重计elaeosacchara 油糖剂elaidic acid 反油酸elaidin 反油酸精elaidin test 反油酸检验elaidinization 反油酸转位elastase 弹性蛋白酶elastic aftereffect 弹性后效elastic body 弹性体elastic collision 弹性碰撞elastic constant 弹性常数elastic deformation 弹性变形elastic force 弹性力elastic gum 弹性胶elastic hysteresis 弹性滞后elastic limit 弹性极限elastic medium 弹性介质elastic modulus 弹性系数elastic recovery 弹性复原elastic rubber 弹性胶elasticity 弹性elastin 弹性硬朊elastomer 弹性体elastometer 弹性计elastoviscometer 弹性粘度计elastoviscometry 弹性粘度测量法elaterometer 气体密度计elatrometry 气体密度测量法elbs reaction 埃尔布斯反应electret 驻极体electric analysis 电分析法electric arc furnace 电弧炉electric calorimeter 电热量计electric charge 电荷electric conductivity 导电率electric conductor 导体electric current 电流electric desalting 电脱盐electric detonator 电爆管electric discharge 放电electric double layer 双电层electric drying apparatus 电干燥机electric dust precipitator 电集尘器electric energy 电能electric field 电场electric furnace 电炉electric heater 电热器electric heating 电热electric insulation 电绝缘electric potential 电位electric power 电力electric precipitation 电力沉淀electric resistance 电阻electric resistance furnace 电阻炉electric resistance manometer 电阻压力计electric resistance thermometer 电阻温度计electric susceptibility 电极化率electric thermostat 电热恒温器electric welding 电焊electrical carbonization 电法炼焦electrical dispersion 电分散法electrical property 电性质electroactive substance 电活性物质electroanalysis 电分析electrocapillarity 电毛细现象electrocapillary curve 电毛细管曲线electrocast brick 电熔耐火砖electrocasted refractories 电炉熔铸耐火物electrocasting 电铸electrocatalysis 电催化酌electroceramics 电陶瓷electrochemical cell 蓄电池electrochemical corrosion 电化学腐蚀electrochemical equivalent 电化当量electrochemical industry 电化工业electrochemical passivation 电化钝化electrochemical polarization 电化极化electrochemical process 电化法electrochemical protection 电化学防腐法electrochemical reaction 电化学反应electrochemical series 电化序electrochemistry 电化学electrochromatography 电气色层法electrocoagulation 电凝聚electroconductive glass 电导玻璃electrocyclic reaction 电环化反应electrode 电极electrode potential 电极势electrode process 电极过程electrode reaction 电极反应electrodecantation 电倾析electrodeposition 电极沉积electrodeposition analysis 电沉积分析electrodialysis 电渗析electroexplosive 电起爆炸药electrofocusing 等电点聚焦electroforming 电铸electrogeochemistry 电地球化学electrogravimetric analysis 电重量分析electrohydrometry 电液体比重测量法electrokinetic phenomena 界面电动学现象electrokinetic potential 界面动电势electroluminescence 电致发光electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质electrolytic aluminium 电解铝electrolytic analysis 电解分析electrolytic analysis apparatus 电解分析装置electrolytic bath 电解槽electrolytic bleaching 电解漂白electrolytic cell 电解槽electrolytic cleaning 电解清洗electrolytic condenser 电解质电容器electrolytic copper 电解铜electrolytic degreasing 电解去油electrolytic dissociation 电离electrolytic dissociation constant 电离常数electrolytic extraction 电解萃取electrolytic hardening 电解硬化electrolytic oxidation 电解氧化electrolytic polarization 电解极化electrolytic polishing 电解研磨electrolytic rectifier 电解整流electrolytic reduction 电解还原electrolytic refining 电解精炼electrolytic solution 电解溶液electrolytical surface treatment 电表面处理electrolytics 电解学electromagnet 电磁铁electromagnetic field 电磁场electromagnetic flowmeter 电磁量计electromagnetic gas analyzer 电磁气分析计electromagnetic induction 电磁感应electromagnetic oscillograph 电磁式示波器electromagnetic separation 电磁分离electromagnetic separator 电磁分离器electromagnetic wave 电磁波electromerism 电子异构electrometallurgy 电冶金学electrometer 电位计electrometer tube 电表管electrometric titration 电滴定electromigration 电迁移法electromotive force 电动势electron 电子electron affinity 电子亲合势electron beam 电子束electron capture 电子俘获electron cloud 电子云electron configuration 电子构型electron density 电子密度electron diffraction 电子衍射electron donor 电子供体electron emission 电子发射electron exchange 电子交换electron exchange resin 电子交换尸electron gas 电子气electron lattice interaction 电子点阵相互酌electron microscope 电子显微镜electron orbit 电子轨道electron oxidation reduction resin 电子交换尸electron pair 电子对electron pair bond 电子对键electron probe microanalysis 电子探针微量分析electron rays 电子束electron redox resin 电子交换尸electron shell 电子壳electron spectroscopy 电子能谱术electron transfer reaction 电子转移反应electron transport 电子转移electron transport system 电子传递体系electron tube 电子管electron volt 电子伏特electronegative element 阴电性元素electronegativity 电负度electronic charge 电子电荷electronic computer 电子计算机electronic conduction 电子传导electronic friction 电子摩擦electronic galvanometer 电子管检疗electronic oscillator 电子振荡器electronic