济南大学大一下学期必背英语课文

大学英语教材必背篇目在大学学习英语的过程中，选择适合自己的教材是非常重要的。

今天我将给大家介绍几个大学英语教材中必背的篇目，希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助。

1. 《大学英语》（第三版）《大学英语》是一套经典的教材，是大部分大学英语专业的教材。

其中，必背的篇目包括《Unit 1 Introduction to College English》以及后续单元中的重点阅读和听力材料。

这些篇目侧重于培养学生的听说读写能力，同时提供了丰富的词汇和语法练习。

2. 《剑桥雅思真题集》雅思（IELTS）考试是留学和移民的重要标准之一。

《剑桥雅思真题集》收录了历年来的真题，对于备考雅思的学生来说，必须要背诵并熟悉其中的篇目。

这些篇目主要涵盖听力、阅读、写作和口语四个方面的内容，能够全面提高学生的英语水平。

3. 《新编大学英语教程》《新编大学英语教程》是一套针对大学非英语专业学生编写的教材。

其中的篇目以视听材料为主，包括课文、听力和口语练习。

必背篇目包括《Unit 1 Meeting Your New Roommate》和《Unit 4 Changing Plans》等，这些篇目涉及到日常生活话题，能够帮助学生提升实际运用英语的能力。

4. 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》是一本常见的英语词典，里面包含了大量的单词和释义。

作为大学英语学习的必备工具书，学生应该熟悉其中的篇目，并且能够运用词典进行查阅和学习。

5. 《英语流行词词典》《英语流行词词典》收录了各个时期英语中的流行词汇和短语。

这些词汇通常是与时俱进的，了解并掌握这些流行词汇有助于学生提高英语交流的实用性和时效性。

学生应该重点背诵其中的篇目，并且在日常生活中灵活运用。

6. 课外阅读材料除了教材中的篇目，大学英语学习还应该注重阅读课外材料。

可以选择英文报纸、杂志、小说等进行阅读，这样能够增加语言输入量，提高阅读理解和综合运用能力。

总结起来，大学英语教材必背的篇目包括《大学英语》（第三版）中的重点篇目、《剑桥雅思真题集》中的题目、《新编大学英语教程》的听力和口语篇目，以及《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》和《英语流行词词典》中的相关内容。

大一下英语听力原文products, It's friendly and restful. It can be cool and soothing, the colour of apples and mint, but it can also bequite strong and many people associate it with unpleasant ideasof decay or slimy creatures.Presenter Passage2 Presenter Sally Presenter Sally Presenter Fascinating. Thank you very much, Dr Hudson. Market Colours by DrJenna Hudson is on sale from ne某t week, priced ￡15.99...What makes you embarrassed, Sally?Oh, I'm easily embarrassed. If anybody notices me or looksat me, I getvery embarrassed. When people sing me Happy Birthday on my birthday, I get very embarrassed.And what makes you upset?When people are selfish, people who think only of themselves. Andcruelty -I can't bear people who are cruel, especially to animals or children.Jake, what makes you depressed?Jake I hate it when it rains, and I don't like people who look down on me, whothink they're superior to me without any reason.Presenter And what makes you angry?Jake When people don't behave properly in public, bad behaviour likedropping litter or people pushing each other on the bus or the train.Presenter Andrew, what makes you cheerful?Andrew I like to see everyone around me being happy and having a positiveattitude towards the future, optimistic people.Presenter And what makes you jealous?Andrew Well, to be honest, I just never feel jealous. Ican't see the point of it. Presenter Monica, what makes you proud?Monica I'm proud when I'm successful, especially in my work. Being recognized bymy boss for what I can do makes me feel really proud. Oh, and my family. I'm very proud of them.Presenter And what makes you nervous?don't know what the kids are going to be like and how they might behave, or if they're going to like you.Presenter Anything else?Monica Doing interviews like this.Unit 3Listening InPassage1 6Patrick I read a funny story today in the paper – true story. Steve Go on, then.Patrick OK. This 72-year old guy stole a pair of trousers from a department storeSteve Patrick Steve Patrick Steve Patrick Steve PatrickHe bit the policeman?Yes –you have to remember, he was 72. I’d forgotten that.Problem was, it didn’t hurt the policeman at all, ’cause the guy hadforgotten to put his false teeth in before he left home.Very funny!And the moral of the story is –Always remember to wear your false teeth if you’re going to bite someone. That’s good. I read a funny crime story the other day. Let’s see … yeah …7Steve He was probably telling the truth.Patrick He probably was. Anyway, the newspaper managed to keep the guy talkingwhile they rang the police. And the police traced the call – the guy was ringing from a phone booth – and they arrested him while he was still talking to the newspaper.Steve That’s good. Stupid guy! I’ve got another truesto ry … This – this – old guywas in court for some crime – and he fell asleep. His case began and his lawyer stood up and said, ―My client pleads not guilty.‖ The man suddenly woke up, but wasn’t sure what was happening. He jumped up and shouted, ―I plead guilty! I plead guilty!‖Patrick So what happened?Steve The judge allowed him to plead not guilty. Patrick That’s the best, I think.Passage2 Presenter You’re listening to Kevin Fallon and my topic for today is street crime.Being mugged is something that can happen to anyone – and it’s a very frightening e某perience. So it’s positive when you hear of someone who was attacked by a mugger and defeated them – especially when that person is a woman. Anna Black was attacked by a mugger. She’s here to tell us ab out it. How long ago did this happen, Anna?bit later than usual – I think it was about seven. I was on my mobile phone, talking to my husband.8。

