Units 02&03 Creation Myths & Five Ages of Man

单元检测试卷 Units1-3一、单词拼写( 10分)01. How many (图书馆) are there in your city?02. The bank is (营业) twelve hours every day.03. She (享受---的乐趣) lying on the beach in summer.04.The elephant from Africa is pretty big, but very (友好的) to people.05.Loins from Africa are lazy and scary, they like (睡觉) very much.06. He often buys (报纸) on his way home.07. To be a policeman is the most (危险的) job.08.This is a (地图) of China.09．Let’s take a (散步).10.The tigers are very (可怕的).二、选择填空 (40分)( )11、There're many _______ on the big tree.A leafB leavesC leafsD leafing( )12、Why do you want to work _______ a magazine?A onB toC forD in( )13、There are some ___ on the desk.A magazinesB newspaperC newsD book( )14、I want___ a policeman because it is an exciting ____.A to be , jobB doing , workC to do , jobD be , work( )15、Welcome to Disneyland! It’s a good place _____fun .A havingB to haveC haveD has( )16、We are at the library. Please___quiet .A doB beC canD are( )17、The dolphin is________ cute.A littleB a kind ofC kind ofD kinds of( )18、—What do you do? —____________.A. I’m very wellB. I’m a basketball playerC. I’m in the libraryD. I’m doing my homework( )19、She likes__to the movies with her friends and __sports.A. going, playingB. go, playC. going , playD. going , plays( )20、The Chinese people ________very friendly.A areB isC amD have( )21、Where ___ you ____?A do , comeB do , fromC are , comeD are , ,from( )22、I like the ____ the story. It’s fun.A beginB begin ofC beginningD beginning of( )23、—Excuse me, sir,__—Go down this road and turn left.It's next to a white house.A. How is the weather?B.Where'sthesupermarket？C. How are you？( )24、___you are hungry, you can have lunch in the restaurant.A. AndB. IfC. But( )25、My father likes tigers, __________ my mother doesn't.A. andB. orC. but（）26、Julie likes to play __________ her friends.A. ofB. fromC. with（）27、What does he __________?A. doB. jobC. work（）28、Let's __________ at the picture on show.A. to lookB. lookC. looking（）29、— What is your father?— He is __________A. thirty nineB. a bank clerkC. Jack Smith（）30、My sister works __________ a magazine. She's a reporter.A. atB. forC. as三、完形填空（20分）I’m Tom. I’m a student in a middle school. I’m glad to meet you here. First let me say 31 about my family.There are five people in my 32 :my father, my mother, my sister, my brother and I.My father is an 33 worker. My mother is a teacher 34 English. My sister is eighteen and my brother is sixteen. I’m fourteen. We 35 are in the same middle school. We all study hard.My home is at West Hill. There is a big river near our 36 . Behind it there is a hill. There’s one big tree and some small 37 around our house, the big tree is a pear tree and the small trees are apple trees, 38 there aren’t any pears or apples on them. 39 a photo of my house.In the photo, you can see three cats are in my bedroom, one is white, 40 two are black and white. We like them very much( )31. A. anything B. something C. thing D. everyone ( )32. A. school B. house C. classroom D. family( )33. A. big B. small C. young D. old( )34. A. of B. in C. for D. on( )35. A. two B. four C. three D. five( )36. A. bedroom B. house C. room D. home( )37. A. trees B. rivers C. houses D. schools ( )38. A. but B. and C. so D. or( )39. A. He’s B. Here’s C. It’s D. There’s ( )40. A. other B. any C. the other D. some四、阅读（20分） AI am a middle school student. My name is Wei Fang. I am a girl. I'm thirteen now. I study at Yuying Middle School. I am in Class 3, Grade 1. There are twenty boys and twenty-three girls in my class.We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We like English very much. On weekends, I often go to movies with my friends. I like action movies and comedies very much. I think they are exciting and interesting. But I don't likedocumentaries because they are too boring. I often play soccer ball for half an hourafter school in the afternoon.41. Wei Fang is ______A. a teacherB. a boyC. 13 years oldD. in Class 1, Grade 342. Wei Fang has _________ lessons on Monday.A. 4B. 2C. 6D. no43. On weekends, Wei Fang often ________.A. studies at schoolB. goes to moviesC. plays soccerD. does her homework44. Her favorite movies are _________.A. documentariesB. action moviesC. comediesD. B and C45. After school in the afternoon, Wei Fang often _________A. goes to moviesB. sings and dancesC. plays the guitarD.plays footballBWe have two new students in our class. They are Cindy and Kate. They look thesame. But they aren’t twins.Cindy is American. She is thirteen. Her father and mother are both teachers.She likes green and blue. She is often in blue pants. She often plays the guitarafter school. She is good at math and English. She says math is her favorite becauseit interesting.Kate is English. She is twelve. Her parents are not teachers. Her father is adoctor and her mother is a worker. Kate likes yellow and orange. She can’t playthe guitar. But she plays volleyball very well. Her favorite subject is Chinese.She say she wants to learn about Chinese history. Kate likes documentaries very much.