polarization 电子极化electronic self balancing type recorder 电子自动平衡记录器electronic structure of molecule 分子的电子结构electronic tube glass 真空管玻璃electronic voltmeter 电子伏特计electronics 电子学electroosmosis 电渗透electrophilic agent 亲电子试剂electrophilic reaction 亲电子反应electrophilic rearrangement 亲电子换位electrophoresis 电泳electrophoresis apparatus 电泳器electrophoretic effect 电泳效应electrophotography 电照相术electroplating 电镀electropositive element 阳电性元素electropositive potential 阳电势electroscope 验电器electrosol 电溶胶electrostatic field 静电场electrostatic induction 静电感应electrostatic potential 静电势electrostatic separator 静电选矿机electrostatic valence rule 静电价规则electrostenolysis 细孔隔膜电解electrotechnical porcelain 电瓷electrothermic industry 电热工业electrothermics 电热学electrovalence 离子价electrowinning 电解沉积element 元素elementary analysis 元素分析elementary charge 电子电荷elementary particle 基本粒子elementary reaction 基本反应elemi 榄香脂eleolite 霞石eleolite syenite 霞石正长岩eleostearic acid 桐酸elevation of boiling point 沸点升高elgin extractor 埃尔金萃取器elimination reaction 消除反应ellagic acid 花烯ellipsometry 椭圆光度法elongation percentage 伸长率eluate 洗出液eluent 洗脱液elution 洗提elution analysis 淘析分析elution constant 淋洗常数elution curve 淘析曲线elutriation 淘析elutriator 淘析器emagram 埃玛图eman 埃曼emanation 射气emerald 纯绿宝石emerald green 巴黎绿emery 金刚砂emery cloth 研磨砂布。
Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1.Origins of the Chemical IndustryAlthough the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
化工专业英语词汇化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学General Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry谱学导论Introducton of Spectroscopy无机化学Inorganic Chemistry普通化学和分析化学实验Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry现在基础化学The Principle of Mordern Chemistry现在基础化学实验Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry有机化学实验Experiments of Organic Chemistry仪器分析和物理化学实验Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry 合成化学实验Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry现代化学专题Topic of Modern Chemistry化学综合实验Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry化工原理Principle of Chemical Engineering化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering应用化学实验Experiments of Applied Chemistry无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry近代分析化学Modern Analytical Chemistry分离分析化学Separation Analytical Chemistry有机化合物波谱鉴定Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds有机合成及反应机理Organic Synthesis and Mechanics化学进展Progress in Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering应用电化学Applied Electrochemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis环境化学Environmental Chemistry环境监测Environmental Monitoring化学科技英语Scientific English for Chemistry数理方法在化学中的应用Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry 化工制图Chemical Engineering Cartography计算机与化学测量实验Computer and Chemical Measurement 化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics应用化学专题Special Topicsin Applied Chemistry一、化工装置常用词汇一概论introduction方案(建议书) proposal可行性研究feasibility study方案设计concept design工艺设计process design基础设计basic design详细设计detail design开工会议kick-off meeting审核会议review meeting 外商投资foreign investment中外合资joint venture中外合营joint venture补偿贸易compensation trade合同合同附件contract卖方vendor买方buyer顾客client承包商contractor工程公司company供应范围scope of supply生产范围production scope生产能力production capacity项目project界区battery limit装置plant公用工程utilities工艺流程图process flow diagram工艺流程方块图process block diagram管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument drawing物料及热量平衡图mass & heat balance d iagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图steam & condensate balance d iagram 设备布置图equipment layout设备表equipment list成品(产品) product(final product)副产品by-product原料raw-material设计基础数据basic data for design技术数据technical data数据表data sheet设计文件design document设计规定design regulation现场服务site service项目变更project change用户变更client change消耗定额consumption quota技术转让technical transfer技术知识technical know-howtechnical knowledge技术保证technical guarantee咨询服务consultative services技术服务technical services工作地点location施工现场construction field报价quotation标书bidding book公司利润company profit固定价合同fixed price contract固定单价合同fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同cost plus award fee contract 定金mobilization银行保证书bank guarantee letter保留金retention所得税income taxes特别承包人税special contractor's taxes城市和市政税city and municipal taxes工作手册work manual工作流程图work flow diagram质量保证程序QA/QC procedures采购计划procurement