英语四级历年作文分析报告
- 格式:doc
- 大小:360.00 KB
- 文档页数:36
英语四级作文及解析The Importance of Learning English。
English has become a global language, and it is widely used in many fields such as business, education, and international communication. Therefore, learning English is of great importance for people all over the world.First of all, learning English can help people communicate with others from different countries. As a global language, English is widely spoken and understood by people from different cultural backgrounds. By learning English, people can easily communicate with others andbuild relationships with people from different countries. This can promote cultural exchange and enhance mutual understanding among people from different countries.Secondly, learning English can provide people with more job opportunities. In today's globalized world, many companies require their employees to have a good command ofEnglish. By learning English, people can increase their competitiveness in the job market and have more job opportunities. In addition, many international companiesuse English as their working language, so learning English can help people work in international companies and have a successful career.Furthermore, learning English can also broaden people's horizons. English is the language of many important worksof literature, science, and technology. By learning English, people can access a wealth of knowledge and informationthat is not available in their native language. This can help people expand their knowledge and gain a deeper understanding of the world.In conclusion, learning English is of great importance for people all over the world. It can help people communicate with others, provide them with more job opportunities, and broaden their horizons. Therefore,people should make efforts to learn English and improvetheir English proficiency.解析:这篇作文是一篇关于学习英语重要性的文章。
英语四级现象分析作文范文篇一:英语四级作文模板--现象类一:揭示社会不良现象,表达自己观点的议论文二:社会热点话题的讨论格式:首段:根据国内一些情况,提出某种现像的现状(或者从某一小列子引出大现象)第二段:分析不良现象(热点话题)出现的原因及危害第三段:从政府和个人两方面提出建议和举措(或从事物的正反两面)首段:直接说明:There is no denying that....is becoming more and more of a problem in china,for example...It is a striking fact that the issue of......has triggered a heated discussion.Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention,one of which is that....举小例子反映大现象:Restaurant reservation is getting tight for the coming of christmas , a typical western holiday ........ We can easily tell (大现象) from this case ,which is just the tip of the iceberg.第二段:To find the root cause,there are many factors that mayaccount for it , and the following are the most conspicuous aspects. First and foremost....... What is more ..... Last but not least.....第三段:In view of seriousness of this problem ,effective measures must be taken before things get worse.One the one hand ,the government should take strong and effective measure to give this phenomenon a relif ,one the other hand ,as a student ,we hould........(As for as I am concerned,it is high time that the government called on everyone to fight the battle against piracy ,and laws should be strictly carried out to ban piracy from sprending any further , besides, as a student , we should develop our consciousness to resist pirated products . Only in this way can we put an end to piracy and create a health market for both customers and producers)篇二:英语四级图表作文的类型及参考范文您现在的位置:首页英语四级英语四级作文英语四级作文综合辅导正文英语四级图表作文的类型及参考范文图表作文也是四(六)级考试中常见,而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。
近十年专四作文总结分析下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成,希望大家下载以后,能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改,请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料,如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等,如想了解不同资料格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copy excerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!《近十年专四作文大揭秘》。
