GRADE 8O ALLOY STEEL CHAIN

碳素结构钢80的介绍
1.化学成分
C80钢的化学成分一般包括0.75-0.85%的碳（C）、0.17-0.37%的硅（Si）、0.17-0.37%的锰（Mn）、0.035%以下的磷（P）和硫（S）等等。

其中，碳的含量决定了钢的强度和硬度，而硅、锰等合金元素的添加可以提高钢的可加工性和耐腐蚀性。

2.物理性能
C80钢的物理性能表现出较高的强度和硬度。

通常情况下，C80钢的抗拉强度为≥785MPa，屈服强度为≥685MPa，延伸率为≥12%，断面收缩率为≥50%。

此外，C80钢的硬度范围在156-207HBW之间。

这些物理性能使得C80钢能够承受较大的载荷和应力，并具有一定的韧性。

3.热处理
C80钢可以进行热处理以改变其组织和性能。

常见的热处理方式包括退火、正火和淬火。

退火可以降低材料的硬度和强度，提高可加工性；正火则可以提高材料的硬度和强度，适用于一些要求较高的应用场合；淬火则能够使材料具有更高的强度和硬度，但韧性下降。

4.应用领域
C80钢由于其适中的碳含量和良好的强度、硬度以及加工性能，被广泛应用于机械制造和结构工程领域。

具体应用包括制造轴承、弹簧、机械零件、卡盘和刀具等工业用品，以及建筑结构和桥梁等工程结构。

总之，碳素结构钢80（C80钢）是一种常用的中碳钢，具有较高的强度和硬度，以及良好的可加工性和可焊性。

它在机械制造和结构工程领域中扮演着重要的角色，广泛应用于制造和建设领域。

WELDED STEEL CHAIN SPECIFICATIONSAdopted April 26, 2003by theNational Association of Chain ManufacturersUse and Performance LimitationThese size and related specifications are applicable to chain in proper physical condition used at or below the working load limit in normal use conditions.The conditions involving use in certain environmental situations such as unusual (high or low) temperature, chemical, etc., can cause changes in chain performance. Sudden application of dynamic loads, which cause the load in the chain to exceed the working load limit, are to be avoided. Individual manufacturers will provide information and recommendations concerning those conditions most likely to cause problems.This document has been developed by the National Association of Chain Manufacturers (NACM) in accordance with its objectives. NACM, its members, and those participating in its activities shall not incur any obligation or liability for injury or damages, including consequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance on this document. NACM does not inspect, approve or certify products as complying with the requirements of this document.Copyright, 2003, National Association of Chain ManufacturersAll Rights Reserved.NACM WELDED STEEL CHAIN SPECIFICATIONS1.0 TITLE1.1NACM Welded Steel Chain Specifications2.0SCOPE2.1These specifications cover properties and grades of welded steel chain for industrial and commercial usesproduced to accepted commercial tolerances. Special products such as sprocket chain, pocket wheelchain, etc., are not covered by this specification. For specific applications, the user should consult themanufacturer for recommendations as to size and grade.Grade 100 Alloy Chain Premium quality, highest strength alloy chain, heat treated, used in avariety of sling and tie down applications. For overhead liftingapplications, only Alloy Chain should be used.Grade 80 Alloy Chain Premium quality, high strength alloy chain, heat treated, used in a varietyof sling and tie down applications. For overhead lifting applications, onlyAlloy Chain should be used.Grade 70 Transport Chain A high quality, high strength carbon steel chain used for loadsecurement. Not to be used in overhead lifting.Grade 43 High Test Chain A carbon steel chain widely used in industry, construction, agriculturaland lumbering operations. Not to be used in overhead lifting.Grade 30 Proof Coil Chain General purpose, carbon steel chain. Used in a wide range ofapplications. Not to be used in overhead lifting.Machine Chain Short pitch straight link or twist link, general utility chain made of carbonsteel. Not to be used in overhead lifting.Coil Chain Long pitch straight link or twist link, general utility chain made of carbonsteel. Not to be used in overhead lifting.Passing Link Chain Short, wide link chain which resists kinking or tangling, made of carbonsteel. Not to be used in overhead lifting.Stainless Steel Chain A corrosion-resistant chain manufactured from stainless steel, used infood processing, chemical, marine, and high temperature environments.3.0DEFINITIONS3.1Working Load Limit (WLL)The "Working Load Limit" (rated capacity) is the maximum load that shall be applied in direct tension toan undamaged straight length of chain.3.2Proof TestThe "Proof Test" (manufacturing test force) is a term designating the minimum tensile force which hasbeen applied to a chain under a constantly increasing force in direct tension during the manufacturingprocess. These loads are manufacturing integrity tests and shall not be used as criteria for service ordesign purposes.3.3Minimum Breaking ForceThe "Minimum Breaking Force" is the minimum force at which the chain during manufacture has beenfound by testing to break when a constantly increasing force is applied in direct tension. Breaking forcevalues are not guarantees that all chain segments will endure these loads (see Section 5.2). This test isa manufacturer's attribute acceptance test and shall not be used as a criterion for service or designpurposes.3.4Overhead LiftingThat process of lifting that would elevate a freely suspended load to such a position that dropping the loadwould present a possibility of bodily injury or property damage.3.5OverloadAny static or dynamic load in excess of "Working Load Limit."4.0 MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING4.1Material – Carbon ChainThe selection of the base steel is left to the judgment of the individual chain manufacturer provided thesteel meets the following criteria: Carbon, 0.35% max.; Phosphorous, 0.040% max.; and Sulfur, 0.050%max.4.2Material – Alloy ChainThe selection and amounts of the alloying elements in the steel are left to the judgment of the individualchain manufacturer provided the steel meets the following criteria: Carbon, 0.35% max.; Phosphorous,0.035% max.; Sulfur, 0.040% max. Nickel must be present in an alloying amount (0.40% min.), and atleast one of the following elements must be present in an alloying amount: Chromium (0.40% min.) orMolybdenum (0.15% min.).4.3Material – Stainless Steel ChainThe material shall be a 300 series austenitic stainless steel.4.4Welding ProcessSteel chain shall be made by electric welding or gas welding process.4.5Manufacturing MethodsThe manufacturer will select suitable manufacturing methods such that the chain complies with therequirements contained within this specification.5.0 TESTING5.1The mechanical properties of the various chain sizes and designations are given in Tables I through XI.5.2Selection of SamplesFor the purpose of acceptance testing of chain, a lot shall consist of 3,000 ft. (1,000 m) or fraction thereofof the same grade and size of chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds 3,000 ft. (1,000 m), it is alsoconsidered a lot.At least one sample from each lot shall be tensile tested. If the original test specimen fails to conform tothe breaking force requirements as prescribed in Tables I through XI for their respective sizes, twoadditional test specimens from the same lot may be tested. If both additional test specimens conform tothe requirements specified, the lot of chain will be considered acceptable.Note:The elongation and breaking force tests may be performed at the same time on the same testspecimen.5.3Tensile tests to determine breaking force and elongation shall be performed in the following manner.5.3.1The breaking force test specimen shall consist of a length of chain from any stage ofmanufacture after hardening and tempering, if applicable, and shall contain at least the numberof links in the following Table.Size of Chain Minimum Number of Links in Test Specimen5.5 mm or smaller9 Greater than 5.5 mm but less than 20.0 mm7 20.0 mm or greater35.3.2Fixtures for securing chain test specimen in testing machine must securely support shoulder oflink.The slot width shall not exceed 1.25 times the stock diameter being tested. Links in the testingfixture shall not be considered part of the test specimen.5.3.3Elongation5.3.3.1All chain which is heat treated must be in the quenched and tempered conditionbefore elongation is measured.5.3.3.2The elongation test specimen shall consist of a length from the lot containing at leastthe number of links in the Table in Section 5.3.1.5.3.3.3 A positive load not exceeding 10% of the proof test shall be applied for determiningthe original gauge length (L O).5.3.3.4The elongation shall be based on the total extension at fracture. This is expressedas a percentage of the change in length (∆L) divided by the original gauge length(L O). The elongation may be determined by the equation below or by autographicrecorder or side scale.Elongation (%) = {∆L / L O}x 100Where∆L = The test specimen final length at fracture - the test specimen original gaugelength (L O).L O = The original gauge length (the sum of the inside lengths of the test chain linksnot counting the fixture links, or as determined in 5.3.3.3).5.3.4Elongation shall not be less than 20% for Grades 80 and 100; 15% for Grades 30, 43, 70, andStainless; and 10% for Machine, Coil, and Passing Link chain.6.0 DIMENSIONS6.1The dimensional requirements of the various chain sizes and designations are given in Tables I throughXI. The inside length dimension can be measured either by individual link or by measuring the span of100 links and dividing by 100.6.2The diameter of the material from which the chain is manufactured shall be the diameter as specified inTables I through XI within the following tolerances: -3% for Grades 80 and 100, -7% for all other chains.Oversized material may be used for all applications.7.0 INSPECTION7.1Preparation for TestingTesting and inspection at a manufacturer's plant shall be performed on chain while free of paint or othercoating which could conceal defects.7.2CertificationA certificate of proof test shall be issued by the chain manufacturer to the purchaser or his representativewhen requested on the sales agreement.8.0 IDENTIFICATION8.1Grade 43, 70, 80, 100 and 5/16" (8.4 mm) and larger Grade 30 chains shall have periodic embossing foridentification purposes. The body links shall not be marked with indented characters.8.1.15/16" (8.7 mm) and 3/8" (10 mm) Grade 43 and 70 chain shall be embossed at intervals nogreater than 1 ft. (0.3 m). All other Grade 30, 43, 70, 80, and 100 chains shall be embossed atintervals no greater than 3 ft. (0.9 m).8.1.25/16" (8.4 mm) and larger Grade 30 chain shall be embossed at least with 3, 30 or 300.8.1.3Grade 43 chain shall be embossed at least with 4, 43, or 430.8.1.4Grade 70 chain shall be embossed at least with 7, 70 or 700.8.1.5Grade 80 chain shall be embossed at least with 8, 80, or 800.8.1.6Grade 100 chain shall be embossed at least with 10, 100, or 1000.8.2Machine, Coil, Passing Link, Stainless, and 1/4" (7mm) and smaller Grade 30 chains may be embossedat the option of the manufacturer.9.0 FINISH9.1If required, Stainless chain shall be polished by a suitable mechanical, chemical, or electro-chemicalmethod. Mechanical polishing shall be done on equipment and with a process that does not allow non-stainless steel particles to be imbedded on the surface of the chain.9.2The manufacturer may apply a surface treatment or coating of his or customer's choice for identificationor corrosion resistance unless the customer specifies otherwise.10.0 WARNINGThe use of chain is subject to certain hazards that cannot be met by mechanical means, but only by the exercise of intelligence, care and common sense. Serious hazards are: Overloading, dropping or slipping of the load caused by improper rigging, obstruction to free passage of the load, bending, twisting and the use of damaged chain. Any such abuse or misuse may cause injury or property damage for which the manufacturer accepts no liability.All chains should be periodically inspected for wear, elongation, nicks, gouges, cracks, and suitability for the application. Excessive high or low temperatures or exposure to chemically active environments such as acids or corrosive liquids or fumes can reduce the performance of the chain.Chains should not be used outside of the -40 °F to 400 °F (-40 °C to 204 °C) temperature range without consulting the chain manufacturer. The specific working load limit reductions for Grade 80 and Grade 100 chains used at and after exposure to elevated temperatures have been established and are shown in Table XII. The specific working load limit reductions for Stainless chains used at elevated temperatures have been established and are shown in Table XIII.Removal criteria for wear and damage have also been established for the chains covered under specification, and are listed in Table XIV. All chain should be removed from service if the material thickness at any location on the link is less than the listed minimum value.Under no conditions, permit loads to be transported or suspended over people.Manufacturers do not accept any liability for injury or damage which may result from dynamic or static loads in excess of the working load limit or used in a manner contrary to the manufacturer's instructions or recommendations. When mixing grades of chain or components, all chain assemblies shall be rated at the working load limit of the lowest rated chain or component.Only Grade 80 or 100 chains should be used for overhead lifting applications unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer.NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAIN MANUFACTURERS Welded Steel Chain SpecificationsTABLE IGrade 30 Proof Coil Chain(Not to be used in overhead lifting applications)Nominal Chain Size MaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit (Max.)Proof Test**(Min.)MinimumBreakingForce**Inside Length(Max.)Inside Width(Min.)in mm in mm lbs kg lbs kN lbs kN in mm in mm 1/8 4.00.156 4.0400180800 3.61,6007.20.9423.90.25 6.4 3/16 5.50.217 5.58003651,6007.23,20014.40.9824.80.307.7 1/47.00.2767.01,3005802,60011.65,20023.2 1.2431.50.389.8 5/168.00.3318.41,9008603,80016.97,60033.8 1.2932.80.4411.2 3/810.00.39410.02,6501,2005,30023.610,60047.2 1.3835.00.5514.0 7/1611.90.48811.93,7001,6807,40032.914,80065.8 1.6441.60.6516.6 