【学海导航】届高考英语一轮复习 Unit2 The Environment同步训练(含解析)牛津译林版必修5

Unit2The environment一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇——分类记忆Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意1．debate n．&vi．辩论；争论，讨论2．recycle vt.&vi.回收利用3．greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的4．credit n.赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分5．arrest vt.&n.逮捕6．clap vi.&vt.鼓掌，拍手7．flood n.洪水；大批，大量vt.&vi.泛滥；淹没；大量涌入8．decade n.十年9．customs n.海关；关税10．conservation n.(对自然环境的)保护Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形1．duty n.责任，义务，本分2．quantity n.数量3．willing adj.愿意的，乐意的4．decrease vt.&vi.&n.减少5．measure n.措施，方法；尺度vt.测量；估量，判定6．particular adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的7．queue vi.排队等候n.队，行列8．conflict vi.冲突，抵触n .冲突；矛盾9．range n .范围；一系列；山脉vi .(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变1．consultant n .顾问→consult vt .&vi .查阅；请教；商议2．production n ．产量；生产→produce vt .&vi .生产，制造→product n ．产品；产物3．responsibility n ．责任，职责→responsible adj .应承担责任的4．belief n ．看法；信念→believe vt .相信5．environmental adj .环境的→environment n ．环境6．operate vt .&vi .经营；动手术→operation n ．操作；经营；手术→operator n .操作员；话务员7．arrival n ．到来，抵达；到达者→arrive vi .到达8．impress vt .使印象深刻→impression n ．印象→impressive adj .给人印象深刻的9．illegally adv .非法地→illegal adj .违法的，非法的→legal adj .合法的10．appreciate vt .欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会→appreciation n ．欣赏；鉴别；感激11．electrical adj .电的，用电的→electric adj .电的；用电的；能发电的→electricity n ．电；电学；电流12．consume vt .消耗，耗费；消费→consumer n ．消费者，用户，顾客→consumption n ．消费13．absorb vt .吸收；理解；使全神贯注→absorbed adj .全神贯注的；一心一意的；被吸收的→absorption n．专注；吸收1.可怕的“自然灾害”①flood洪水②typhoon台风③tsunami海啸④tornado龙卷风⑤sandstorm 沙尘暴 2.帮您记“­sult ”易混词①consult v ．查阅；请教②consultant n .顾问，咨询师③insult n .侮辱(的言行)④result n .结果3．“感激”家族 4.速记“环境”相关词①environment n ．环境②environmental adj .环境的③pollution n .污染④waste n .废料，⑤atmosphere n .大气层⑥earthquake 地震⑦eruption (火山)喷发⑧hurricane 飓风①appreciate②appreciation ③grateful ④gratitude ⑤thank⑥thankful ⑥natural adj .自然的⑦haze n .雾霾⑧fog n .雾(二)重点短语——记牢用活1．open_the_floor自由发言2．cut_back_on减少，削减，缩减3．use_up用尽4．run_out_(of)用完，耗尽5．clean_up打扫(或清除)干净6．queue_up排队等候7．pick_out找出，挑选8．under_way进行中9．in/with_regard_to 关于，至于10．let_off 排放11．in_particular尤其，特别12．do_one’s_part尽自己的职责13．result_in导致14．rely_on...for...依赖……提供……15．ask_around四处打听16．blame...on...把……归咎于……17．put...in_danger把……置于危险之地18．in_use 在使用中1.“v .＋up ”短语荟萃①turn up出现，到场②make up组成；弥补；编造③pick up 捡起，拾起；学 2.let 短语一览①let alone 不管；不打扰②let down 放下；使失望③let out 放出；泄露；出租3.“in ＋n .”短语联想①in particular 尤其，特别②in turn 依次，反过来③in common 共同，共用到④speed up加速⑤link up联合，连接⑥use up用尽④let off排放⑤let pass放过；不追究⑥let in允许进入；容许④in detail详细地⑤in general普遍地，一般地⑥in use在使用中(三)重点句式——背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：完全倒装With_me_are_Ms_Lin_Shuiqing,_from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei,a business development consultant.和我在一起的是来自“绿色社会”的林水清和经济发展顾问钱立伟。