( )46. Cindy is __________________________.A. 12 years oldB. AmericanC. EnglishD. Kate’s sister( )47. Kate is ____________________________.A. 12 years oldB. an AmericanC. an EnglishD. Cindy’s sister( )48. Cindy ________________________________.A. likes yellow and orangeB. likes Chinese very muchC. can play volleyball wellD. likes blue pants very much( )49. Kate’s favorite _________________ are documentaries.A. sports C. subjects C. colors D. movies( )50. If you are ill (生病), you can go to see ______________.A. Cindy’s father C. Cindy’s mother C. Kate’s father D. Kate’smother五、用所给词的正确形式填空(10分)51.Paris is a very (interest) place and many people are very(interest) in it.52. Here (be) some money for you.53. Tom enjoys (play) the drums.54. (thief) don't like (policeman).55.The (leaf) turn yellow in autumn.六、句子转换(20分)56. The post office is across from the supermarket.(就划线部分提问)the post office?57. Where does your pen pal come from?(同义替换）your pen pal ?58. What ’s your sister ’s job? (同义替换）What your sister ?59.There's some food on the table.（否定句）There food on the table.60. I don't like lions because they're ugly. (就划线部分提问)you like lions?七、补全对话(10分) A: Excuse me. 61 _?A: 62 ? B: She is from Sydney. A: Where is Sydney? B: It ’s a city in Australia. A: 63 ?B: Koalas are from Australia.They sleep in the day and get up to eat leaves at night.A. A: 64 . And What ’s the weather like in Australia?B: It ’s warn in winter and cool in summer.A ：65 .B: You ’re welcome.八、读写综合(20分)66、汤姆想找一位中国笔友, 下面是汤姆写给笔友的一封信,请根据信的内容完成信息卡. (5分)Dear Student,My name is Tom King. I’m 14 years old and I’m from Australia. I speak English. I have a brother, Sam and a sister, Lisa. I play soccer on weekends. It’s my favorite sport. I like music at school. It’s fun! M y favorite movie is THE LONG WEEKEND. I love koalas very much, because they’re very cute and friendly. Do you like them? My father is a doctor. I want to be a doctor, too. And what do you want to be?Please write and tell me about yourself. Yours, Tom.67、书面表达(15分)假设你（Li Hua）想成为Tom的笔友,请你写一封回信给他.信中介绍你自己的名字、年龄、来自哪里，你所说的语言，你最喜爱的运动、电影、动物及原因。

Units 1-2 综合测试卷一、单项选择1．Is Jack ________ a good boy?A．real B．great C．really D．greatly2．—If Subway Line 1 ________, people in Yangzhou will feel easier to travel around.—Hard to imagine Yangzhou will have the subways.A．will complete B．will be completed C．completes D．is completed 3．There’s ____ with the boy . He is very strong .A．anything wrong B．something wrong C．nothing wrong D．wrong nothing 4．He eats _______ food, so he is _______ fat.A．much too; too much B．too much; much tooC．much too; the many D．too much; too many5．— Can a plane fly ________ the Pacific?— Yes, but it needs to go ________ the clouds for hours.A．across; through B．through; across C．through; through D．across; across 6．Bill has a great ________ of humour and often makes people laugh.A．sense B．excuse C．pride D．dream7．—I can’t stop playing computer games.—For your health, my boy. I’m afraid you _______.A．can B．may C．must D．have to 8．Tom, you ________ cross the road now. The traffic light is still red.A．couldn’t B．wouldn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t9．I wonder if he ________ time tomorrow；if he ________ free, I’ll invite him to give a speech in our school.A．will have; is B．has; will be C．will; have D．has;is10．If you want to be in good ________, you should eat ________ food.A．healthy; healthy B．health; health C．healthy; health D．health; healthy 11．My dad got up ________ early that he could catch the early bus.A．so B．too C．very D．quite12．—Why is he so angry with his parents?—Because his parents ________ to buy him a new mobile phone on his birthday but they didn't. A．operated B．invented C．invited D．promised 13．—What do you think of the club?—It is great. You ________ join it.A．can't B．need C．must D．should14．Xiao Qiang told me to brush his shoes, but .A．I said no to him B．I did that C．I helped him D．I said thanks to him 15．—Can you give me a ride to work tomorrow morning?—________. I’ll pick you up at 8:00 a.m.A．Sure B．I’m sorry C．Go ahead D．That’s right16．I _________ the shops. May I get you something?A．go to B．went to C．am going to D．have gone to 17．—I believe you like ________ very much as you have eaten so many of them.—You are right.A．beef B．orange C．vegetables D．potato18．One of my ______ fell ill . Would you like to join us ?A．teammates B．teammate C．team D．teams 19．—What can I do for you?—I’d like two ________.A．basket of orange B．baskets of orangeC．baskets of oranges D．basket of oranges20．The soup would ________ better with more salt.A．eat B．sound C．taste D．feel二、语法选择John Denerly, an English man, has celebrated his hundredth birthday on a day in the twentieth century. Here’s what he said about how to keep healthy.