plan施工计划construction plan施工进度construction schedule项目实施计划project execution plan项目协调程序project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划project master schedule设计网络计划engineering network logic项目质量保证project quality assurance项目质量控制project quality control采购procurement采购周期procurement period会签the squad check计算书calculation sheets询价inquiry检验inspection运输transportation开车start up / commission验收inspection & acceptance校核check审核review审定approve版次version部门department专业specialty项目号project number图号drawing number目录contents序言foreword章chapter节section项itemMR material requisitionSPEC engineering specificationDATA SHEET（技术表）technical data sheetTBA(技术评标）technical bid analysisPDP preliminary design packagePM (项目经理) project managerLDE( 专业负责人) lead discipline engineerMRQ( 材料询价单) Material requisition for quotationMRP(材料采购单) material requisition for purchaseBEP( 基础工程设计包) basic engineering packageP&ID( 管道及仪表流程图) piping and instrument d rawing(diagram) PFD process flow diagramNNF normally no flowFO failure openFC failure closeC/S/A civil/structure/architectureDDP （详细设计阶段）detail design phase二、工艺流程连续过程continuous process间歇过程batch process工艺叙述process description工艺特点process feature操作operation反应reaction副反应side reaction絮凝flocculation浮洗flotation倾析decantation催化反应catalytical reaction萃取extraction中和neutralization水解hydrolysis过滤filtration干燥drying还原reduction氧化oxidation氢化hydrogenation分解decomposition离解dissociation合成synthetics吸收absorption吸附adsorption解吸desorption结晶crystallization溶解solution调节modulate控制control悬浮suspension循环circulation再生regeneration再活化reactivation沥取leaching破碎crushing煅烧caloination沉降sedimentation沉淀precipitation气化gasification冷冻refrigeration固化、结晶solidification 包装package升华sublimation燃烧combustion引烧ignition蒸馏distillation碳化carbonization压缩compression三、化学物质及特性固体solid液体liquid气体gas化合物compound混合物mixture粉powder片状粉未flake小粒granule结晶crystal乳化物emulsion氧化物oxidizing agent还原剂reducing agent有机物organic material真空vacuum母液master liquor富液rich liquor贫液lean liquor萃出物extract萃余物raffinate絮凝剂flocculants冷冻盐水brine酸度acidity浓度concentration碱度alkalinity溶解度solubility凝固点solidificalion point 沸点boiling point熔点melting point蒸发率evaporation rate 粘度viscosity吸水的water absorbent(a) 无水的anhydrous(a)外观appearance无色的colorless(a)透明的transparent(a)半透明的translucent密度density比重specific gravity催化剂catalyst燃烧combustion引燃ignition自然点self-ignition temperature可燃气体combustible gas可燃液体inflammable liquid易燃液体volatile liquid爆炸混合物explosive mixture爆炸性环境explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限explosive concentration limit废水waste water废液waste liquid废气off-gas噪声noise pollution成分composition挠度deflection力和力矩force and moment弯矩bending moment应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram百分比percentage环境温度ambient temperature工作温度operating设计温度design temperature(pressure)相对湿度RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥sludge杂质impurity四、化工设备泵pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵screw (spiral) pump潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵air-lift-pump轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater 冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator混合器mixer静态混合器static mixers 管道混合器line mixers 混合槽mixing tanks破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机pulverizer球磨机ballmill过滤器filter分离器separator干燥器drier翅片fins烟囱stack火炬flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner倾析器decanter蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附（收）器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷射器ejector喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor 多级压缩机mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔extraction column板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液体分配（布）器liquid distributor填料支持板support plate定距管spacer降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶(底)层塔盘top (bottom) tray挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽make-up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank 球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器cyclone separator盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier真空干燥器vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机roll crusher锤式破碎机hammer crusher冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer棍磨机rod mill雷蒙机raymond mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机fan罗茨鼓风机root's