入舵市安恙阳光实验学校课后达标检测14 Unit 2 The environment(建议用时：70分钟)Ⅰ.单项填空1．(2015·长沙模拟)The boss showed his________ of Tom’s hard work in the company by raising his pay to $5,000 a month.A．distinction B．promotionC．appreciation D．reservation2．(2015·江苏启东中学高三检测)The detective，________ to be reading a newspaper，glanced at the man ________ next to a woman.A．pretending；seated B．pretended；seatedC．pretending；seat D．pretended；seating3．(2015·江苏启东中学考前辅导)Scientists have created the world’s smallest “snowman”，________about a fifth of the width of a human hair.A．measures B．measuringC．measured D．to measure4．At last，the boys found themselves ________ in a pleasant park with trees providing shade.A．to sit B．satC．sitting D．having sat5．(2015·江苏南京高三调研)The majority of employers are planning to cut down on wages________ the economic crisis.A．by means of B．in defence ofC．in reaction to D．with regard to6．I would appreciate________，to be frank，if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.A．you B．thisC．it D．myself7．(2013·高考陕西卷)My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking，but at least he has________.A．cut out B．cut downC．cut up D．cut off8．My money ________.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand.A．has run out B．is running outC．has been run out D．is being running out9．He stood up，________ a cigarette and left the room.A．lighting B．lightedC．to light D．lit10．She has already tried her best.Please don’t be too ________ about her job.A．special B．responsibleC．unusual D．particular11．(2015·衡阳质检)With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth ________ each year.A．is washing awayB．is being washed awayC．are washing awayD．are being washed away12．She and her roommate silently warred over matters ________from when the lights should be turned off to how the furniture should be arranged.A．ranging B．exchangingC．transforming D．varying13．________ Chinese culture with overseas cultures is a challenging job，but you will learn a lot from it.A．Comparing B．ComparedC．Having compared D．Compare14．________ for several times，Linda made up her mind not________ for school.A．Being scolded；lateB．To have been scolded；being lateC．To be scolded；be lateD．Having been scolded；to be late15．—Well，you’d better buy that shirt.Brown and black don’t go together.—________ I wear it with another shirt?A．How do you like B．Do you meanC．What if D．How aboutⅡ.完形填空(2015·常德模拟)A friend and I decided to go for a vegetarian dinner today. We went to a nearby restaurant run by a beautiful lady, who is really __1__ and kind. We ordered our food, which turned out to be delicious, and we enjoyed our __2__ so much. We were satisfied to eat simple, nutritious food cooked with care and love.__3__， there happened to be some smile cards in my bag and one greeting card, so we decided that this was a great opportunity to be __4__ to someone else too. We had a pleasant chat with one of the lovely people who __5__ us, and we pointed to the couple sitting at the next table, and told him that we __6__ to pay their bill. He agreed, and my friend wrote out a beautiful __7__ for them, and we attached a smile card as well. We finished our meal, and both our bill and their bill were given to us, and we __8__ the money and left. They were to receive the card in place of the bill.We walked out of the __9__， and my friend wanted to see their reaction without getting noted. So, we hid from view, and watched as they were __10__ with so much joy, and that just made our day. We huggedeach other in gratitude, for having each other.We later __11__ that the couple were both software engineers and had experienced a busy day! Our small act of kindness made them feel __12__. We couldn’t stop smiling. It was a special way to end a long day.1.A.pretty B．warmC．quiet D．strong2．A.drink B．companyC．meal D．time3．A.Hopefully B．CertainlyC．However D．Fortunately4．A.close B．politeC．kind D．cruel5．A.protected B．noticedC．helped D．served6．A.hesitated B．failedC．wanted D．refused7．A.card B．letterC．e－mail D．check8．A.counted B．paidC．kept D．received9．A.restaurant B．parkC．cinema D．office10．A.shouting B．smilingC．jumping D．standing11．A.found out B．worked outC．brought out D．picked out12．A.embarrassed B．worriedC．angry D．specialⅢ.语法填空(2015·株洲模拟)Perhaps eager drivers will think twice about running red lights when faced with a giant robot that can give them a ticket. Two new traffic robots 1.____________ the Democratic Republic of the Congo are doing just that.2．____________ of the two solar－powered robots were created by engineers from the Kinshasa Higher Institute of Applied Technique. They were recently placed at 3.____________ busy intersection (十字路口) in the capital city. While they might look funny, the robots mean business.They direct traffic 4.____________ they’re equipped with four cameras that record traffic flow and they have a system to send the information to a center 5.____________ it’s analy zed for violations (违反)．“If a driver says that he’s not going to respect the robot 6.____________ it’s just a machine, the robot is going to take thatand there will be a ticket for him，” Isaie Therese, the engineer 7.____________ invented the robot said.While drivers seem to respect the robots 8.____________ than human policemen, the robots still have limitations. Unlike humans, they can’t pursue criminals on foot.Ⅳ.阅读理解A(2015·湘潭模拟)Many people are already planning to look for a new position when the job market picks up，but the way you quit can have a long term impact on your career.How to resign on good terms：Be prepared.Review your employee handbook or employment contract before announcing your decision，so you know what company policy is regarding resignations，severance，the return of company property and pay for unused vacation time.If you have another job lined up，be sure to have your offer in writing before you resign.Use it or lose it.If you haven’t used vacation time and will lose it if you qu it，you might want to use your time before leaving or link it to your resignation date.But if you don’t want to burn any bridges，never announce your departure just after returning from vacation.Make an appointment.Be formal and make an appointment with your boss.Prepare what you want to say.Be direct and be transparent.After the discussion，put your resignation in a hardcopy letter that includes your last day and any transitional help you’ve offered.Keep a copy.Two weeks advance notice is still standard but experts recommend offering more time if you’ve worked at the company for more than five years.You also need to be prepared to leave right away—some companies require it.Scrub your digital footprint.Clear your browser cache，remove passwords to Web sites you use from work，such as your personal email or online bank account and delete any personal files on your work computer that aren’t relevant to work.Don’t delete anything work related if you’re required to keep it.Stay close.Consider joining an employee alumni association，which often serves as a networking group for former employees.It can be a good way to keep up with changes in the company and industry and find leads to new jobs down the road.Keep in touch with coworkers you worked closely with; they may end up in management roles.1．How many ways of resigning are mentioned in the passage?A．Three. B．Four.C．Five. D．Six.2．You should notice the firm ________ in advance if you’ve worked there for six years.A．more than two weeks B．less than two weeks C．only two weeks D．only one moment3．What does the underlined sentence in the passage mean?A．You want to take vacation.B．You don’t want to be fined.C．You want to leave room for necessity.D．You don’t want to continue to work here.4．Which of the following is suggested in the passage?A．You can resign without hesitation if you don’t like your job.B．You should ignore your boss when presenting your resignation.C．You’d better keep in touch with your coworker s after resignation.D．You must delete anything in the computer you once used when you resign.5．