1/213.00.51213.04,5002,0309,00040.018,00080.0 1.7945.50.7218.2 5/816.00.63016.06,9003,13013,80061.327,600122.6 2.2056.00.7920.0 3/420.00.78720.010,6004,80021,20094.342,400188.6 2.7670.00.9825.0 7/822.00.86622.012,8005,81025,600114.151,200228.2 3.0377.0 1.0827.5 126.0 1.02026.017,9008,14035,800159.171,600318.2 3.5890.9 1.2531.7 **The Proof Test and Minimum Breaking Force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes. See Section 3.0.NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAIN MANUFACTURERSWelded Steel Chain SpecificationsTABLE IIGrade 43 High Test Chain(Not to be used in overhead lifting applications)Nominal Chain Size MaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit (Max.)Proof Test**(Min.)MinimumBreakingForce**Inside Length(Max.)Inside Width(Min.)in mm in mm lbs kg lbs kN lbs kN in mm in mm 1/47.00.2767.02,6001,1803,90017.37,80034.6 1.2431.50.389.8 5/168.70.3438.73,9001,7705,85026.011,70052.0 1.2932.80.4411.2 3/810.00.40610.35,4002,4508,10036.016,20072.0 1.3835.00.5514.0 7/1611.90.46811.97,2003,27010,80048.021,60096.0 1.6441.60.6516.6 1/213.00.53113.59,2004,17013,80061.327,600122.6 1.7945.50.7218.2 5/816.00.63016.013,0005,91019,50086.539,000173.0 2.2056.00.7920.0 3/420.00.78720.020,2009,18030,300134.760,600269.4 2.7670.00.9825.0 7/822.00.86622.024,50011,14036,750163.373,500326.6 3.0377.0 1.0827.5 **The Proof Test and Minimum Breaking Force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes. See Section 3.0.NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAIN MANUFACTURERSWelded Steel Chain SpecificationsTABLE IIIGrade 70 Transport Chain(Not to be used in overhead lifting applications)Nominal Chain Size MaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit (Max.)Proof Test**(Min.)MinimumBreaking Force**Inside Length(Max.)Inside Width(Min.)in mm in mm lbs kg lbs kN lbs kN in mm in mm 1/47.00.2817.03,1501,4306,30028.012,60056.0 1.2431.50.389.8 5/168.70.3438.74,7002,1309,40041.818,80083.6 1.2932.80.4411.2 3/810.00.40610.36,6002,99013,20058.726,400117.4 1.3835.00.5514.0 7/1611.90.46811.98,7503,97017,50077.835,000155.4 1.6441.60.6516.6 1/213.00.53113.511,3005,13022,600100.445,200200.8 1.7945.50.7218.2 5/816.00.63016.015,8007,17031,600140.463,200280.8 2.2056.00.7920.0 3/420.00.78720.024,70011,20049,400219.698,800439.2 2.7670.00.9825.0 **The Proof Test and Minimum Breaking Force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes. See Section 3.0.NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAIN MANUFACTURERSWelded Steel Chain SpecificationsTABLE IVGrade 80 Alloy Chain(For overhead lifting applications, only alloy chain should be used)Nominal Chain Size MaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit (Max.)Proof Test**(Min.)MinimumBreaking Force**Inside Length(Max.)Inside Width Rangein mm in mm lbs kg lbs kN lbs kN in mm in mm7/32 5.50.217 5.52,1009704,20019.08,40038.00.6917.60.281 -0.3257.14 -8.25 9/327.00.2767.03,5001,5707,00030.814,00061.60.9022.90.375 -0.4309.53 -10.92 5/168.00.3158.04,5002,0009,00040.318,00080.6 1.0426.40.430 -0.50010.92 -12.70 3/810.00.39410.07,1003,20014,20063.028,400126.0 1.2632.00.512 -0.60013.00 -15.20 1/213.00.51213.012,0005,40024,000107.048,000214.0 1.6441.60.688 -0.76817.48 -19.50 5/816.00.63016.018,1008,20036,200161.072,400322.0 2.0251.20.812 -0.94520.63 -24.00 3/420.00.78720.028,30012,80056,600252.0113,200504.0 2.5264.00.984 - 1.18025.00 -30.00 7/822.00.86622.034,20015,50068,400305.0136,800610.0 2.7770.4 1.080 - 1.30027.50 -33.00 126.0 1.02026.047,70021,60095,400425.0190,800850.0 3.2883.2 1.280 - 1.54032.50 -39.00 1-1/432.0 1.26032.072,30032,800144,600644.0289,2001,288.0 4.03102.4 1.580 - 1.89040.00 -48.00 **The Proof Test and Minimum Breaking Force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes. See Section 3.0.NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAIN MANUFACTURERSWelded Steel Chain SpecificationsTABLE VGrade 100 Alloy Chain(For overhead lifting applications, only alloy chain should be used)Nominal Chain Size MaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit (Max.)Proof Test**(Min.)MinimumBreaking Force**Inside Length(Max.)Inside Width Rangein mm in mm lbs kg lbs kN lbs kN in mm in mm7/32 5.50.217 5.52,7001,2205,40023.810,80047.60.6917.60.281 -0.3257.14 -8.25 9/327.00.2767.04,3001,9508,60038.517,20077.00.9022.90.375 -0.4309.53 -10.92 5/168.00.3158.05,7002,60011,40051.022,800102.0 1.0426.40.430 -0.50010.92 -12.70 3/810.00.39410.08,8004,00017,60079.035,200158.0 1.2632.00.512 -0.60013.00 -15.20 1/213.00.51213.015,0006,80030,000134.060,000268.0 1.6441.60.688 -0.76817.48 -19.50 5/816.00.63016.022,60010,30045,200201.090,400402.0 2.0251.20.812 -0.94520.63 -24.00 3/420.00.78720.035,30016,00070,600315.0141,200630.0 2.5264.00.984 - 1.18025.00 -30.00 7/822.00.86622.042,70019,40085,400381.0170,800762.0 2.7770.4 1.080 - 1.30027.50 -33.00 126.0 1.02026.059,70027,100119,400531.0238,8001,062.0 3.2883.2 1.280 - 1.54032.50 -39.00 1-1/432.0 1.26032.090,40041,000180,800805.0361,6001,610.0 4.03102.4 1.580 - 1.89040.00 -48.00 **The Proof Test and Minimum Breaking Force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes. See Section 3.0.NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAIN MANUFACTURERS Welded Steel Chain SpecificationsTABLE VIMachine Chain – Twist Link(Not to be used in overhead lifting applications)Trade Size MaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit (Max.)MinimumBreakingForce**NominalInside Length*NominalInside Width*mm in mm lbs kg lbs kN in mm in mm4 3.00.120 3.020593820 3.640.5213.10.17 4.33 3.40.135 3.42551161,020 4.530.5614.20.20 5.12 3.80.148 3.83101411,240 5.510.5814.70.21 5.31 4.10.162 4.13701681,480 6.580.5915.00.24 6.11/0 4.50.177 4.54402001,7607.820.6817.20.26 6.62/0 4.90.192 4.95202362,0809.240.7318.50.287.13/0 5.30.207 5.36052742,42010.760.8020.30.317.94/0 5.50.218 5.56703042,68011.910.8922.50.328.15/0 6.40.250 6.48804003,52015.64 1.0025.30.379.4 *Actual inside lengths and widths not to vary more than ±5% from nominal dimensions.**The Minimum Breaking Force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes. See Section 3.0.NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAIN MANUFACTURERSWelded Steel Chain SpecificationsTABLE VIIMachine Chain – Straight Link(Not to be used in overhead lifting applications)Trade Size MaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit (Max.)Proof Test**(Min.)MinimumBreakingForce**NominalInside Length*NominalInside Width*mm in mm lbs kg lbs kN lbs kN in mm in mm4 3.00.120 3.021598430 1.91860 3.820.5514.00.21 5.33 3.40.135 3.4270122540 2.401,080 4.800.5915.00.24 6.12 3.80.148 3.8325147650 2.891,300 5.780.6115.50.26 6.61 4.10.162 4.1390177780 3.471,560 6.930.6316.00.287.11/0 4.50.177 4.5465211930 4.141,8608.270.7418.80.317.9 2/0 4.90.192 4.95452471,090 4.852,1809.690.7819.80.348.6 3/0 5.30.207 5.36352881,270 5.652,54011.290.8521.60.369.1 4/0 5.50.218 5.57003181,400 6.232,80012.440.9925.10.389.6 5/0 6.40.250 6.49254201,8508.233,70016.44 1.0727.20.4411.2 *Actual inside lengths and widths not to vary more than ±5% from nominal dimensions.**The Proof Test and Minimum Breaking Force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes. See Section 3.0.NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAIN MANUFACTURERSWelded Steel Chain SpecificationsTABLE VIIICoil Chain – Twist Link(Not to be used in overhead lifting applications)Trade Size MaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit (Max.)MinimumBreakingForce**Nominal InsideLength*Nominal InsideWidth*mm in mm lbs kg lbs kN in mm in mm4 3.00.120 3.019588780 3.47 1.0927.60.18 4.563 3.40.135 3.4240109970 4.31 1.1428.90.21 5.322 3.80.148 3.82951341,180 5.25 1.1529.10.22 5.581 4.10.162 4.13501591,405 6.24 1.2230.90.25 6.341/0 4.50.177 4.54151881,6707.43 1.2230.90.27 6.852/0 4.90.192 4.94952251,9758.78 1.2431.40.297.363/0 5.30.207 5.35752612,30010.23 1.2631.90.328.124/0 5.50.218 5.56352882,54511.32 1.3434.00.338.325/0 6.40.250 6.48353793,34514.86 1.4737.30.389.65 *Actual inside lengths and widths not to vary more than ±5% from nominal dimensions.**The Minimum Breaking Force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes. See Section 3.0.NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAIN MANUFACTURERS Welded Steel Chain SpecificationsTABLE IXCoil Chain – Straight Link(Not to be used in overhead lifting applications)Trade Size MaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit (Max.)Proof Test**(Min.)MinimumBreakingForce**Nominal InsideLength*Nominal InsideWidth*mm in mm lbs kg lbs kN lbs kN in mm in mm4 3.00.120 3.020593410 1.82820 3.64 1.1128.10.21 5.323 3.40.135 3.4255116510 2.271,020 4.53 1.1729.60.24 6.092 3.80.148 3.8310141620 2.761,240 5.51 1.1829.90.26 6.591 4.10.162 4.1370168740 3.291,480 6.58 1.2531.70.287.101/0 4.50.177 4.5440200880 3.911,7607.82 1.2531.70.317.86 2/0 4.90.192 4.95202361,040 4.632,0809.24 1.2631.90.348.62 3/0 5.30.207 5.36052741,210 5.382,42010.76 1.3032.90.369.13 4/0 5.50.218 5.56703041,340 5.962,68011.91 1.3935.20.389.64 5/0 6.40.250 6.48803991,7607.833,52015.64 1.5238.50.4411.20 *Actual inside lengths and widths not to vary more than ±5% from nominal dimensions.**The Proof Test and Minimum Breaking Force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes. See Section 3.0.NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAIN MANUFACTURERSWelded Steel Chain SpecificationsTABLE XPassing Link Chain(Not to be used in overhead lifting applications)Trade Size MaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit (Max.)Proof Test**(Min.)Minimum BreakingForce**Nominal InsideLength*Nominal InsideWidth*mm in mm lbs kg lbs kN lbs kN in mm in mm 2/0 4.90.192 4.9450204900 4.001,8008.010.87522.20.4711.9 4/0 5.50.218 5.56002721,200 5.342,40010.680.87522.20.5012.7 *Actual inside lengths and widths not to vary more than ±5% from nominal dimensions.** The Proof Test and Minimum Breaking Force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes. See Section 3.0.NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAIN MANUFACTURERSWelded Steel Chain SpecificationsTABLE XIStainless Steel ChainTrade Size MaterialDiameterWorking LoadLimit (Max.)Proof Test **(Min.)Minimum BreakingForce **Inside Length(Max.)Inside Width(Min.)in mm in mm lbs kg lbs kN lbs kN in mm in mm 5/3240.156 4.05002301,000 4.52,0009.00.9423.90.25 6.4 3/1650.197 5.09304201,8608.33,72016.60.9824.80.307.7 7/32 5.50.218 5.51,2005402,40010.74,80021.40.9824.80.25 6.4 1/4 6.50.250 6.51,5707103,14014.06,28028.0 1.2431.50.307.7 9/3270.2767.02,0009104,00017.88,00035.6 1.2431.50.348.6 5/1680.3158.02,4001,0904,80021.49,60042.8 1.2932.80.389.8 3/8100.39410.03,5501,6107,10031.614,20063.2 1.3835.00.5514.0 7/16120.47212.05,4002,45010,80048.121,60096.2 1.6441.60.6516.6 1/2130.51213.06,5002,95013,00058.026,000116.0 1.7945.50.6215.8 5/8160.63016.09,8004,45019,60087.039,200174.0 2.2056.00.7920.0 3/4200.75020.015,0006,82030,000134.060,000268.0 2.8572.40.9855.0 126 1.00026.023,25010,57046,500207.093,000414.0 3.5890.0 1.2531.7 ** The Proof Test and Minimum Breaking Force loads shall not be used as criteria for service or design purposes. See Section 3.0.TABLE XIIEffect ofElevated Temperature on theWorking Load Limitof Alloy ChainGrade of ChainTemperatureGrade 80Grade 100(°F)(°C)Reduction ofWorkingLoad LimitWHILE ATTemperatureReduction ofWorking LoadLimit AFTEREXPOSURE toTemperatureReduction ofWorkingLoad LimitWHILE ATTemperatureReduction ofWorking LoadLimit AFTEREXPOSURE toTemperatureBelow 400Below204None None None None40020410%None15%None 50026015%None25%5% 60031620%5%30%15% 70037130%10%40%20% 80042740%15%50%25% 90048250%20%60%30% 100053860%25%70%35%Over 1000Over538OSHA 1910.184 requires all slings exposed totemperatures over 1000 °F to be removed from serviceTable XIIIEffect ofElevated Temperature on theWorking Load Limitof Stainless ChainTemperature(°F)(°C)Reduction ofWorking Load LimitWHILE ATTemperatureReduction ofWorking Load LimitAFTER EXPOSUREto Temperature Below 400Below 204None None400-800204-42610%None 801-1000427-53720%None 1001-1200538-64930%None 1201-1300650-70440%None 1301-1400705-76050%None 1401-1500761-81560%None 1501-1600816-87175%None Over 1601Over 872Refer to ManufacturerNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHAIN MANUFACTURERS Welded Steel Chain SpecificationsTABLE XIVMinimum Allowable Thickness Measurement At Any Location on the ChainTrade Size Nominal MaterialDiameterMinimumAllowableThickness onLinkin mm Chain TypeOr Gradein mm in mm4 3.0Machine, Coil.120 3.0.104 2.64 3 3.4Machine, Coil.135 3.4.117 2.97 2 3.8Machine, Coil.148 3.8.128 3.25 1 4.1Machine, Coil.162 4.1.140 3.56 1/0 4.5Machine, Coil.177 4.5.153 3.892/0 4.9Machine, Coil,Passing Link.192 4.9.166 4.223/0 5.3Machine, Coil.207 5.3.179 4.554/0 5.5Machine, Coil,Passing Link.218 5.5.189 4.805/0 6.4Machine, Coil.250 6.4.217 5.501/8 5/324.0Grade 30Stainless.156 4.0.135 3.433/16 5.0Stainless.197 5.0.171 4.333/16 7/325.5Grade 30, 80, 100Stainless.217 5.5.189 4.801/4 6.5Stainless.250 6.5.217 5.501/4 9/327.0Grade 30, 43, 70, 80,100, Stainless.276G43: .2817.0.239 6.075/168.4Grade 30.3318.4.2867.28 5/168.7Grade 43, 70.3438.7.2977.545/168.0Grade 80, 100Stainless.312.3158.0.273 6.933/810.0Grade 30, 80, 100,Stainless.39410.0.3428.693/810.3Grade 43, 70.40610.3.3518.937/1611.912.0Grade 30, 43, 70Stainless.468.47211.9.40510.301/213.0Grade 30, 80, 100Stainless.51213.0.44311.261/213.5Grade 43, 70.53113.5.46011.685/816.0Grade 30, 43, 70, 80,100, Stainless.63016.0.54613.873/420.0Grade 30, 43, 70, 80,100.78720.0.68717.453/420.0Stainless.75019.0.65016.50 7/822.0Grade 30, 43, 80, 100.86622.0.75019.05126.0Grade 30, 80, 100Stainless1.021.0026.0.88722.531-1/432.0Grade 80, 100 1.2632.0 1.09127.71 Warning: Remove chain from service if the thickness is less than the minimum shown in Table XIV at any location on the link.。