blower起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发电机generator电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine五、管道工程piping engineering1阀门valve阀杆stem内螺纹阀杆inside screw阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等) trim阀盘disc阀体body阀盖bonnet手轮hand wheel手柄hand level (handle)压盖gland闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板split wedge截止阀globe valve节流阀throttle valve针阀needle valve角阀(角式截止阀) angle valveY 型阀(截止阀) Y-valve(Y-body globe valve) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型) wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀combined non-return butterfly valve 柱塞阀piston type valve旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve翻板止回阀flap check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve安全泄气阀safety[SV]安全泄放阀relief v alve[RV]安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀bellow sealed valve电磁阀solenoid (operated) valve电动阀electrically(electric-motor)operated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阀mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀) (automatic) air vent valve换向阀diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀breather valve减压阀pressure reducing valve控制阀control valve执行机构actuator差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve切断阀block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阀jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子pipe( 按标准制造的配管用管)tube( 不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢管stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand operated(manually-operated) valve(水)龙头bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve根部阀root (primary, header) valve水煤气钢管water-gas steel p ipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube壁厚wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的double extra heavy (strong) 弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow长半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带支座三通base tee45°斜三通45° lateralY 型三通true"Y"四通cross异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer管接头coupling;full coupling活接头union短管nipple预制弯管fabricated pipe bendU 型弯管"U"bend法兰端flanged end万向接头universal joint对焊的butt welded[BW]螺纹的threaded[THD]承插焊的socket welded[SW]法兰flange[FLG]整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰slip-on flange平焊法兰slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖blind flange;blind异径法兰reducing flange压力级pressure rating(class)突面raised face[RF]凸面male face凹面female face全平面;满平面flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件piping speciality粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时过滤器temporary strainer(cone type) Y 型过滤器Y-type strainerT 型过滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower 视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷咀;喷头spray nozzle喷射器ejector取样冷却器sample cooler消音器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow补偿器compensator软管接头hose connection[HC] 快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel 8 字盲板spectacle (figure 8) blind 爆破板rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁cast iron[C.I.]铝aluminum铜,紫铜copper钛titanium抗拉强度tensile strength非金属材料non-metallic material 塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel玻璃glass橡胶rubber垫片gasket[GSKT]平垫片flat gasket填料packing型钢shaped steel角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H 钢wide flanged beam扁钢flat bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel网络钢板checkered plate材料表bill of material[BOM]材料统计material take-off[MTO]散装材料bulk material综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS]汇总表summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线center line装置边界boundary limit[BL]区界area limit设备布置equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan标高,立面elevation[EL]支撑点point of support[POS]工厂北向plant north方位orientation危险区hazardous area classification净正吸入压头net positive suction head绝对标高absolute elevation坐标coordinate管道研究piping study管道布置平面piping arrangement p lan[PAP]管道布置piping assembly; layout详图detail"X"视图view "X""A-A" 剖视section "A-A"轴测图isometric drawing索引图key plan管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument diagram[P&ID] 管口表list of nozzles地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管线号line number总管header; manifold旁路by pass常开normally open常闭normally closed取样接口sampling connection伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line全夹套管full jacketed比例scale图figure草图sketch 图例legend 符号symbol 件号part n。
