概括大意与完成句子--职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第三部分讲义2

职称英语--概括大意与完成句子复习概括大意与完成句子在试卷的第三部分，1篇短文（300-450词），题目分两部分一是概括大意，二是完成句子。

一共8分每小题1分。

概完的理论性解题技巧：1)读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇，正确答案常常是主题句的改写。

读每段话时，并不是该段话全要仔细阅读。

这样，既浪费时间，也不容易抓住重点。

应该抓住该段话的主题句。

2)如果主题句比较复杂（如复合句），应重点看主句部分。

有时主题句是比较复杂的复合句，如果理解有困难，应集中精力看主句部分，正确答案应来自主句。

主题句中，常常有如下的句式：Although／While／Despite／Despite the fact …，中文意思是：“虽然……，但是……”。

前面是个让步状语从句，后面是主句，要说明的观点在主句中。

3)如果主题句中有show和suggest等词，应重点看其后的宾语从句。

show，suggest是“表明”、“说明”的意思，其后的宾语从句往往是要说明的观点，是该段话的主旨。

4)如果主题句是not only … but also句型，应重点看but also后面的部分。

not only ... but also的意思是“不仅……而且……”，常用来承上启下。

not only后面的部分是“承上”，即上一段的主旨，but also后面的部分是“启下”，即本段话的主旨。

所以，应重点看but also后面的部分。

5)问句不会是主题句。

问句通常作为引题，是过渡性的句子。

所以，在做Headings题时，如果某个段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句的问句，应该忽略，不用阅读，肯定不是主题句。

6)举例子的句子不会是主题句.。

英文文章讲究以理服人，经常用例证即举个例子来论述自己的观点。

所以，在阅读文章中，经常有以Forexample开始的句子。

请同学们注意，举例子的句子是用来解释说明观点的，它不会是段落的主题句。

所以，在做Headings题时，如果某个段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句是举例子的句子，应该忽略，不用阅读，肯定不是主题句。

职称英语考试综合类备考练习之概括大意1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations (康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12~C than when kept at 26~C. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), called respiration (呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colour. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? Bycontrolling respiration How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature We know that respiration produce heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 4% solution) be added to each litre of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.1 Paragraph 22 Paragraph 33 Paragraph 44 Paragraph 5A Control of RespirationB Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC Role of RespirationD Most Important Aspect of Flower CareE Need for Clean WaterF Ways of Stopping Respiration5 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers6 Respiration plays a key role7 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down8 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers isA by keeping its original shape and colourB in the life of cut flowersC to produce carbon dioxideD for as long as possibleE by controlling temperatureF to replace the water and solution every day参考答案：DCAED BEF更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。

第三部分概括大意与完成句子第一篇More Than8Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing1Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.2Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up19or10hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as a number of other sleep problems,than people who sleep8hours a night People who slept only7hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than8-hour sleepers.23These findings,which Dr Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine3,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside4 more than8hours a night He added that“it might be a good idea”for people who sleep more than8hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed,but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.4Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep—for instance,one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than7hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.5For the current report,Kripke reviewed the responses of1,004adults to sleep questionnaires,in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep,and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning5.6Kripke found that people who slept between9and10hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept8hours In an interview,Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed As evidence,he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed“It stands to reason6that if a person spends too long a time in bed,then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake,”he said.词汇：refresh/r?’fre?/v．（使）精力恢复questionnaire/,kwest??’ne?(r)/n．问卷psychosomatic/,sa?k??s?’m?t?k/adj．（指疾病）由精神压力引起的fatigue/f?’ti:g/n．疲劳caution/’k?:??n/v．警告insomnia/?n’s?mn??/n．失眠habitually/h?’b?tj??l?,-t??-/adv．习惯地注释：1．clock up：时间达到2．they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than8-hour sleepers：falling和feeling都是说明trouble的。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)考查考生把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。

本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，有2项测试任务：(1)短文后有6个段落小标题，要求考生根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题;(2)短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求考生在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。

概括大意与完成句子答题技巧：此部分考察对文章的理解程度，答题时可先快速浏览全文，了解全文的主旨，然后围绕主旨去分析每一段的意思，保证意思理解不会偏离主旨，这样就完成概括大意。

