无源滤波器计算表

基于Simulink的无源滤波器的设计摘要：为了防止电力输送时，传输电路产生的节点电压和线路电流波形产生的畸变，在进入某高校研究所后对电气设备造成较大的损害，通过Simulink软件对其进行无源滤波器的仿真设计，并对其参数进行计算。

通过对加入滤波器前后的不同的波形比较分析，显示谐波电流含有率、总谐波电流含有率等电能指标都得到了改善，确定了该设计的可行性。

关键词：无源滤波器；Simulink仿真；谐波；设计Passive filter design based on Simulink and parameters optimizationTIANHE COLLEGE OF GUANGDONG POLYTECHNIC NORMAL UNIVERSITY，School of Electrical and Electronic，GUANGDONG GUANGZHOU，510540Abstract：In order to avoid the distortion of node voltage and line current waveform produced by the transmission circuit，after entering a university institute，the electrical equipment is greatly damaged，the passive filter is simulated by Simulink software，and its parameters are calculated.Through the comparison and analysis of different waveforms before and after the filter is added，the energy indexes such as harmonic current and total harmonic current are improved，and the feasibility of the design is confirmed.Keyword：passive filter，Simulink，simulation，harmonic wave，design 引言随着现代非线性负载的大量使用，导致这些负载系统产生大量的谐波，传输线路的节点电压及线路电流的波形产生畸变，从而使得电能质量和设备使用寿命的降低并导致经济损失。