“____21____ healthy, I only eat fresh and natural food. Because I think too salty food is____22____. ____23____ too much salty or sugary food is harmful to my body. I only have it____24____.” he said. “And when I was young, I got plenty of exercise while I was working in the fields. Now I walk 10,000 steps a day. I am not required ____25____ after at all.” About sleep, he continued. “Thanks ____26____ good sleep habits, I get at least seven hours sleep every night. What’s more, I keep studying every day. Reading ____27____ me a lot of fun.” “Oh, one more thing, I never smoke. It’s dangerous and it ____28____ my body. But I drink a small amount of wine every day.”Though we don’t expect ____29____ to be a hundred years old, we should learn how to live from him. It’s ____30____ that a healthy diet, enough sleep, regular exercise and enjoying study are the secrets to a long life.21．A．Keep B．Keeping C．To keep D．Keeps22．A．health B．healthy C．unhealthily D．unhealthy23．A．Eating B．Eat C．Eats D．Ate24．A．at the same time B．for a whileC．once in a while D．at least25．A．look B．to look C．looking D．looked26．A．to B．for C．at D．on27．A．give B．gave C．gives D．giving28．A．harm B．harms C．harmful D．do harm29．A．live B．lives C．living D．to live30．A．think B．thinks C．thought D．to think三、阅读单选Up to now, Wood has published more than 60 diaries, and he still updates the diaries frequently on social media websites. In his first diary, he mentioned, “News is going around about a bad cold virus in Wuhan, but I feel worlds away from me and few people wear masks in public.”He recorded in his diaries that thousands of medical workers from different provinces and cities went to Hubei to help with the anti-epidemic (抗疫). Restaurants and shops were closed down, while supermarkets checked people’s body temperatures. And community workers across the country took strict action, asking people to stay at home and helping the old buy daily necessities.“People in some countries said these measures could cause panic among the public. However,my experience in China shows these efforts are useful and effective, which finally removed people’s fear,” Wood said.Wood’s diaries soon attracted the world’s attention. Over 10,000 people left him messages online, and he was interviewed by Canadian CTV which later showed his diaries on its website.“I also received greetings from my family and friends in Canada. They said they were inspired by the efforts the Chinese have made,” he said. “People from some countries thought the Chinese overreacted, and that the Chinese government had overdone in epidemic prevention and control. However, since more countries and regions have been infected (感染) by the virus, more and more people came to realize how proper and important China’s control and prevention measures are.”Wood is working with the New World Press, which plans to make his diaries a book named The Invisible War. In this book, he hopes to share China’s anti-epidemic experience with more people across the world so they can build confidence to fight against the virus.31．What can we infer from the first paragraph?A．People thought the virus spread fast.B．People failed to realize the danger of the virus.C．People wore masks in restaurants and supermarkets.D．People paid enough attention to Wood’s news report.32．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?A．Business people’s work against the virus.B．Different people’s efforts against the virus.C．Community workers’ key role against the virus.D．Medical workers’ great support against the virus.33．Which one did Wood agree about China’s anti-epidemic measures?A．The measures removed people’s fear.B．The Chinese cared too much about the virus.C．The measures would make people worry a lot.D．The government took too strict measures to control the virus.34．What caused some foreigners to change their thought?A．People’s infection in more countries and regions.B．The worldwide news report on China’s measures.C．Wood’s experience in China shared in his diaries.D．Chinese people’s working together against the virus.35．What is The Invisible War mainly going to talk about?A．What Wood has experienced at home during the virus.B．What people in the world have done to fight the virus.C．What China has done to control and prevent the virus.D．What Wood’s friends have done to help him fight the virus.Welcome back to school. I’m excited to see you again. We might be scared or upset when facing the COVID-19 outbreak. But we were also strong and helpful. Many common people including you teenagers are playing an important role in the fight. All of us stayed at home in order to cause no trouble. You even finished an unbelievable event that never happened before, studying online at home. Thank you all.。