完成句子在于根据上下文意思，补充句子，抓住主旨，找到最贴近主旨和上下文的内容，补充即可。

How We Form First lmpression 对别人的第一印象是怎样形成的We all have first impression Of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about Someone without really knowing anything about him or her -aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as differene1.In fact，your brain continuously process incoming sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming "signals" are compared against2 a host of "memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals " mean" .If you see someone you know and like at school3，your brain says "familiar and safe. " If you see someone new，it says，"new-potentially，threatening". Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other " known" memories. The height ，weight，dress ，ethnicity ，gestures ，and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics ，the more your brain may say，This is new. I don't like this person". Or else，"I'm intrigued" . Or yourbrain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends;so your brain says: "I like this person" . But these preliminary "impressions" can be deadwrong4When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest，values，strengths，and true character - we categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks.However，if we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreams，and become aware of the person's character，we use a different，more mature style of thinking- and the most complex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane.词汇:trait /trei，treit/n. 特点，特征，特性host n. 一大群，许多simplistic /sim'plistik/ adj. 过分单纯化的sensory adj. 感官的，感觉的categorical adj. 绝对的cortex n. 脑皮层Jock n. 骗子ethnicity n. 种族特点geek /gi:k / n. 反常的人intrigue /in'tri:g/ v. 激起兴趣stereotype v. 对……产生成见freak /fri:k/ n. 怪人humane /hju:'mein，hju-/ adj. 有人情味的，人文的注释:1. Your brain，is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes ，ears ，nose ，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. 从even 开始到as different 是个结果状语从句，相当于that even very minor ... ，而that 是与主句中的so 呼应的。

第三部分概括大意和完成句子阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后有两项测试任务（1）第1～4题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定的四段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5～8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

第十一篇The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World1 Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever1 built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease.2 The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in a carbon nanotube. One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one. The small droplet grows — but never gets as big as the other droplet — and eventually bumps into the large droplet. As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke2.3 The technique exploits the fact that surface tension — the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating — becomes more important at small scales3. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water.4 Although the amount of energy produced is small — 20 microwatt s — it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor4. The whole setup5 is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine6, it would be too million time s more powerful than a Toyota Camry’s 225 horsepower V6 engine.5 In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micromotor, which was 100 microns across7, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettl’s group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory.6 Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision a day when nanomachines, powered by nanomotors, travel inside your body to find disease and repair damaged cells.词汇: shuffle /5FQfl/v.来回运动nanometer /5neinE7mi:tE/n.纳米，毫微米molten /5mEultEn/adj.熔化的micromotor n.微电机droplet /5drCplit/n.小滴nanotube n.纳米管roycvnoconan n.纳米传送带nanotechnology n.纳米技术bump /bQmp/v.碰撞mimic / 5mimik/n.模仿sop /sCp/v.吸入stroke /strEuk/n.行程，冲积microwatt /5maikrEuwCt/n.微瓦nanomotor n.纳米发动机nanomachine n.纳米机器注释:1. ever:比以往任何时候，曾经。

一个中心两条路线------------------概括大意和完成句子一、课程回顾和本课学习目的课程回顾之概括大意：1、中心句为主，标题为辅，横纵两向都不误。

中心句为主：中心句是决定答案的关键。

答案是根据中心句而来的，是和中心句对等的。

我们要根据中心句的意思来选择题目答案，这是横向的解题步骤，也是最关键的。

标题为辅：标题可以告诉我们的是文章的行文脉络。

尤其是对于一些说明文，像是卫生类的疾病类文章，理工类得说明类文章。

其次，这一解题的形式还对综合类的人物传记文章有很大的用处。

因为这些文章所讲的内容是可以预见的，比如理工类的说明文，肯定是定义—工作原理—功能—不好的一面。

有时可能中间会插入与历史上其他同类产品相比较的叙述。

这些都是可以帮助我们在不好找中心句时，依靠自己对于行文脉络的掌握，从选项内容进行判断的答案的纵向解题形式。

2、英语文章常见的写作方式：第一种写作方式：开门见山。

这种方式在职称英语中占得比重最多。

第二种写作方式：声东击西，看似说A实际说的是B。

声东击西式又分为“峰回路转”和“抛砖引玉”。

第三种写作方式：归纳总结式，全文没有明显的中心句。

以综合类的文章为主，主要表现就是全段都是某人说的话。

课程回顾之完成句子：1、完成句子的两条路线。

路线一：与顺序出题为伴：借助顺序出题来解答题目。

根据完成句子的特殊性：四个正确的选项均来自原文但却不具有密切相关性，不具有干扰性；其他的两项由于职称英语考试的特点通常也不具有干扰性。

路线二：题干选项两手抓路线：利用选项信息词回归到原文中出题范围，找到出题的句子。

然后将句子和选项进行对比，看哪一项的单词有和题目句子中的单词有重合的，就是答案。

2、完成句子的辅助锦囊：以概括大意为突破点，解决完成句子题目。

课程目的：本节课主要是帮助大家熟悉技巧的使用，以2010年的真题为实例验证前面所讲技巧的使用性。

使大家对于技巧的应用有一个更全面的认识和了解。

能够更好的使用技巧。

年职称英语综合类教材概括大意与完成句子【篇一：年职称英语(综合类)教材概括大意与完成句子】2014年教材于11月15日发行，网校为考生们搜集整理了综合类新版教材新增部分内容，以供大家参考。