嘿,小朋友们!今天我要给你们讲讲近十年专四作文的那些事儿!你们知道吗,专四作文可重要啦!它能看出我们的英语水平呢!这十年的作文题目啊,各种各样的都有。
写作技巧题材:社会热点5/24=21%,社会生活5/24=21%,校园生活10/24=41%,读书学习4/24=17%写作类型:观点论证4/24=17%, 对比选择5/24=21%, 现象解释2/24=8%, 问题解决3/24=12.5, 应用7/24=29%,记叙3/24=12.5%一、常考题材四级考试作文一般不会考查涉及知识面过广或专业性太强的题材,从历年真题,四级作文具有很强的现实性,主要涉及两类容:一类是关于大学生的学习、校园生活及将来的工作、人生等方面的态度和看法,这类占总比例的58%,如2006-6 (新)On Students Selecting Lecturers2007-6 Welcome to Our Club另一类是贴近社会发展、进步和变化的热点话题,往往与日常生活紧密相关,这类占总数的42% 如 2005-12 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists2006-12 On the Spring Festival Gala二、常考体裁四级作文常涉及的体裁主要有四类:议论文、说明文、记叙文和应用文。
从实用性出发,四级作文着重测试的是考生评论和说明事物的能力。
因此,从体裁上看,议论和说明文占的比例较大,但近年来,应用文比重明显增加,而记叙文也逐渐成为热点。
值得注意的是,四级作文中纯粹的议论文和说明文已不多见,议论文中往往会涉及很多说明性的容,说明文中也会夹杂很多议论的成分。
另外,四级作文中考查的记叙文也不是纯粹的叙事,往往加入议论或说明的成分。
因此要根据实际情况运用不同的写作手法。
三、出题方式1、提纲式文字命题这是目前为止考试中最常见的出题方式,它给出作文的英文题目及较为详细的提纲,大多数情况是中文提纲,有时也会有英文提纲。
每段的提纲规定了各段的主旨,要求考生围绕这个中心制定主题句,再顺着主题句展开段落,最后对主题进行总结回应。
大学英语四级作文真题解析及大学英语四级作文真题解析及范文大学生就业形势愈发严峻,导致大学生毕业后的就业面临更艰难的选择,2016年12月英语四级作文题目和大学生息息相关。
下面是店铺整理的真题解析的范文,欢迎欣赏!本次四级写作的难度中等,部分题目稍微偏难;本次写作的三套卷子的主题都和“大学生找工作的选择”有关。
三套卷子,三种选择,分别是:l 选择国有企业还是合资企业?l 选择就业还是创业?l 选择就业还是继续读书?出题背景:大学生就业形势愈发严峻,导致大学生毕业后的就业面临更艰难的`选择;本题选取和大学生息息相关的时事热点进行考查,切中大学生“痛点”;难点:1. 题目难懂;其中关于“选择国企还是合资企业”的题目中出现了两个关键词:the state-owned business (国企) 和 the joint venture (合资企业),而很多考生并不知道这两个词的意思,或者只知其一,这样的情况就很容易出现写作偏题的情况;2. 经历不足;四级考生其实大都没有经历过真正的“找工作”阶段,工作的经历和体验本就不足,所以在分析利弊好坏时会比较难以下笔;反思:四级写作考试虽然形式多变,但出题趋势没有变,一直都是围绕“实事”或者“热点”在出题,这也提醒了大学生们要多关注时事热点,积累政治,经济,教育相关热点信息和词汇,这样才不会在写作时才思枯竭。
范文国企还是合资Job hunting becomes increasingly tough for college students, for it is not only hard to be hired with a satisfying salary, but also difficult to choose a suitable work place. More and more students are to face the options between a state-owned business and a joint venture. As for me, I definitely prefer the latter.From a personal perspective, the joint venture generally offers a higher salary than the state-owned enterprise, which tends to meet the high expectation from me. As is universally known, with more money paid, more passion will be devoted to work. On the community level, the joint venture always possesses a more cooperative meanwhile more competitive working atmosphere, making every employee fully involved in working. And I strongly believe that competition brings about progress.In conclusion, the joint venture is much more suitable for me to work in than the state-owned business, for I prefer a higher salary, as well as a more competitive atmosphere.就业还是创业Upon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice,which is truly a tough choice. Students' opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to start a business of your own, but others take the attitude that finding a job is the best choice influencing their future.As to myself, I prefer the latter view. An opportunity to start a business exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me. In my view, With the competition in the job market becoming increasingly fierce for college graduates,some ambitious students have tried their hands at launching their own businesses. Over the years,there have been many successful cases of student entrepreneurshipand such attempts should be encouraged and promoted by both the universities and the society at large. What’s more ,Col lege students who start businesses are pioneers,among whom will be born China’s future business leaders. Faced with unknown challenges, they are audacious enough to embark on a perilous journey while most of their peers enjoy stable salaries by working as white-collars at high-end office buildings.All in all, the essential difference between the students who find a job or those students who create their own businesses is that the former are docile followers whereas the latter are aggressive trailblazers. For this reason,business-launching college graduates are more admirable, and thus they command our deep respect.