ICS 01.060; 01.075Einheiten – Teil 1:Einheitennamen, EinheitenzeichenIn keeping with current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker.Ref.No.DIN 1301-1:2002-10DEUTSCHE NORM October 20021301-1{Continued on pages 2 to 8.©No part of this translation may be reproduced without the prior permission ofTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original should be consulted as the authoritative text.UnitsPart 1:Names and symbolsSupersedesDecember 1993 edition.ForewordThis standard conforms in substance to International Standard ISO 1000:1992 (cf. Explanatory notes)and takes account of the resolutions of the 19th General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM) held in 1991.Commonly used multiples and sub-multiples of SI units and of other recommended units are dealt with in DIN 1301-2.AmendmentsThis standard differs from the December 1993 edition in that the values for the unified atomic mass unit and the electronvolt have been altered in line with [1] and editorial amendments have been made.Previous editionsDIN 1301: 1925-07, 1928-04, 1933-03, 1955-06, 1961-11, 1962x-02, 1966x-01,1971-11;DIN 1301-1: 1978-02, 1978-10, 1993-12; DIN 1339: 1946-07, 1958-04, 1968-09, 1971-11;DIN 1357: 1958x-04, 1966-08, 1967-12, 1971-11.1ScopeThis standard presents the units of the International System of Units (SI) together with a number of other recommended units and the prefixes used to express decimal multiples and sub-multiples.For conversion factors for units that are no longer to be used, see DIN 1301-3. Supplement 1 to DIN 1301-1lists other names and symbols that are used in the same way as units.2Normative referencesThis standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the titles of the publications are listed below. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.Supplement 1 to DIN 1301-1Units – Names and symbols used similarly to units DIN 1301-2Units – Sub-multiples and multiples for general use DIN 1301-3Units – Conversion of units whose use is deprecated DIN 1313Physical quantities and equations – Concepts and nomenclature DIN 1338Writing and typesetting of formulae DIN 1345Thermodynamics – Basic concepts--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page 2DIN 1301-1:2002-10DIN 40110-1Quantities used in alternating current theory – Two-wire systemsDIN 66030Information technology – Representation of names of units to be used in systems with limited character setsISO 1000:1992SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other unitsLe Système Internationale d’Unités (SI), Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil,F-92312 Sèvres Cedex[1]P. J. Mohr and B. N. Taylor, CODATA *) recommended values of the fundamental physical constants. Rev.Mod. Phys, 1998: 72 (2), 351-4953Concepts3.1Units and unit systemsSee DIN 1313.3.2SI unitsSI units comprise base SI units and derived SI units.NOTE:The name ‘Système International d’Unités’ (International System of Units) and the symbol SI were adopted at the 11th General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM) held in 1960. Full information about the International System of Units is given in the brochure Le Système International d’Unités (SI)published in French with an authorized English translation by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.3.3Base SI unitsThe base SI units are listed in table 1. All other units in the system can be derived from them.NOTE:See Appendix A for definitions of the base SI units.3.4Derived SI unitsCoherent units, i.e. they are obtained as products, quotients/ratios or exponential products of base SI units formed with the factor 1.EXAMPLE no.1: for the mass flow rate EXAMPLE no.2:A ësfor the electric chargeEXAMPLE no.3:for force See table 2 for derived SI units that have special names and symbols.Table 1:Base SI unitss kg s mkg ⋅No.Quantity Base SI unitName length metre mass kilogram timesecond electric current amperethermodynamic temperature kelvin amount of substance mole luminous intensitycandelaSymbol4Representation of derived SI unitsDerived SI units may be expressed in terms of base SI units or in some cases designated by way of a special name.*)Conference on Scientific and Technical Data Exchange and Integration.--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page3DIN1301-1:2002-10 Table 2:Derived SI units with special names and symbolsNo.Quantity SI derived unitNameSym-bolExpressed in terms of base units radiansteradianhertzbecquerelnewtonpascaljoulewattgraysievertcoulombvoltfaradohmsiemensweberteslahenrydegreeCelsiuslumenluxplane anglesolid anglefrequency of a periodic phenomenonactivity of a radionuclideforcepressure, mechanical stressenergy, work, heatpower, radiant fluxabsorbed dosedose equivalentelectric charge, quantity of electricityelectric potential, potential differenceelectric capacitanceelectric resistanceelectric conductancemagnetic fluxmagnetic flux densityinductanceCelsius temperature1)luminous fluxilluminance1) See note 2 to clause A.5.