第十三篇ward off1 travel bugs1 as the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect ofjet lag, an upset stomach or sunburn2. with care and somehelp from natural sources, however, it is quite possible toavoid these problems.2 you can start to prepare a couple of weeks before you leave. food poisoning will make any holiday miserable, but by taking some medicine such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria3, you can reduce the likelihood of succumbing to4 poisoningbrought on5 by food or water tainted with unfamiliar bacteria.3 by improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you crowd out the pathogenic bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold.6 the beneficial bacteria also produce gentle but effective natural antibiotics in your gut.4 in many holiday locations you need to remember the basics: drink bottled water, avoid undercooked meat and ensure that food hygiene is adequate. if you do succumb to food poisoning, drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and see a doctor. however，if you detect diarrhea early enough, youmight like to try taking about 10 or 15 pancreatic digestive enzymes, which can digest the multiplying bacteria before they take over.5 taking a teaspoon of silicol gel7 can also help. this lines the stomach and upper intestinal area and binds with bacteria and viruses，allowing them to be safely passed out of the gut.when you pack, include grapefruit-seed extract8, which is an excellent all-round anti-bacterial, anti- parasitic，anti-viral and anti-fungal agent.6 your flight can also be made more pleasant. peppermint oiland ginger capsules9 ward off motion sickness，but a moredelicious option is to nibble on crystallized ginger. if you tend to get earache on take-off and landing，you can use special earplugs with filler that slows down the rate of change in air pressure.7 the greatest concern is economy class syndrome , the popular name for deep-vein thrombosis, which can lead to blood clots traveling from the legs to the lungs, heart or brain. to reduce this, you need a couple of hours to stay hydrated, and avoid alcohol.8 you can also reduce the severity of inflammation by taking a daily gram of vitamin c with the bioflavonoid quercetin10. vitamin c and quercetin also help to reduce prickly heat.9 finally, if any adverse symptoms persist while overseas, you should see a doctor.词汇：bug n．臭虫；病菌；病毒diarrhea n．腹泻taint v．感染；污染pancreatic adj．胰腺的antibiotic n．抗生素option n．选择jet lag (跨时区高速飞行后）生理节奏的破坏，飞行时差反应anti-parasitic adj．抗寄生虫的anti-fungal adj．抗真菌的，杀真菌的nibble vt．一点点地咬下pathogenic adj．病原的；致病的；发病的thrombosis n．血栓anti-viral adj．抗病毒的hydrate v．保持水分。

职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（2）职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（2）职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（2）1.paragraph 3 ____2.paragraph 4 ____3.paragraph 5 ____4.paragraph 6 ____a.rich resources of the stateb.connections with the outside worldc.transportation problemd.the natives of the lande.cold climatend and populationresource资源connection联系native 本地人climate 气候1.in 1959 americans welcomed alaska into the union as the 49th state, symbolizing a change of attitude from that held in 1867, when the peninsula was purchased from russia. then,most americans had little interest in 1,500,000 square kilometers of icebergs and polar bears －beyond canada's western borders, far from the settled areas of the united states.2.in those sections of the state which lie above the arctic circle, alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears. ice masses lie buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters. from early may until early august, the midnight sun never sets on this flay, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.3.alaska is america's largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. according to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated.问题：1.paragraph 3____f__答案：nd and population4.arctic alaska has been the home of eskimos for countless centuries. it is believed that the eskimos moved there from mongolia or siberia, probably crossing bering strait, named for vitus bering, the danish sea captain who discovered alaska on his voyage for russia in 1741. the eskimos are the state'searliest known inhabitants. russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time alaska was sold to the united states, most of the traders had departed.eskimo爱斯基摩人countless无数的, 数不尽的问题：2.paragraph 4____d__答案：d.the natives of the land5.in 1896 gold was discovered near the klondike river in canada just across the alaskan border. thousands of americans rushed to the region on their way to klondike; some never returned. alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. there are only two motor routes from the us mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages.问题：3.paragraph 5____c__答案：c.transportation problem6.the gold that changed life so suddenly for alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of american literature, the gold from alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from alaskan waters. the fish caught in a single year rangein value from $90 million. fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. after fishing, the state's chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. in recent years, alaska's single most important resource has become oil. the state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals.deposit存储coal煤copper铜gold金子mineral矿产问题：4.paragraph 6____a__答案：a.rich resources of the state正确答案：fdca5.for as long as three months of a year, the sun ______ on the ice-covered land of alaska.a.as fish doesb.because of its rich natural resourcesc.by the united states in the 19th centuryd.shines day and nighte.only a very small percentagef.a limited amount of the gold found thereshine照耀答案：d shines day and night6.according to statistics, ______ of the total area of alaska has been used for farming.statistic统计percentage n 百分比答案：e only a very small percentage7.alaska as originally part of russia, but was bought______.originally原来be+bought（buy）+by答案：c by the united states in the 19th century8.gold did not bring to alaska as much wealth______.as asso asso as thatso that答案：a as fish does答案：deca职称英语考试题目中综合类概括大意与完成句子（2）相关内容:。