选择就业还是继续读书Facing the two options, I will choose to take a job in a company. There are mainly two reasons for my choice.On one hand, I am eage r to apply what I’ve learned to practice since I have got so many years’ schooling. Moreover, I am somewhat tired of the “ivory tower” life and ready for the “real world” life, for I assume that I can learn more from getting in touch with society. On the other hand, my family needs my financial support, because my parents are getting older and older and making less and less. Though it doesn’t take much to pursue my further study, I cannot support my parents financially if I choose to go to a graduate school.To sum up, to take a job in a company meets my desire of learning from practice and support my parents financially, which is a better choice for me.。
23年12月大学英语四级作文真题分析全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Analysis of the December 2023 College English Test Band 4 Writing TopicThe College English Test Band 4 is a standardized English proficiency test in China that measures a student's ability to understand and use English at an intermediate level. The test consists of four sections: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. In this analysis, we will focus on the writing section of the December 2023 test and discuss the topic, structure, and possible points of discussion for the essay question.The writing section of the Band 4 test usually requires students to write an argumentative or expository essay on a given topic within a time limit of 30 minutes. The December 2023 test asked students to discuss the impact of technology on traditional cultural activities. Specifically, students were asked to consider whether technology has helped to preserve or erode traditional cultural activities such as folk music, dance, and crafts.To begin the essay, students should first introduce the topic and provide some background information on the importance of traditional cultural activities in society. This could include a brief explanation of why these activities are valuable for preserving cultural heritage and promoting a sense of identity among communities.Next, students should present their thesis statement, which clearly states their opinion on whether technology has had a positive or negative impact on traditional cultural activities. This will serve as the main argument of the essay and will guide the organization of the following paragraphs.In the body of the essay, students should provide evidence and examples to support their thesis statement. This could include discussing how technology has made traditional cultural activities more accessible to a wider audience through the internet and social media. For example, traditional folk music can now be shared and enjoyed by people around the world, leading to greater appreciation and awareness of diverse cultural practices.On the other hand, students could also consider the potential negative effects of technology on traditional cultural activities. For instance, the rise of digital entertainment platformsmay lead to a decrease in participation in traditional dance and crafts, as younger generations are more drawn to virtual experiences rather than hands-on activities.To conclude the essay, students should summarize their main points and reiterate their stance on the impact of technology on traditional cultural activities. They may also offer some suggestions for how to strike a balance between embracing technological advancements while preserving the rich heritage of traditional cultural practices.In conclusion, the December 2023 College English Test Band 4 writing topic challenged students to critically analyze the impact of technology on traditional cultural activities. By carefully structuring their essays and providing evidence to support their arguments, students can demonstrate their English proficiency and critical thinking skills in addressing complex societal issues.