设备英语词汇DIN 德国标准ASTM美国标准GB中国标准BS英国标准CSA加拿大标准EN欧洲标准JIS日本标准NF法国标准以上是很常见的标准，所以在标准件前面加这些缩写，以后可别犯晕啊，也欢迎大家把自己经常用的标准也共享下。

接写来谈正题了。

管子如果是按标准规格制造的，那应用pipe,可如果是不按标准的称为tube.钢管（steel pipe)类别它分为合金钢管（alloy steel pipe)奥氏体不锈钢管(austenitic stainless steel pipe)铁合金钢管(ferritic alloy steel pipe)轧制钢管(wrought-steel pipe)无缝钢管(seamless (SMLS) steel pipe)焊接钢管(welded steel pipe)电阻焊钢管(electric-resistance welded steel pipe)螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe谈完了钢管的总类，再看看钢管中常用的英语吧。

钢弯头 Carbon Steel Elbow不锈钢弯头 Stainless Steel Elbow高压弯头 High-Pressure Elbow90°短半径弯头90°SS Elbow (SR)90°长半径弯头90°SS Elbow (LR)高压厚壁弯头 Thickness ElbowTee Equal 相等的三通请记 Tee 在钢管英语中指 T 形[管, 条] 三通管，直角枝管，可会经常用到的哦比如说接下来的等径三通 Straight T ee异径三通 Reducing Tee不锈钢等径三通 Stainless Straight Tee碳钢等径三通 Carbon Straight Tee高压三通 High-pressure Tee锻制三通 Forged Tee说到这，你肯定会问：那四通怎么说？呵呵，别急，请看等径四通 Straight Cross不锈钢等径四通 Stainless Straight Cross最后我们来说说标准钢管代号及中英文标准代号：standard code标准名称：standard name1)ASME SA-234 中、高温用钢制碳钢和合金钢管道配件Medium and high temperature used carbon and alloy steelpipe fittings2)ASME SA-420 低温用锻制碳钢和合金钢管配件Low temperature forged carbon and alloy steel pipe fittings3)ASME SA-403 锻制奥氏体不锈钢管配件Forged Durimet pipe fittings4)ASME B16.9 工厂制造的钢制对焊管件Factory-Made wrought steel pipe fittings5)ASME B16.11 承插焊和螺纹锻钢管件Socket-welding and Threaded forged fittings6)ASME B16.28 锻钢对焊小半径弯头和回弯头Wrought steel butt-welding short radius elbows and returns7)ISO 5251 不锈钢对焊管件Stainless steel butt-welding fittings8)MSS SP-43 锻制不锈钢对焊管件Wrought stainless steel butt-welding fittings9)MSS SP-75 锻钢制对焊管件Forging butt-welding fittings10)MSS SP-79 承插焊异径插入件Socket-welding reducing Inserts11)MSS SP-83 3000磅级的钢制承插焊和螺纹活接头Class 3000 steel socket-welding and threaded unions12) MSS SP-95 缩渐管和圆堵头Swaged nipples and round plugs13) MSS SP-97 承插焊、螺纹和对焊端的整体加强式管座SW 、TH and BW ends for integrally reinforced forged branch outlet14) JIS B2311 通用钢制对焊管件Universal steel butt-welding pipe fittings15) JIS B2312 钢制对焊管件Steel butt-welding pipe fittings16) JIS B2313 钢板制对焊管件Steel plate butt-welding pipe fittings17) JIS B2316 钢制承插焊管件Steel socket-welding pipe fittings18) DIN 2605 钢制对焊管件弯头和弯管Steel butt-welding pipe fittings.elbows and bends19) DIN 2615 钢制对焊管件三通Steel butt-welding pipe fittings.tees20) DIN 2616 钢制对焊管件异径管Steel butt-welding pipe fittings.reducers21) DIN 2617 钢制对焊管件管帽Steel butt-welding pipe fittings.caps22) GB/T 12459 钢制对焊无缝管件Steel butt-welding seamless fittings23) GB/T 13401 钢板制对焊管件Steel plate butt-welding pipe fittings24) GB/T 14383 锻钢制承插焊管件Forged steel socket-welding pipe fittings25) GB/T 14626 锻钢制螺纹管件Forged steel threaded pipe fittings26) SH 3065 石油化工管式炉急弯弯管技术标准Specification for tube fumace sharp bend for petrochemical industry27) SH 3406 石油化工钢制管法兰Steel pipe flanges for petrochemical industry28) SH 3408 钢制对焊无缝管件Steel butt-welding seamless fittings29) SH 3409 钢板制对焊管件Steel plate butt-welding pipe fittings30) SH 3410 锻钢承插焊管件Forged steel socket-welding fittings31) HGJ10 (HG/T21634) 锻钢承插焊管件Forged steel socket-welding fittings32) HGJ514 (HG/T21635) 碳钢、低合金钢无缝管件Carbon steel、low-alloy steel butt-welding seamless fittings 33) HGJ528 (HG/T21631) 钢制有缝对焊管件Steel plate butt-welding fittings34) GD87-1011 火力发电厂汽水管道零件及部件典型设计手册Typical design manual of pipe parts for steam power plant 35) DL/T515 电站弯管Bends for power plant36)DL/T695 电站钢制对焊管件Steel butt-welding fittings for power plant37)SY/T0510 钢制对焊管件Steel butt-welding pipe fittings38)SY5257 钢制弯管Steel bends39)ISO3419 非合金和合金钢对焊管件Non-alloy steel and alloy steel butt-welding fittings40)Q/320281AQD01-2000 钢制对焊高压带直段弯头Steel butt-welding elbow with a straight pipe section Assembly line组装线Layout布置图Conveyer流水线物料板Rivet table拉钉机Rivet gun拉钉枪Screw driver起子Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA开箱检查fit together组装在一起fasten锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet栈板barcode条码barcode scanner条码扫描器fuse together熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME制造工程师MT制造生技cosmetic inspect外观检查inner parts inspect内部检查thumb screw大头螺丝lbs. inch镑、英寸EMI gasket导电条front plate前板rear plate后板chassis 基座bezel panel面板power button电源按键reset button重置键Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts塑胶件SOP制造作业程序material check list物料检查表work cell工作间trolley台车carton纸箱sub-line支线left fork叉车personnel resource department人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |'plein?|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床driller??床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |'skr?pid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |' ksi'dei?n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓name of a department部门名称administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单screwdriver holder起子插座pedal踩踏板stopper阻挡器flow board流水板hydraulic handjack油压板车forklift叉车pallet栈板glove(s)手套glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套thumb大拇指forefinger食指midfinger中指ring finger无名指little finger小指band-aid创可贴iudustrial alcohol工业酒精alcohol container沾湿台head of screwdriver起子头sweeper扫把mop拖把vaccum cleaner吸尘器rag 抹布garbage container灰箕garbage can垃圾箱garbage bag垃圾袋chain链条jack升降机production line流水线chain链条槽magnetizer加磁器lamp holder灯架to mop the floor拖地to clean the floor扫地to clean a table擦桌子air pipe 气管packaging tool打包机packaging打包missing part漏件wrong part错件excessive defects过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷not up to standard不合规格dimension/size is a little bigger尺寸偏大(小) cosmetic defect外观不良slipped screwhead/slippery screw head螺丝滑头slipped screwhead/shippery screw thread滑手speckle斑点mildewed=moldy=mouldy发霉rust生锈deformation变形burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边poor staking铆合不良excesssive gap间隙过大grease/oil stains油污inclusion杂质painting peel off脏污shrinking/shrinkage缩水mixed color杂色scratch划伤poor processing 制程不良poor incoming part事件不良fold of pakaging belt打包带折皱painting make-up补漆discoloration羿色water spots水渍polishing/surface processing表面处理exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露lack of painting烤漆不到位safety安全quality品质delivery deadline交货期cost成本engineering工程die repair模修enterprise plan = enterprise expansion projects企划qc品管die worker模工production, to produce生产equipment设备to start a press开机stop/switch off a press关机classification整理regulation整顿cleanness清扫conservation清洁qualified products, up-to-grade products良品defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品waste废料board看板feeder送料机sliding rack滑料架defective product box不良品箱die change 换模to fix a die装模to take apart a die拆模to repair a die修模packing material包材basket蝴蝶竺plastic basket胶筐isolating plate baffle plate; barricade隔板carton box纸箱to pull and stretch拉深to put material in place, to cut material, to input落料to impose lines压线to compress, compressing压缩character die字模to feed, feeding送料transportation运输(be)qualfied, up to grade合格not up to grade, not qualified不合格material change, stock change材料变更feature change 特性变更evaluation评估prepare for, make preparations for 准备parameters参数rotating speed, revolution转速manufacture management制造管理abnormal handling异常处理production unit生产单位lots of production生产批量steel plate钢板roll material卷料manufacture procedure制程operation procedure作业流程to revise, modify修订to switch over to, switch---to throw--over switching over切换engineering, project difficulty工程瓶颈stage die工程模automation自动化to stake, staking, reviting铆合add lubricating oil加润滑油shut die架模shut height of a die架模高度analog-mode device类模器die lifter举模器argon welding氩焊vocabulary for stamping冲压常词汇stamping, press冲压punch press, dieing out press冲床uncoiler & strainghtener整平机feeder送料机rack, shelf, stack料架cylinder油缸robot机械手taker取料机conveyer belt输送带transmission rack输送架top stop上死点bottom stop下死点one stroke一行程inch寸动to continue, cont.连动to grip(material)吸料location lump, locating piece, block stop 定位块reset复位smoothly顺利dent压痕scratch刮伤deformation变形filings铁削to draw holes抽孔inquiry, search for查寻to stock, storage, in stock库存receive领取approval examine and verify审核processing, to process加工delivery, to deliver 交货to return delivenry to.to send delinery backto retrn of goods退货registration登记registration card登记卡to control管制to put forward and hand in提报safe stock安全库存acceptance = receive验收to notice通知application form for purchase请购单consume, consumption消耗to fill in填写abrasion磨损reverse angle = chamfer倒角character die字模to collect, to gather收集failure, trouble故障statistics统计demand and supply需求career card履历卡to take apart a die卸下模具to load a die装上模具to tight a bolt拧紧螺栓to looser a bolt拧松螺栓to move away a die plate移走模板easily damaged parts易损件standard parts标准件breaking.(be)broken,(be)cracked 断裂to lubricate润滑1 范围本标准界定了工业射线照相检测的术语。