--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page 4DIN 1301-1:2002-105Other unit systemsTable 3:Units used with the SI (general application)1) A symbol for this unit has not yet been specified in international standards.2) Not to be used with prefixes.3) Both unit symbols for the litre are equally valid.4) The gram is both a base unit in the CGS system and an SI unit.To facilitate the distinction between quantities of the same dimension, preference may be given to particular names or combinations.For example:– the newton metre (N ëm) for the moment of force, instead of the joule,– the hertz (Hz) for the frequency of a periodic phenomenon, and the becquerel (Bq) for the activity of a radioactive substance, instead of the reciprocal second (1/s).No.QuantityName Symbol Definitionplane anglevolume timemasspressureperigon gon degree minute secondlitre minute hour daytonne/metric ton grambar1)2)2)2)3)2)2)2)4)lperigon--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page 5DIN 1301-1:2002-10Table 4:Units used with the SI (restricted application)No.Quantity and field ofapplication Name SymbolDefinition, relationshipdioptreare hectarebarn atomic mass unitmetric carat texmillimetres of mercury column electron voltvar1 dioptre is equal to the refractive power of an optical system with a focal length of 1 m in a medium with a refractive index of 1.The unified atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C [1]:The standard deviation is:1 metric carat = 0,2 g1 electronvolt is the kinetic energy acquired by an electron on passing through apotential difference of 1 volt in vacuum [1]:The standard deviation is:(cf. DIN 40110-1)1) This symbol has not been specified in international standards.2) Not to be used with prefixes.3) A symbol for this unit has not yet been specified in international standards. Hitherto, the symbol Kt hasbeen used.Refractive power of optical systemsArea of land or property Unit of cross section (atomic physics)Mass (atomic physics)Mass (precious stones)Linear density (textiles fibres and yarns)Blood pressure and pressure of other body fluids (medicine)Energy (atomic physics)Reactive power (electrical energy technology)1)2)3)2)--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page 6DIN 1301-1:2002-106Decimal multiples and sub-multiples of units6.1Decimal multiples and sub-multiples of units shall be represented by means of the prefixes and prefixsymbols given in table 5. These prefixes and prefix symbols shall only be used in conjunction with units.Table 5:Prefixes and prefix symbols for decimal multiples and sub-multiples of units(‘SI prefixes’)6.2A prefix symbol shall be written immediately in front of the unit symbol with which it then forms the symbol of a new compound unit.An exponent placed after the unit symbol also applies to the prefix symbol.EXAMPLE no.1:EXAMPLE no.2:6.3Compound units shall not be formed using more than one prefix.EXAMPLE:1é10–9 may be expressed as 1 nm (nanometre) but not as 1 mµm (millimicrometre).6.4In the case of the base SI unit kilogram (kg), prefixes are not to be used with the base unit but with theunit gram (g).EXAMPLE:milligram (mg), not microkilogram (µkg).7Use of units with prefixes7.1When indicating quantities, it may be expedient to choose multiples so that the numerical values liebetween 0,1 and 1000.EXAMPLES:1,2é104 N may be written as 12 kN, 0,00394 m as 3,94 mm, 1401 Pa as 1,401 kPa, 3,1é10–8sas 31 ns, and 6é1018/l as 6 a l –1.No.PrefixPrefix symbolMultiplication factoryocto zepto atto femto pico nano micro milli centi deci deca hecto kilo mega giga tera peta exa zetta yotta36323m 101m 101cm 1−−×=×=)(MHz 1Hz 10s 10s101µs 1µs 161661=====−−−--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page 7DIN 1301-1:2002-107.2Within the same table of values, only one multiple should be used with a given quantity, even if that meansthat some numerical values will then be outside the suggested range 0,1 to 1000. In certain applications, the same multiple may be used exclusively with a particular quantity (e.g. the millimetre in mechanical engineering drawings).8Rules for writing symbols8.1(Translator’s note. Text only relevant for German version.)8.2Unit symbols shall generally be written in lower case letters, except when the unit name derives from a proper name (exception: L (litre)).8.3Irrespective of the type used in the rest of the text, unit symbols shall be printed upright (cf. DIN 1338).In the expression of a quantity, they shall follow the numerical value, with a space being left between value and symbol except in the case of the symbols °, q and w .8.4Compound units formed as products of units shall be indicated in one of the following ways:N ëm, N m.8.5When a symbol is used both as a unit symbol and as a prefix, the factors shall be written in such a waythat ambiguity is avoided.EXAMPLE:The unit ‘newton metre’ for the moment of force should be written N m or N ëm, but not m N, in order to distinguish it from the millinewton (mN).8.6Compound units formed as ratios of units shall be indicated in one of the following ways:If a solidus is used in fractions and more than one unit symbol occurs in the same denominator, parentheses shall be inserted to avoid any ambiguity.EXAMPLE:The SI unit for thermal conductivity is not to be written W/K/m, butIf a unit is a power with a negative exponent, it may also be written as a fraction with a 1 in the numerator.EXAMPLE:The unit 1 should be omitted when the unit is multiplied with a number.EXAMPLE:8.7For the reproduction of unit names and prefixes in data processing equipment with limited character sets,see DIN 66030.Appendix AThere follow