修辞格“转喻”与“提喻”的区别

6）以某物的商标代替该物
You drove your fancy Jaguar, and you took a lady friend. 你开了那辆华丽的“美洲虎”轿 车到那儿，还带了一位情妇去。 Did you see a Ford there?你看到那儿有一辆 “福特”牌汽车吗？
7）以穿着代替人
4）用人或物的显著特征代替人或物
• The blue eyes (= people with blue eyes) walked into the office.那些蓝眼睛走进了办 公室。 • Young people should have more respect for grey hairs (= the aged / old with grey hair). 年 轻人应该多尊重老年人。 • No cross, no crown. 没有苦就没有甜。
2) 以作者代其作品；以人体部分或器官代其功能
I have read some of Dickens and Scott and Thackeray (= some of the works by Dickens and Scott and Thackeray.) 我读过狄更斯、司各脱和萨克雷的一 些作品。 Have you ever read Dickens and Scott (= the works by Dickens and Scott)? 你读过狄更斯和司各脱的作品 吗？ My uncle prefers the Rembrandt to the Picasso. 我叔叔 喜欢伦勃朗特画的画，不喜欢毕加索画的画。
He keeps a good table. (= He provides good meals /food.)他的席面总是很讲究的。（他 能提供丰盛的饭菜。） • He is in his cups again. 他又喝醉了。 • Their five (= Their basketball team ) has won the game.他们队赢得了这场篮球赛。 • Please drink a cup or two. (= Please drink some tea, wine, etc.)请喝一两杯。
• The kettle (= The water in the kettle) is boiling over.壶开了。（壶中的水开了。） • The hearth /stove (= The fire in the hearth/stove) is burning brightly.炉燃得正旺。 （炉火燃得正旺。） • He set the room (= the people in the room) roaring with laughter.他使全屋子爆发出笑声。 （他使全屋的人笑起来。）
• The Pentagon （五角大楼）→ the US military establishment • Fleet Street （舰队街）→ the British press • Foggy Bottom （雾谷）→ the US State Department • Madison Avenue （麦迪逊大街）→ American advertising industry • Whitehall （白厅）→ the British government • Westminster （威斯敏斯特）→ the British Parliament or government
• She has a good ear (= the power of hearing) for music.她在音乐方面很有鉴赏力。 • He has a good eye (= the power of seeing) for beauty/ the picturesque. 他很会欣赏美（美的 东西）。 • She has a ready tongue (= the power of speech). 她口齿伶俐。
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
10）以具体代替抽象
• (1) 以人体器官代替其功能。如：
• I have his ear, of course. 当然他听我的话。（以具 体的ear代抽象的the sense of hearing.） • The colur is pleasant to the eye.这颜色很好看。 （以具体eye的代抽象的the sense of seeing.） • I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有 力气，而他们就利用我的力气赚钱。（以具体的 muscle代抽象的bodily strength. • Do you have the nerve (= cool courage) to do it?你敢 做这件事吗？
9)以某物的产地代替某物
• O Knight, thou lackest a cup of canary, when did I see you so put down? (Shakespeare : Twelfth Night ) 啊，骑士！你需一杯加那利酒，什么时候我看到 你这么沉默？（注：加那利白葡萄酒原产于加那 利群岛。） • Would you have a glass of champagne? 你喝杯香槟 酒好吗？（注：Champagne，法国东部一地区， 所产葡萄酒很著名，通常称香槟酒。）
• Downing Street （唐宁街）→ the British government or cabinet • The White House （白宫）→ the President or Executive branch of the US government • The Kremlin （克里姆林宫）→ the government of the Soviet Union • Wall Street （华尔街）→ U.S. Financial circles • Capital Hill （国会山）→ the legislative branch of the US government • Hollywood （好莱坞）→ American film-making industry
（2）某些表示人或事物的可数名词前加the，表示 人的特性、事物的功能、属性等。如：
• When I was listening to his fiery speech, I felt the patriot (= the patriotic feeling) rise within my breast.当我听到他的激昂的演讲时，我 的爱国心油然而生。 • He lives by the pen (= writing). 他以写作为生。 • He is at home in the saddle (=riding on a horse). 他的骑术很到家。
• We have several Turners (= pictures by Turner). 我们有几张特纳所做的画。 • Have you got a Hornby (= a copy of the dictionary by Hornby )? 你有一本荷恩毕编的 词典吗？ • I have never read Homer (= the poems of Homer). 我从未读过荷马的诗。
• Metonymy是用甲事物的名称代替乙事物
的名称，而甲、乙两事物在某一方面有着 密切的联系，但没有相似之点。当提到甲 事物时就自然联想到乙事物。换言之，它 是用与甲事物密切相关的乙事物来代替甲 事物。转喻使用恰当能产生幽默、含蓄、 讽刺等修辞作用。转喻是英语常用的修辞 格，仅次于明喻与隐喻。
1）以容器代其内容或以容器代其容器
5）以与甲事物密切相关的乙事物代替甲事物
• The camp (= the army), the pulpit (= the religion) and the law for rich men’s sons are free. 兵营，布道坛和法律保障有钱人的子 孙无忧无虑。 • She took the veil (= a nun’s head-covering) at 20. (= She became a nun at 20.) 她20岁开始 当尼姑。 • brought to / under the hammer (= the mallet used at auction) (= put to auction) 拿去拍卖
• He kept a fine stable. (= fine horses.) 他养了 些好马。 • He is fond of the bottle. (= the wine, liquor, etc. in the bottle.) 他喜欢喝酒。 • The whole village (= The people in the village) rejoiced at news. 全村的人听到这个 消息很高兴。 • The coat would be beyond his miserable pocket (= money). 他的钱少得可怜，买不起 那件大衣。
8）以某机关、团体所在地的名称代替该机关、团体
• Whitehall does not seem to care about this problem at all.看来英国政府对这个问题一点 也不关心。 • The White House immediately denied the story. 白宫立即对这一报导予以否认。 • Lights burn late in Foggy Bottom. 雾谷的灯光 亮至深夜。
英语易混修辞格
Metonymy
转喻
Metonymy: A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated; A figure of speech which consists in substituting for the name of a thing the name of an attribute of it or of something closely related.
3）以工具代其使用者或使用工具的结果
• The pen is mightier / stronger than the sword / gun. (= Those who use the pen have more influence than those who use the sword / gun.) 笔杆子比枪杆子厉害。 • His pen sways over half of the civilized world. (= His writings sway over half of the civilized world.) 他的作品影响着半个文明世界。
• Are we boys going to be beaten by a bunch of skirts (= girls in skirts)? 我们男孩子会被一些穿裙子的女 孩子打败吗？ • He succeeded to the crown (= royal office).他继承了 王位。 • The playground roared like a rodeo, … old boots, ragged stockings, torn trousers and skirts (= children dressed in such apparel) went skating and skidding around.游乐场好像竞技场一样，人声鼎沸，…… 穿着旧冰鞋，破长统袜，烂裙子的孩子门去滑冰、 垫木侧滑。