大学英语第一册课文unit1简短英语大一下学期课本unit1(四篇)精选大学英语第一册课文unit1简短一精选大学英语第一册课文unit1简短四what college education means to me大学教育对我的意义the title of my speech is ”what college education means to me “.now reflecting on the past two and half years of my college experience, i come to realize how much it has shaped me.今日我演讲的题目是“大学教育对我的意义”。

回忆思考着逝去的两年半的大学生活，我慢慢熟悉到大学教育对我产生的巨大影响。

for me, college education is a marvelous ship-builder who designed me from kneel plates up.对我来说，大学教育如同一位技艺精湛的造船师，从船头至船尾地塑造了我。

with great vision, college education has equipped me, first with a powerful propeller----the sophisticated knowledge in certain field and wide exposure to other disciplines. by dedicating myself to the engineering courses in the day and immersing myselfin the rich banquet of the world literature at night, i”ve amassed the driving force for the future and enriched my soul.首先，具有远见卓识的大学教育为我装配了一只马力强劲的推动器;精深的专业学问及广博的课外学问给我带来无限动力。

大学英语课本文章背诵<i>适用于全新版大学英语综合教程</i>Unit1:Writing for myselfSuddenly I wanted to write about that ,about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wantedto put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle.it was a moment I wanted to recaptureand hold for myself. I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening , write it as I wanted, however,would violate all the rules of formal composition I learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would surelygive it a failing grade. Never mind, I would write something else for Mr. Fleagle after I had writtenthis thing for myself.When I finished it ,the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper,respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to turn in my tale of theBelleville supper. Two days pass before Mr. Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returnedeveryone’s but mine. I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediatelywhen I saw he lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class’s attentionUnit2(略)Unit3:Public attitude toward scienceWhether we like it or not, the world we live in has changed a great deal in the last hundredyeas, and it I likely to change in the next hundred. Some people would like to stop these changesand go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age. But as history show, the past was notthat wonderful. It is not to bad for a privileged minority, though even they had to do withoutmodern medicine, and childbirth was highly risky for women. But for the vast majority of thepopulation, life was nasty ,brutish and short.Anyway, eve n if one wanted to ,no can’t put the clock back to an earlier age. Knowledge andtechniques can’t be just forgotten. Nor can one prevent further advances in the future. Even if allgovernment money for research were cut off(and the present government is doing it best), theforce of competition would still bring about advances in technology. Moreover, one cannot stopinquiring mind from thinking about basic science ,whether they are paid for it. The only way toprevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and humaninitiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn’t succeed. All it would do is slow therate of change.Unit4:The American DreamAfter he pass away ,I thought more and more about Tony’s career. He grew in stature in mymind . In the end , I think he stood as tall, and as proud, as the greatest American industrialist.They are reached their success by the same route and by the same values and principal: vision,determination , self-control, optimism, self-respect and ,above all, integrityTony did not begin from the bottom rung of the ladder, he began in the basement. Tony ‘s affairwere tiny, the American industrialist’s affair were giant,. But ,a fter all, the balance sheets wereexactly the same. The only differences was where you put the decimal point.Tony Trivisonno came to America seeking the American Dream, but he didn’t find it .---hecreated for himself,. All he had were 24 precious hours a day, and he wasted none of them.Unit5:The company manAt the funeral, the sixty-year-old company president told the forty-year- old widow that thefifty-one-year old deceased had meant much to the company and would be missed and would behard to replace. The widow didn’t look him in the eye. She was afraid he would read herbitterness and, after all, she would need him to straighten out the finances--- the stock optionsand all that.。