the definitions of the base units of the International System of Units as established by the General Conference of Weights and Measures.A.1MetreThe metre is the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second. (17th CGPM, 1983)A.2KilogramThe kilogram is the unit of mass; it is equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram. (3rd CGPPM, 1901)A.3SecondThe second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium –133 atom. (13th CGPM, 1967).1s m or m/s,,sm−⋅m).W/(K or mK Wor m K W 11⋅⋅⋅⋅−−s 1s 1=−s0003s 00031=−--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page8DIN1301-1:2002-10A.4AmpereThe ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross section, and placed 1 metre apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2é10–7 newton per metre of length. (CIPM, 1946, adopted by the 9th CGPM, 1948) A.5KelvinThe kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/273,16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. (13th CGPM, 1967)NOTE 1:The 13th CGPM (1967) also decided that the unit kelvin and its symbol K should be used to express an interval or a difference in temperature.NOTE 2:In addition to the thermodynamic temperature (denoted T), expressed in kelvins, use is also made ofCelsius temperature (denoted t) defined by the equation t=T – T0, where T= 273,15 K by definition. Toexpress Celsius temperature, the unit ‘degree Celsius’, which is equal to the unit ‘kelvin’ is used; in this case,‘degree Celsius’ is a special name used in place of ‘kelvin’. An interval or difference of Celsius temperature can, however, be expressed in kelvins as well as in degrees Celsius (cf. DIN 1345).A.6MoleThe mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0,012 kilograms of 12C. When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be specified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles, or specified groups of such particles. (14th CGPM, 1971)A.7CandelaThe candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 é 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. (16th CGPM, 1979)Other relevant standardDIN 1305Mass, force, weight force, weight, load – Concepts--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---。

ICS 01.060; 01.075Einheiten – Teil 1:Einheitennamen, EinheitenzeichenIn keeping with current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker.Ref.No.DIN 1301-1:2002-10DEUTSCHE NORM October 20021301-1{Continued on pages 2 to 8.©No part of this translation may be reproduced without the prior permission ofTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original should be consulted as the authoritative text.UnitsPart 1:Names and symbolsSupersedesDecember 1993 edition.ForewordThis standard conforms in substance to International Standard ISO 1000:1992 (cf. Explanatory notes)and takes account of the resolutions of the 19th General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM) held in 1991.Commonly used multiples and sub-multiples of SI units and of other recommended units are dealt with in DIN 1301-2.AmendmentsThis standard differs from the December 1993 edition in that the values for the unified atomic mass unit and the electronvolt have been altered in line with [1] and editorial amendments have been made.Previous editionsDIN 1301: 1925-07, 1928-04, 1933-03, 1955-06, 1961-11, 1962x-02, 1966x-01,1971-11;DIN 1301-1: 1978-02, 1978-10, 1993-12; DIN 1339: 1946-07, 1958-04, 1968-09, 1971-11;DIN 1357: 1958x-04, 1966-08, 1967-12, 1971-11.1ScopeThis standard presents the units of the International System of Units (SI) together with a number of other recommended units and the prefixes used to express decimal multiples and sub-multiples.For conversion factors for units that are no longer to be used, see DIN 1301-3. Supplement 1 to DIN 1301-1lists other names and symbols that are used in the same way as units.2Normative referencesThis standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the titles of the publications are listed below. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.Supplement 1 to DIN 1301-1Units – Names and symbols used similarly to units DIN 1301-2Units – Sub-multiples and multiples for general use DIN 1301-3Units – Conversion of units whose use is deprecated DIN 1313Physical quantities and equations – Concepts and nomenclature DIN 1338Writing and typesetting of formulae DIN 1345Thermodynamics – Basic concepts--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page 2DIN 1301-1:2002-10DIN 40110-1Quantities used in alternating current theory – Two-wire systemsDIN 66030Information technology – Representation of names of units to be used in systems with limited character setsISO 1000:1992SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other unitsLe Système Internationale d’Unités (SI), Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil,F-92312 Sèvres Cedex[1]P. J. Mohr and B. N. Taylor, CODATA *) recommended values of the fundamental physical constants. Rev.Mod. Phys, 1998: 72 (2), 351-4953Concepts3.1Units and unit systemsSee DIN 