短文改错解题技巧

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高考英语短文改错解题技巧2014高考英语短文改错破题技巧一、解题思路(三步解题法):第一步、快速浏览全文,把握文章的主要时态、人称及文章的主旨大意,顺便标记自己一眼就能看出的错误。

第二步、细读文章的每一句话。

一般要结合文章的前后句以及出题规律来做题。

第三步、代入已经修改完成的答案通读全文,看其是否通顺。

二、出题规律以及破解关键:1.动词:(1)主要考察能力:时态、主谓是否一致、固定搭配。

(2)出题形式:①时态混用ie, Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.讲解:很显然此句子主时态是一般过去式,因此应把can改为could。

②主谓不一致ie, There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.讲解:原句中a football game决定了谓语动词必须用单数,所以应该把were改为was。

③固定搭配ie, I h ave given up somke. The dog doesn‟t like the smell.讲解:give up doing sth。

因此动词somke应该改为somking。

2.名词:(1)主要考察能力:单复数混用。

(2)出题形式:单复数混用ie, Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.讲解:“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式,应此应该把year改为years。

注意:代词单复数混用类似。

As for a friendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.讲解:显然因该把them改为it,指代前面提及的friendship。

此句话意思是“就友谊来说,我们可以很容易地从我们的同学和周围的人中找到。

”3.形容词/副词(1)主要考察能力:两者之间是否混用。

(2)出题形式:形容词与副词混用。

即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词,该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。

①副词代替正确形容词出现在文章当中ie, During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.讲解:很明显“与平时相比较更忙”,因此需要把usually改为usual。

②形容词代替正确副词出现在文章当中ie, As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds leaft in the game, she began cheering excited, “Co me on-get going!”讲解:原文意思是说比赛还剩一分四十二秒时,她开始兴奋地叫道-----,显然应把excited 改为excitedly,用来修饰动词cheer。

4.介词(1)主要考察能力:(特别是与动词的)固定搭配。

(2)出题形式:①介词省略ie, I‟m surt you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.讲解:get rid of 是固定搭配,意思为“摆脱,除去”②介词多余ie,My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.讲解:这里显然示对because of与because用法的辨别区分。

前者不能接句子,而后者充当连词可以接句子。

所以应该把of去掉。

③介词用错(一般为固定搭配)ie, I pick out her false hair and said, “Don‟t be sad, Miss.”讲解:pick out应该为pick up。

pick out挑选的意思;pick up捡起的意思。

5.连词(1)主要考察能力:前后两句话之间的衔接关系。

常考三种关系:but转折and并列because原因①ie, One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy. 讲解:显然原文中所要表达的意思是“我们开车去的原因是因为我们要买好多东西”,所以应该把but改为because/as/for。

②ie,Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers. 讲解:原文表达的意思是“通过网上聊天,学生能够更加轻松自由地表达自己的想法和观点,并且如果他们同外国人交谈,能够提高他们的英语(论坛)水平。

”所以前后句之间是并列关系,因该把but改为and.6.句式(1)主要考察能力:常考that与what或which/how与what之间的转换。

(2)出题形式:①ie, She never has enough time for that she wants to do. 讲解:原文意思是“她没有足够多的时间来做自己想做的事情”,很明显应该把that改为what。

注意:这一形式是改错常考点。

②ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area. 讲解:原文中需要一个连接词承接前后连个句子,这个连接词充当be concerned about引导宾语从句中的主语,所以应该把which改为what。

7. 冠词(1)主要考察能力:句中冠词是否多余(2)出题形式:①冠词多余ie, I sat in the front of the TV at 7 o‟clock, when the game just began. 讲解:区分in front of sth和in the front of sth。

解决这个问题记住一句顺口溜就可以了“有the是内无the是外”,即in the front of sth显然是指在事物(sth)内部空间的前面,比如说I prefer to travel in the front of the car.(我愿意坐在汽车的前面);而in front of sth是指事物(sth)外部空间的前面,比如说the car stops in front of the house(汽车停在房前)。

因此原文中应该把the去掉。

②冠词遗漏As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. 讲解:at an ---- age固定搭配词组,表示“出于---年龄”,比如说at an early/tender age,可以翻译为“很小/年幼的时候”.8.代词(1)主要考察能力:代词是否多余,以及与反身代词之间的混用。