适合大学生背诵的英语短文待屠夫转过身来，立刻注意到少了一块肉，便指控他们偷了肉。

但是，拿了肉的那个人说自己没有偷，而得到肉的那个人也说自己没有拿。

屠夫确信他们是在欺骗自己，但仅仅说了一句话：“你可以用谎言来欺骗我，但却骗不了神，他们不会这么轻易放过你的。

相互推诿等同于欺骗。

适合大学生背诵的英语短文：反裘负刍Once on his outing trip, Wei Wenhou saw a farmer waking with a buddle of firewood on his back and wearing his fur-lined jacket inside out.He asked the farmer, "Why do you wear your jacket inside out, carrying a bundle of wood?" "I like the furs of this jacket very much and I am afraid that the buddle may abrade the furs." The farmer answered."Don't you know that if the leather is damaged, how could the furs exist?" asked Wei Wenhou surprised.魏文侯在出外游玩途中，看见一个农夫反穿皮袄，毛朝里，皮板朝外，肩上扛着一捆木柴在路上走.就问他：“你为什么要反穿皮袄背柴呢?农夫说：“我很喜欢这件毛衣的毛，担心柴草把它磨坏了。

魏文侯惊讶地问：“你难道不知道如果皮被磨坏了，毛也不可能存在吗?如果这年多风，它就会把自己的巢从很高的大树顶上搬下来，移到低矮的树杈上。

这样一来，尽管风对鸟巢构不成威胁，但人为的灾难却接踵而至：大人路过时，常常将小鹊儿摸走;小孩可以轻易地爬上来，掏走鹊蛋。

Unit5 topic11 here’s Hel e n2 the same to you3look+adj:看起来…… 4 by 后不加冠词4 How do you (usuall y …) go to +地名I (usually)go to school by+交通工具 / take a(the)+交通工具 to school \ go to school on(in) 交通工具 (on foot=walk) 5 bus train foot bike plane boat —on ；car subway taxi ship —in 6 ship, subway 的冠词用the 其他用in7 I always come to school by bus iI never come to school by subway8 on weekdays 礼拜一至礼拜五，on weekends 礼拜六至礼拜七 9 the early bird catches the worm 早起的鸟儿有虫吃 ear bus 班车 10 at about six o ’clock about=around11 never<seldom<sometime<often<usually<always 频率副词 12 do one ’s homework 13 have classes 上课classes begin 开始上课 13 know about 了解 14 on school day 在上学期间 15 have a short rest 有短暂的休息时间 16 be over begin 17 eat out 出去吃饭 18 have ball games 举办球赛 19four(twice\once\three times) times a year 一年四(二\一\三)次 20 and so on 等等 21 listen to sth 22 work/study must come back 工作/学习必须为第一位 23 for a little while 24 be different from反义 反义1 be doing 正在进行时。