1313.3.2SI unitsSI units comprise base SI units and derived SI units.NOTE:The name ‘Système International d’Unités’ (International System of Units) and the symbol SI were adopted at the 11th General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM) held in 1960. Full information about the International System of Units is given in the brochure Le Système International d’Unités (SI)published in French with an authorized English translation by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.3.3Base SI unitsThe base SI units are listed in table 1. All other units in the system can be derived from them.NOTE:See Appendix A for definitions of the base SI units.3.4Derived SI unitsCoherent units, i.e. they are obtained as products, quotients/ratios or exponential products of base SI units formed with the factor 1.EXAMPLE no.1: for the mass flow rate EXAMPLE no.2:A ësfor the electric chargeEXAMPLE no.3:for force See table 2 for derived SI units that have special names and symbols.Table 1:Base SI unitss kg s mkg ⋅No.Quantity Base SI unitName length metre mass kilogram timesecond electric current amperethermodynamic temperature kelvin amount of substance mole luminous intensitycandelaSymbol4Representation of derived SI unitsDerived SI units may be expressed in terms of base SI units or in some cases designated by way of a special name.*)Conference on Scientific and Technical Data Exchange and Integration.--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page3DIN1301-1:2002-10 Table 2:Derived SI units with special names and symbolsNo.Quantity SI derived unitNameSym-bolExpressed in terms of base units radiansteradianhertzbecquerelnewtonpascaljoulewattgraysievertcoulombvoltfaradohmsiemensweberteslahenrydegreeCelsiuslumenluxplane anglesolid anglefrequency of a periodic phenomenonactivity of a radionuclideforcepressure, mechanical stressenergy, work, heatpower, radiant fluxabsorbed dosedose equivalentelectric charge, quantity of electricityelectric potential, potential differenceelectric capacitanceelectric resistanceelectric conductancemagnetic fluxmagnetic flux densityinductanceCelsius temperature1)luminous fluxilluminance1) See note 2 to clause A.5.--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page 4DIN 1301-1:2002-105Other unit systemsTable 3:Units used with the SI (general application)1) A symbol for this unit has not yet been specified in international standards.2) Not to be used with prefixes.3) Both unit symbols for the litre are equally valid.4) The gram is both a base unit in the CGS system and an SI unit.To facilitate the distinction between quantities of the same dimension, preference may be given to particular names or combinations.For example:– the newton metre (N ëm) for the moment of force, instead of the joule,– the hertz (Hz) for the frequency of a periodic phenomenon, and the becquerel (Bq) for the activity of a radioactive substance, instead of the reciprocal second (1/s).No.QuantityName Symbol Definitionplane anglevolume timemasspressureperigon gon degree minute secondlitre minute hour daytonne/metric ton grambar1)2)2)2)3)2)2)2)4)lperigon--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page 5DIN 1301-1:2002-10Table 4:Units used with the SI (restricted application)No.Quantity and field ofapplication Name SymbolDefinition, relationshipdioptreare hectarebarn atomic mass unitmetric carat texmillimetres of mercury column electron voltvar1 dioptre is equal to the refractive power of an optical system with a focal length of 1 m in a medium with a refractive index of 1.The unified atomic mass unit is equal to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C [1]:The standard deviation is:1 metric carat = 0,2 g1 electronvolt is the kinetic energy acquired by an electron on passing through apotential difference of 1 volt in vacuum [1]:The standard deviation is:(cf. DIN 40110-1)1) This symbol has not been specified in international standards.2) Not to be used with prefixes.3) A symbol for this unit has not yet been specified in international standards. Hitherto, the symbol Kt hasbeen used.Refractive power of optical systemsArea of land or property Unit of cross section (atomic physics)Mass (atomic physics)Mass (precious stones)Linear density (textiles fibres and yarns)Blood pressure and pressure of other body fluids (medicine)Energy (atomic physics)Reactive power (electrical energy technology)1)2)3)2)--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page 6DIN 1301-1:2002-106Decimal multiples and sub-multiples of units6.1Decimal multiples and sub-multiples of units shall be represented by means of the prefixes and prefixsymbols given in table 5. These prefixes and prefix symbols shall only be used in conjunction with units.Table 5:Prefixes and prefix symbols for decimal multiples and sub-multiples of units(‘SI prefixes’)6.2A prefix symbol shall be written immediately in front of the unit symbol with which it then forms the symbol of a new compound unit.An exponent placed after the unit symbol also applies to the prefix