DATA SHEET Ecosine Evo Ecosine Evo FN3440Ecosine evo, 400 VAC 50 Hz Full Performance Passive Harmonic FiltersThe industry standard for 6-pulse rectifier and motor drivesFilters for diode rectifier without DC-link choke and thyristor rectifierBest-in-class partial load performance Most compact design Plug and play, ready to useTechnical SpecificationsNominal operating voltage 3 x 380 VAC to 415 VAC ±10%Operating frequency50 Hz ±1 Hz Nominal motor drive input power rating 1.1 to 250 kW Total harmonic current distortion THDi*≤5% at rated powerEfficiency>98% for rated voltage and powerOverload capability 1.6x rated current for 1 minute, once per hour SCCR**100 kAHigh potential test voltage P –> E 2160 VAC (1 s)Overvoltage category OV III (IEC 60664-1 / UL 61800-5-1)Earthing System TN, TT, IT Protection category IP 00, IP 20CoolingInternal fan cooling or external cooling***Ambient temperature range–25°C to +45°C fully operational+45°C to +70°C derated operation****–25°C to +85°C transport and storageDesign corresponding toFilter: UL 61800-5-1, EN 61800-5-1Chokes: EN 61558-2-20 or EN 60076-6Flammability corresponding to UL 94 V-2MTBF @ 45°C/400 V (Mil-HB-217F)>200,000 hoursSystem requirements: THDv <2%, line voltage unbalance <1%*Note: performance specifications in this brochure refer to six-pulse diode rectifiers.SCR rectifier front-ends will produce different results, dependent upon the firing angle of the thyristors.THDi ~5% at rated power for filter <6 kW/HPExternal UL-rated fuses required. Please consult the user manual.**Please check the inlet air flow required for cooling table further in this document and the usermanual.***Iderated = Inominal*√((Tmax-Tamb)/(Tmax-Tnominal)) = Inom*√((70°C-Tamb)/25°C)****Approvals & Compliances(depending on filter configuration)Features and BenefitsTypical ApplicationsSchaffner ecosine harmonic filters represent an economical solution to the challenge of load-applied harmonics mitigation in three-phase power systems. With a plug-and-play approach and more compact dimensions than comparable products, they can be quickly installed and easily commissioned. They increase the reliability and service life of electric installations, help utilize electric sytem capacity better, and are the key to meet Power Quality standards such as IEEE 519.Ecosine filters reshape your distorted current back to the desired sinusoidal waveform. Schaffner ecosine filters can be applied to virtually any kind of power electronics with front-end six-pulserectifiers, 3-phase diode or thyristor bridges, where harmonic current distortion needs to be reduced to defined limits.Equipment with front-end six-pulse rectifier Motor drivesFactory automation equipment Water/wastewater treatment facilities Fan and pump applications HVAC installations Mission-critical processes DC fast chargersTypical electrical schematic(all configurable optional functionalities shown)@ 400 V/50 Hz input current input current losses size[kW][Arms]***[Arms][kg][W]****FN 3440-1-110-E0_ _ _ _ _* 1.1 3.0 1.63761110A FN 3440-2-110-E0_ _ _ _ _* 2.2 5.5 3.261087110A FN 3440-4-112-E0_ _ _ _ _* 4.010 5.9313135112B FN 3440-6-112-E0_ _ _ _ _* 5.5138.1717183112C FN 3440-8-112-E0_ _ _ _ _*7.51611.121256112C FN 3440-11-113-E0_ _ _ _ _112416.328287113D FN 3440-15-113-E0_ _ _ _ _153222.232359113D FN 3440-19-113-E0_ _ _ _ _193828.233343113D FN 3440-22-115-E0_ _ _ _ _224532.548460115E FN 3440-30-115-E0_ _ _ _ _306044.449570115E FN 3440-37-115-E0_ _ _ _ _377554.860581115E FN 3440-45-115-E0_ _ _ _ _459066.767783115E FN 3440-55-115-E0_ _ _ _ _5511081.669858115E FN 3440-75-116-E0_ _ _ _ _751501111181036116G FN 3440-90-116-E0_ _ _ _ _901801341391166116G FN 3440-110-118-E0_ _ _ _ _1102101641581365118H FN 3440-132-118-E0_ _ _ _ _**1322601971761392118H FN 3440-160-118-E0_ _ _ _ _**1603202402021462118H FN 3440-200-118-E0_ _ _ _ _**2004003002101644118H FN 3440-250-119-E0XXSXX2505303763241746119J*Filter rating which does not require forced cooling or fan module**Filter rating which does not require RC damping module for rectifiers with EMI filter***Motor drive input current without harmonic filter****Typical losses @ 45°C, 400 V, 50 Hz and rated load powerFilter Power TerminalsTerminal designation*Screw thread Flex wire AWG Flex wire Screw torque value Max width**Frame sizecable lug[mm2][Nm][mm]110M314-220.4-2.50.57A 112M410-220.4-6 1.210B, C 113M66-180.75-16315D 115M81/0-810-50815E, F 116M83/0-810-95817G 118M103/0-500 kcmil95-2401035H 119M16350-750 kcmil185-4001048J*Recommended connector type: wire or cable lug for 110 to 113, only cable lug for 115 to 119** To fulfill creepage/clearance acc. UL 61800-5-1 without additional protection (insulation). Creepage/clearance can vary depending on applicable standard and must be reviewed by customer. Creepage/clearance may be reduced when additional protection (insulation) is provided.Filter Signal And Earth TerminalsTerminal type Screw thread Screw torque value Frame size[Nm]Signal M3*0.5All Earth (PE)M5 2.2A Earth (PE)M64B, C Earth (PE)M89D, E Earth (PE)M1017F, G, H Earth (PE)M1225J*Max width cable lug = 7 mm@ 400 V/50 Hz input current input current losses size[kW][Arms]***[Arms][kg][W]****FN 3440-1-110-E2_ _ _ _ _* 1.1 3.0 1.63861110A FN 3440-2-110-E2_ _ _ _ _* 2.2 5.5 3.261187110A FN 3440-4-112-E2_ _ _ _ _* 4.010 5.9315135112B FN 3440-6-112-E2_ _ _ _ _* 5.5138.1719183112C FN 3440-8-112-E2_ _ _ _ _*7.51611.123256112C FN 3440-11-113-E2_ _ _ _ _112416.332287113D FN 3440-15-113-E2_ _ _ _ _153222.236359113D FN 3440-19-113-E2_ _ _ _ _193828.237343113D FN 3440-22-115-E2_ _ _ _ _224532.553460115E FN 3440-30-115-E2_ _ _ _ _306044.455570115E FN 3440-37-115-E2_ _ _ _ _377554.866581115E FN 3440-45-115-E2_ _ _ _ _459066.773783115E FN 