高考英语阅读-主旨大意

高考英语阅读理解题题型归纳及应试技巧高考英语阅读理解题题型归纳及应试技巧近几年来的高考英语试题不仅加大了阅读量，设题方式也越来越注重对学生深层次阅读理解才能的考察。

本人在长期的高考英语备考教学中，总结出阅读理解题常见出题方式及应试技巧，让学生在考场上能明白出题人考察目的，采取相应技巧，做到知彼，从而进步解题速度与准确性。

一、主旨大意题高考英语阅读理解的主旨大意题主要是考察考生在理解全文的根底上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法对文章进展高度的概括或总结的才能。

常见的设问方式有：标题类：W hat’s the best title/headline for thepassage？大意类：The text is mainly about . Thetopic / subject discussed in the passage is .From the passage, we can conclude that .作者意图类：What’s the writer’s purposeinwriting the passage？针对主旨大意类型的题，考生可以掌握以下解题策略：把握文章逻辑构造，快速找出主题；寻找主题句，确定文章中心思想；将首段中心句和各段第一句话连接成一个整体，得出文章主题；逆向思维法解标题类问题。

此类题关键在于通读全文，理解作者写作意图，不受干扰项细节影响，要把握好文章的大意，抓住文章的主题句，还应注意文章的体裁及写作目的。

二、数据推断题解答此类题，关键是要擅长捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的根底上，运用自己的数学知识，分列数字，对其进展分析^p 、推算，从而得出正确的结论。

如阅读理解题：……But now there is a Winter-swimmingEnthusiasts’Club and it has more than 2.000 mem.bers. The oldest is 84 years old and the youngest isonly 7. The members are from all walks oflife ……The question is : Among the winter-swimmersthe oldest is _____ years older than the youngestone.A. 91B. 84 C . 77 D. 7答案是C。

考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类A(2021·山东烟台一模)The paper, published in May by the Journal of Marketing Research, analysed purchases made from a single large European retailer and found that free shipping did encourage customers to buy more. But it also increased purchases of items that historically have higher return rates, such as clothing or products from lesser-known brands. Thus, returns also increased as a result of the promotions, to the point where profits were erased.In one part of the paper, during the typically four-week periods when free shipping was offered, online order volumes rose 11%. But when the cost of returns was compared with the sales proceeds(收入), the authors calculated that on balance the results for the promotion periods amounted to an average 0.7% loss.In one analysis that ran for two months, the researchers found that the return rate for customers who bought low-risk products—like office supplies, or products from well-known brands—averaged about 22%.In another analysis, the researchers attempted to better understand motivations of online shoppers by measuring their attitudes towards free shipping. They found two things were happening. First, consumers saw free shipping as compensation for taking a risk on a product. Second, feelings of gratitude for having shipping costs eliminated(消除) made them happy and thus more willing to make a risky purchase.Prof.Neslin advises companies to look at whether their own free-shipping promotions are profitable before they launch such campaigns. Also, he advises companies to identify which products get returned more often than others and try to provide customers with more information about those products, so they can make more informed choices.1.What erased the profits according to the first paragraph?A.The risky customers.B.The European retailer.C.The returned items.D.The lesser-known brands.2.What can we learn from the passage?A.Consumers risked purchasing a product when free shipping came along with it.B.Free shipping encouraged customers to buy products from well-known brands.C.Online order volumes rose only when free shipping was offered as compensation.D.Purchases of office supplies also increased during the typically four-week periods.3.What is the passage mainly about?A.Low-risk products.B.Return rates.C.Increased purchases.D.Free shipping.B(2021·湖北黄冈高三4月模拟)An advance in electronic publishing could make the e-book you are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers hope to explore the growing success of e-books by releasing versions with added soundtracks(电影原声音乐) and musical accompaniments.The noise in the first multimedia books—released in Britain—include the rain hitting a window in a Sherlock Holmes tale. When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension.Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple pleasure of having the imagination stimulated by reading.Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency, said the new generation of computer-literate readers was used to multiple sensory input. She said,“Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that’s what the market wants then we should respond to the market.”Booktrack’s sound effects work by estimating the user’s reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the software reassesses where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to switch on accordingly. If the soundtrack becomes out of sync(同步), a click on any word will reset it.Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading. David Nicholls, author of Our Day, the best-seller now released as a film, said, “This sounds like the opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading an e-book because I’m constantly distracted by emails.”Stuart MacBride sells 18% of his books as electronic downloads. He said,“If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don’t need someone to tell me what teacups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.”4.What do publishers expect an e-book soundtrack to do?A.Help to release an e-book as a film.B.Help readers improve reading speed.C.Add tension at a book’s exciting point.D.Get readers familiar with the background.5.Who is in favour of added soundtracks for e-books?A.Sherlock Holmes.B.Caroline Michel.C.David Nicholls.D.Stuart MacBride.6.What do we know about Stuart MacBride?A.He was a person who was easy to get angry.B.He knew a great deal of tea.C.Eighty-two percent of his books described crime.D.He imagined sounds related to the story when reading.7.What’s the main idea of the passage?A.Opinions about e-books with soundtracks.B.Response to the need of the book market.C.Reasons for traditional e-books becoming outdated.D.Suggestions on encouraging readers’ imagination.C(2021·湖南长郡十五校高三联考)For most people, graduation is an exciting day of the celebration of years of hard work. My graduation day was not.I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to attend the celebration. But just like everyone else in my class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loan was drawing closer.You know that feeling when you wake up in fear? That feeling became a constant in my life. Days felt like weeks, weeks like months. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much I tried, I just couldn’t seem to make any progress.So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智)? I decided to write. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearer—a little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough, sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I put my thoughts into a children’s book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world—just a lot of hard work and perseverance—I was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. I was offered a second book deal. Then, a few months later, I got an interview and was hired shortly.The moral of this story is... don’t give up. Even if things look bleak now, don’t give up. If you work hard, things will always get better. Oftentimes all we need is the courage to overcome difficulties.8.From paragraph 2, we can learn that the author probably .A.was having an exciting graduationB.was getting into financial difficultiesC.missed the life in the universityD.had just applied for the student loan9.How did the author change the frustrating situation?A.By sending applications.B.By offering contracts.C.By keeping writing.D.By publishing books.10.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bleak” in the last paragraph?A.Unattractive.B.Hopeless.C.Thrilling.D.Promising.11.What is the passage mainly about?A.Success belongs to the persevering.B.A contented mind is a permanent feast.C.A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner.D.Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。