2020年职称英语真题及答案综合类C概括大意第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23——30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5 段每段选择1个标题；（2）第27——30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个选项。

Feed the World with Potatoes1. As food prices continue to rise rapidly,there is growing concern about the effect it will have among the world’s poor.2. Increasingly, experts are looking to thepotato as a possible low-cost solution to feeding the hungry. To emphasize the issue, the United Nations has called the potato “a hidden treasure” and named 2008 the International Yearof the Potato. Here’s how potatoes could end the food crisis.3. The potato matures more quickly, on less land and in harsher climate than most other major crops. Up to 85 percent of the plant is eatable, compared with around 50 percent of cereals. Its broad adaptability to a wide variety of farming systems is also note worthy.4. Potatoes are an excellent source of complex carbohydrates, which is release their energy slowly, and have only 5 percent of wheat’ s fat content. They contain only a quarter of the calories of bread and,according to the Potato Center, when boiled, potatoes have more protein and nearly twice the calcium as corn. Additionally, they are good source of vitamin C, iron, potassium（钾）and zinc(锌).5. The food and Agriculture Organization recently surveyed food price inflation in over 70 of the poor countries. Cereal price inflation was much higher and far more widespread than for potatoes. A significant factor behind the potato’ s affordability is the fact that unlike other agriculture products, the potato is not yet a global commodity, and has therefore not attracted speculative investors. Raw potatoes are heavy and carrot during transmit, so global trade has been show to take off. Also, potatoes are susceptible（易受影响的） to infection with disease, hindering(防碍) export. According to analysts’ estimates, less than 5 percent of potatoes are traded internationally, with prices driven primarily by local tastes instead of international demand.23. Paragraph 2__B___24. Paragraph 3__D___25. Paragraph 4__C___26. Paragraph 5__A___A. Potatoes’ Lower InflationB. Major Food CropsC. Healthy FoodD. Higher OutputE. Growing Importance of PotatoesF. High Price27. The potato is cheap because E28. The whole world is concerned about food prices because B29. Many peopleeat potatoes because C30. The potato isnot yet a global commodity because FA. it has remained a controversial issueB. they are rising rapidlyC. they are very nourishingD. nobody eats itE. its yield is highF. raw potatoes can decay easily during transit。