3440-55-115-E2_ _ _ _ _5511081.675858115E FN 3440-75-116-E2_ _ _ _ _751501111261036116G FN 3440-90-116-E2_ _ _ _ _901801341471166116G FN 3440-110-118-E2_ _ _ _ _1102101641751365118H FN 3440-132-118-E2_ _ _ _ _**1322601971941392118H FN 3440-160-118-E2_ _ _ _ _**1603202402191462118H FN 3440-200-118-E2_ _ _ _ _**2004003002271644118H FN 3440-250-119-E2FASXX2505303763501746119J*Filter rating which does not require forced cooling or fan module**Filter rating which does not require RC damping module for rectifiers with EMI filter***Motor drive input current without harmonic filter**** Typical losses @ 45°C, 400 V, 50 Hz and rated load powerFilter Power TerminalsTerminal designation*Screw thread Flex wire AWG Flex wire Screw torque value Max width**Frame sizecable lug[mm2][Nm][mm]110M314-220.4-2.50.57A 112M410-220.4-6 1.210B, C 113M66-180.75-16315D 115M81/0-810-50815E, F 116M83/0-810-95817G 118M103/0-500 kcmil95-2401035H 119M16350-750 kcmil185-4001048J*Recommended connector type: wire or cable lug for 110 to 113, only cable lug for 115 to 119** To fulfill creepage/clearance acc. UL 61800-5-1 without additional protection (insulation). Creepage/clearance can vary depending on applicable standard and must be reviewed by customer. Creepage/clearance may be reduced when additional protection (insulation) is provided.Filter Signal And Earth TerminalsTerminal type Screw thread Screw torque value Frame size[Nm]Signal M3*0.5All Earth (PE)M5 2.2A Earth (PE)M64B, C Earth (PE)M89D, E Earth (PE)M1017F, G, H Earth (PE)M1225J*Max width cable lug = 7 mm(Filters do not contain fan and do not contain aux. power supply )Table 1: Filter Configurations If External Air Flow Is Available For Cooling- For rectifiers without DC-link choke- For rectifiers without DC-link choke- Filters contain trap disconnectjumperE0XXJXX- For rectifiers without DC-link choke and with EMI filter - Filters contain RC damper moduleE0XXXRX- For rectifiers without DC-link choke and with EMI filter - Contain RC damper moduleand trap disconnect jumperE0XXJRX2022(Filters contain fan and aux. power supply )Table 2: Filter Configurations With Embedded Ventilation- For rectifiers without DC-link choke - Filters contain fan, aux. power supply- For rectifiers without DC-link choke - Filters contain fan, aux. powersupply and trap disconnect jumper- For rectifiers without DC-link choke and with EMI filter - Filters contain fan, aux. power supply and RCdamper module- For rectifiers without DC-link choke and with EMI filter - Filters contain fan, aux. power supply, RC damper module and trap disconnect jumper(Filters contain fan but do not contain aux. power supply , user should provide aux. power supply to the fan)Table 3: Filter Configurations If External Aux. Power Supply For The Fan Is Available- For rectifiers without DC-link choke- Filters contain fan- For rectifiers without DC-link choke- Filters contain fan and trap disconnect jumperE0FXJXX and E2FXJXX - For rectifiers without DC-link choke and with EMI filter - Filters contain fan and RC damper moduleE0FXXRX and E2FXXRX - For rectifiers without DC-link choke and with EMI filter - Contain fan, RC damper moduleand trap disconnect jumperE0FXJRX and E2FXJRX Table 4: 250 KW Filter Configuration- For rectifiers without DC-link choke- Filters contain circuit breaker- For rectifiers without DC-link choke- Filters contain fan aux. power supply and circuit breakerE2FASXX2022Mechanical Data Of IP 00 EnclosureFrame sizes G and H2022 DimensionsFrame Drill pattern Base Volume[mm][mm][mm]R S T U X Y Z A3401207360302160185 B4051207425370180206 C4601507483430210221 D54018011560491260252 E68022011705635290319 F73025011752684340343 G92028011960863353396 H11153901111501053462456 J13484801114001300550555Inlet Air Flow Required For CoolingFrame size Min air volume*[m3/h]A, B, C0D128E204G408H612J816* External air flow required for filter configurations without embeddedventilation2022Mechanical Data Of IP 20 EnclosureFrame sizes E-H2022 DimensionsFrame Drill pattern Base Volume[mm][mm][mm]R S T U X Y Z V A3401207360302160185B4051207425370180206C4601507483430210221D54018011560491260252E68022011705635290319F73025011752684340343G92028011960863353396H11153901111501053462456J134848011140013005505551455Inlet Air Flow Required For CoolingFrame size Min air volume*[m3/h]A, B, C0D128E204G408H612J816* External air flow required for filter configurations without embeddedventilation2022To find your local partner within Schaffner‘s global network © 2022 Schaffner GroupThe content of this document has been carefully checked and understood.However,neither Schaffner nor its subsidiaries assume any liability whatsoever for any errors or inaccuracies of this document and the consequences thereof.Published specifica-tionsw are subject to change without notice.Product suitability for any area of application must ultimately be determined by the customer.In all cases,products must never be operated outside their published specifications.Schaffner does not guarantee the availability of all published products.This disclaimer shall be governed by substantive Swiss law and resulting disputes shall be settled by the courts at the place of business of Schaffner Holding test publications and a complete disclaimer can be downloa-ded from the Schaffner website.All trademarks recognized.Headquarters, Global Innovation and DevelopmentSwitzerlandSchaffner Group Industrie Nord Nordstrasse 11e 4542Luterbach+41 32 681 66 26******************Sales and Application CentersSwitzerlandSchaffner EMV AG Industrie Nord Nordstrasse 11e 4542Luterbach+41 32 681 66 26******************************ChinaSchaffner EMC Ltd. 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有源、无源滤波器一、实验目的1、熟悉滤波器构成及其特性。