高考阅读理解主旨大意题专项主旨大意题通常涉及概括中心大意、揭示主题、选择标题判断作者写作意图等形式。

1.The main idea of the passage is that __________.2.The passage is mainly about __________.3.The best title of the passage is __________.4.From the passage we can learn/ conclude that __________.5.The topic/ subject discussed in the passage is __________.6.Which is the best title of this passage?7.What’s the main idea of the passage?8.What’s the purpose of__________?实战演练A(全国I)Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.1. What is the text mainly about?A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.2. Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that_________ ．A. they look like young cuckoosB. they have claws on the wingsC. they eat a lot like a cowD. they live on river banks3. What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?A. They had claws to help them climb.B. They could fly long distances.C. They had four wings like hoatzins.D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.4. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?A. To find more food.B. To protect themselves better.C. To keep themselves warm.D. To produce their young.B(全国卷I )Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.Any owner will tall you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people - half of them pet owners –while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best .Those testedwith their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned. Most quickly to baseline heart rates .With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes. Than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more released (放松)around Pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a Year studying 36 fat people and were put on a diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 fat people without pets were put on a diet program. On average，people lost about 11 pounds，Or 5% of their body weight .Their dogs did even better，losing an average of 12 pounds，more then 15%of their body weight .Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but ,say Researchers，got more exercise overall –mostly with their dogs –and found it worth doing.1．What does the text mainly discuss?A. What pets bring to their ownersB. How pets help people calm downC. people’s opinions of keeping petsD. Pet’s value in medical research2．We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if____________A. he has a pet companionB. he has less stress of workC. he often dose mental arithmeticD. he is taken care of by his family3．According to Allen, why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?A. They have lower blood pressure.B. They become more patient.C. They are less nervous.D. They are in higher spirits.4．The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that __________.A. people with dogs did more exerciseB. dogs lost the same weight as people didC. dogs liked exercise much more than people didD. people without dogs found the program unhelpfulC(天津)To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human.Common sense is not all that common.Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse?These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature .To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibili ty for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do .The original quote about human nature went like this:” To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的).”This saying mirrors an i deal people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite –find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity.Common sense is what we call clear thought. Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan. Commonsense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm, but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine．Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything. People say that in a large company,” the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing.”And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people. Get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time. There is a corollary(直接推论)to that: if good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest, then where is the place of the truth?1. According to the passage, which of following seems the most human?A. To search for truth．B. To achieve one’s idealC. To make fun of others’ mistakes．D. To criticize others for one’s own error. 2．According to the author, what is a sign of a man’s mat urity?A. Doing things his own way.B. Bearing responsibility for his mistakes.C. Making as few mistakes as possible．D. Thinking seriously about his wrongdoing.3．Which of the following is NOT based on common sense?A. A man tries to take charge of everything in a large company.B. A student goes out with an umbrella in stormy weather.C. A company’s next move follows a good plan．D. A lawyer acts on fine judgments．4. What is the author’s opinion about a good excuse?A. Making a good excuse is sometimes a better policy.B. Inventing a good excuse needs creative ideas.C. A good excuse is as rewarding as honesty.D. Bitter truth is better than a good excuse.5. What would be the best title for his passage?A. A Mirror of Human NatureB. To Blame or to ForgiveC. A Mark of MaturityD. Truth or ExcuseD(重庆)Sitting on the peaceful coast of the Galapagos Islands. Ecuador , watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldn’t forget the Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired(启发) his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin’s footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to theislands.The islands are certainly a paradise (天堂) for wildlife, as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control. Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin die hour 200 years ago ,each day is as impressive as it could be.The most well crown animal of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise ( 巨型陆龟),which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Santa Cruz, the second largest island in the archipelago(群岛). Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself.Despite strict control over activities and timing, you stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures; diving with sea how that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch you feet as you swim and ,most magically , seeing a with and her baby surface with great breath of air.Traveling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will fell as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world .At night you will sleep on board the ship , leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands, which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time.1. What do we know about Darwin’s visit to the islands?A. He studied different creatures on the islands.B. He completed his famous book on the islands.C. He was touched by the geography of the islands.D. He was attracted by well-known animals of the islands.2. Which of the following plays a role in making the islands “a paradise for wildlife”?A. Animals on the islands feed on grass.B. Local government forbids killing wildlife.C. People cannot visit the islands as they wish.D. Tourists are not allowed to torch the animals.3．Your stay on the islands will be most impressive mainly because of .A. the beautiful sea viewsB. Darwin’s inspiring tripC．a closer view of animals D. various daring activities4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. A Unique Attraction for Wildlife LoversB. Galapagos as a Paradise for AdventurersC. Charles Darwin as a Symbol of GalapagosD. A Successful Example of Wildlife ProtectionE(重庆)Humans are naturally drawn to other life forms and the worlds outside of our own. We take delight in the existence of creatures and even whole societies beyond our everyday lives.This sense of wonder is universal look at the efforts that scientists have made to find out whether life of some kind exists on Mars, and the popularity of fantasy(幻想) literature or movies like The lord of the Rings, This sense of wonder draws us to each other, to the world around us, and to the world of make-believe. But have we gone to far in creating worlds of fantasy that we are missing the pleasure of other worlds that already exist all around us?Human beings, as biologists have suggested, possess an inborn desire to connect with and understand other life forms, however, people, especially in big cities, often lead rather isolated lives. In a study of British schoolchildren, it was found that children by age eight were much more familiar with characters for television shows and video games than with common wildlife. Without modern technology, a small pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants, insects, birds, and animals. When we lack meaningful interaction (交互) with the world around us, and sometimes even with our families and friends , we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen The world of make-believe is not necessarily bad, But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet (出路) our sense of wonder, then we are really missing something, We are missing a connection with the living world. Otherwonderful wonderful worlds exist all around us. But even more interesting is that if we look closely enough, we can see that these worlds, in a broad sense, are really part of our own.1. The popularity of The Lord of the Rings proves ___ .A. the close connection between man and the fantasy worldB. the wonderful achievements of fantasy literatureC. the fine taste of moviegoers around the worldD. the general existence of the sense of curiosity2. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?A. People are far less familiar with the world of fantasy.B. The world around us could serve as a sound of wonder.C. The world of fantasy can be mirrored by a small and lively pond.D. Modern technology prevents us from developing our sense of wonder.3. If our sense of wonder relies totally on the world of make-believe. We will______.A. fail to appreciate the joy in our livesB. be confused by the world of make-believeC. miss the chance to recognize the fantasy worldD. be trapped by other worlds existing all around us4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To show us the hidden beauty in our world.B. To warn us not to get lost in the fantasy wonderC. To argue against the misuse of the sense of wonderD. To discuss the influence of the world of make-believe。

高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧导语：高考复习的重点一是要掌握所有的知识点，二就是要大量的做题，以下是小编为大家精心整理的高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧，欢迎大家参考！
阅读理解之主旨大意题
我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。

因此，主旨大意题是常考题。

主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。

广东高考近
几年来考查过的题目中mainly about 只考过4 题，title 题考了5 题，purpose 题考了5 题。

解题技巧
1.弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。

主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。

各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。

议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。

2.找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即
快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。

找主题句的四个小窍门：
(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually 等)
时，该句很可能是主题句。

(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词
语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude,。