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what引导名词性从句的五种用法一、用法归纳1. 表示“……的东西或事情”：They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。
He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。
What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。
2. 表示“……的人或的样子”：He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？3. 表示“……的数量或数目”：Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
4. 表示“……的时间”：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
5. 表示“……的地方”：This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。
In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
What的用法总结What主要用于引导名词性从句，尽管没有在近年的高考真题语法填空中考查，但在改错题中考查过。
其用法总结为七种：1.What+主语+及物动词例句1：What he says is reasonable.解析：What he says是主语从句，what 在主语从句中作宾语。
例句2：It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe yourself.解析：本句意为“别人怎么看你，与你无关，相信你自己。
”其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是what other people think about you.2. what +主语+不及物动词/系动词+介词例句：The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like.解析：what each eyewitness looks like是宾语从句，what在从句中作介词like的宾语。
3. What + 主语+系动词例句1：He is not what he was ten years ago.解析：本句意为“他不再是十年前的他了。
”其中what he was是表语从句，what 在从句中作表语。
例句2：I’m not to blame, Mum. I am what you have made me.解析： what you have made me.是表语从句，what 在从句中作补语。
例句3：The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make what it is.解析： what it is是宾语从句，what 在从句中作表语。
4. What后接名词，作定语例句1：I gave him what books I had .解析： what books I had是宾语从句，what 在从句中作books的定语。
‘what’引导名词性从句的用法
1.当主句含有疑问意思，what在引导名词性从句时也含有疑问含义，它是连接代词，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语或定语
We don’t know what we should do.
我们不知道我们应该做什么。
The problem is what step we should take next.
问题是下面我们应该采取哪个步骤。
2. 当主句不含有疑问意思，what 在引导名词性从句时也不含有疑问含义，它是一个‘特殊关系代词’，表示一个不必要或不可说得十分具体的事，意思为‘the thing which’, 译成‘所。
的东西’。
在这种用法中，what 的含义具有泛指性，即what 的具体含义只表现在what引导的从句中。
We can draw the conclusion from what is said above.
我们可以从上面所说的话中得出结论。
This is what they did.
这就是他们所做的事。
从上述两例中可看出，what具有泛指性，what 什么都可以指，但在句中单从what 本身来考究是看不出来什么意思的，必修到what从句的动词去找。
所‘说’（said）当然是‘话’了，所‘做’的（did）当然是‘事情’了。
what引导的从句
what可以引导名词性从句
即：主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句。
1、what引导主语从句，what在句中作主语成分。
例句：
What really matter is that she wore a pair of white shoes. (what 做matters 的主语)
真正麻烦的是她穿了一双白鞋。
2、what引导宾语从句，what在句中作宾语成分。
例句：
People have heard what the Present has said; they are waiting to see what he will do. (what谓语动词heard的宾语）人们已经听到了总统所说的：他们正等着看总统会做什么。
3、what引导引导表语从句，what在句中作表语成分。
例句：
The little girl is no longer what she used to be. （what 做从句中的表语）
这个小女孩不再是过去的样子了。
4、what引导同位语从句，what从句跟在某些名词后面，用来解说前面的名词。
例句：
I have no idea what he is doing.（what从句是idea的同位语）我不知道他正在做什么.
You have no idea what I suffered. 你不知道我所遭受的痛苦。
What引导的名词性从句一、连接代词what引导的名词性从句what意思为“什么”，有疑问含义。
这种从句可以充当主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
现举例如下：1.充当主语从句What he meant is clear enough. 他是什么意思很清楚。
It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。
It is pretty well understood what controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.今天人们十分明白是什么控制着大气层内外二氧化碳的流动的。
2.充当宾语从句You don’t know what you are talking about. 你不知道你在说什么。
I think Father would like to know what I’ve been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note.我认为父亲想知道目前我在做什么，所以我决定给他发个短信。
He began to think about what he should do. 他开始考虑应当怎样做。
3.充当表语从句The question is what made him feel so nervous.问题是什么使他感到那么紧张。
What they wanted to find out is what had caused the accident.他们想弄清楚的是：是什么造成了事故？4.充当同位语从句Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?Then I had no idea what a casino was. 当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。
二、关系代词what引导的名词性从句关系代词what引导的名词性从句相当于“先行词+that引导的定语从句”，如：What he lacks ( = The thing that he lacks) is experience. 这类名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语从句、宾语从句和标语从句，但不可以充当同位语从句。
W HAT引导名词性从句的五种用法一.引导主语从句我们需要的是更多的时间。
W hat we need is more time.(what做need的宾语)真正重要的是她穿了一双白鞋。
W hat really matters is that she wore a pair of white shoes.w ore/w ɔːr/v . 穿（衣服等）；戴（首饰等）；装着（wear的过去式） pair /per/n . 一对，一双，一副v t. 把…组成一对(what做matters的主语)真正的阅读是拿起你想看的书。
W hat really matters is that you pick books which you want tor ead.真正重要的是她的信仰，以及麦凯恩为什么选择她。
W hat really matters is what she believes in and why McCains elected her.s elect /s ɪˈlekt/ v. 选择；（在计算机屏幕上）选定；（从菜单中）选取a dj. 精选的；（地点）仅供精英阶层专用的；有辨别能力的n . 被挑选者词根词缀： se-分离 + -lect-采集二.引导宾语从句很久以前当生活与现在的生活完全不同时，人们或许更诚实.P eople were perhaps more honest a long time ago when lifew as very different from what it is todayd ifferent from与…不同，不同于然而，我们这边的情况和欧洲是那样地不同。
A nd yet our case was so different from that of Europe.A nd yet 可是，然而.(what做从句中is的表语)人们已经听到了总统所说的；他们正等着看总统会做什么.P eople have heard what the President has said; they arew aiting to see what he will do.(what分别做动词heard和see的宾语)三.引导表语从句是否能找到阻止污染的方法就是所令民众担心的事儿.W hether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is justw hat worries the public.w orries /'w ʌr ɪs/ n. 忧虑，担心；烦恼v . 担心；困扰（worry的单三形式）p ublic/ˈp ʌbl ɪk/a dj. 公众的；政府的；公用的；公立的n . 公众；社会；公共场所w orries about(what做从句中的主语) 我们需要的就是再多一些时间。
what引导名词性从句用法What在从句中作成分（主语、宾语、表语,同位语），有实意。