2、学会测量滤波器幅频特性的方法。

二、实验仪器1、双踪示波器1台2、信号源及频率计模块块3、抽样定理及滤波器模块 1块三、实验原理滤波器是一种能使有用频率信号通过而同时抑制（或大为衰减）无用频率信号的电子装置。

工程上常用它作信号处理、数据传送和抑制干扰等。

这里主要是讨论模拟滤波器。

以往这种滤波电路主要采用无源元件R 、L 和C 组成，60年代以来，集成运放获得了迅速发展，由它和R 、C 组成的有源滤波电路，具有不用电感、体积小、重量轻等优点。

此外，由于集成运放的开环电压增益和输入阻抗均很高，输出阻抗又低，构成有源滤波电路后还具有一定的电压放大和缓冲作用。

但是，集成运放的带宽有限，所以目前有源滤波电路的工作频率难以做得很高，这是它的不足之处。

基本概念及初步定义 1、初步定义滤波电路的一般结构如图4-1所示。

图中的)(1t v 表示输入信号，)(0t v 为输出信号。

假设滤波器是一个线性时不变网络，则在复频域内有A （s ）＝Vo(s)/Vi(s)图4-1 滤波器电路的一般结构式中A （s ）是滤波电路的电压传递函数，一般为复数。

对于实际频率来说（s=jω）则有A （j ω）＝│A （j ω）│ej φ(ω) （4-1） 这里│A （j ω）│为传递函数的模，φ(ω)为其相位角。

二阶RC 滤波器的传输函数如下表所示：此外，在滤波电路中关心的另一个量是时延τ（ω），它定义为)()()(s d d ωωϕωτ-= （4-2） 通常用幅频响应来表征一个滤波电路的特性，欲使信号通过滤波器的失真很小，则相位和时延响应亦需考虑。

当相位响应φ(ω)作线性变化，即时延响应τ(ω）为常数时，输出信号才可能避免失真。

2.滤波电路的分类对于幅频响应，通常把能够通过的信号频率范围定义为通带，而把受阻或衰减的信号频率范围称为阻带，通带和阻带的界限频率叫做截止频率fc 。

5.二阶无源低通滤波器二阶低通滤波器设计一：实验目的.设计、焊接一个二阶低通滤波器，要求：截止频率为1KHz。

二：实验原理利用电容通高频阻低频的特性，使一定频率范围内的频率通过。

从而设计电路，使得低频率的波通过滤波器。

三：实验步骤1：设计电路，在仿真软件上进行仿真，在仿真电路图上使功能实现。

2：先定电容，挑选合适的电阻，测量电阻的真实值，再到仿真电路替换掉原来的电阻值，不断挑选电阻，找到最逼近实验结果的值3：根据仿真电路进行焊接，完成之后对电路进行功能检测，分别挑选频率为100hz，1khz，10khz的电源进行输入检测，观察输出的波形，并进行实验记录四：实验电路图1.1仿真电路设计图1.4 f=100Hz 时正弦信号实测波形图表1 f=100Hz时实测结果与仿真数据对比表数据项目输入幅值/V 输出幅值/V 衰减/dB 相位差仿真电路169.706 167.869 0.0945 0.018π实测电路0.468 0.440 0.0536 0π分析：由图1.3的仿真波形与图1.4的实测电路波形和表1中的数据可知，输入频率为100Hz的正弦信号时，该信号能够通过，输入输出波形间有较小相位差和较小衰减。