篇2Analysis of December 2023 CET-4 Writing TestThe December 2023 CET-4 writing test was held on December 16th. As one of the most important sections of the CET-4 exam, the writing test plays a crucial role in assessing thestudents' English language proficiency. In this analysis, we will take a closer look at the topics covered in the writing test, as well as the possible ways to approach them.The writing test usually consists of one or two writing tasks, each requiring the test takers to write a certain number of words within a specified time limit. The topics of the writing tasks are often related to daily life, social issues, or current affairs, and they are designed to test the students' ability to express their thoughts and opinions in English.In the December 2023 CET-4 writing test, the first writing task asked students to write a short essay on the topic of "The Impact of Social Media on Society". This topic is relevant to the students' daily lives, as social media has become an integral part of communication and networking in today's society. Some possible points that students could discuss in their essays include the positive and negative effects of social media, its influence on personal relationships and social interactions, and the role of social media in shaping public opinion.The second writing task in the December 2023 CET-4 writing test was a letter writing task. In this task, students were asked to write a letter to a friend who is planning to study abroad, giving them advice and suggestions on how to prepare for their journey.This topic requires students to provide practical tips and recommendations based on their own experiences or knowledge of studying abroad.To excel in the writing test, students need to pay attention to several key aspects of writing, such as coherence, organization, vocabulary, grammar, and punctuation. It is important to structure the essay or letter properly, with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Students should also use a variety of vocabulary and sentence structures to make their writing more engaging and sophisticated.In conclusion, the December 2023 CET-4 writing test covered topics that are relevant to students' lives and required them to demonstrate their ability to express their thoughts and opinions in English. By focusing on key aspects of writing and practicing regularly, students can improve their writing skills and achieve better results in the CET-4 exam.篇3Analysis of the December 2023 College English Test Band 4 Writing TestIntroductionThe College English Test Band 4 (CET-4) is a widely recognized English proficiency test in China. Every year, millions of students take the test to showcase their English skills. In December 2023, the writing test for CET-4 included a variety of topics for students to choose from. In this analysis, we will take a closer look at the topics, requirements, and possible points of discussion for each option.Analysis of Writing Topics1. Option 1: The Impact of Social Media on YouthThis topic is highly relevant in today's society as social media plays a significant role in the lives of young people. Students were asked to discuss both the positive and negative effects of social media on youth. Possible points of discussion could include the role of social media in communication, networking, information sharing, and entertainment. On the other hand, students could also consider the potential risks of social media addiction, cyberbullying, privacy concerns, and mental health issues.2. Option 2: The Importance of