第一单元课文A 学习的过程1 我们今天之所以存在，人类文明之所以能不断进步，是因为我们有学习的能力。

我们必须长期重视这种观念，因为考虑到人类正在经历的各种问题，可以说我们仍然有许多东西要学。

2 人们到底是如何学习的？让我们暂且回顾一下一些基本常识。

3我们可以通过读书来学习。

作为一名学生或一位学者，你必须大量阅读。

然而人们能否真正地学以致用？4 除了年轻人似乎想以不同于老年人的方式学习之外，什么是学习成功的重要因素？学习必须是活跃的，必须回应人们之间的相互作用。

书籍或者旨在促进互相作用的自学录像，只能获得有限的结果。

5 借助计算机的培训法试图活跃学习过程，目前已经初见成效。

然而，它还是忽略了一个环节，我们的情绪。

如果我们不能开放自己，积极接受新信息，我们还不能丰富自己。

6 即使是学习具体的知识，我们也必须有感情投入。

只有当你受到刺激时，你才会有完成一系列复杂思考的渴望。

如果这种情况不出现，那么你仅仅是在完成任务而不是丰富你自己。

7 教师或培训者对你的印象会大大影响你的学习成效，所以你应该向你的老师、培训者和你自己积极表现你自己。

8 如果你真正喜欢学习提高，依赖自我反省的指导过程是非常重要微妙而又艰难的。

自我反省充满了由你的潜意识造成的陷阱。

回顾他人，他人的工作会由于偏见而被轻易地扭曲。

9 学习实际上是个“学习——忘掉——再学习”地过程。

这个过程看似一次变动，因而有时使人感到恐惧。

人们一般不喜欢变动，因为变动似乎意味着离开他们的根，这会使他们思想不稳定。

我们已经发现，稳定和自信对你自己是多么的重要。

10 “学习——忘掉——再学习”的过程是为了充实你自己。

充实意味着提高，提高意味着发生了变化。

让我们把这个连续的过程叫做进化。

11 通过进化，我们会越来越了解这个已经存在了千万年的世界。

通过进化，我们就会发现一个简单的事实，即我们还有很多东西要学。

第二单元课文A 记忆力的奥秘1 一些人有着非凡的记忆力。

根据2001年的吉尼斯世界纪录，德国的戈特·米纯只用四秒钟看27个数字列表就能记住所有数字。

山东大一下学期英语课本第四单元小作文The following is an essay about the fourth unit of the English textbook for the second semester of the first year in Shandong.Unit 4: Environmental ProtectionIn Unit 4 of the English textbook for the second semester of the first year at Shandong University, students are introduced to the topic of environmental protection. This unit aims to raise students' awareness of environmental issues and to encourage them to take action to protect the environment. The unit covers various topics related to environmental protection, including pollution, conservation, and sustainable development.One of the main focuses of this unit is the importance of reducing pollution. Students learn about the different types of pollution, such as air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution, and the impact that pollution can have on the environment and human health. They also learn about the causes of pollution, such as industrial emissions, vehicle emissions, and waste disposal, and the steps that can be taken to reduce pollution, such as using cleaner energy sources, reducing waste, and recycling.Another key topic in this unit is the importance of conservation. Students learn about the importance of protecting natural habitats, preserving endangered species, and conserving resources such as water, forests, and minerals. They also learn about the benefits of conservation, such as preserving biodiversity, ensuring a stable climate, and providing clean air and water.The unit also covers the concept of sustainable development, which involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Students learn about the importance of balancing economic development with environmental protection and social equity, and the role that individuals, communities, governments, and businesses can play in promoting sustainable development.In conclusion, Unit 4 of the English textbook for the second semester of the first year at Shandong University is an important and informative unit that highlights the importance of environmental protection. By studying this unit, students can gain a better understanding of environmental issues and the actions that can be taken to protect the environment and promote sustainable development. It is hoped that this unit willinspire students to become more environmentally conscious and to take action to protect the environment for future generations.。