仿真和实测数据间存在误差，误差值较小，在允许范围内。

图1.5 f=1kHz 时正弦信号仿真波形图图1.6 f=300Hz 时正弦信号实测波形图表2 f=1kHz时实测结果与仿真数据对比表数据项目输入幅值/V 输出幅值/V 衰减/dB 相位差仿真电路169.631 121.047 2.931 0.140π实测电路0.480 0.328 3.307 0.120π分析：由图1.5的仿真波形与图1.6的实测电路波形和表2中的数据可知，输入频率为1kHz的正弦信号时，该信号能够通过，输入输出波形间有一定的相位差和衰减。

仿真和实测数据间存在误差，误差值较小，在允许范围内。

图1.7 f=10kHz 时正弦信号仿真波形图图1.8 f=10kHz 时正弦信号实测波形图表3 f=10kHz时实测结果与仿真数据对比表数据项目输入幅值/V 输出幅值/V 衰减/dB 相位差仿真电路169.479 9.878 24.689 0.375π实测电路0.476 0.032 23.449 0.25π分析：由图1.7的仿真波形与图1.8的实测电路波形和表3中的数据可知，输入频率为10kHz的正弦信号时,该信号不能够通过，输入输出波形间有较大的相位差和较大衰减。

LC滤波器LC滤波器LC滤波器也称为无源滤波器，是传统的谐波补偿装置。

LC滤波器之所以称为无源滤波器，顾名思义，就是该装置不需要额外提供电源。

LC滤波器一般是由滤波电容器、电抗器和电阻器适当组合而成，与谐波源并联，除起滤波作用外，还兼顾无功补偿的需要；LC滤波器的优势LC滤波器具有结构简单、设备投资少、运行可靠性较高、运行费用较低等优点，应用很广泛。

LC滤波器的分LC滤波器又分为单调谐滤波器、高通滤波器、双调谐滤波器及三调谐滤波器等几种。

LC滤波器设计流程LC滤波器主要考虑其谐振频率及电容器耐压，电抗器耐流。

电容容量根据系统所需补偿容量确定电容器容量，这样可以得知XC（电容器阻抗）；谐振频率根据系统谐波情况确定谐振频率，如为5次谐波，一般谐振频率在240-248之间，这根据厂家的技术不同而定。

感抗值由谐振频率可得知电抗器的感抗值。

电容器耐压考虑电容器耐压，需考虑基波电压+电抗器的压升+谐波电压；感抗器耐流电抗器耐流需考虑：基波电流+谐波电流LC滤波器的适用场合无源LC电路不易集成，通常电源中整流后的滤波电路均采用无源电路，且在大电流负载时应采用LC电路。

有源滤波器适用场合有源滤波器电路不适于高压大电流的负载，只适用于信号处理，LC滤波器的安装注意事项LC滤波器的不能存在电磁耦合路径LC滤波器不正确的安装方式(一)此两种都是不正确的安装方式，问题的本质在于，滤波器的输入端电线和它的输出端电线之间存在有明显的电磁耦合路径。

这样一来，存在于滤波器某一端的EMI信号会逃脱滤波器对它的抑制，不经过滤波器的衰减而直接耦合到滤波器的另一端去。

另外，如上述两种把LC滤波器都是安装在设备屏蔽的内部，设备内部电路及元件上的EMI 信号会因辐射在滤波器的（电源）端引线上生成EMI 信号而直接耦合到设备外面去，使设备屏蔽丧失对内部元件和电路产生的EMI 辐射的抑制。

当然，如果滤波器（电源）上存在有EMI 信号，也会因辐射而耦合到设备内部的元件和电路上，从而破坏滤波器和屏蔽对EMI 信号的抑制作用。