symbol.EXAMPLE no.1:EXAMPLE no.2:6.3Compound units shall not be formed using more than one prefix.EXAMPLE:1é10–9 may be expressed as 1 nm (nanometre) but not as 1 mµm (millimicrometre).6.4In the case of the base SI unit kilogram (kg), prefixes are not to be used with the base unit but with theunit gram (g).EXAMPLE:milligram (mg), not microkilogram (µkg).7Use of units with prefixes7.1When indicating quantities, it may be expedient to choose multiples so that the numerical values liebetween 0,1 and 1000.EXAMPLES:1,2é104 N may be written as 12 kN, 0,00394 m as 3,94 mm, 1401 Pa as 1,401 kPa, 3,1é10–8sas 31 ns, and 6é1018/l as 6 a l –1.No.PrefixPrefix symbolMultiplication factoryocto zepto atto femto pico nano micro milli centi deci deca hecto kilo mega giga tera peta exa zetta yotta36323m 101m 101cm 1−−×=×=)(MHz 1Hz 10s 10s101µs 1µs 161661=====−−−--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page 7DIN 1301-1:2002-107.2Within the same table of values, only one multiple should be used with a given quantity, even if that meansthat some numerical values will then be outside the suggested range 0,1 to 1000. In certain applications, the same multiple may be used exclusively with a particular quantity (e.g. the millimetre in mechanical engineering drawings).8Rules for writing symbols8.1(Translator’s note. Text only relevant for German version.)8.2Unit symbols shall generally be written in lower case letters, except when the unit name derives from a proper name (exception: L (litre)).8.3Irrespective of the type used in the rest of the text, unit symbols shall be printed upright (cf. DIN 1338).In the expression of a quantity, they shall follow the numerical value, with a space being left between value and symbol except in the case of the symbols °, q and w .8.4Compound units formed as products of units shall be indicated in one of the following ways:N ëm, N m.8.5When a symbol is used both as a unit symbol and as a prefix, the factors shall be written in such a waythat ambiguity is avoided.EXAMPLE:The unit ‘newton metre’ for the moment of force should be written N m or N ëm, but not m N, in order to distinguish it from the millinewton (mN).8.6Compound units formed as ratios of units shall be indicated in one of the following ways:If a solidus is used in fractions and more than one unit symbol occurs in the same denominator, parentheses shall be inserted to avoid any ambiguity.EXAMPLE:The SI unit for thermal conductivity is not to be written W/K/m, butIf a unit is a power with a negative exponent, it may also be written as a fraction with a 1 in the numerator.EXAMPLE:The unit 1 should be omitted when the unit is multiplied with a number.EXAMPLE:8.7For the reproduction of unit names and prefixes in data processing equipment with limited character sets,see DIN 66030.Appendix AThere follow the definitions of the base units of the International System of Units as established by the General Conference of Weights and Measures.A.1MetreThe metre is the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second. (17th CGPM, 1983)A.2KilogramThe kilogram is the unit of mass; it is equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram. (3rd CGPPM, 1901)A.3SecondThe second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium –133 atom. (13th CGPM, 1967).1s m or m/s,,sm−⋅m).W/(K or mK Wor m K W 11⋅⋅⋅⋅−−s 1s 1=−s0003s 00031=−--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page8DIN1301-1:2002-10A.4AmpereThe ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross section, and placed 1 metre apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2é10–7 newton per metre of length. (CIPM, 1946, adopted by the 9th CGPM, 1948) A.5KelvinThe kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/273,16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. (13th CGPM, 1967)NOTE 1:The 13th CGPM (1967) also decided that the unit kelvin and its symbol K should be used to express an interval or a difference in temperature.NOTE 2:In addition to the thermodynamic temperature (denoted T), expressed in kelvins, use is also made ofCelsius temperature (denoted t) defined by the equation t=T – T0, where T= 273,15 K by definition. Toexpress Celsius temperature, the unit ‘degree Celsius’, which is equal to the unit ‘kelvin’ is used; in this case,‘degree Celsius’ is a special name used in place of ‘kelvin’. An interval or difference of Celsius temperature can, however, be expressed in kelvins as well as in degrees Celsius (cf. DIN 1345).A.6MoleThe mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0,012 kilograms of 12C. When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be specified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles, or specified groups of such particles. (14th CGPM, 1971)A.7CandelaThe candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 é 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. (16th CGPM, 1979)Other relevant standardDIN 1305Mass, force, weight force, weight, load – Concepts--`,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---。