钢材产品中英文对照钢材产品中英文对照一、钢管ERW steel pipe直缝电阻焊管SMLS(Seamless) 无缝管管steel pipe镀锌钢管SSAW steel pipe螺旋埋弧焊管LSAW steel pipe直缝埋弧焊管Stainless steel pipe不锈钢管Alloy steel pipe合金钢管Line pipe管线管Tubing油管Casing pipe套管Dring pipe钻管Structural Pipe结构管Piling pipe桩管Hollow Section:空心型材Square steel pipe:方管Rectangular steel pipe:矩形管RHS:Round Hollow SectionSHS:Square Hollow SectionRHS:Rectangular Hollow Section二、型材H beam H型钢I beam工字钢Channel steel槽型钢Angle steel角钢三、板材Hot rolled steel sheet /coil 热轧钢板/卷Cold rolled steel sheet/coil 冷轧钢板/卷Galvanized steel sheet/coil 镀锌钢板/卷PPGI steel sheet/coil 彩涂钢板/卷Stainless steel sheet/coil 不锈钢板/卷四、线材Wire rod 盘条Deformed steel bar 螺纹钢五、其他Billet 钢坯、方坯Flat bars 扁钢Fitting 管件Elbow 弯头Flange 法兰英文全称英文缩写及符号中文about abt大约acceptance接受actual weight A/W实际重量address ADD地址ad valorem A/V加价，附加的价格A glass一级AA glass二级al-costa镀铝板alloy aly合金all-round（price）a/r；ar共计aluminum-galvanized 镀铝锌板amount amt金额，数量angle角钢annealed anl退火anodize andz阳极腐蚀anti-finger耐指纹approved apvd批准appendix app附录application用途approximately approx大约，近似的audit审核authorizedrepresentative授权代表average avg平均值back背面baking烘烤baoshan iron&steelco.，ltd.宝山钢铁股份有限公司base metal基板batch number Batch No炉号/批号bearing steel轴承钢bend test 弯屈试验bill of exchange汇票bill of lading B/L提单billet钢坯black黑皮blank此行空白blast furnace BF高炉both两面bottom bot底book订货bound bar B/Bar 圆钢brand br商标、品质、规格brazil Braz巴西bright finish光亮brightness光泽bundle Bbl捆、扎、盘、卷buyer订货单位buyer买方calibrate CAL使用标准carbon C碳carbon steel CS普碳钢carriage cge运费case number C/S No箱号cash on delivery货到付款、现金提货cast number Cast No炉号catalogue cat目录、商品目录Centigrade C摄氏(温度计)certificate number CertificaNo证明书号certificate of 品质证明书qualitycertificate ofquantity数量证明书certificate oforigin.产地证channel U钢checking检查chemical composition 化学成分chemical conversioncoating化学转化层chemical treatment化学处理cheque cheq；chq支票chromated C铬酸盐处理claims索赔class cl等级clause条款classification分类cleaning清洗coal煤coat涂层coat bending涂层弯曲coat thickness涂层厚度coating type 涂层结构coating mass 镀层量coating number Coating No 镀层号coating property涂镀性能code number Code No代号coil卷coil number Coil No卷号coiling卷取coke焦碳coke over焦炉cold-galvanized CGI冷轧热镀锌cold-rolled CR冷轧cold-rolled steelcoil CRC冷轧卷cold-rolled steelfull-hard轧硬cold-rolled steelsheets CR冷轧板cold-rolling mill冷轧薄板厂color-coated steel彩色涂层板color-steel CS彩涂板colour颜色commercial CQ 商业品质量commodiey品名commission com；comm；commn佣金、手续费confirm确认consignee收货单位construction CONSTR结构contained contd包括container shipment集装箱运输contents目录continuous annealing连退continuous steelcasting连铸contract Cont合同contract product合同产品contract terms andconditions合同条件及条款contract number Cont No合同号converter转炉corporate profile简介counter sample对应样品，对等样品country公司customer订货单位/客户名称/用户customer ordernumbercustomerorder No客户订单编号customer’s numbercustomer’sNo代号date of delivery交货日期date ofeffectiveness生效日期date of issue签发日期deferred payment延期付款definitions定义deformed bar D-bar螺纹钢deliver department发货单位deliveror发货人delivery date发货日期delivery order D/O；.提货单、货物出货凭单description重量description说明destination到站depth dpth深度diameter Dia直径dimension Dim尺寸directly reducediron DRI直接还原铁ditto（=the same）do；dto相同、同一documents单据/文件documentation技术资料documents required 文件要求dull finish麻面electric arc furnace EAF电弧炉electric tin-plate ETP镀锡板/电镀马口铁electric-zinc EGI电镀锌electro-galvanized电镀锌elongation 延伸率enclosure（s）enc；encl同函、附函、附件equipment设备erichsen杯突expenses exs费用export destination出口目的港Fahrenheit Fahr华氏温度计ferroalloys铁合金figures figs数字final destination最终目的地finished coating精涂层flat steel板材force majeure不可抗力galfan热镀锌铝合金（5%铝）galvalume热镀铝锌合金（55%铝）galvanized GI热镀锌galvanneal GA合金化热镀锌（锌铁合金）government documents政府文件grade Gd等级/牌号grade of steel Gd ofs钢号grind抛光gross weight Gr(G·W)毛重gross ton.总吨数hardness HRB洛氏硬度H-Beam H钢heat analysis熔炼分析heat number Heat No熔炼炉号high speed steel高速钢hop-dip zinc热镀锌hop-dip alu-zinc热镀铝锌hot dip galvanized HGI热轧热镀锌hot strip mill热轧机hot-rolled HR热轧hot-rolled pickled &oiled HRPO热轧酸洗hot-rolled steel bar棒材hot-rolled steelcoil HRC热轧卷hot-rolled steelplate热轧中厚板hot-rolled steel rodcoils盘条hot-rolled steelsheet 热轧板I-Beam I钢in bulk散装in cases（boxes）装箱inch（es）in英寸incoterms贸易术语indent订单ingot/bloom钢锭inner diameter内径inquiry询价looper活套inspection检验inspection 质量证明书certificateinspector检查人insurance policy保险单invoice发票、清单、货单iron ore铁矿石item number Item No项次号kilogram Kg（kgs）千克kilometre kilom千米length L长度letter of credit L/C信用证license number License No许可证号long products长材longitudinal L纵向lot number Lot No批号machining加工manufacturer制造厂manufacturingtechnology制造技术manufacturingtechmiques制造工艺marks mks标记/唛头mass重量maximum Max最大mechanical property力学性能merchandise mdse物品、商品、货物metallic coating镀层meter M米metric ton Mt（M/t）公吨middle plate中厚板mill’s number合同号mill-edge不切边/毛边minimum Min最小miscellaneous其它more or less clause溢短装条款moleten steel钢水molten iron铁水net weight Net(N·W)净重none spangle无锌花normal spangle正常锌花nominal dimensions公称尺寸notes注释notice of shipment发货通知书notices通知offer报盘oiled O涂油order订货、订单、订购order date订货日期order number Order No订单号original sample原样ounce oz盎司outside dlameter.外径oxygen converter转炉package number Pack No捆包号packing 包装packing list P/L装箱单page；per p；pr页pallet托盘payment付款要求pencil hardness铅笔硬度percentage%百分比phosphated P 磷酸盐处理pickled酸洗piece（pieces）Pc（Pcs）支、根、块、件pig iron生铁plate块（板）pocuments required到港口岸port of shipment装运港/地port of unloading卸货港/地pound（pounds）Ib（Ibs）磅prepainted steelsheets彩涂板price价格price terms价格条款primer初涂层precise精度process工艺processing property加工性能product产品名称product qualitycertificate产品质量证明书projects项目purchaser购货单位purchase number purchase No购单号quality Qlty品质、牌号quality assurance质量保证quantity Q数量quotation quotn价目表、定价表、报价quay qy码头reel卷、筒reel number Reel No卷号refininy furnace精炼炉reheartuy furnace加热炉remarks备注resin树脂reverse Impoct 反向冲击roll Rl卷、筒sample（s）样品scrap steel废钢seal盖章section steel型钢seller卖方sendzimiv mill冷轧机service centre剪切中心set套、组shape外形sheet平板、张sheets张数shipment装运shipping advise装船通知shipping mark S·M发货标记sight payment即期付款signature Sig签字silicon steel、electric steel电工钢/硅钢片/矽钢片sintering烧结size 尺寸、规格slit-edge切边special steel特钢specification Spec规格、标准square sq平方square measure面积stainless steel STS不锈钢stamping打印standard Std标准steel billet方坯steel casting铸钢steel rolling轧钢steel strip钢带steel sheet钢板steel slab板坯steel smelting炼钢storage储存supplier供方surface grade 表面级别surface structure表面结构surface treatment表面处理tare Tr皮重tatal合计technical standard技术标准technical terms 技术条件technical data技术参数technical regulation技术规范technology技术technique工艺telegraphic transfer T/T电汇tensile strength抗拉强度tensile test拉伸试验tension test拉力试验terms of payment支付条款test number T est No试验号test piece number Test Pc No试样号theoretical weight理论重量thickness T厚度time of shipment装运时间time of validity有效期tin-free steeel TFS镀铬板tinplate马口铁the metric公制the british system英制the 美制tolerances公差ton T（t）吨tonnage Tonn吨数、重量toot steel工具钢top正面torpedo鱼雷型铁水罐车total合计total value总值trade mark商标train number Train No车号transportation运输transversal T 横向uncoiling开卷unit计量单位unit price单价usage用途wagon number wagon No车号wall thickness.壁厚weight Wt重量weight certificate重量证明书weight memo重量单welding缝合width W宽度wire rod w/rod线材yield strength屈服强度yietd point屈服点G/O取向硅钢N/O 无取向硅钢P/O酸洗涂油PPGI彩涂板（热镀锌基板）本产品已按上述要求进行制造和检验，其结果符合要求，特此证明we hereby certify that material described herein has menufactured and testedwith sqtisfzctory results in accordance with the requirements of above materiacspecificatton。