【2013职称英语】综合类概括大意与完成句子题目和译文word汇总概括大意与完成句子目录第一篇The Making of a Success Story第二篇The Paper Chase第三篇English and English Community第四篇Alaska第五篇Why Does Food Cost So Much第六篇How We Form First Impression第七篇How to Argue with Your Boss第八篇Earthquake第九篇Transport and Trade第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language .*第十一篇Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing*第十二篇Intelligence: a Changed View+第十三篇Screen Test.+ 第十四篇Heartbeat of America+ 第十五篇Smoke Gets in Your MindThe Making of a Success Story1 IKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer, and man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs . Born in Sweden in 1926 , Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child , he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches ,seeds ,and pencils in his community .When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades .Naturally he used it to start up a business-IKEA.2 IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.)and the place where he grew up (`E` and `A`). Today IKEA is known for its modern , minimalist furniture , but it was not a furniture company in the beginning .Rather, IKEA sold all kind of miscellaneous goods ,Kamprad's ware included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices ,including watches ,pens and stockings .3 IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home. Initial sales were very encouraging , so Kamprad expanded the product line . Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.4 In 1953 IKEA opend its first showroom in Almhult ,Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture in attractive settings ,but in the early 1950s ,people ordered from catalogues ,Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelming:people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it . This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive .By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture .inspired .The man had given him a great idea :flat packaging . Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers .IKEA tried it and sales soared . The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves ,but over time ,evem this grew into an advantage for IKEA . Nowadays ,IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency .This image has done wonders for the company ,leading to better sales and continued expansion.6 Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries .Amazingly ,Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-help company .In 2004 he was named the world's richest man , He currently lives in Switzerland and is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself , though ,just keeps on growing.1. Paragraph 2 ____.2. Paragraph 3 ____.3. Paragraph 4 ____.4. Paragraph 5 ____.A. Ingvar Kamprad – a born businessmanB. Success brought by the introduction of showroomsC. The origin of IKEAD. Specialization in selling furnitureE. Flat packaging – a feature of IKEAF. World-wide expansion of IKEA5. Even when he was only a child, ____.6. ____, and years later became a big company specialized in manufacturing and selling of furniture.7. Customers liked the idea of IKEA‘s showrooms because ____.8. As flat packaging saves money for both IKEA and the customers, ____.A. IKEA began as a small store selling all kinds of cheap things.B. it is highly welcomed by bothC. Ingvar Kamprad showed interest in and talent for doing business.D. he lives happily in retirementE. here they can see and try the furniture they are going to buy.F. Ingvar successfully manages the company all by himself答案与题解：CDBECAEB第二篇The Paper Chase1. "Running a house is lot like running a business." says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips:2. Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you can't devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work. whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room.3. When in doubt, throw it out, the first step to implementing a workable filling system is to eliminate paper you don't use, don't need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings you'll never have an opportunity to use or even read.4. Set aside two days a month to pay bills, if a monthly due date doesn't fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date, keep two manila folders at the front of your system for current bills — one to correspond with each bill-paying day — and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case the invoice never arrives or gets misplaces.5. Think of your filling system not as a rigid tool, but as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs. A good filling system is both mentally and physically flexible, everyone's needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yourself: "Where would I look for this?" Create main headings for your filling system, such as investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.练习：1. Paragraph 2 __________2. Paragraph 3 __________3. Paragraph 4 __________4. Paragraph 5 __________5. Stephanie Denton is expert ____________________.6. You can put your file cart anywhere you like, on condition ____________________.8. "Mentally flexible" indicates the fact ____________________.AEFCBCAD第三篇English and English Community1. There is no denying that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England. Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.2. A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.3. We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups : one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.4. English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language. English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.5. Learning second language extends one‘s vision and expands the mind. The h istory and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.练习：1.Paragraph 2 ___________2.Paragraph 3 ___________3.Paragraph 4 ___________4.Paragraph 5 ___________A. The Wide Use of EnglishB. Historical Account of English and Its CommunityC. The Advantages of Learning a Second LanguageD. The Composition of the English CommunityE. The Threat That English Poses to Other LanguagesF. The Definition of a Speech Community5.Only through the shared language_______.6. The idea of the national boundaries is often different from_______.7. Speakers are classified into two groups_______.8. An understanding of English_______.A. that of a speech communityB. can a speech community be formedC. in order to learn English betterD. for the sake of simplicityE. has played an important role in the field of educationF. is widely used in several areas of public activity答案与题解：FDACBADE第四篇AlaskaIn 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state，symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867，when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then，most Americans had little interest in 1，500，000 square kilometers ―of icebergs and polar bear‖-beyond Canada s western borders，far from the settled areas of the United States.In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle，Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bear. Ice buried in the earth，which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters，From early May until early August，the midnight sun never sets on this flat，treeless region，but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.Alaska is America s largest state，but only about 325，000 people live there. According to estimates，800，000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640，000 hectares are being cultivated.Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia，probably crossing Bering Strait，named for Vitus Bering，the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state s earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but，by the time Alaska was sold to the United States，most of the traders had departed.In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousand of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike；some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again，although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the U.S mainland，and within the state，every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers，mail and freight to the most distant villages.The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended，and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature，the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaska waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $ 90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams，and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing，the state s chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years，Alaska s single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal，copper，gold and other minerals.1. Paragraph 3________2. Paragraph 4_________3. Paragraph 5_________4. Paragraph 6_________A）Rich resources of the stateB）Connections with the outside worldC）Transportation problemD）The natives of the landE）Cold climateF）Land and population5. For as long as three months of a year，the sun ________ on the ice-covered land of Alaska.6. According to statistics，_________ of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.7. Alaska was originally part of Russia，but was bought _______.8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth__________A. as fish doesB. because of its rich natural resourcesC. by the United States in the 19th centuryD. shines day and nightE. only a very small percentageF. a limited amount of the gold found there.KEY：FDCADECA第五篇Why Does Food Cost So Much1. In 1959 the average American family paid $989 for a year's supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $1,311. That was a price increase of nearly one-third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible?2. Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer's share of the $1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was $521. This was 31 per cent more than the farmer had received in 1959.3. But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food co ntainers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. They are among the ―middlemen‖ who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?4. Of the $1, 311 family food bill in 1972, middlemen received $790, which was 33 per cent more than they hadclaim that the middleman's actual profit was very low. According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one per cent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than 5 per cent. By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices.5. Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don't want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market.6. Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several ―TV dinners‖ are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals, consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes desert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. Thus, as economists point out: ―Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the foo d processor's plant. ‖7. Economists remind us that many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day's work. She wants to bu y many kinds of food that can be put on her family's table easily and quickly. ―If the housewife wants all of these.‖ the economists say, ―that is her privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of those who make her work easier.‖8. It appears that the answer to the question of rising prices is not a simple one. Producers, consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs.练习：1. Paragraph 3 ______________2. Paragraph 4 ______________3. Paragraph 5 ______________4. Paragraph 6 ______________A. The Cost of ConvenienceB. A Surprising Answer Given by the EconomistsC. The Effect of InflationD. Middlemen‘s Limited Share in the Additional ProfitE. Farmers‘ Denial of Increased ProfitF. Housewives' Need to Find Jobs5. Many people agree that food prices have increased sharply but they have failed _____________.6. The farmers have not been benefited very much ______________.7. Housewives have to pay for the time they save ______________.8. The economists have come to the conclusion that the cause of increased food prices lies in ________________________.A. Nor have the middlemenB. to increase the prices for foodC. that they cannot agree on the causes of the increase in pricesD. to agree on the reasons for the increaseE. by buying prepared food答案与题解•r e D B A D A E F第六篇How We Form First Impression1 We all have first impression Of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about Someone without really knowing anything about him or her -aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as differene1.In fact，your brain continuously process incoming sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming "signals" are compared against2 a host of "memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals " mean" .3 If you see someone you know and like at school3，your brain says "familiar and safe. " If you see someone new，it says，"new-potentially，threatening". Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other " known" memories. The height ，weight，dress ，ethnicity ，gestures ，and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics ，the more your brain may say，This is new. I don't like this person". Or else，"I'm intrigued" . Or yourbrain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends;so your brain says: "I like this person" . But these preliminary "impressions" can be dead wrong44 When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest，values，strengths，and true character - we categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks.5 However，if we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreams，and become aware of the person's character，we use a different，more mature style of thinking- and the most complex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane.1. Paragraph 2_____2. Paragraph 3_____3. Paragraph 4_____4. Paragraph 5_____A Ways Of Departure from Immature and Simplistic ImpressionsB Comment on First ImpressionC Illustration Of First ImpressionD Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against MemoriesE Threatening Aspect of First ImpressionsF Differences Among Jocks，Geeks and Freaks5. Sensory information is one that is perceived through_____.6. You interpret _____ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking，which is similar to_____.8. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_____.A a stranger's less mature type of thinkingB the most complex areas of our cortexC the immature form of thinking of a very young childE the sights and sounds of the worldF an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking答案与题解：D C B AE D C B第七篇How to Argue with Your BossBefore you argue with your boss, check with the boss‘s secretary to determine his mood. If he ate nails for breakfast, it is not a good idea to ask him for something. Even without the boss‘s secretary, there are keys to timing: don‘t apAproach the boss when he‘s on deadline‘; don‘t go in right before lunch, when he is apt to be distracted and rushed; don‘t go in just before or after he has taken a vacation.If you‘re mad, that will only make your boss mad. Calm down first. And don‘t let a particular concern open the floodgates for all your accumulated frustration. The boss will feel that you think negatively about the company and it is hopeless trying to change your mind. Then , maybe he will dismiss you.Terrible disputes can result when neither the employer nor the employee knows what is the problem the other wants to discuss. Sometimes the fight will go away when the issues are made clear. The employee has to get his point across clearly in order to make the boss understand it.Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more. If you can‘t put forward an immediate solution, at least suggest how to approach the problem . People who frequently present problems without solutions to their bo sses may soon find they can‘t get past the secretary.To deal effectively with a boss, it‘s important to consider his goals and pressures. If you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss, then he will be naturally more inclined to work you to achieve your goals.练习：Paragraph 2________Paragraph 3________Paragraph 4________Paragraph 5________A. Keep Your Voice Low All the TimeB. Put Yourself in the Boss‘s PositionC. Propose Your SolutionD. Don‘t Go in When You are AngryE. Make the Issue ClearF. Never Give inIf you want to ask the boss for anything, it is important to find out first________.It is necessary to make clear to the boss____________It is not wise to present the boss with a problem___________You must be considerate and think of the troubles__________A. to give the boss your adviceB. how he is feelingC. the boss may haveD. what you really want to talk to him aboutE. without suggesting a way to solve itF. how unhappy you are答案与题解：D E C B B D E CEvery year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vest amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately，however，not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale，which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons，two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth s crust and continental drift.In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes，scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record，for example，shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time，location and size of an earthquake.Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals，the changes in the content of mineral water，etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.EXERCISE：1. Paragraph 2_____.2. Paragraph 3_____.3. Paragraph 4_____.4. Paragraph 5_____.A Earthquakes forecastB Historical records of earthquakesC Intensities of earthquakesD Cause of earthquakesE Indications of earthquakesF Damaging earthquakes5. Not all damage during an earthquake is caused ____.6. Not all earthquakes are strong enough ___.7. Scientists have been working hard to warn people ___.8. Earthquakes can be predicted by observing ___.A by the quake itselfB not be preventedC to cause damage of property and loss of livesD of a possible earthquakeE the unusual behaviors of some animalsF the strong behaviors of human beingsKEY：C D A E A C D E第九篇Transport and TradeTransport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce，transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer，the better for trade. When there were no railways，no good roads，no canals，and only small sailing ships，trade was on a small scale.The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand，for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business，drawing supplies from，and selling goods to，all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.By moving fuel，raw materials，and even power，as，for example，through electric cables，transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes，the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication，like telephones，cables and radio，send information about prices，supplies，and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way，advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.练习：1. Paragraph 2 _________2. Paragraph 3 _________3. Paragraph 4 _________4. Paragraph 5 _________A. Higher living standardB. Importance of transport in tradeC. Various means of transportD. Birth of transport-related industries and tradeE. Role of information in tradeF. Public transportation5. The development of modern means of transport _________.6. Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly ___________.7. Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want _________.8. In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as ________.A. to send goods to various parts of the worldB. at any time during the yearC. has greatly promoted tradeD. is it possible to produce on a large scaleE. the transport of goods。