Which is the best title for this passage?A．How to Apply for a New JobB．How to Say Goodbye to a JobC．How to Prepare for a New JobD．How to Get on with Your CoworkersB(2015·娄底高三调研)The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management，the more they seem to want to talk about things_formerly_judged_to_be_best_left_unsaid.The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye，in the process sometimes forming critical analyses of the factors that influence everyone’s experience in the organization.Consider the new views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of how people get promoted.Coleman is black.He spent 11 years with IBM，half of them working in management development，and now serves as a consultant in some big companies like AT&T and Coca－Cola.Coleman says that based on what he’s seen at big companies，he considers the different roles of the following elements in the long－term success：Performance counts a mere 10%，image,30%; and exposure，a full 60%.Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may increase your pay，it won’t ensure you the big promotion.He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work，and what a high position these people hold.Ridiculous beliefs? But they are not ridiculous to many people，especially many women and members of minority races who，like Coleman，feel that they have a better picture of the reality.“Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs，”says Kaleel Jamison，a NewYork－based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues.“They think that if you work hard，you’ll get ah ead—that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.”She adds，“Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve got ahead because of their sex or color that they try to make themselves less visible.”Her advice to th ose folks：Learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way to stand out among the people.6．The best title for this passage would be ________.A．Role of Women and Minorities in ManagementB．The Importance of Being VisibleC．Job Performance and AdvancementD．Sex and Career Success7．According to the passage，the underlined sentence “things formerly judged to be best left unsaid” in the first paragraph probably refers to ________.A．criticisms that cause everyone’s experienceB．the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eyeC．the opinions which are in conflict with the established beliefs D．the ideas which usually come up with new ways of management in the organization8．We can learn from the passage that the most important factor to achieve success in one’s career is to ________.A．let your bosses know how good you areB．establish a favorable image to the people around youC．work as a consultant to your bossesD．well perform your tasks given by your bosses9．The reason why women and blacks make themselves less visible is that they ________.A．know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotionB．want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefsC．believe they can get promoted by their sex or colorD．don’t want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or color10．In the author’s opinion，Coleman’s beliefs are ______.A．one－sided B．popularC．special D．shallowⅤ.阅读填空(2015·长沙高三模拟)Have you had difficulty communicating an idea in the past? Is it an easy task to talk with others? Most people would agree that communication between two individuals should be simple.It’simportant to remember that talking and communicating are different.When you communicate，you are successful in getting your point across.When you talk，you tend to build barriers that hinder communication.Here are some of the barriers to effective communication.Physical barriers are easy to spot.Doors that are closed，walls that are built，and distance between people all work against the effective communication.While most agree that people need their own personal areas in the workplace，setting up an office to remove physical barriers is the first step to open communication.Perceptual(感知的)barriers are internal.If you go into a situation where the person you are talking to isn’t interested in what you have to say，you may end up subconsciously abandoning your effort to make your point.Different cultures can hold back the development of communication if two different cultures conflict.In these cases，it is important to find common ground to work from.Language barriers seem natural，but there are often hidden language barriers.If you work in an industry that is heavy on technical terms，you should avoid these words when speaking with laypersons(外行)in your field.Gender barriers have become less of an issue in recent years，but it is still possible for a man to misunderstand the words of a woman，or vice versa.Men and women tend to form their thoughts differently，and this must be taken into account when communicating.Communication is not a one－way street.By overcoming these barriers，you can ensure that the statement you are making can be heard and understood by the person you are speaking with.In this way，you can be confident that your point has been expressed.Title：Barriers to 1.____________Ⅵ.阅读简答(2015·湘中名校高三大联考)A vast dust storm that blew in from the deserts of Australia’s red centre has blanketed the country’s largest city and eastern coast in a red fog，causing widespread traffic chaos and severe flight delays.Residents from Sydney in New South Wales to Canberra inland and towns in southern Queensland awoke to a red sky and greatly reduced visibility after the country’s worst dust storm in 70 years blew in overnight.The Sydney Harbor Bridge and Opera House were covered in the red fog and hundreds of people were reported to have breathing problems.Children，the elderly and those suffering from asthma (哮喘) or heart or lung diseases were advised to stay indoors，as even healthy adults reported “itchy throats” and a metallic aftertaste in their mouths after walking through the thick fog.Commuters used face masks，originally intended to protect them from the spread of swine flu，to hurry across the blocked streets on their way to work.Some schools were closed and sports activities were called off as the conditions pushed air pollution levels to 1,500 times their normal levels—the highest on record.Passengers at the busy Sydney Airport faced delays of up to six hours for international flights and three hours for domestic trips，and even some international flights were cancelled as visibility was reduced to just a few feet.Locals，phoning radio stations to express their shock at the red dawn.“It’s like a nuclear winte r morning，” tourist Peter Wilson told Daily Telegraph，“It is so terrible.” adding that when he awoke the sky was “bright red” and “all the cars were covered in dirt”．The dust hanging over Sydney had largely cleared by midafternoon，although national carrier Qantas said severe delays would last all day because of direction－changed and late－running flights.The sand storm，which measured more than 310 miles wide and 620 miles long，was caused by dust clouds blowing east from Australia’s dry places，which has been attacked by the worst drought on record.It covered dozens of towns and cities in two states as strong winds swept away tons of topsoil threw it high into the sky and carried it hundreds of miles.1．What was the face mask originally intended for？(No more than 10 words)_______________________________________________________________ _________2．When did most residents of Sydney discover the vast storm？(No more than 3 words)_______________________________________________________________ _________3．What do you think the underlined word “Qantas” is？(No more than 3 words)_______________________________________________________________ _________4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph？(No more than 10 words)_______________________________________________________________ _________课后达标检测14Ⅰ.单项填空1．解析：选C。