INCH-POUND RR-C-271F5 July 2011SUPERSEDING RR-C-271E23 December 2010FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONCHAINS AND ATTACHMENTS,CARBON AND ALLOY STEELThe General Services Administration has authorized the use of this federal specificationby all federal agencies.1. SCOPE AND CLASSIFICATION1.1 Scope. This specification covers carbon and alloy steel chain of commercial qualitytogether with the attachments most commonly used with this chain.1.1.1 Federal specification coverage. Federal specifications do not include all types, grades,classes, and styles of the commodities indicated by the title of the specification, or which arecommercially available, but are intended to cover the types that are suitable for FederalGovernment requirements.1.2 Classification. The welded and weldless chain and attachments are of the following types,classes, and styles as specified below.1.2.1 Chain types. The types, classes, and styles of welded and weldless chain are as follows(see 6.2):Type I - Chain, welded steelClass 1 - Alloy chain (overhead lift)Class 2 - High-test chainClass 3 - Transport chainClass 4 - Proof-coil chainBeneficial comments, recommendations, additions, deletions, clarifications, etc. and any datathat may improve this document should be sent to: STDZNMGT@ or DefenseLogistics Agency Aviation VEB, 8000 Jefferson Davis Highway, Richmond, VA 23297-5616.Since contact information can change, you may want to verify the currency of this addressinformation using the ASSIST database at https:///.Class 5 - Twist-link chainStyle 1 - Long-link pattern (coil)Style 2 - Short-link pattern (machine)Type II - Chain, weldless (forged and casting)Class 1 - Single-loop pattern chainClass 2 - Double-loop pattern chainClass 3 - Sash chainClass 4 - Flat-link chainClass 5 - Bead chainClass 6 - Plumber's chainClass 7 - Single-jack chainClass 8 - Double-jack chainClass 9 - Ladder chainClass 10 - Register chainClass 11 - Mechanical communication chain1.2.2 Attachment types. Attachment types, grades, and classes are as follows (see 6.2):Type II - Connecting linksType III - Repair or end lap linksType IVA - Anchor shacklesGrade A - RegularClass 1 - Round pin and cotterClass 2 - Screw pinClass 3 - Bolt, nut and cotterGrade B - High strengthClass 1 - Round pin and cotterClass 2 - Screw pinClass 3 - Bolt, nut and cotterType IVB - Chain shacklesGrade A - RegularClass 1 - Round pin and cotterClass 2 - Screw pinClass 3 - Bolt, nut and cotterGrade B - High strengthClass 1 - Round pin and cotterClass 2 - Screw pinClass 3 - Bolt, nut and cotterType V - HooksClass 1 - Eye slip hooksClass 2 - Eye grab hooksClass 3 - Eye hoist or sling hooksClass 6 - Eye barrel hooksType VI - RingsType VII - SwivelsClass 1 - Chain swivelsClass 2 - Eye and eye swivelsClass 3 - Jaw and eye swivelsType IX - Bead chain fastenersType X - Bead chain couplingsType XI - Bead chain insulating couplingsType XIII - Pear-shaped linksType XIV - Mechanical coupling linksType XV - End linksType XVI - Chain master links2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS2.1 Government publications. The issues of the following documents, in effect on the date of invitation for bids or request for proposal, form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein.StandardsFederalFED-STD-H28 - Screw-Thread Standards for Federal ServicesFED-STD-123 - Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)(Activities outside the federal government may obtain copies of federal specifications, standards, and commercial item descriptions as specified in the General Information section of the Index of Federal Specifications, Standards and Commercial Item Descriptions. The index is for sale on a subscription basis from the General Services Administration, Federal Supply Service, Specification Section, East 470 L'Enfant Plaza SW, Suite 8100, Washington, DC 20407.)(Single copies of this specification, and other federal specifications, standards, and commercial item descriptions required by activities outside the federal government for bidding purposes are available without charge from the General Services Administration, Federal Supply Service, Specification Section, East 470 L'Enfant Plaza SW, Suite 8100, Washington, DC 20407.)(Federal government activities may obtain copies of federal standardization documents and the Index of Federal Specifications, Standards and Commercial Item Descriptions from established distribution points in their agencies. Electronic copies may be obtained from https:///.)StandardMilitaryMIL-STD-2073-1 - Standard Practice for Military Packaging (Copies of military specifications, standards, and handbooks required by contractors in connection with specific procurement functions are available from the Standardization Document Order Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. Electronic copies may be obtained from https:///.)Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR)Subpart 23.4 - Use of Recovered Materials and Biobased Products (The FAR is for sale on a subscription basis from the Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. When indicated, reprints of certain regulations may be obtained from the federal agency responsible for issuing them. Electronic copies may be obtained from https:///far/.)2.2 Other publications. The following documents form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless a specific issue is identified, the issue in effect on the date of invitation for bids or request for proposal shall apply.American Society for Quality (ASQ)ASQ Z1.4 - Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection byAttributes(Copies of this document are available online at / or from American Society of Quality, 600 North Plankinton Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53203.)InternationalASTMASTM A143/A143M - Standard Practice for Safeguarding AgainstEmbrittlement of Hot-Dip Galvanized StructuralSteel Products and Procedure for DetectingEmbrittlementASTM A153/A153M - Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip)on Iron and Steel HardwareASTM A304 - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelBars Subject to End-Quench HardenabilityRequirementsASTM A322 - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy,Standard GradesASTM A391/A391M - Standard Specification for Grade 80 Alloy SteelChainASTM A413/A413M - Standard Specification for Carbon Steel ChainASTM A466/A466M - Standard Specification for Weldless ChainASTM A467/A467M - Standard Specification for Machine and Coil ChainASTM A510 - Standard Specification for General Requirementsfor Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, CarbonSteelASTM A576 - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special QualityASTM A752 - Standard Specification for General Requirementsfor Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel ASTM A909/A909M - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings,Microalloy, for General Industrial UseSpecification for Steel Bars, Microalloy,StandardA920/A920M -ASTMHot-Wrought, Special Quality, MechanicalPropertiesStandardSpecification for Steel Bars, Microalloy, ASTMA921/A921M -Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, for Subsequent HotForgingASTM A952/A952M - Standard Specification for Forged Grade 80 andGrade 100 Steel Lifting Components and WeldedAttachment LinksASTM A973/A973M - Standard Specification for Grade 100 Alloy SteelChainASTM B633 - Standard Specification for ElectrodepositedCoatings of Zinc on Iron and SteelASTM B695 - Standard Specification for Coatings of ZincMechanically Deposited on Iron and SteelASTM D3951 - Standard Practice for Commercial Packaging(Application for copies should be addressed to ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Electronic copies may be obtained from /.)2.3 Order of precedence. Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.3. REQUIREMENTS3.1 Material.3.1.1 Type I chain, and various types of attachments, as indicated.3.1.1.1 General. Unless otherwise specified, the material for type I chain and the indicated attachments and attachment parts shall conform to the chemical composition shown in table I.TABLE I. Chemical composition.Element Maximumpercent Type I chain and type II, III, V, VI, VII,XIII, XIV, and XV attachments andattachment parts:CarbonPhosphorus SulfurSilicon 0.37 1 0.05 0.05 0.35Type IV shackles and type VII swivels:CarbonPhosphorus SulfurSilicon 0.45 0.04 0.045 0.351 Steel with carbon 0.50 (maximum percent) is permitted for attachments or attachmentparts (types II, III, V, VI, and VII) provided the fabrication is done without welding.3.1.1.2 Type I Steel.3.1.1.2.1 Type I, class 1 alloy chain; type V, class 1, 2, 3, and 6 hooks; type VI rings; type XIII pear-shaped links; type XIV mechanical coupling links; and type XVI chain master links. Unless otherwise specified, type I, class 1 alloy chain; type V, class 1, 2, 3, and 6 hooks; type VI rings; type XIII pear-shaped links; type XIV mechanical coupling links; and type XVI chain master links material shall be an alloy steel made in accordance with ASTM A322, ASTM A304, or ASTM A752. The chain and attachments shall be heat-treated, as required, to produce the physical requirements as specified.3.1.1.2.2 Type I, class 2, high-test chain; and class 3 transport chain. Type I, class 2 high-test chain; and class 3 transport chain material shall be carbon steel made in accordance withASTM A576 or ASTM A510. The chain shall be heat treated, as required, to produce the physical requirements specified.3.1.1.2.3 Type I, classes 4 and 5, chain; type II, connecting links; type III, repair or end lap links; type VII, swivels; and type XV, end links. Type I, classes 4 and 5 chain; type II connecting links; type III repair or end lap links; type VII swivels; and type XV end links material shall be carbon steel made in accordance with ASTM A576 or ASTM A510. The chain and attachments shall be heat treated, as required, to produce the physical requirements specified.3.1.1.2.4 Type IVA anchor shackles and type IVB chain shackles. Type IVA and type IVB, grade A shackles shall be made of carbon steel conforming to ASTM A576,ASTM A920/A920M, ASTM A909/A909M, or ASTM A921/A921M. Type IVA and type IVB, grade B shackles shall be made of alloy steel conforming to ASTM A322. The limitation in the chemical composition shall be as specified in table I.3.1.2 Type II, classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 chain, weldless. Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 shall be made of steel, bronze, or brass, as specified (see 6.2). Class 6 shall be made of steel, brass, or aluminum, as specified (see 6.2). Class 11 shall be made of brass.3.1.3 Type II, class 5 bead chain; type IX bead-chain fasteners; type X bead-chain couplings; and type XI bead-chain insulating couplings. Type II, class 5 bead chain; type IX bead-chain fasteners; and type X bead-chain couplings shall be made of steel, corrosion resistant steel (CRES), or brass as specified (see 6.2). Type XI bead-chain insulating couplings shall have a hard fiber dielectric body fitted at each end with a metal cap made of steel, CRES, or brass as specified (see 6.2).3.1.4 Recovered materials. The offeror/contractor is encouraged to use recovered materials to the maximum extent practicable, in accordance with paragraph 23.403 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR).3.2 Finish.3.2.1 General. The finish for chain and attachments shall be as specified (see 6.2). The following finishes for chain and attachments are typical.(a) Self-colored (chain uncoated, attachments cleaned and uncoated)(b) Bright finish (chain cleaned)(c) Zinc-coated(d) Painted3.2.1.1 Type I, chain, welded steel. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2), the finish for type I, class 2, 3, 4, and 5 shall be self-colored, bright finish, zinc coated or painted. The finish for type I, class 1 shall be bright finish or painted.3.2.1.2 Type II, chain, weldless. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2), the chain shall be zinc coated or self-colored.3.2.1.3 Attachments. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2), attachments shall be self-colored, painted or zinc coated.3.2.1.4 Zinc coating. When zinc coating is specified, the coating may be applied by the hot-dip (galvanizing) process, by the electrodeposition process, or by the mechanically deposited coating process at the contractor's option. If the hot-dip process is used, the coating shall be applied in accordance with ASTM A153/A153M, class B3; if the electrodeposition process is used, it shall be in accordance with ASTM B633, type II, class Fe/Zn 12; and if the mechanically deposited coating process is used, it shall be in accordance with ASTM B695, type II, class 12. When the electrodeposition process is used, the coating shall be done on screw parts after threading and tapping is completed. When the hot-dip process is used, internal threads may be tapped or retapped after galvanizing. Zinc coating shall be adherent, smooth, and free from injurious defects.3.2.1.4.1 Embrittlement. When zinc coating of alloy steel is specified, the safeguarding against embrittlement and the procedure for detecting embrittlement shall be in accordance with ASTM A143/A143M.3.3 Detail requirements - chain.3.3.1 Type I, chain, welded steel.3.3.1.1 Type I, class 1, welded steel alloy chain. The steel alloy chain shall be similar to figure 1 and shall be in accordance with ASTM A391/A391M or ASTM A973/A973M. The figures herein are descriptive, not restrictive, and are not intended to preclude the purchase of chain and attachments otherwise in accordance with this specification.FIGURE 1. Type I, class 1, 2, 3, and 4 chain.3.3.1.2 Type I, class 2, welded steel high-test chain. The high test chain shall be similar to figure 1 and shall be in accordance with ASTM A413/A413M, grade 43.3.3.1.3 Type I, class 3, transport chain. The transport chain shall be similar to figure 1 and shall be in accordance with ASTM A413/A413M, grade 70.3.3.1.4 Type I, class 4, welded steel proof-coil chain. The proof-coil chain shall be similar to figure 1 and shall be in accordance with ASTM A413/A413M, grade 30.3.3.1.5 Type I, class 5, style 1, welded steel twist-link chain, long-link pattern (coil). The long-link chain shall be similar to figure 2 and shall conform to the dimensions and physical requirements specified in ASTM A467/A467M, class CT.FIGURE 2. Type I, class 5, style 1, welded steel twist-link chain, long-link pattern (coil).3.3.1.6 Type I, class 5, style 2, welded steel twist-link chain, short-link pattern (machine). The short-link chain shall be similar to figure 3 and shall be in accordance with the dimensions and physical requirements as specified in ASTM A467/A467M, class MT.FIGURE 3. Type I, class 5, style 2, welded steel twist-link chain, short-link pattern (machine).3.3.2 Type II, chain, weldless.3.3.2.1 Class 1, single-loop pattern chain. The single-loop pattern chain shall be similar to figure 4 and shall be in accordance with ASTM A466/A466M, class SL.FIGURE 4. Type II, class 1, weldless, single-loop pattern chain.3.3.2.2 Class 2, double-loop pattern chain. The double-loop pattern chain shall be similar to figure 5 and shall be in accordance with ASTM A466/A466M, class DL.FIGURE 5. Type II, class 2, weldless double-loop pattern chain.3.3.2.3 Class 3, sash chain. The sash chain shall be similar to figure 6 and shall be in accordance with ASTM A466/A466M, class SH.FIGURE 6. Type II, class 3, weldless sash chain.3.3.2.4 Class 4, flat-link chain. The flat-link chain shall be similar to figure 7 and shall be in accordance with the requirements as shown in table II.FIGURE 7. Type II, class 4, weldless flat-link chain.TABLE II. Type II, class 4, weldless flat-link chain.Weight per 100 feet (approx) (pounds) Breaking load (min) 1(pounds)Nominal metal thickness (inch) Number of links per foot(approx) Steel Brass Steel Brass Trade number 0.083 0.065 0.103 0.1258.5 17 9.75 916 12.5 35 4017 13 37 421,600 990 2,190 3,2401,120 695 1,535 2,2702-0 113 210 2801Maximum working load limit is 25 percent of breaking load.3.3.2.5 Class 5, bead chain. The bead chain shall be similar to figure 8 and shall be in accordance with the requirements as shown in table III.FIGURE 8. Type II, class 5, weldless bead chain.TABLE III. Type II, class 5, weldless bead chain.Nominal diameter of beads (approx)(inch)Metal thickness (approx) (inch)Number of beads per foot (approx)Weight per 100 feet (approx) (pounds)Breaking loads (min)(pounds) Trade number3/32 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/8 0.010 0.014 0.017 0.020 0.034 102 72 50 40 24 0.7 1.5 2.6 4.8 10.8 15 28 45 90 200 36 10 13 203.3.2.6 Class 6, plumber's chain. The plumber's chain shall be similar to figure 9 and shall be in accordance with ASTM A466/A466M, class SF.FIGURE 9. Type II, class 6, weldless plumber's chain. 3.3.2.7 Class 7, single-jack chain. The single-jack chain shall be similar to figure 10 and shallbe in accordance with ASTM A466/A466M, class SJ.FIGURE 10. Type II, class 7, weldless single-jack chain.3.3.2.8 Class 8, double-jack chain. The double-jack chain shall be similar to figure 11 and shallbe in accordance with ASTM A466/A466M, class DJ.FIGURE 11. Type II, class 8, weldless double-jack chain.3.3.2.9 Class 9, ladder chain. The ladder chain shall be similar to figure 12 and shall be inaccordance with the requirements as shown in table IV.FIGURE 12. Type II, class 9, weldless ladder chain.TABLE IV. Type II, class 9, weldless ladder chain. Breaking loads (min) (pounds) Nominal size ofchain (inch) Number of links per foot (approx) Weight per 100 feet (approx) (pounds) Steel Brass or bronze 0.0360.0480.0550.080 64 42 34 25 0.8 2.5 3.5 6 45 70 85 145 40 60 75 1303.3.2.10 Class 10, register chain. The register chain shall be similar to figure 13 and shall be inaccordance with ASTM A466/A466M, class RG.FIGURE 13. Type II, class 10, weldless register chain.3.3.2.11 Class 11, mechanical communication chain. The mechanical communication chain shall be similar to figure 14 and shall be in accordance with the requirements as shown in table V.FIGURE 14. Type II, class 11, weldless mechanical communication chain.TABLE V. Type II, class 11, weldless mechanical communication chain.Nominal thickness outside links(inch)Nominalthicknessinside links(inch)Width (max)(inch)Pitch(center-to-center)of pins(approx)Number oflinks per foot(approx)Breaking load(min)(pounds)1/16 1/8 0.25 0.375 32 800 3.3.2.11.1 End links. Each end of the completed chain shall be fitted with a large brass link forthe attachment of transmission wires.3.3.2.11.2 Length. The total length of the finished chain shall be approximately 30 inches.3.4 Detail requirements - attachments.3.4.1 Type II, connecting links. Connecting links shall be forged from carbon steel as specifiedin 3.1.1.2.3, shall be similar to figure 15, and shall be in accordance with the dimensions and physical requirements as shown in table VI. The 3/16, 1/4, and 5/16-inch sizes shall have rivets only, no interlocking lugs.FIGURE 15. Type II, connecting links.TABLE VI. Type II, connecting links.Trade size (nom) (inch)Outsidedimensions oflinks (L x W)(approx)(inches)Weight perdozen(approx)(pounds)Working loadlimit(pounds)Proof load(min)(pounds)Breaking load(min)(pounds)3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 11-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-5/81-7/81.25 x 0.751.5 x 11.688 x 1.1882.062 x 1.3752.375 x 1.52.625 x 1.753 x 1.9383.312 x 2.1883.875 x 2.54.5 x 2.9385 x 3.255.625 x 3.56.125 x 46.75 x 4.757.25 x 5.1258 x 5.59 x 6.250.3750.75123.1254.56.625914.520.25294053.5751031312167501,2501,9002,6503,6254,5005,8006,9009,75012,00015,50019,50024,00028,75034,00042,00064,0001,5002,5003,8005,3007,2509,00011,60013,80019,50024,00031,00039,00048,00057,50068,00084,000128,0003,0005,0007,60010,60014,50018,00023,20027,60039,00048,00062,00078,00096,000115,000136,000168,000256,0003.4.2 Type III, repair or end lap links. End lap links shall be formed from carbon steel as specified in 3.1.1.2.3. Links shall be of the end lap type, shall be similar to figure 16, and shall be in accordance with the dimensions and weights as shown in table VII.FIGURE 16. Type III, repair or end lap link.TABLE VII. Type III, repair or end lap links.Diameter of metal(inches) Length inside(nom) (inches)Working loadlimit (pounds)Weight per 100links (approx)(pounds)Breaking load(min)(pounds)0.188 0.219 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.281 0.312 0.312 0.375 0.375 0.5 11.251.251.521.251.521.62522.52252503253253253756756251,0501,0001,52555.757.2910.259.314.5172225549001,0001,3001,3001,3001,5002,7002,5004,2004,0006,1003.4.3 Type IV, shackles.3.4.3.1 General. Type IVA and type IVB, grade A shackles shall be forged from carbon steel as specified in 3.1.1.2.4. Pins and bolts for grade A shackles shall be made from carbon or alloy steel as specified in 3.1.1.2.4. Type IVA and type IVB, grade B shackles, together with their pins and bolts, shall be forged from alloy steel as specified in 3.1.1.2.4.3.4.3.1.1 Threads. Screw-pin shackles shall be threaded after fabrication to final size and shape. Threads shall conform to FED-STD-H28 for Unified Coarse (UNC) threads unless the corresponding fine threads are specified (see 6.2). Threads on finished shackles shall be not looser than class 1 fit. The male threads of zinc-coated shackles may be undercut, as necessary, so that after coating they will properly mate (not less than class 1 fit) with the standard size female threads, or the inside threads may be similarly oversized.3.4.3.1.2 Proof loads. Shackles shall withstand the proof loads shown in table VIII (see4.4.2.2.1) without developing surface rupture or defects that would interfere with serviceability or prevent disassembly of the pin. After proof loading, screw-pin shackles shall be disassembled by hand after the first turn.TABLE VIII. Mechanical properties.Working load limit(pounds) Proof load (min)(pounds)Breaking load (min)(pounds)Size (D)(nominal)(inches) Grade A Grade B Grade A Grade B Grade A Grade B3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 11-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 22-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 33-1/2 46501,0001,5002,0003,0004,0006,5009,50013,00017,00019,00024,00027,00034,00040,00050,00070,00080,000110,000120,000170,000240,000300,0001,0001,5002,5004,0005,2006,60010,00014,00019,00025,00030,00036,00042,00060,00070,00080,000100,000120,000160,000180,000220,000280,000350,0001,4302,2003,3004,4006,6008,80014,30020,90028,60037,40041,80052,80059,40074,80088,000110,000154,000176,000242,000264,000374,000528,000660,0002,2003,3005,5008,80011,44014,52022,00030,80041,80055,00066,00079,20092,400132,000154,000176,000220,000264,000352,000396,000484,000616,000770,0003,2505,0007,50010,00015,00020,00032,50047,50065,00085,00095,000120,000135,000170,000200,000250,000350,000400,000550,000600,000850,0001,200,0001,500,0005,0007,50012,50020,00026,00033,00050,00070,00095,000125,000150,000180,000210,000300,000350,000400,000500,000600,000800,000900,0001,100,0001,400,0001,750,0003.4.3.1.3 Breaking loads. Shackles shall meet the breaking load requirements shown intable VIII (see 4.4.2.2.2).3.4.3.1.4 Working load limit. The working load limits (WLL) of shackles covered by this specification are shown in table VIII.3.4.3.1.5 Ductility. Shackles shall be sufficiently ductile so that, when fractured, the fractured member shall show a permanent distortion before breaking. If the pin fractures, it shall show a permanent bend of not less than 20 degrees. If the body fractures, it shall show a permanent mid-shackle set of not less than 15 percent of the original spread between bows.3.4.3.1.6 Marking. Each shackle body shall be permanently and legibly marked in raised or stamped letters on the side of the shackle bow with the identifying manufacturer's name or trademark, shackle size, and the WLL. As a minimum, all shackle pins and bolts shall be marked with the manufacturer's mark or symbol; in addition, all grade B shackle pins and bolts shall be marked with the raised or stamped letters "HS" on the head. Shackle markings shall be raised or stamped letters or figures of the maximum practical height permitted by the size of theshackle component being marked, but not to exceed 0.75 inch in height by 0.125 inch in relief. Stamping dies shall be of the round bottom, low-stress type. Marking location shall not interfere with the serviceability of the shackle assembly.3.4.3.1.7 Finish. Shackle components shall be as specified in 3.2.1.3.3.4.3.2 Form and dimensions. The form of the respective shackle types and classes shall be similar to that shown on figures 17 and 18 (see 6.2). Except for reference dimensions, the dimensions of shackle bodies and component pins and bolts shall conform to the dimensional requirements specified in tables IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, and XIV. Reference dimensions are for information only.FIGURE 17. Type IVA, anchor shackles.FIGURE 18. Type IVB, chain shackles.RR-C-271F243.4.4 Type V, hooks. The hooks shall be forged from alloy steel as specified in 3.1.1.2.1. Class 1, 2, 3, and 6 hooks shall be used with type I alloy chain.3.4.4.1 Ductility. Hooks shall be sufficiently ductile so that, when fractured, the fractured member shall show a permanent distortion before breaking. The throat opening shall show a permanent bend of not less than 15 degrees.3.4.4.1.1 Finish. Hooks shall be as specified in 3.2.1.3.3.4.4.2 Class 1, eye slip hook. The eye slip hooks shall have the eye parallel to the hook, shall be similar to figure 19, and shall be in accordance with the physical requirements as shown in table XV.FIGURE 19. Type V, class 1, eye slip hook.TABLE XV. Type V, class 1, eye slip hook.Size of chain (nominal) (inch)Weight each (approx) (pounds)Working loadlimit (pounds) Proof load (min)(pounds)Breaking load (min) (pounds) 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/40.4 1.0 2.5 3.1 6.03,600 6,400 11,400 17,800 25,6507,200 12,800 22,800 35,600 51,30014,400 25,600 45,600 71,200 102,6003.4.4.3 Class 2, eye grab hooks. The eye grab hooks shall have the eye parallel to the hook, shall be similar to figure 20, and shall be in accordance with the physical requirements as shown in table XVI.。