职称英语综合A概括大意题及答案职称英语综合A概括大意精选题及答案在复习阶段，大家一定要多练习题，掌握考题的规律，掌握常考的知识，这样有助于提高大家的分数。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年职称英语综合A概括大意精选题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23——-30题，每题l分，共8分)下面的短文后有两项测试任务：(1)第23——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5段的每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27——30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

The Gap of Lifespan between Men and Women(1) People are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 can expects to live to be about 73, a baby girl,about 79. this is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows why it exists. The greater longevity (长寿) of women, however, has been known for centuries. It was, for example,described in the seventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then--the gap is growing.(2) A number of reasons have been proposed to explain the differences. The gap is greatest in industrialized (个体的) societies, so it has been suggested that women are less susceptible to work stress that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism (酗酒). Sociologists also tell us that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than men (and this may be why they are more careful drivers, involved in fewer accidents).(3) Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy (差异). It was once suggested that working women are more likelyto smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap would begin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.(4) Some researchers have suggested that men may die early because their health is more strongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse than women do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. (Both of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system.) Among men, death follows retirement with an alarming (令人担忧的) promptness (迅速).(5) Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomenon is not isolated to humans. Females have the edge among virtually ( 几乎) all mammalian (哺乳动物的) species, in that they generally live longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences beginat the moment of conception; there are more male miscarriages ( 流产 ). In human, after birth, more baby boys than baby girls die.23. paragraph 1 __________24. paragraph 2 __________25. paragraph 3 __________26. paragraph 4 __________A. Much Male MiscarriagesB. The Reason for the Gap Grows DifferentC. The Greater Longevity of Women.D. Health Is More Strongly Related to Their Emotion,,E. Women Are Living Longer than MenF. Example for the Age Discrepancy27——30补全句子27. Ababy boy live to be about 73, a baby girl, about 79, this has __________28. Women are less likely to work stress that may raise the risk of __________29. More women smoking and they still have __________30. The phenomenon is not isolated to humans __________A. has impact onB. a wide gapC. a longer lifeD. animal speciesE. different societiesF. heart disease and alcoholism第3部分：概括大意与完成句子23.D。

第三部分概括大意与完成句子*6. How We Form First lmpression1. Paragraph 2_____2. Paragraph 3_____3. Paragraph 4_____4. Paragraph 5_____A Ways Of Departure from Immature and Simplistic ImpressionsB Comment on First ImpressionC Illustration Of First ImpressionD Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against MemoriesE Threatening Aspect of First ImpressionsF Differences Among Jocks ，Geeks and Freaks5. Sensory information is one that is perceived through_____.6. You interpret _____ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking，which is similar to_____.8 . We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_____.A a stranger's less mature type of thinkingB the most complex areas of our cortexC the immature form of thinking of a very young childD the meaning of incoming sensory informationE the sights and sounds of the worldF an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking答案与题解:1. D 本段叙述的是人脑解读感官信息的过程。

第三部分概括大意和完成句子阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后有两项测试任务（1）第1～4题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定的四段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5～8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