Environmental ProtectionEnvironmental protection is a pressing global issue that concerns everyone. Students were required to reflect on thesignificance of environmental protection and discuss the actions that individuals, organizations, and governments can take to preserve the environment. Possible points of discussion could include the impact of climate change, pollution, deforestation, and wildlife conservation. Students could also explore solutions such as renewable energy, waste reduction, sustainable practices, and environmental education.3. Option 3: The Benefits and Challenges of Online LearningOnline learning has become increasingly popular, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Students were tasked with evaluating the benefits and challenges of online learning compared to traditional classroom education. Possible points of discussion could include accessibility, flexibility,cost-effectiveness, self-discipline, interaction, and academic integrity. Students could examine the effectiveness of online learning platforms, the need for digital literacy, and the importance of teacher-student engagement in virtual classrooms.4. Option 4: The Influence of Globalization on CultureGlobalization has led to the interconnectedness of cultures around the world. Students were asked to explore how globalization has impacted cultural exchange, diversity,traditions, and identities. Possible points of discussion could include the spread of languages, customs, cuisines, fashion, and media across borders. Students could also delve into the challenges of cultural homogenization, cultural appropriation, and the preservation of indigenous cultures in the face of globalization.ConclusionIn conclusion, the December 2023 CET-4 writing test offered students a wide range of topics to choose from, reflecting current issues and trends in society. Each topic provided students with the opportunity to express their thoughts, analyze complex issues, and present well-structured arguments. By critically engaging with these topics, students were able to demonstrate their English proficiency, critical thinking skills, and cultural awareness. Overall, the writing test for CET-4 was a comprehensive assessment of students' ability to communicate effectively in English and address relevant global challenges.。
英语四级写作常见主题范文赏析范文一:环境保护With the rapid economic development, the issue of environmental protection has attracted increasing attention in recent years. It is crucial for us to recognize the significance of environmental protection and take proactive measures to address this global challenge.First and foremost, environmental pollution poses a severe threat to our health and well-being. For instance, air pollution caused by vehicle emissions not only leads to respiratory problems but also contributes to climate change. Additionally, water pollution from industrial waste and agricultural chemicals poses a risk to aquatic ecosystems and human consumption. Therefore, it is essential for individuals and governments to adopt measures to reduce pollution levels and promote a cleaner and greener environment.One effective approach is to raise public awareness of environmental issues. By educating the public about the consequences of pollution and the importance of sustainable living, individuals can be encouraged to make environmentally-friendly choices. For example, minimizing the use of plastic bags, conserving water, and practicing recycling are simple yet effective ways to contribute to environmental protection. Furthermore, governments should implement stricter regulations and policies to hold industries accountable for their polluting actions. By imposing penalties and providing incentives for companies to adopt eco-friendly practices, significant progress can be achieved in reducing pollution levels.In conclusion, environmental protection is a pressing issue that requires immediate attention. We should all play an active role in preserving and restoring our environment. Through education, personal actions, and government policies, we can make a positive impact on the environment and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.