3.词义的选择与引申作业及答案

词义的选择、引申和褒贬一、词义的选择英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。

在英汉翻译过程中，我们弄清原句结构后就要善于选择和确定剧中关键词的词义。

选择和确定词义通常从以下两个方面着手：（一）根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义给出下列练习1.It is not right for children to sit up late.2.The plane was right above our heads.3.In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed.4.She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.(二) 根据上下文联系以及词汇在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义给出下列练习Account for1.He is ill; that accounts for his absence.2.In this battle he accounted for the five of the enemy3.I want you to account for every cent you spent.Make up1.If the stove is not made up, it will go out.2.There is not any girl called Clementine. He is just made her up.3.Half the roads in the region are still to be made up.4.Society is made up of people with widely differing abilities.5.It took Laurence Oliver more than an hour to make up for the part of “Othello”6.They made up a bed on the sofa for the unexpected visitor.7.We have to drive fast to make up the hour we lost in Boston.Figure1.The foreign trade ha risen to unprecedented figures2.Dr. Eliot was one of the most revered figures in the world of learning.3.On the desk, there was a bronze figure of Plato.4.He saw dim figures moving towards him.5.June was good at figure skating.二、词义的引申英译汉时，有时会遇到某些词在英语词典上找不到适当的词义，如任意硬套或逐个死译，会是译文生硬晦涩，不能确切表达意愿，甚至造成误解。

英汉互译常用技巧（一）词义的选择、引申和褒贬课后练习一、词义选择与延伸1.Japanese army killed millions of innocent people during the war.2.Three men were killed in the accident .3.The engine was killed by the flood .4.Y our joke nearly kill me .5.He is a man of confidence.6.He walked at the head of the funeral procession，and every now and then wiped away hishypocritical tears with a big handkerchief．7.We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.8.Watergate consumes Richard Nixon’s presidency.9.The lack of confidence failed her in the competition.二、词义甄别1.数以万计的中外客商云集申城。

2.大量难民涌入了巴基斯坦。

3.19世纪有大批的人涌入南非去淘金。

4.在她生日那天，信函和礼物像雪片一样飞来。

三、词义褒贬1、The president was respected by his people for his foresightedness.2、The politician was notorious for his double dealing.3、Y ou flattered me!4、She felt greatly flattered when she received the invitation to deliver a lecture.5、Edison invented the gramophone and the electric light.6、People sometimes invent excuses to go out of work.7、The years steal by.8、That thermometer must be lying.9、对不起，我还没有请教您的尊姓大名呢？段落练习：A Translate the underlined part of the following text into English.我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机。

以下是一些关于词的本意和引申义的题目示例：
1. 写出下列词语的本意和引申义。

-词语：“门槛”
-本意：门框下部挨着地面的横木。

-引申义：比喻进入某范围的条件或标准。

-词语：“傀儡”
-本意：用土木等制成的偶像。

-引申义：比喻受人操纵、没有自主权的人或组织。

2. 以下哪个词语的引申义与原意无关？
- A. 闭门羹：原指主人拒绝客人进门，现比喻拒绝客人来访。

- B. 铁公鸡：原指用铁做的公鸡，现比喻一毛不拔的人。

- C. 千里马：原指善于奔跑、日行千里的马，现比喻人才。

3. 请解释下列词语的本意和引申义，并用每个词语造一个句子。

-词语：“推敲”
-本意：指写作时对字句进行反复琢磨、斟酌。

-引申义：比喻做文章或做事时，反复琢磨，反复斟酌。

请注意，这只是一些示例题目，你可以根据具体的需求和教学内容进行修改和扩展。

此外，还可以提供一些词语，让学生自己查找本意和引申义，并进行解释和造句，以增强学生的理解和运用能力。

第六讲词义的选择与引申一、简介Follow:Eg.1) Did Mary follow the scholar’s argument?2) The private detective followed the man for a couple of days.3) The gist of what they said at the meeting was as follows:4) I have followed the progress of the construction of this residential area with deep interest.意见：Eg. 1) 干部应该虚心听取群众的意见。

2) 汤姆对此很有意见。

3) 中美两国就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。

4) 双方就产品价格问题达成了一致意见。

5) 如果没有意见，现在散会。

二、词义的选择1.Eg. 1) The country is making great efforts developing its industry.2) To develop the instrument, many experts were invited.3) His plane developed engine trouble only seven miles after takeoff.4) As young Goddard grew into manhood, he developed TB.5) Most of the money came from selling the secret of a new type of potato he had developed.2.Eg. 1) He likes making chemical experiments.2) Like the human brain, a computer also has a memory where it can store vast quantities of information.3) Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract.4) The two sisters share the same likes and dislikes.3.Eg.1) The President has great power.2) Power can be transmitted over a long distance.3) China will not be the first to use nuclear weapons although considered one of the nuclear powers.4) What is the power of the engine?4.Eg. 1) John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well.2) Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power.3) We have mapped out a scheme.4) The enemy’s scheme went bankrupt.三、词义的引申1. 具体词语抽象化Eg. 1) Everyone has rain and sunshine (roses and thorns) in their life.2) The character of these imperialists is a mixture of the tiger and the ape.3) Among so many well-dressed and cultivated people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water.4) We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.2. 抽象词语具体化Eg. 1) The car in front of me suddenly stopped and I missed the green.2) Public opinion demands that something should be done to end the strike.3) What they wanted was an end of uncertainties.3. 改换说法Eg. 1) A divorced woman is likely to find herself in an unenviable position.2) He is always ahead of his salary.3) The shortest distance between raw material and a finished part is casting.4) The alternating current does not know such a disadvantage as the direct current does.四、汉英翻译中的词义选择和引申：1）他这个人真够意思。