Chemical CompositionGRADEC Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo N VLOW ALLOY STEELSF10.28 0.06-0.90 0.045 0.045 0.15-0.35 0.44-0.65F50.15 0.30-0.60 0.03 0.03 0.5 0.5 4.0-6.0 0.44-0.65F90.15 0.30-0.60 0.03 0.03 0.50-1.10 8.0-10.0 0.90-1.10F910.08-0.12 0.30-0.60 0.02 0.01 0.20-0.50 0.4 8.0-9.5 0.85-1.05F920.07-0.13 0.30-0.60 0.02 0.01 0.5 0.4 8.50-9.50 0.30-0.60F110.05-0.15 0.30-0.60 0.03 0.03 0.50-1.00 1.00-1.50 0.44-0.65F120.05-0.15 0.30-0.60 0.045 0.045 0.50 0.80-1.25 0.44-0.65F220.05-0.15 0.30-0.60 0.04 0.04 0.5 2.00-2.50 0.87-1.13 F230.04-0.10 0.10-0.60 0.03 0.01 0.5 1.92-2.60 0.05-0.30 SCM4400.38-0.43 0.60-0.90 0.03 0.03 0.15-0.35 0.25 0.90-1.20 0.15-0.30 SNCM4390.36-0.43 0.60-0.90 0.03 0.03 0.15-0.35 1.60-2.00 0.60-1.00 0.15-0.30STAINLESS STEELS (MARTENSITIC) F60.15 1 0.04 0.03 1 0.5 11.5-13.5STAINLESS STEELS (FERRITIC)F4290.12 1 0.04 0.03 0.75 0.5 14.0-16.0F4300.12 1 0.04 0.03 0.75 0.5 16.0-18.0STAINLESS STEELS (AUSTENTIC)F304L0.03 2 0.045 0.03 1 8.0-13.0 18.0-20.0F3100.25 2 0.045 0.03 1 19.0-22.0 24.0-26.0F316L0.03 2 0.045 0.03 1 10.0-15.0 16.0-18.0 2.0-3.0 F317L0.03 2 0.045 0.03 1 11.0-15.0 18.0-20.0 3.0-4.0 F3210.08 2 0.045 0.03 1 9.0-12.0 17.0-19.0F3470.08 2 0.045 0.03 1 9.0-13.0 17.0-20.0F440.02 1 0.03 0.01 0.8 17.5-18.5 19.5-20.5 6.0-6.5STAINLESS STEELS (DUPLEX)F510.03 2 0.03 0.02 1 4.5-6.5 21.0-23.0 2.5-3.5F530.03 1.2 0.035 0.02 0.8 6.8-8.0 24.0-26.0 3.0-5.0F904L0.02 2 0.04 0.03 1 23.0-28.0 19.0-23.0 4.0-5.0SUSF329J3L0.03 2.00 0.04 0.03 1 4.50-6.50 21.0-24.0 2.5-3.5 0.08-0.20 F60CARBON STEELSA1050.35 0.60-1.05 0.035 0.04 0.10-0.35 0.4 0.3 0.12A350LF20.3 0.60-1.35 0.035 0.04 0.15-0.30 0.4 0.3 0.12A350LF30.2 0.9 0.035 0.04 0.20-0.35 3.3-3.7 0.3 0.12A694/F650.26 1.4 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.35S45C0.42-0.48 0.60-0.90 0.30 0.35 0.15-0.35ALLOY STEELSALLOY20 0.07 2 0.45 0.35 1 32-38 19-21 2.0-3.0 ALLOY625 0.1 0.5 0.015 0.015 0.5 58 20-23 8.0-10.0ALLOY8000.11.5 0.015 1 30-35 19-23 A800H/HT 0.05-0.10 1.5 0.015 1 30-35 19-23ALLOY8250.0510.030.538-4619.5-23.5 2.50-3.50MOLD STEELSSKT4 0.50-0.60 0.60-0.90 0.03 0.02 0.10-0.40 1.50-1.80 0.80-1.20 0.35-0.55 0.05-0.15 STD61 0.32-0.420.500.03 0.034.50-5.50 1.00-1.500.80-1.20GRADEMechanical PropertiseUNSNODINTensile Strength Min, ksi(MPa) Yield Strength Min, ksi(MPa) Brinell HardnessLOW ALLOY STEELSF1 K12822 15Mo3 70(485) 40(275) 143-192 F5 K41545 12CrMo19-5 70(485) 40(275) 143-217 F9K9094112CrMo9-185(585)55(380)179-217F91K90901 X10CrMovN69-1 85(585) 60(415) 248max F9290(620) 64(440) 269max F11K11597 13CrMo44 60(415) 30(205) 121-174 F12K11562 16CrMo44 60(415) 32(220) 121-174 F22K21590 10CrNo9-10 60(415) 30(205) 170max F23K41650 74(510) 58(400) 220max SCM44042CrMo4SNCM43936CrNiMo4STAINLESS STEELS (MARTENSITIC)F6S41000 X12Cr13 70(485) 40(275) 143-207STAINLESS STEELS (FERRITIC)F429S42900 60(415) 35(240) 190max F430S43000 60(415) 35(240) 190maxSTAINLESS STEELS (AUSTENTIC)F304L S30403 X2CrNi19-11 70(485) 25(170)F310S31000 X12CrNi25-20 75(515) 30(205)F316L S31603 X2CrNiMo18-14-3 70(485) 25(170)F317L S31703 70(485) 25(170)F321S32100 X6CrNiTi18-10 75(515) 30(205)F347S34700 X6CrNiNb18-10 75(515) 30(205)F44S31254 94(650) 44(300)STAINLESS STEELS (DUPLEX)F51S31803 X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 90(620) 65(450)F53S32750 X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-4 116(800) 80(550) 310max F904L NO8904 71(490) 31(215)SUSF329J3LF60S32205CARBON STEELSA105CK25 70(485) 36(250) 187 A350LF270-95(485-655) 36(250) 197A350LF370-95(485-655) 37.5(260) A694/F6577(530) 65(450) S45C CK45ALLOY STEELSALLOY20NO8020ALLOY625NO6625ALLOY800NO8800A800H/HT NO8810/11ALLOY825NO8825MOLD STEELSSKT4STD61Marking Symbols Materals FormChemical Composition(percent)Max. or Range(Uniess otherwise indicated)C Si Mn P S NiA234WPBA106 Gr.BA151 Gr.65A515 Gr.70PPLPL0.300.28-0.330.31-0.350.10min0.13-0.330.13-0.330.29-1.060.900.900.0480.0350.0350.0580.0400.040--- WPC A106 Gr.C P 0.35 0.10min 0.29-1.06 0.048 0.058 - WP1A335 Gr.P1A204 Gr.BPPL0.10-0.200.20-0.270.10-0.500.13-0.320.30-0.800.900.0450.0350.0550.040-- WP12A335 Gr.P12A387 Gr.12PPL0.150.170.500.13-0.320.30-0.610.36-0.690.0450.0350.0550.040-- WP11A335 Gr.P11A387 Gr.11PPL0.150.170.50-1.000.44-0.860.30-0.600.35-0.690.0300.0350.0300.040-- WP22A335 Gr.P22A387 Gr.22PPL0.150.15-0.170.500.500.30-0.600.27-0.630.0300.0350.0300.035-- WP5A335 Gr.P5A387 Gr.5PPL0.150.150.500.500.30-0.600.27-0.630.0300.0400.0300.030--WP91 A335 Gr.P91A387 Gr.91PPL0.08-0.120.18-0.120.200.500.30-0.600.30-0.600.0200.0200.0100.0100.4000.400A403WP304A312 Gr.TP304A240 Type304PPL0.080.150.751.002.002.000.0400.0450.0300.0308.00-11.008.00-10.50 WP304HA312 Gr.TP304HA240 Type304HPPL0.01-0.100.04-0.100.751.002.002.000.0400.0450.0300.0308.00-11.008.00-10.50 WP304LA312 Gr.TP304L+A240 Type304L+PPL0.0350.0300.751.002.002.000.0400.0450.0300.0308.00-13.008.00-12.00 WP309A312 Gr.TP309A240 Type309SPPL0.150.080.751.002.002.000.0400.0450.0300.03012.00-15.0012.00-15.00 WP310A312 Gr.TP310A240 Type310SPPL0.150.080.751.002.002.000.0400.0450.0300.03019.00-22.0019.00-22.00 WP316A312 Gr.TP316A240 Type316PPL0.080.080.751.002.002.000.0400.0450.0300.03011.00-14.0010.00-14.00 WP316HA312 Gr.TP316HA240 Type316H*PPL0.04-0.100.40-0.100.751.002.002.000.0400.0450.0300.03011.00-14.0010.00-14.00 WP316LA312 Gr.TP316LA240 Type316L+PPL0.0350.0300.751.002.002.000.0400.0450.0300.03010.00-15.0010.00-14.00 WP317L A312 Gr.TP317L P 0.035 0.75 2.00 0.040 0.030 11.00-15.00A240 Type317L PL 0.030 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 11.00-15.00WP321 A312 Gr.TP321A240 Type321PPL0.080.080.751.002.002.000.0400.0450.0300.0309.00-13.009.00-12.00WP321H A312 Gr.TP321HA240 Type321H*PPL0.04-0.100.04-0.100.751.002.002.000.0400.0450.0300.0309.00-13.009.00-12.00WP347 A312 Gr.TP347A240 Type347PPL0.080.080.751.002.002.000.0400.0450.0300.0359.00-13.009.00-13.00WP347H A312 Gr.TP347HA240 Type347H*PPL0.04-0.100.080.751.002.002.000.0400.0450.0300.0309.00-13.009.00-13.00A420WPL6A333 and A334 Gr.6A516 Gr.60PPL0.300.21-0.270.10min0.13-0.330.29-1.060.60-1.250.0480.0350.0580.040-- WPL3A333 and A334 Gr.3A203 Gr.DPPL0.190.17-0.200.18-0.370.13-0.320.31-0.640.70-0.800.0500.0350.0500.0403.18-3.823.18-3.82 WPL9A333 and A332 Gr.9A203 Gr.APPL0.200.17-0.15-0.400.40-1.060.700.0250.0350.0250.0401.60-2.242.10-2.50A815S31803A790 S31803A240 S31803PPL0.030 1.0 2.0 0.030 0.0204.50-6.506.0-8.0 S32750A790 S32750A240 S32750PPL0.030 0.8 1.2 0.035 0.020-0.0-8.00-ㆍAsterisks(*) denote that the carbon content shall be 0.04 to 0.10%. Daggers(+) denote that the minimum tensile strength shall be 65.000 psi(488 MPa), and that the minimum yield strength shall be 25.000 psi(172 MPa).