范文二:人类关系The relationships between individuals play a crucial role in our daily lives and have a significant impact on our overall well-being and happiness. Therefore, it is important to foster healthy and positive human relationships, be it with family, friends, or colleagues.One crucial aspect of maintaining healthy relationships is effective communication. Good communication helps in building trust, resolving conflicts, and fostering understanding. By actively listening to others, expressing thoughts and feelings clearly, and being open-minded, we can establish strong and meaningful connections with those around us. Moreover, communication should be respectful and considerate, which can help in avoiding misunderstandings and promoting harmony in relationships.Another important factor in human relationships is empathy and compassion. Empathy involves understanding and sharing other people's emotions, while compassion involves feeling and showing genuine concern for others. By being empathetic and compassionate, we can strengthen the bonds with our loved ones and create a supportive environment where everyone feels valued and understood. This can be achieved by actively showing empathy, offering help when needed, and providing emotional support during difficult times.In addition, it is essential to respect individual differences and boundaries. Each person has their own unique values, beliefs, and preferences. Respecting these differences fosters a sense of acceptance and promotes harmonious relationships. Furthermore, it is important to establish and maintain healthy boundaries in relationships. Setting clear boundaries in terms of personal space, time, and emotions can help in avoiding conflicts and ensuring mutual respect and understanding.In conclusion, cultivating healthy human relationships is crucial for our overall well-being. By practicing effective communication, empathy, compassion, and respect, we can create harmonious and fulfilling connections with the people around us.。
近几年英语专四作文话题分析In recent years, the Test for English Majors-Band 4 (TEM-4), a crucial examination for English majors in China, has seen a variety of essay topics that reflect current social issues, technological advancements, and cultural shifts.Here's an analysis of the trends in TEM-4 essay topics:1. Technological Impact: With the rapid development of technology, topics often revolve around the impact of digitalization on society. Essays may ask students to discuss the benefits and drawbacks of social media, the role of artificial intelligence in everyday life, or the importanceof cybersecurity.2. Environmental Concerns: As environmental issues gain global attention, TEM-4 essays frequently address the needfor sustainable practices. Students might be prompted towrite about climate change, plastic pollution, or thetransition to renewable energy sources.3. Educational Reform: The evolution of educational systems is another common theme. Essays may explore the effectiveness of traditional versus online learning, the role of technology in classrooms, or the importance of critical thinking skills in the 21st century.4. Cultural Exchange: In an increasingly globalized world, topics related to cultural exchange and understanding areprevalent. Students could be asked to discuss the importance of learning a second language, the impact of globalization on local cultures, or the benefits of cultural diversity.5. Health and Well-being: The importance of mental and physical health has become a focal point, leading to essay topics that cover the significance of work-life balance, the role of exercise in maintaining good health, or the impact of stress on mental well-being.6. Economic Development: Essays may also touch on economic topics, such as the effects of globalization onlocal economies, the challenges of poverty alleviation, or the ethical considerations of wealth distribution.7. Social Issues: Topics that delve into social justice, gender equality, and racial discrimination are not uncommon, encouraging students to express their views on how to achieve a more equitable society.8. Innovation and Creativity: The drive for innovation isa key theme, with essays that might ask students to consider the role of creativity in problem-solving, the importance of fostering an innovative mindset, or the impact of technological innovation on traditional industries.9. Personal Development: Personal growth and self-improvement are also highlighted, with topics that encourage reflection on goal setting, time management, and the pursuit of lifelong learning.10. Global Challenges: Lastly, essays may address global challenges such as pandemics, refugee crises, and international conflicts, asking students to propose solutions or discuss the role of international cooperation.These topics not only test students' language proficiency but also their ability to think critically and express complex ideas in English. They require a balance oflinguistic skill, cultural awareness, and a deep understanding of contemporary issues.。
作文一测试要求要求根据所出的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表(也附有写作提纲)写一篇200字左右的短文。
能做到内容切题、完整、条理清楚,文章结构严谨,语法正确,语言通顺恰当。
考试时间为35分钟。
考试分数为15分。
二解读专四作文历年真题专四英语作文历年考题(1992~ 2009)及其类型如上表所示,从1992年到2010年共19年的专业四级作文来看,全部都为提纲式作文。
1提纲式作文提纲式作文为考生提供了明确的英文题目与一个简单的写作提纲,将考生的写作控制在一定范围内。
它要求考生紧扣题目主题,并根据提纲提示的思路和要点展开段落。
由于提供的写作提纲一般分为提出论点、论证或描述论点和总结全文等三部分,所以考生必须按照三段式作文将简单的提纲扩展为主题句,再按照主题句作文的写作方法进行文章写作。
按照命题形式,提纲式作文又可进一步划分为三个具体的命题类型:1)对比选择型对比选择型的题目,在提出一个话题后,通常给出这个话题的两种观点或两种选择,然后要求考生分析对比两个观点或两种选择的优缺点,从两者中选出一种作为自己作文的论点,并论证其正确性。
2)给定观点型给定观点型的题目,在提出一个话题之后,同时也给定了关于这个话题的一种观点,要求考生以这个给定的观点作为作文的论点进行论证。
这种类型作文的关键是如何能够很好地论证给定的观点。
3)自由发挥型自由发挥型的题目,在提出一个话题之后,可能会提供一些大家对此话题的观点和看法,要求考生通过利用已给定的材料做出自己的分析,然后发挥想象力,提出并论证自己的观点。
题目对考生的观点不做限定,只要不离开给出的话题即可。
考生既可以从题目给出的观点选一个作为自己的观点,也可以自己提出一个题目没有的想法。
从1992年到2009年共18年的专业四级作文来看,采用对比选择型命题方式的作文最多,有9个,可以分为三类:第一类:Advantages /Disadvantages型(1999,1995,1994)1999年真题:A Major Advantage /Disadvantage of Advertising on Television要求考生在电视广告的好处和坏处中两者选一,把问题说明。
写作技巧题材:社会热点5/24=21%,社会生活5/24=21%,校园生活10/24=41%,读书学习4/24=17%写作类型:观点论证4/24=17%, 对比选择5/24=21%, 现象解释2/24=8%, 问题解决3/24=12.5, 应用7/24=29%,记叙3/24=12.5%一、常考题材四级考试作文一般不会考查涉及知识面过广或专业性太强的题材,从历年真题,四级作文具有很强的现实性,主要涉及两类容:一类是关于大学生的学习、校园生活及将来的工作、人生等方面的态度和看法,这类占总比例的58%,如2006-6 (新)On Students Selecting Lecturers2007-6 Welcome to Our Club另一类是贴近社会发展、进步和变化的热点话题,往往与日常生活紧密相关,这类占总数的42% 如 2005-12 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists2006-12 On the Spring Festival Gala二、常考体裁四级作文常涉及的体裁主要有四类:议论文、说明文、记叙文和应用文。
从实用性出发,四级作文着重测试的是考生评论和说明事物的能力。
因此,从体裁上看,议论和说明文占的比例较大,但近年来,应用文比重明显增加,而记叙文也逐渐成为热点。
值得注意的是,四级作文中纯粹的议论文和说明文已不多见,议论文中往往会涉及很多说明性的容,说明文中也会夹杂很多议论的成分。
另外,四级作文中考查的记叙文也不是纯粹的叙事,往往加入议论或说明的成分。
因此要根据实际情况运用不同的写作手法。
三、出题方式1、提纲式文字命题这是目前为止考试中最常见的出题方式,它给出作文的英文题目及较为详细的提纲,大多数情况是中文提纲,有时也会有英文提纲。
每段的提纲规定了各段的主旨,要求考生围绕这个中心制定主题句,再顺着主题句展开段落,最后对主题进行总结回应。
如:2006-12 On the Spring Festival Gala1)许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会2)有些人提出取消春节晚会3)我的看法2、提纲式图表命题是考试中另一类常考的作文类型,也是考生认为比较难应对的作文形式。
图表作文一般在题目中给出一个或几个统计表格、柱状图或饼状结构图等,通常还给出作文的标题和一些提示,要求考生用文字描述图表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息并找出某种规律或趋势,并针对图表中反映出的现象或问题分析其原因或后果。
