2018年高考英语大一轮复习:第二部分 语法专题 专题十一 名词性从句 含解析
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名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。
考查的要点主要是连接代词和副词的正确使用,主语、谓语的语序,双重连接词以及特殊句型的使用等。
其考点主要包括:1.考查名词性从句的连接词。
如:有词义的连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which; 连接副词when, where, why, how; 从属连词that, whether, if, as if; 无词义的that 在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略。
2.考查名词性从句的语序和时态。
3.考查it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况。
如:(1)It+be+形容词(necessary, important, obvious等)+that从句.(2)It+be+过去分词+that从句.(3)It+be+名词(a surprise, a fact, a shame, an honour等)+that从句.(4)It+不及物动词(appear, happen等)+that从句.4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气。
如:(1)It is (was)+essential (important, natural…) +that…;(2)It is (was) suggested (demanded, wished, desired…)that…等。
5.what引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。
如:what=the thing that/anything that…; what=the place that…; what=the time that…; what=the person that…等。
6.whoever,whatever,whichever引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。
一、几种易混的从句的辨别定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时候在形式上很相似,下面提供一些区分的方法:1.定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系;而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容的。
Ⅰ。
单句填空1.“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea。
” This is ________my mother used to tell me。
【解析】本题考查表语从句的引导词.what my mother used to tell me和系动词is构成系表结构,what 既是这个从句的引导词,也在从句里充当动词tell的宾语.句意:“每次你吃糖的时候喝杯绿茶”,这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的事情.【答案】what2.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?—Yeah,but I have no idea________he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.【解析】答句实际上是一个同位语从句,是对名词idea的内容进行的说明。
句意:——迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取,这是真的吗?——是的,我不知道他为什么要这样做。
耶鲁大学是他最喜欢的大学之一。
短语have no idea 后面可以使用多种形式的同位语结构,如have no idea where to go等。
根据句意可知使用why表示原因。
【答案】why3.________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer。
【解析】此题题干部分is为系动词,the creative imagination of the writer为表语,故is之前为主语从句。
从句中缺少主语,故用what。
意为:使得这本书如此不同寻常的是作者富于创造的想象力。
【答案】What4.Experts believe________people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.【解析】动词believe之后为宾语从句,从句陈述一个事实,不缺少成分,故使用that表陈述。
2018年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题一语法基础考点十名词性从句编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(2018年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题一语法基础考点十名词性从句)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为2018年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题一语法基础考点十名词性从句的全部内容。
考点十名词性从句限时25分钟一、在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)。
1.________ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.答案That 考查主语从句。
从句中不缺少成分,并且句意完整,因此用that.2.Children should be reminded of ________ they should do in public places。
答案what 考查宾语从句。
句意:应该提醒孩子们在公共场所应该做些什么。
所填词引导宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语,故用what。
3.He kept yawning in class this morning。
That was ________ he stayed up late watching the basketball game last night.答案because 考查表语从句。
句意:今天早上他一直在课堂上打哈欠.那是因为他昨晚熬夜看篮球赛了.分析句子成分可知,空格处引导表语从句.根据句意可知,这里要用because。
4.Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact ________ he doesn't have what it takes to be a professional.答案that 考查同位语从句。
名词性从句一直备受高考命题者的关注,近几年来的高考题主要考查在具体语境中连接词的选择,尤其是连接词what和that的辨析,以及whether 与if表示“是否”时的区别。
因此,正确区分名词性从句的类型,根据在从句中的作用和所表达的意义,确定恰当的连接词是一轮复习的重点。
此外,名词性从句和定语从句的辨析,也是高考考查的重点。
一、认识各种名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
因此,名词性从句具体分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / if,连接代词what / who(m>/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever,连接副词where / when / why / how 。
b5E2RGbCAP从名词性从句在句中所起的作用来说,名词性从句是句子不可缺少的一部分,和句子的其他成分之间也不会用逗号隔开。
而定语从句和状语从句是句子中的修饰成分,去掉之后不会影响句子主体结构的完整性。
这是判断是否是名词性从句最主要的特征。
如:p1EanqFDPwI wonder how much these shoes cost. (宾语从句,不可省去>He is the very man I look after. (定语从句,修饰the man>You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. (状语从句>DXDiTa9E3d1.主语从句Who will go is not important.It doesn't matter so much whether you will come or not. (形式主语it代替后面的真正的主语从句>RTCrpUDGiT注意:that引导主语从句放于句首时,不能省略。
2018版高考英语一轮复习第2部分专题11 名词性从句即学巩固编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(2018版高考英语一轮复习第2部分专题11 名词性从句即学巩固)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为2018版高考英语一轮复习第2部分专题11 名词性从句即学巩固的全部内容。
专题11 名词性从句〔即学巩固〕Ⅰ。
单句语法填空错误!1.(2015·北京,33改编)I truly believe that beauty comes from within。
解析:考查名词性从句引导词。