第十一篇The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World1 Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever1 built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease.2 The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in a carbon nanotube. One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one. The small droplet grows — but never gets as big as the other droplet — and eventually bumps into the large droplet. As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke2.3 The technique exploits the fact that surface tension — the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating — becomes more important at small scales3. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water.4 Although the amount of energy produced is small — 20 microwatt s — it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor4. The whole setup5 is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine6, it would be too million times more powerful than a Toyota Camry’s 225 horsepower V6 engine.5 In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micromotor, which was 100 microns across7, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettl’s group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory.6 Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision a day when nanomachines, powered by nanomotors, travel inside your body to find disease and repair damaged cells.词汇: shuffle /5FQfl/v.来回运动nanometer /5neinE7mi:tE/n.纳米，毫微米molten /5mEultEn/adj.熔化的micromotor n.微电机droplet /5drCplit/n.小滴nanotube n.纳米管roycvnoconan n.纳米传送带nanotechnology n.纳米技术bump /bQmp/v.碰撞mimic / 5mimik/n.模仿sop /sCp/v.吸入stroke /strEuk/n.行程，冲积microwatt /5maikrEuwCt/n.微瓦nanomotor n.纳米发动机nanomachine n.纳米机器注释:1. ever:比以往任何时候，曾经。

3A What the FCTC Demands 4E What the FCTC Will Bring about 5B approving it 6D restrict smoking in public places 7E caused by tobacco use 8A have ratifiied it
1B US Signing of the FCTC
2DSpecialization in selling
2EGet Rid of Unimportant Things
2D） The natives of the land
2D How the FCTC Came into Being
3BSuccess brought by 4EFlat packaging -a feature 5C Ingvar Kamprad showed
6D the vmesning of incoming of the 7C the immature form of thinking of a very 8B the most complex areas of our cortex
screen Test
Transport and Trade Transport is one of the aids to trade 1B. Importance of transport in trade
3FDealing With Bills 4C What Is a Good Filing System 5B in paper chase
3C） Transportation problem 4A） Rich resources of the state 5D. shines day and night

职称英语真题之综合类C级概括大意2008年职称英语真题之综合类C级概括大意:第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个标题；(2)第27---30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个选项。

Ways to Reduce Exposure to Air Pollution1 A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution．It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1 986 Ukraine nuclear power plant disaster．The report was published by the UK’S Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution．But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot，it turns out．2 Avoid walking in busy streets．Choose side streets and parks instead．Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source—exhaust furies(废气)．Also don’t walk behind smokers．Walk on the windward(顶风的)side of the street where exposure of pollutants(污染物)can be 50 percent less than on the downwind(顺风的)side．3 Sifting on the driver’S side of a bus can increase your exposure by 1 0 percent，compared with sitting on the side realest the pavement．Sifting upstairs on a double—decked(双层电车)can reduce exposure．It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus．Air pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic(有毒的)than that at street level，because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles(粒子)thrown up by wheels hitting the rails，while diesel(柴油机)and petrol fumes have a mixture ofpollutants．4 When you are crossing a road，stand well back from the curb(路缘)while you wait for the light to change。

ACE(血管紧张肽转化酶)抑制剂是指那些通常用于治疗高血压的药物。
医生给病人用这种药已经25年了。
美国政府的一份研究报告显示，在1995年到2000年之间，这种药的用hibitor抑制剂
commonly通常地
2.Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last sixmonths ofpregnancy.
Ifthis happens early enough, the disease can often be treatedsuccessfully.
According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes.
在这些新生儿中有18个，大约占研究总数的9%，患有严重的先天性疾病。
4.ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes.
But diabetes during pregnancycanresult in birth defects.
So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic.
After estimating the women’s cumulative dose ofradiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.
Valencia理工大学的研究人员分析了11个社区诊所用X射线检查16万名以上女人的结果。

正保远程教育旗下品牌网站美国纽交所上市公司(NYSE:DL)职业培训教育网职业人的网上家园职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第三部分讲义3概括大意与完成句子例6：Did you know that before 1950 hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. But in 1953, female names were given because of the unpredictability factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.A. Reason for naming hurricanesB. Warning of an approaching hurricaneC. Deadly womenD. History of naming hurricanesE. Organization responsible for naming hurricanesF. Ways to track hurricanes[答疑编号505916030403]【答案】DTIPS:1. 答案选项中主题词为同义词替换，增加试题难度例1：German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder asked Russia for forgiveness for the suffering Germany inflicted during the Second World War in an article in Sunday’s Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper. “Today we ask forgiveness for the suff ering inflicted upon the Russian people and other peoples at the bands of Germans and in the name of Germans.” Schroeder said. （2006）A. Pacific warB. Gloomy worldC. Putin’s commemorating speechD. China’s determinationE. Schroeder’s plea for forgivenessF. World’s worst disaster[答疑编号505916030404]【答案】E例2：Ties have an odd history. Soldiers from Croatia, in Eastern Europe, served as mercenaries （雇佣军） in various conflicts in the 17th century. They were identified by brightly colored pieces of silk worn around the neck. Known as cravats（围巾）, these became a popular fashion item in France and eventually evolved into the tie. （2007）A. Origin of the TieB. British tiesC. Uselessness of the tieD. Old-fashioned tiesE. Role of the tieF. Signs of a tieless era[答疑编号505916030405]【答案】A。