如 2002-6 Student Use of Computers1上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况,请描述其变化2、请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明)3、你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题3、“情景+提纲”式命题应用文,尤其是信函,近年来出现频率比较高,如2004年1月、2002年1月和2001年6月考查的均是信函。
另外,其他形式的应用文出现的也越来越多,如2007年6月是欢迎辞, 2006年6月是倡议书, 2005年1月是演说辞, 2004年6月是景点介绍。
这类题型往往是规定一个特定的场景,要求考生在理解的基础上,给相关人士写一封短信,并在信中明确表达自己写信的原因、动机和愿望。
文章所涉及的容多种多样,但大多与日常生活贴近。
如: 2006-6 A Poster Recruiting Volunteers1)校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动,现招募志愿者2)本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等3)报名条件及联系方式四、写作类型从写作类型上看,提纲式文字命题和提纲式图表命题作文主要可分为现象解释型、对比选择型、问题解决型、观点论证型和记叙文五大类;而应用文则以书信为主,包括建议信、拒绝信、投诉信等,另外偶尔也会涉及到倡议书、演讲辞或通知。
1、现象解释型这类作文要求对某一社会现象进行解释,并加以评论。
其基本结构是:首先对现象进行描述或说明;其次阐述这种现象产生或存在的原因;最后提出建议或总结观点。
主线:现象存在的合理性组织材料形式:描述现象—阐述原因—表明观点段落组织模式:描述段(描述现象)—说明段(阐述原因)—议论段(表明观点)例:06-06 新On Students Selecting Lecturers (120字)1)有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2)学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3)学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题2、问题解决型这类作文要求从试题的提示性文字、图表或图画入手,解释提示性文字、图表或图画所反映出的问题,指出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性;然后对问题展开分析,提出解决问题的方案或应对措施;最后要求考生表明自己对这一问题的态度、做法或建议等。
其基本结构是:首先提出问题并分析原因,然后分析解决问题的方法或措施,最后表明自己的态度或做法。
(一般以How to …作为题目)主线:兼顾问题涉及的各方面,圆满解决问题组织材料形式:提出问题—分析问题的原因或危害---解决问题段落组织模式:描述段(描述问题)—说明段(分析问题的原因或危害)---说明段(说明解决问题的方法或措施)例:00-01 How to Succeed in a Job Interview1) 面试在求职过程中的作用2)取得面试成功的因素:仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是…3、对比选择型这类作文标志明显,容易识别,一般直接要求比较两种观点或两种做法,进而表明自己的态度或观点。
其基本结构是:首先对相关的事物或现象进行整体介绍,然后述两种不同的观点或做法,最后表明自己的观点或结论。
主线:权衡两种不同方法或观点的利弊组织材料形式:1、分析观点一的利弊----分析观点二的利弊----做出选择2分析两种观点各自的优点---分析两种观点各自的不足---做出选择段落组织形式:1、议论段(分析观点一的利弊)----议论段(分析观点二的利弊)----议论段(做出选择)2、议论段(分析两种观点各自的优点)---议论段(分析两种观点各自的不足)---议论段(做出选择)例:00-06 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?1)很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试,理由是…2)也有人持不同意见…3)我的看法和打算4、观点论证型这类作文要求根据题目表明论点,按照提纲的结构要求对其进行论证,然后表明自己的立场和看法。
通过摆事实、讲道理的方式剖析事物,论述事理,发表意见,确立或否定某一主。
主线:证明观点的正确性组织材料形式:表明观点---论证观点---得出结论段落组织形式:议论段(表明观点)---议论段(论证观点)---议论段(得出结论)例:99-1 Don’t Hesitate to Say No1)别人请求帮忙时,在什么情况下我们会说“不”2)为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”3)该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处5、应用文这类作文要求根据一个特定的场景及所给提纲写一封短信,并在信中明确表达自己的原因、动机和愿望等。
应用文多种多样,但大都与日常生活切近。
例:02-01 A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus假设你是明,请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信,容涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等,可以是表扬,也可以是批评建议,也可以兼而有之。
主线:所给情景中的要点组织材料形式:描述事实---阐述原因—表明观点或提出建议段落组织形式:描述段(描述事实)---说明段(阐述原因)—议论段(表明观点或提出建议)五、写作技巧(一)描述段描述段一般首先对命题中所提供的信息(如某现象、背景或事件),无论是图画、图表,还是文字材料,进行提炼和描述,然后进行扩展描述。
比如描述图表容时我们应该按照一定的顺序,如从上到下,从左到右,从上半部分到下半部分,从图画到文字进行描述。
描述段主要有四种类型:描述图表段、描述现象段、描述背景段和描述事件段。
(二)说明段说明段的作用是提供充分的事例或理由来支撑前文提出的观点,或指出解决的方法和事件发展的过程。
段落的组织必须注意以下两点:一要条理清楚。
我们应该尽量使用一些比较清晰的表达方式,如说明原因时,可以使用the main reason, what’s more, as a result等短语,以突出文章的条理性。
不用一些很模糊的表达方式,如 To begin with , After that..等二要确定合适的说明角度和说明方法。
很多题目的提纲要点中做出了明确规定,如02-06和99-01的命题要求的第二点均要求说明原因, 98-01命题要求的第二点要求举例说明,而97-06命题要求的第二点则要求说明解决方法。
对于没有明确说明角度和说明方法的题目,我们要根据命题要求和文章主题进行合理的选择。
说明段主要有五种类型:说明原因段、说明方法段、说明过程段、说明影响段(包括作用、危害等)和举例说明。
(三)议论段议论段通常是作者就文章的主题提出或论证某观点以及总结自己的观点、建议等。
写议论段时应做到观点明确,论证充分,并有令人信服的数据和例子来支持观点,使文章具有说服力。
议论段主要分为四种类型:观点提出段(一种或两种观点)、观点论证段(论证观点的正确性)、对比论证段(对两种观点对比论证)和观点总结段(述自己的观点或结论)(四)段落的展开1、确定主题句主题句的好坏直接关系到段落划分是否成功、准确,因此写好主题句至关重要。
结构安排确定后,主题句基本就确定下来了。
在表述主题句时,存在一定的标准。
1、容完整。
主题句必须容完整,要包含一个对立完整的思想。
2、表述清楚。
主题句必须能够让读者准确无误地抓住段落的中心思想。
3、准确具体,且具有概括性。
段落主题句对于段落容的概括必须恰如其分,如果概括面太宽,往往会使段落主题含糊不清;概括面太窄,又不能充分表达段落大意。
2、展开段落扩展句是主题句容的延伸和语义的补充,起着进一步阐述主题句、扩展段落中心思想的作用。
扩展句一般由一组意思连贯的句子组成,其判断标准是:1)首先要容详实、表述清楚,同时要有较强的说服力,能有校地支持主题句的容。
2)其次是要脉络清晰、条理分明、突出重点。
讲述容的安排上应当具有合理性和逻辑性,也就是说,前一句要为后一句做好铺垫,后一句在容上要自然承接前一句的容,一步一步地阐释主题。
结尾句一般用来总结段落的中心思想,同时也在段落中起着段意收尾的作用,四级作文中通常用一、两句话归纳总结段落容,浓缩全段的主旨。
段落结尾的写法大致有两种:1)解释说明段落的容,因此段落结尾常常和段落主题句在意义上相互呼应。