从句部分不缺少任何成分也不缺意思.因此用只起连接作用的that。
2.(2015·陕西,19改编)Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.解析:考查宾语从句中引导词的选择。
分析语境可知,此处是介词for后接了宾语从句。
从句中缺少achieved的宾语,故要用what来引导.句意:读她的传记,我对多丽丝·莱辛在文学上所取得的成就钦佩不已。
3.(2015·安徽,25改编)A ship in harbor is safe,but that's not what ships are built for.解析:what引导表语从句,在从句中作介词for的宾语。
句意:船停泊在港口里是安全的,但那可不是造船的目的。
4.(2015·浙江,6改编)If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate what is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.解析:investigate后面是宾语从句,从句中缺主语,故用what。
【十年高考】2006-2019年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编:名词性从句〖06全国Ⅰ〗See the flags on top of the building? That wasA.whenB.whichC.whereD.what〖答案〗D〖考点〗本题考查了表语从句的用法。
〖解析〗由句中句子结构可知, 此处缺一表语从句引导词, 而且要在句中作did的宾语, 故只有what符合要求。
〖06全国Ⅱ〗——They always let me doA.whenB.thatC.howD.what〖答案〗D〖考点〗考查宾语从句。
〖解析〗what可以在宾语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
在本题中作动词do的宾语。
〖06北京〗—— It depends onA.whichB.whicheverC.whatD.whatever〖答案〗C〖考点〗考查宾语从句。
〖解析〗疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句或名词性从句, 但句意为:要看帮什么忙了。
所以whatever不合适。
〖06天津〗What we used to thinkA.isB.wasC.has beenD.will be〖答案〗B〖考点〗考查主语从句。
〖解析〗由句意“我们以前认为不可能的事现在看起来的确是可能的”和谓语动词used to think可知空格处的谓语部分应该表达过去意义。
〖06山东〗team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what C.Whatever D.Whichever〖答案〗D〖考点〗考查主语从句。
〖解析〗由句式结构可知此空白处应选择连词引导主语从句, 且在主语从句中作team的定语使用, 选项中只有whichever和whichever可同时具备这两种功能, 且从数个已知的队中选择一个, 故选whichever。
〖06安徽〗A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy someA.if C.that D.which〖答案〗C〖考点〗考查同位语从句。
专题11 重点语法复习(名词性从句)距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
一.概述名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句, 从句要用陈述语序。
名词性从句的引导词如下表所示:1. that引导主语从句时, 没有具体意思, 不充当句子成分, 只是起标志性的作用, 但that不能省略。
what引导时, 在从句中充当成分, 且有意义。
It is true that the college will take in more new students. 这所大学将招收更多的新生是真的。
2. whether连接主语从句时, 表示怀疑, 不能省略, 意为“是否”, 在句首时不能用if替换。
It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 旧汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆取代仍然在商讨中。
2018考前90天突破——高考核心考点第十一讲名词性从句【考点定位】考纲解读和近几年考点分布高考研究名词性从句是英语中比较复杂的结构,既涉及词汇的用法,也涉及句法结构,是整个高中阶段英语学习的重点和难点之一。
在学习名词性从句时,应注意从以下几个方面入手:一是要熟悉句子的各种成分,尤其是主语、宾语、表语、同位语的特点;二是要掌握引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词的分类及用法(that,if,whether的用法区别);三是要注意名词性从句中的特殊情况(that的省略,语序问题,时态问题,语气问题);四是要注意疑问连接词what,when,where等引导名词性从句不表示疑问的情况;五是要注意whoever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever等引导从句的用法。
特别需要注意的是要掌握it替代从句的用法。
【考点pk】名师考点透析考点1 主语从句特别提示(1)if不能引导主语从句。
(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。
常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种:A.It+系动词+形容词+that从句。
如:It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
B.It+系动词+名词+that从句。
如:It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。
C.It+be+v.ed形式+that从句。
如:It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.据宣布计划已经顺利实施。
2.连接代词引导①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have.我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。
第二部分专题十一〔即学巩固〕Ⅰ.单句语法填空导学号 424928831.(2015·北京,33改编)I truly believe__that__beauty comes from within.解析:考查名词性从句引导词。
从句部分不缺少任何成分也不缺意思。
因此用只起连接作用的that。
2.(2015·陕西,19改编)Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for __what__Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.解析:考查宾语从句中引导词的选择。
分析语境可知,此处是介词for后接了宾语从句。
从句中缺少achieved的宾语,故要用what来引导。
句意:读她的传记,我对多丽丝·莱辛在文学上所取得的成就钦佩不已。
3.(2015·安徽,25改编)A ship in harbor is safe,but that's not __what__ ships are built for.解析:what引导表语从句,在从句中作介词for的宾语。
句意:船停泊在港口里是安全的,但那可不是造船的目的。
4.(2015·浙江,6改编)If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate __what__ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.解析:investigate后面是宾语从句,从句中缺主语,故用what。
句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,一定要调查一下水面下的东西。
经常会有石头或树枝藏在水中。
5.(2016·南昌十所重点中学交流试卷)The family was rather poor but the honest man decided to give the bag to its owner. He gave it back to Sam and asked him to check__whether/if__the bag had 50 gold coins.解析:句意:……他把包还给了Sam,请他检查包内是否有50个金币。
6.(2016·潍坊高考模拟)He has heart disease.That is__because__he has been smoking too much.解析:句意:他有心脏病,这是由于他一直吸烟造成的。
7.(2016·大庆质量检测二)People who visited me used to ask me__how__I could sleep.“Doesn't the sound of the traffic bother you?How can you get used to so much noise?”解析:句意:来看我的人过去常常问我怎么能睡得着……。
8.We know from the survey on cigarettes __that__ warning messages on product containers and in ads can affect consumption of potentially dangerous products.解析:句意为:我们从关于香烟的调查了解到,在产品包装盒上和广告中的警告信息能够影响潜在的危险产品的消费。
