过去分词作定语和表语导学案学案

Section Ⅲ Grammar—过去分词作定语和表语语法图解探究发现①But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.②So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.③He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.④From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.⑤He was determined to find out why.⑥He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.⑦He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.⑧With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.[我的发现](1)例句①②④⑥⑦⑧中的过去分词(短语)作定语。

(2)例句②④⑦⑧中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的前面；例句①⑥中过去分词短语作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的后面。

一：句子成分（Members of a sentence）什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。

在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。

句子成分由词或词组充当。

现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。

定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和独立成分A．主语I定义：是一个句子所叙述的主体。

一般位于句首，但在there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

II主语的表现形式1．名词During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular. Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.2．代词We often speak English in and out of class.Who is the man standing over there?3．数词One-third of the students in this class are girls.Two times five is ten.4．不定式To swim in the river is a great pleasure.To master English is useful.5．动名词Smoking does harm to the health.Playing football in the street is dangerous.6．名词化的形容词The rich should help the poor.In the new China, the old are living a happy life.7．从句When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.Whether he’ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.8．it作形式主语It is dangerous playing with fireIt is important to learn English.It is a pity that he cannot swim.B．谓语I定义：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

过去分词做定语, 表语的用法1.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语需要注意如下几个方面的问题:（1）过去分词作定语时,所表示的时间概念:1）多表示已完成的动作．例如:A．The broken glasses are mine．B．The book written in English is about “The differences between American English andBritish English”．2）表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前．例如:A．A letter posted yesterday will probably reach her next week．B．He wants to buy a used car．3）没有一定的时间性．例如:A．I don’t like to see letters written in pencil．B．His spoken English is excellent．（2）过去分词作定语在句中的位置:1)单个的过去分词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词之前．例如:spoken English _________________ 一只受过训练的狗____________________一条结了冰的河流_____________________注意不及物动词的过去分词一般不能作前置定语,能作前置的仅限于escaped,faded, fallen, risen, grown等．例如:the risen sun ______________________ 落叶_______________________2)过去分词与副词,名词,形容词构成复合形容词作定语时,位于被修饰的名词之前．例如:a newly—built road __________________ a man—made satellite _________________一个高度发达的国家________________________3)过去分词短语作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之后．例如:A.There is anything arranged for the vacation ?B．There are many person killed in that accident ．注意:某些单个的过去分词作定语也必须作后置定语．例如: There is no time left ．A.某些动词的过去分词作定语时,既可作前置定语,又可作后置定语,但含义不同．例如:A．The method used is very efficient ．B．This is a used book ．C．The book given to him is an English novel ．D.We will be meeting at a given time and place ．（3）某些动词的过去分词作定语时, 多半用来修饰人．这类过去分词多是表示人物的心理特征或情感变化的动词．如:delighted , devoted , discouraged , amused , astonished , frightened , moved , inspired , encouraged , puzzled , tired , worried , excited ．For example : A．The tired boy fell into asleep very soon ．B．The puzzled mother come to her daughter’s teacher for help ．C．The frightened baby kept crying ．2.过去分词作表语(1)过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异:①The store is now closed ．（系表）The library is usually closed at 8:00 p．m．（被动）②The novel is well written ．（系表）The novel is written by LuXun ．（被动）(2)某些过去分词作表语,多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化, 其主语多半是人, 这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited,inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect ．这些分词几乎都可以看作形容词, 其中很多可以被very修饰．在口语中, 用very代替much来修饰过去分词的现象, 越来越普遍．例如:A.On hearing the good news everyone was excited ．B.We are very pleased at the news ．Exercises in class :（）1．Most of the people ___ to the party were famous scientists ．A.invited B．to invited C．being invited D．inviting（）2．The computer centers , ____ last year , is very popular among the students in this school ．A．open B．opening C．having opened D．opened（）3．What an ___ game ! I’m really ___ at it ．A.excited, exciting B．exciting, excitedC．excited, exciting D．exciting, exciting（）4．The ground is ___ with the ___ leaves ．A.covering, falling B．covered, falling C．covered, fallen D．covering, fallen（）5．We are all ___ to see that ___ child ．A.pleasing, smiled B．pleasing, smilingC．pleased, smiling D．pleased, smiling（）6．The television is a ___ machine ．A.newly—inventing B．newly—inventedC．newly—intent D．newly—invention（）7．The ___ price will save you one dollar for each dozen ．A.reduce B．reduced C．reducing D．reduces ．（）8．Romeo , ___ that Juliet was dead , decided to kill himself ．A.believe B．to believe C．believing D．believes （）9．When ___ this machine you must remember the instructions．A.to use B．used C．using D．uses（）10．Jones and Smith came in , ___by their wives．A．following B．to follow C．and followed D．followed。