1. 表示“……的东西或事情”：1）They’ve donated what they have to help the poor girl.2）On stepping into his room, he was astonished to find the floor covered with what looked like tiny insects. 3）What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.(2021全国卷)2. 表示“……的人或的样子”：1）China is no longer what it used to be.2）He is what is generally called a hero.3）Who made Fred what he is now?3. 表示“……的数量或数目”：1）Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.2）The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.4. 表示“……的时间”：1）After what seemed a long time , he suddenly thought of it .2）The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed a century.5. 表示“……的地方”：1）In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America.2）After months of voyage ,Columbus arrived in what later proved to be a new continent.3）A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.翻译练习1.What concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvest and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.2.What matters is not only what scientists observe in the world around them and wha t questions they ask, but also how they use evidence or data to answer the questions that they ask.3.What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.4.At first , Xie Lei had no idea wha t she should say,but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after she had been in London for a few weeks.5.What made her success later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.6.We’re going to build what I’m sure is the largest lantern and lights festival this year.7.I consider the dictionary what is the most useful to my English study.8.No one really knows when the first people arrived in what we know as California.9.What I know for sure is that what you give comes back to you.。
what引导名词性从句的五种用法一、用法归纳1. 表示“……的东西或事情”相当于the things that…：例如：They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。
He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。
What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。
2. 表示“……的人或的样子”相当于the person that…。
如：He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的3. 表示“……的数量或数目”相当于the amount/number that…。
如：：Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
4. 表示“……的时间”相当于the time that…例如：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
5. 表示“……的地方”相当于the place that…。
如：This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。
In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界。
二、用法说明(1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。
正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like.误：You can have everything what you like.(2) 有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。
He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
(3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词：误：I gave him what book I had.(4) What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。
注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。
如：I spent what time I had with her. 我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。
I spent what little time I had with her. 我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。
专项练习题1. ___________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. ( 98 )2. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule:Always give the money exactly ___he wants.3. Tom is greatly different from ________ he was when he was young.ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related to_______was eaten.is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad.6. Do you know ________A. what is this used forB. what this is used forC. which this is usedD. that this is used for7. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.A. That…that you had expectedB. What …that you had expectedC. That…wh at you had expectedD. What…what you had expected8. He said that he was fond of ________.A. what beautiful isB. beautiful is whatC. what is beautifulD. what it is beautiful9. The poor young man is ready to accept _______ help he can get.10. We gave him ________ help we could.11. Now we can see _____ problem the population is .A. a what seriousB. such serious aC. how serious aD. so a seriousknow little about the young lady except________you told me.know nothing about her except________she is from Canada.14. ---Why does the seaside here draw tens of thousands of tourists every summer ---I think warm sunshine and soft sands make _____ it is.15. Thinking _______ you know _______ in fact you don’t is a terrible mistake.16. Yesterday my brother drove his car down the street at ___ I thought was a dangerous speed.17. People are trying hard to protect and record ______ is left of the Aboriginal （土著居民的）language.18. The way he did it was different ________ we were used to.19. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _____our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved ________.little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earnsD. with little she earns21. After five hours’ drive, they reached ________ they thought was the place they’dbeen dreaming of .A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where22. I just don’t understand_______ that preven ts so many Americans from being ashappy as one might expect.A .why it does B. what it does C. why it is D. what it is23. Loulan city is not at all _______a traveler who has never seen the desert before can expect.24. I think that this meal was well worth ________ was charged for it.25. Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at ____ he thought was a reasonable price.26. What is learned in books can not have the same deep effect on a child’s character______ is learned through experience.With复合结构的用法小结一、 with结构的构成1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
6 with或without-名词/代词+名词下面分别举例：1、 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词作伴随状语）2、With the meal over， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