Unit one 助人者得助18岁那年，我离开了在纽约布鲁克林的家，前往英国约克郡的利兹大学学习历史。

那是我人生中一段令人兴奋但又压力重重的日子，因为就在我试图适应陌生环境的同时，我仍沉浸在父亲去世的悲哀之中。

有一天，我正在市场上琢磨着哪束花最能扮靓我的宿舍，突然瞥见一位老先生又要拄拐杖又要拿一袋苹果，顾不过来。

我连忙跑过去帮他拿苹果，好让他重新站稳。

“姑娘，谢谢你！”他用好听的约克郡口音说道。

“这下我没问题了，”他说。

不仅仅是他的嘴，就连他那双跳动着的明亮的蓝眼睛也在向我微笑。

“我可以陪您走吗？”我问道，“我只是想确保那些苹果不会提前变成果酱。

”他大笑着说：“姑娘，你的家离这儿很远吧。

从美国来的，是吗？”“只是从其中一个州过来的，纽约。

”我和伯恩斯先生的友谊就此开始了。

他的微笑和热情很快将对我意味深长。

一路上，伯恩斯先生吃力地拄着他那粗大多节的拐杖。

到他家时，我帮他把包裹放在桌子上，并坚持帮他备“茶”——也就是他的晚餐。

他没有执意拒绝，我把这当成是对于我提供帮助的感激。

做好晚饭之后，我问他以后能否再来拜访他。

我打算时不时来看看他，看他是否需要什么。

他冲我眨了眨眼，微笑着答道：“我从来都不拒绝一个好心姑娘的提议。

”第二天，我几乎在同一时间又来到他家，再次帮他做晚饭。

那根粗大的拐杖地默默提醒着我他很虚弱。

虽然他从不主动要求帮助，但也从不拒绝。

就在那个傍晚，我们第一次进行了“推心置腹”的交流。

伯恩斯先生询问了我的学习、计划，而他问的最多的是我的家庭。

我告诉他，我的父亲最近刚刚去世，但是没有太多提及我们父女的关系。

听完我的讲述，他指了指椅子边的小桌子上放在相框里的两张照片。

照片上是两个不同的女人，一个比另一个年纪大很多。

但是，她们俩有着惊人的相似之处。

“那是玛丽，”他指着那位年长女人的照片说，“她已经走了6年了。

那是我们的艾丽斯，她是个很好的护士。

失去她对于我的玛丽来说打击太大了。

”听到这里，我流下了不曾为自己的痛苦而流过的眼泪。

大学英语教材必背篇目及解析一、Introduction to English Linguistics《Introduction to English Linguistics》（《英语语言学导论》）是大学英语教材中的一本重要篇目。

本书主要介绍了英语语言学的基本概念和理论，并深入探讨了语音学、语法学、语义学、语用学等多个方面的内容。

作者通过清晰的逻辑结构和简明的语言，向学习者介绍了英语语言的起源、发展和特点。

其中，语音学部分着重介绍了英语的音素、音节和发音规则，有助于学习者掌握标准英语的发音技巧。

语法学部分涵盖了英语句法和句子成分的分类，让学习者能够理解句子的结构和意义。

此外，语义学和语用学的内容帮助学习者更好地理解英语的词义和语境使用。

通过对《Introduction to English Linguistics》的学习，学生们将获得对英语语言学基本理论的全面理解，并能够在实际应用中灵活运用所学知识。

二、American Literature《American Literature》（《美国文学》）是一本介绍美国文化背景和文学作品的教材。

该教材以时代为线索，分为不同的章节，涵盖了从殖民时期到当代的重要文学作品。

在这本教材中，学习者可以阅读到美国文学的经典作品，如《老人与海》、《雾都孤儿》、《钢铁是怎样炼成的》等。

这些作品不仅展示了美国的文学风采，也反映了美国历史、社会和文化的发展。

同时，该教材还通过对不同文本的分析和解读，帮助学习者培养批判性思维和文学鉴赏能力。

学生们可以通过解析文学作品的情节、人物、主题等要素，深入理解作品的内涵和作者的写作意图。

《American Literature》不仅是一本教学用书，更是一扇了解美国文学和文化的窗口。

学生们可以通过对这些经典作品的学习，开拓视野，提升语言表达和理解能力。

三、English for Academic Purposes《English for Academic Purposes》（《学术英语》）是一本专注于提升学生学术英语能力的教材。

我从未见过克拉克夫人，但看过她的医疗记录和上一位值班医生交给我的报告后，我知道她今晚会去世。

她屋里唯一的光线来自一台医疗设备，它闪着红光，似乎在发出警告。

我站在那里，一股怪味刺激着我的鼻子，我想起了过去闻到过的腐烂的气味，我闭上了眼睛。

我嘴里有一股从胃里返上来的酸味。

我伸手去开灯。

灯静静地照亮了整个病房，我走回病床边，用无动于衷的、医生的目光观察着病人。

克拉克夫人已奄奄一息了。

她一动不动地躺着：骨瘦如柴的身体使她的头显得特别大；皮肤呈暗黄色，松松地裹在嶙峋的、连毛毯也遮掩不住的骨骼上；她的右臂平伸在床边，被无情地用胶带固定在一块板上，以便能固定针头使液体滴入；左臂横放在深陷的胸部，胸口随着不均匀的呼吸一起一伏。