④The little girl __________ on the grass ________
that she had __________ the book on the table. ⑤These hens began to __________ eggs in early spring. ⑥The boy __________ his failure in exam to his lack
(3)discuss 强调交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服
对方的意思。后接名词、动名词、不定式短语或
what，when，whether引导的从句，但不接that从句。
If you would like to discuss the matter further, please
call me.
如果你想进一步讨论那个问题，请打电话给我。
【1】 lay vt. (laid, laid) 产卵，下蛋；放置， 摆设，搁 She laid the baby down gently on the bed. 她把婴儿轻轻地放在床上。 The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds' nests. 杜鹃在其他鸟的巢中产蛋。
published for a third time.
A. To see B. Seeing
C. Seen
D. To be seen
C
过去分词短语充当原因状语，与逻辑主语the
book之间为被动关系。
【4】 keep…in mind 记住
Students should keep it in mind that they must study
keep up 天气持续不变，跟上

Unit 2 The environment假定你是李华,你校将于3月25日上午8:30到10:30在学校礼堂二楼举行主题为“关爱地球”的英语演讲比赛。

请你给你班的外教怀特先生写一封电子邮件,邀请他前来担任评委并做总结发言。

Dear Mr White,How are you going? I am writing to invite you to serve as the judge of our English speech contest,whose topic is“Love the Earth”. It is expected that the contest will last2hours,from8:30am to10:30am on March25th on the second floor of our school hall.We would be very grateful if you could set aside some time and attend the contest. As an honoured guest, you are expected to make a speech at the end of the contest. We are looking forward to seeing you that day.Please contact me if you have any questions.Yours sincerely,Li Hua1.文章体裁:应用文——电子邮件。

2.行文逻辑:引出话题→具体内容→表达愿望。

3.词汇短语:运用了较高级的词汇和短语。

如:serve as(担任,充当), set aside(留出), make a speech(演讲)等。

4.句式句法:运用了多样化的句式结构。

如:①定语从句:whose topic is “Love the Earth”;②主语从句:that the contest will last 2 hours, from 8:30 am to 10:30 am on March 25th on the second floor of our school hall;③状语从句:if you could set aside some time and attend the contest等。