know后的宾语从句结构完整,因此用从属连词that引导。
9.Following the decline in house prices in many small and medium-sized cities, there are now signs __that__ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide.解析:句意为:随着中小型城市房价的下跌,现在有迹象表明在大城市房价也可能有下滑的趋势。
signs后是同位语从句,从句结构和意义完整,用从属连词that引导。
10.Tens of thousands of people marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, celebrating the 50th anniversary of King's famous speech, through which we know __what__ he said meant to the black.解析:句意为:数以万计的人奔向马丁·路德·金纪念碑,庆祝他的那次著名的演讲发表50周年。
通过这个演讲,我们知道他所说的对于黑人的意义。
设空处引导宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语,指“他所说的话”,故填what。
11.New plans for the college entrance examination in Zhejiang are __that__ students have to be tested on Chinese, math, English and another three subjects as they prefer.解析:句意为:浙江的高考新计划是考生必须参加语文、数学、英语和他们喜欢的其他三科的考试。
设空处引导表语从句,从句中不缺成分和意义,故用that引导。
12.There is a strong possibility __that__ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future.解析:句意为:人类在将来主要依靠太阳能是非常有可能的。
设空后的从句句子结构完整,不缺少成分,且是对possibility的进一步解释、说明,故设空处引导同位语从句,故填that。
13.(2014·湖南,24改编)As John Lennon once said, life is __what__ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.解析:句意为:正如约翰·列侬曾经所说,生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。
设空处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语,故填what。
14.(2014·陕西,15改编)__When__ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.解析:句意为:延误的航班将何时起飞主要取决于天气。
分析句子结构可知,depends much on是句子的谓语,________ the delayed flight will take off是句子的主语,设空处引导主语从句。
根据句意,设空处在主语从句中作时间状语,故填when。
15.__That__mathematics is one of the most useful sections in human knowledge is widely accepted.解析:句意为:人们普遍认为数学是人类知识中最有用的部分之一。
设空处引导主语从句且从句中不缺任何成分,故用that引导。
16.The bride and groom gave __whoever__ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.解析:句意为:新娘和新郎给每个参加他们婚礼的人都送了礼物,来分享他们的幸福。
设空处引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语,意思是“凡是……的人”,相当于anyone who,故用whoever。
17.I couldn't imagine __how__difficult it was for these badly injured victims to make it to the hospital.解析:句意为:我无法想像这些严重受伤的受害者能成功到达医院该有多么困难。
设空处引导宾语从句,空后是形容词difficult,应该用how修饰,how difficult it was意为“这是多么困难”。
18.(2014·四川,2改编)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's __where__ I was born.”解析:句意为:“那就是我出生的地方,”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。
前面提到了医院,所以设空处应该是表地点,故用where引导该表语从句,并在从句中作地点状语。
19.(2014·北京,33改编)Some people believe__whatever__has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.解析:句意为:一些人认为,无论是曾经发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情,都会在将来重演。
从句中缺少主语,且表示“无论……的事情”,故填whatever。
20.(2014·重庆,12改编)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?—Yeah, but I have no idea__why__he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.解析:句意为:——迈克昨天真的拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取吗?——是的,可我不知道他为什么那么做;那是他最喜欢的大学之一。
设空处引导同位语从句,用于解释说明idea的内容;从句中缺少状语,根据句意此处表示原因,故用why引导。
Ⅱ.语法填空导学号 42492884在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
I like reading very much. My classmates' question is __1.when__ I began to love reading. Actually, I love reading as a child. I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university. What I meant was __2.that__ I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read. __3.That__ I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies. My love of reading was credited with the fact __4.that__ my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day. I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination. It's not really surprising __5.that__ literature became my vocation.Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women's legends. Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university. __6.Whether__ there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot. Thanks to Jane Goodall, her research showed me the answer. She argued __7.that__ wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment. After finishing her story, I still have some doubts __8.how__ she could achieve great success on her own in the forest. Lin Qiaozhi, a doctor, became a specialist in women's illnesses. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. __9.What__ made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all herpatients. __10.Why__ she didn't choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now.Ⅲ.单句改错导学号 424928851.I didn't know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me.答案:what→which此处表示“不知道该买哪一个”意义,故“疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词应用which。