我伸手去触摸她放在胸口的细长手指。

冰凉冰凉的。

我忙将手移到她的手腕，去感觉那微弱的脉搏。

克拉克夫人将头稍稍转向我，微微地睁开眼。

我俯过身去，勉强听见她微弱的声音：“水。

”我从桌上拿起一杯水，用手指封着吸管的一端，滴了几滴凉凉的水到她的嘴里，以缓解她的干渴。

她没有用力去吞咽，因为力气不够。

“还要，”那干涩的声音说。

于是我们又重复了一次。

这次她终于咽了一些，并轻轻说了声：“谢谢，你。

”她虚弱得没法交谈，因此没等她要求，我就开始做她所需要的。

我像抱孩子似的把她抱起来，给她翻了个身。

除了一件浅色的病号服，她什么也没穿。

她又小又轻，像遭受了严重饥荒一样。

我打开护肤霜的瓶盖，揩了一些在手心。

为了不伤着她，我小心翼翼地把护肤霜擦在她发黄的皮肤上。

她的皮肤松松地在骨头上滑动，背上每块骨头的轮廓都能清楚地摸到。

当我把枕头放在她两腿之间时，发现它们也是冰凉的，直到把手移到她膝盖以上的部位，我才感受到血液供给生命的热度。

而后，我挪了把椅子面朝她坐在床边，握住她那只没被固定的手，此时我又一次注意到她细长的手指。

很优雅。

一时间，我突然想知道她是否有家庭，接着我发现病房里没有花，没有孩子们画的彩虹和蝴蝶，也没有卡片。

1、She wouldn’t take a drink,much less would she stay for dinner.她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。

2、He thought I was lying to him,whereas Iwas telling the truth.她认为我在对他说谎，但是实际上我说的是实话3、How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week?这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？4、The increase in their profits isdue partly to their new marker strategy他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略.5、Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高6、We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project,so we have to carry on.我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。

1、Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family,she is never babied by her parents.尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她2、Mike didn’t come to the party last night,nor did he call me to give an explanation.迈克没来参加昨晚的晚会的聚会，也没给我打电话做出任何解释。

3、The person sitting next to him did publish some novels,but he is by no means a great writer.坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但绝不是什么大作家4、He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses.他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢5、The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题6、This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience.这是他第一次当着那么多的观众演讲1、You are never too experienced to learn new techniques.你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。

A Tale of Two Cities (excerpt)狄更斯在《双城记》一书的开头就说，“这是一个最好的时代，也是一个最坏的时代”。

妙哉斯言！这段文字中多个平行句所表达的希望与绝望、光明与黑暗、理想与现实一直深深地打动读者。

文中句型的反复、形式上的对偶、内容上的对比、总体结构上的平行（排比），都值得我们细细体味。

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it wasthe epoch of incredulity; it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going directto Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.——Charles Dickens[注释]：wisdom: a wise outlook, plan, or course of action 智慧，明智的行为，学识epoch: a particular period of history, especially one considered remarkable or noteworthy age, era, period 新纪元，时代，时期incredulity: the state or quality of being incredulous; disbelief 怀疑despair: to lose all hope 绝望，失望查尔斯·狄更斯（1812—1870），英国大名鼎鼎的作家，是19 世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表。

Unit 112 One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.美国人的立场可以概括起来这么说，我们比中国人更重视创新和自立。

我们两种文化的差异也可以从我们各自所怀的忧虑中显示出来。

中国老师担心，如果年轻人不及早掌握技艺，就有可能一辈子掌握不了；另一方面，他们并不同样地急于促进创造力的发展。

美国教育工作者则担心，除非从一开始就发展创造力，不然创造力就有可能永不再现；而另一方面，技艺可于日后获得。

13 However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon).但我并不想夸大其辞。