过去分词作定语或表语【教学内容】过去分词作定语或表语【教学目标】熟练掌握过去分词作定语或表语时的不同用法【教学重难点】过去分词作定语或表语的用法、过去分词和动词的-ing形式和不定式的区别【教学过程】▼动词的-ed形式的句法功能一、作表语动词的-ed形式作表语，表示主语的某种性质或状态。

A.状态性动词的-ed形式作表语例：1.The shop has remained shut for a week.这家商店关门一周了。

2.All the people present were already seated. Waiting for the conference to start.所有到场的人都已入座，等着会议的开始。

B.形容词性的动词的-ed形式作表语注：动词的-ed形式作表语表示事物的性质，这些词往往被视为形容词，可以用very修饰。

例：1.Most of middle school students are interested in pop stars and NBA star players.大多数中学生对流行歌手和NBA明星感兴趣。

2.I was very surprised to see little Jimmy run so fast in the game.在比赛中看见小吉米跑的这么快，我非常惊讶。

【随即随练】翻译1.看完信后，他显得很忧虑。

He looked worried after reading the letter.2.商店关门了。

The shop is closed.3.她对那个故事感兴趣。

She is interested in the story.4.她觉得困惑甚至有点害怕。

She felt confused,and even frightened.二、作定语动词的-ed形式作定语有的置于被修饰词的前面，有的置于被修饰词的后面。

A.置于被修饰词的前面单个的-ed形式作定语往往置于被修饰词的前面，及物动词的-ed形式，表示被动和完成意义，不及物动词的-ed形式仅表示完成意义。

过去分词作定语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。

从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词，形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语，表语，宾语补足语或状语。

考点1. 过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语的位置1）单个过去分词：一般情况下。

单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。

有时为了表示强调，也可放在所修饰词之后。

A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。

（谚语）Money spent is more than money earned。

花的钱比挣的钱多。

2）过去分词短语：过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后。

This will be the best novel of its kind of ever written. 这部小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。

This is the soldier wounded in the battle. 这就是战斗中受伤的战士。

真题链接After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _______.A. providingB. providedC. have providedD. provide2.过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义1）及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受着，且该动作已经完成。

The question discussed yesterday. 昨天讨论的那个问题。

The person killed last year. 去年被杀的那个人。

2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。

Autumn comes, and there are many fallen leaves in the yard. 秋天来了，院子里有许多落叶。

When I got up and went into the yard, I saw the risen sun. 当我起床并走进院子时，我看到太阳已经升起来了。

高三英语总复习语法专项训练分词的用法二、分词的用法1．现在分词的句法功能：（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。

A. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。

In the years that followed, he worked even harder.In the following years he worked even harder.B. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

The man who is speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father.The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.（2）现在分词作表语：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。

The present situation is inspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。

be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。

He is doing his homework at home.（3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catchCan you hear her singing the song in the next room?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？He kept the car waiting at the gate.他让小汽车在门口等着。

（4）现在分词作状语：①作时间状语：在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。

Grammar——过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语[思维导图]一、过去分词作定语[观察·感悟]①We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.＝We must adapt our thinking to the conditions that changed.我们必须调整思路来适应改变了的情况。

②The concert given by their friends was a success.＝The concert which/that was given by their friends was a success.他们的朋友举办的音乐会很成功。

③He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。

④The experience gained is very useful.获取的经验很有用。

⑤in the given time在既定的时间内with the words given用所给的单词⑥a concerned look一个关切的神情the people concerned有关人士[探究·归纳]1.过去分词作定语时，相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。

分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。

单个的过去分词作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词后。

过去分词及过去分词短语作定语一般可转换为一个定语从句。

2.过去分词修饰something，everything，anything，nothing，somebody，nobody 等不定代词以及指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。

3.单个的过去分词有时置于名词后作定语，表示强调。

4.有些过去分词作前置定语与后置定语时意义不同。

[名师指津]及物动词的过去分词除表示“完成”的动作之外，还表示“被动”的意义。