ㆍThe yield strength shall be determined by the offset method at 0.2% timiting perminet set in accordance with ASTM A370 Specification. An alternative method of determining yield strength maybe based on a total extension under load of 0.5%.S32760A790 S32760 A240 S32760 P PL 0.05 0.030 1.00 1.00 0.030 0.010- - A860 WPHY42 API Gr.X42 A572 Gr.42 P PL 0.28- - 1.25 0.04 0.05- - WPHY60 API Gr.X60 A572 Gr.60 P PL 0.26 - - 1.35 0.04 0.05- - WPHY65API Gr.X65 A572 Gr.65P PL0.26 - -1.40 0.04 0.05- -Steal CompositionASTM Specification and GradeKSSpecificationand Grade MarkingSymbolPipe Plate Forgings PipeCarbon Steel- A120 A283A - SPP Carbon Steel- A53-B A242 - SPPS38 Carbon Steel- A53-B A242 - SPP42Carbon Steel WPB A106-B A515-65 or70A181-2 andA105SPP42Carbon Steel WPC A106-C - - SPHT49Carbon Steel WPL6 A333 andA334-6A516-60 A350-LF2 SPLT393 ½% Ni Steel WPL3 A333 andA334-3A203-D A350-LF3 -Carbon-Molybdenum Steel WP1 A335-P1 A204-B A182-F1 SPA12 1% Cr-½% Molybdenum Steel WP12 A335-P12 A387-12 A182-F12 SPA221¼% Cr-½% Molybdenum Steel WP11 A335-P11 A387-11 A182-F11 SPA23 2¼% Cr-1% Molybdenum Steel WP22 A335-P22 A387-22 A182-F22 SPA24 5% Cr-½% Molybdenum Steel WP5 A335-P5 A387-5 A182-F5 SPA25 7% Cr-½% Molybdenum Steel WP7 A335-P7 - A182-F7 - 9% Cr-1% Molybdenum Steel WP9 A335-P9 - A182-F9 -18% Cr-8% Ni Steel WP304 A312-TP304 A240-Type304A182-F304 STS304TP18% Cr-8% Ni-(0.04-0.10)% C Steel WP304H A312-TP304HA240-Type304HA182-F304H -18% Cr-8% Ni-0.035% C Steel WP304L A312-TP304L A240-Type304LA182-F304L SPS304LTP22% Cr-12% Ni Steel WP309 A312-TP309 A240-Type309S- STS309STP25% Cr-20% Ni Steel WP310 A312-TP310 A240-Type310SA182-F310 STS310STP18% Cr-8% Ni-Cb + Ta Steel WP347 A312-TP347 A240-Type347A182-F347 STS347TP18% Cr-8% Ni-Mo Steel WP316 A312-TP316 A240-Type A182-F316 STS316TP31618% Cr-8%Ni-Mo-(0.04-0.10)% C Steel WP316H A312-TP316HA240-Type316HA182-F316H STS316HTP18% Cr-8% Ni-Mo-0.035% C Steel WP316L A312-TP316LA240-Type316LA182-F316L STS316LTP18% Cr-8% Ni-Ti Steel WP321 A312-TP321 A240-Type321A182-F321 ST321TP18% Cr-8%Ni-Ti-(0.04-0.10)% C Steel WP321H A312-TP321HA240-Type321HA182-F321H -18% Cr-8%Ni-Cb+Ta-(0.04-0.10)% C Steel WP347H A312-TP347HA240-Type347HA182-F347H STS347HTPKSSpecification and Grade JIS GradeB.SSpecificationand GradeDINSpecificationand Grade Steal CompositionPlate Pipe Plate Pipe PipeSS41 SGP SS41 1378-M 2440-ST33-1 Carbon Steel SWS41B STPG38 SM41B 3602-ERW23 1626-ST37 Carbon SteelSWS41B STPG42 SM41B 3602-ERW27 - Carbon Steel SBB42 STPT42 SB42 3602-Steel27 17175-St 45.8 Carbon Steel SBB49 STPL49 SB49 3602-Steel35 - Carbon SteelSLAL33 STPL39 - 3603-Steel27LT30- Carbon Steel- STPL46 - 3603-Steel503LT100- 3 ½% Ni SteelSBB46M STPA12 - - 17175-15 Mo3 Carbon-Molybdenum SteelSCMV2 STPA22 - 3604-HF620 17175-13CrMo44 1% Cr-½% Molybdenum SteelSCMV3 STPA23 - 3604-HF621 - 1¼% Cr-½% Molybdenum SteelSCMV4 STPA24 - 3604-HF622,27 17175-10CrMo910 2¼% Cr-1% Molybdenum Stee lSCMV6 STPA25 - 3604-HF625 - 5% Cr-½% Molybdenum Steel- - - - - 7% Cr-½% MolybdenumSteel- STPA26 - - - 9% Cr-1% Molybdenum SteelSTS304 SUS304TP SUS304 3605-801 17440-X5CrNi189 18% Cr-8% Ni Steel- SUS304HTP - 3605-811 - 18% Cr-8%Ni-(0.04-0.10)% C SteelSTS304L SUS304LTP SUS304L 3605-811L 17440-X2CrNiMo189 18% Cr-8% Ni-0.035% C SteelSTS309S SUS309STP SUS309S - - 22% Cr-12% Ni Steel STS310S SU310STP SU310S 3605-805S - 25% Cr-20% Ni SteelSTS347 SU347TP SU347 3605-822Nb 17440-X0CrNiNb189 18% Cr-8% Ni-Cb + Ta SteelSTS316 SU316TP SU316 3605-845 17440-X5CrNiMo1810 18% Cr-8% Ni-Mo Steel- SUS316HTP - 3605-855 - 18% Cr-8%Ni-Mo-(0.04-0.10)% C SteelSTS316L SUS316LTP SUS316L 3605-845L 17440-X2CrNiMo1810 18% Cr-8% Ni-Mo-0.035%KS : KOREAN INDUSTRIAL STANDARDSKS B 1522Steel Butt-Welding Pipe Fittings for Ordinary use. KS B 1541Steel Butt-Welding Pipe Fittings.KS B 1542Steel Socket-Welding Pipe Fittings.KS B 1543Steel Plate Butt-Welding Pipe Fittings.JIS : JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARDSJIS B 2311Steel Butt-Welding Pipe Fittings for Ordinary use.JIS B 2312Steel Butt-Welding Pipe Fittings.JIS B 2313Steel Plate Butt-Welding Pipe Fittings.JIS B 2314Steel Socket-Welding Pipe Fittings.ANSI : AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTEANSI B 16.5Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings.ANSI B 16.9Factory Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings.ANSI B 16.11Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded.ANSI B 16.25Butt-Welding Ends.ANSI B 16.28Wrought Steel Butt-Welding short Radious Elbow and Returns. ANSI B 36.10Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe.ANSI B 36.19Stainless Steel Pipe.ASTM : AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALSASTM A 105Forging, Carbon Steel for Piping Components.ASTM A 182Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service.ASTM A 234Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and Elevated Temperatures.ASTM A 350Forgings Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping Components.ASTM A 403Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings.ASTM A 420Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service.ASTM A 815Specification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic, and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings.MSS : MANUFACTURERS STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY OF THE VALVE AND FITTINGS INDUSTRYMSS SP-25Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions. MSS SP-43Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings.MSS SP-44Steel Pipe Line Flanges.MSS SP-75Specification for High Test Wrought Butt-Welding Fittings.MSS SP-79Socket Welding Reducer Inserts.MSS SP-83Carbon Steel Pipe Unions Socket-Welding and Threaded.MSS SP-87Factory-Made Butt-Welding Fittings for Class 1 Nuclear Piping Applications.MSS SP-95Swage(d) Nipples and Bull Plugs.MSS SP-97Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet Fittings-Socket Welding, Threaded and Butt-Welding Ends.ASME : AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSASME SECTION ⅡMeterials.ASME SECTION ⅢSubsection NCA / Division 1 / Division 2ASME SECTION ⅤNondestructive Examination.ASME SECTION ⅧRules for Construction of Pressure Vessels / Division 1, Division 2 ASME SECTION ⅨWelding and Brazing Qualifications.API : AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTEAPI 5L Line Pipe.API 5LX High Test Line Pipe.API 6A Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment.。

不锈钢起重链条欧洲标准
不锈钢起重链条欧洲标准有EN818-2和德国DIN763等。

这些标准规定了不锈钢起重链条的材质、尺寸、强度、耐腐蚀性等方面的要求。

EN818-2标准的不锈钢起重链条具有能够传递长距离负载、承受多种载荷及变载荷、承载安全系数大、柔软性能好、使用可靠、自重重量轻、便于携带和运输等优点。

此外，该标准的不锈钢起重链条还具有较高的抗拉强度、抗疲劳强度和抗冲击韧性，在高速工作条件下，具有良好的抗震和运转稳定性。

德国DIN763标准规定了不锈钢起重链条的规格型号、材质和表面处理等方面的要求。

其中，不锈钢起重链条的材质包括316、304、316L和201等。

这些欧洲标准的不锈钢起重链条在安全性、可靠性和耐用性方面具有较高的要求，有助于确保起重作业的安全和高效。