(2)出题形式:①代词多余ie, Don‟t lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, I‟m sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness. 讲解:lose heart:become discouraged泄气;丧失勇气;而lose one‟s heart(to sb/st):fall in love爱上;钟情于。

原文意思很明显是“别泄气”。

所以应该把your去掉。

一字之差,离题千里。

②代词混用ie, We were living in a big family. We treate each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out. 讲解: 原文意思是说“我们生活在一个大家庭之中,彼此间相处如同兄弟姐妹。

如果我们之中谁有困难,其他人就会帮助他/她解决困难。

”所以应把them改为us;把other改为others。

注意:the other表示两者之中“另一个”;the others表示在一个范围内的其他全部。

③代词遗漏A teacher could make classes lively and interesting. 讲解: 应该在classes前加his,表示“使他的课堂生动有趣”。

动词(1)He lied down by the side of the path to rest. (lied 改为lay,lie 表示“躺”时,其过去时是lay)(全国卷)(2)Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. (seeing 改为seen,因为从含义上看,此处谓语应用被动语态)(3)Books may be keep for four weeks. (keep 改为kept,因此处要用被动语态)(全国卷)(4)…and let you know when the book you want has r eturned. (returned 之前加been,因从句意上看,此处要用被动语态)(全国卷)(5)Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. (go 改为come,由句意可知)(全国卷)(6)They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (eager 前加were,因此处缺谓语动词)(全国卷)(7)I…d like to your pen-friend,and get to know more about your country. (to 后加be / become,因would like后要接不定式,根据句意此处应加be / become)(全国卷)(8)What your favourite sport?(what 后加is 或将What 改为What…s,此句缺谓语)(全国卷)(9)I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time,but now I am interested in football. (use to 改为used to,此为习语,意为“过去经常”)(全国卷)(10)I was used to watch it every night. (去掉was,因used to do sth 是固定表达,意为“过去常常做……”)(全国卷)(11)There will an important game next month. (will 后加be,此处缺谓语动词)(安徽春季卷)(12)Because of so much viewing,children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. (去掉be,因它与其后的动词develop 相冲突)(北京春季卷)(13)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. (去掉should,因put 和followed 是平行结构,作并列谓语)(全国卷)(14)As we were all left home at an early age. (去掉were,因句中已有谓语动词left,“我们离开家”又是主动,不能再加be)(天津卷)(15)I often dream of a teacher. (a teacher 前加上being 或becoming.根据后文的内容看来,作者不是梦见老师,而是自己梦想“成为”一名教师)(年湖北卷)(16)Without enough knowledges,you can never learn well.(learn改为teach,因上句讲“为了教好,教师不得不学”,此句便是“没有学问,就决不会教好”)(年湖北卷)主谓一致(1)Bill was standing at the side of the car,talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. (was 改为were,因先行词two men 是复数,所以修饰该先行词的定语从句的谓语动词也应用复数)(全国卷)(2)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (give 改为gives,它与makes 为平行结构,构成并列谓语动词)(全国卷)(3)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. (is 改为are,因主语是my picture and the prize,故谓语动词要用复数)(全国卷)(4)But then there is always more mysteries to look into. (is 改为are,因其后的mysteries 为复数,故谓语动词要用复数)(北京春季卷)(5)But not all information are good to society. (are改为is,因为主语是不可数名词information,表单数)(广西卷)(6)So then,a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music. (cost改为costs,因主语是单数a concert,根据全文用的都是现在的时态,故用一般现在时)(年四川卷)(7)If I listen to my own records,there are no need to spend money. (are改为is,因为在there be结构中的be用is还是用are,由紧跟在be后的那个名词的单复数来决定,此处no need是单数,所以用is)(四川卷)(8)…you will probably want to join the Stamp C ollectors… Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection. (exist改为exists,因主语which是指the Stamp Collectors‟ Club,这是单数,所以用exists)(浙江卷)(10)One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out. (was改为were,因为主语their parents是复数,所以不用was要用were)一. 解题步骤1 浏览全文,掌握大意2 分句阅读,逐行找错3 由易到难, 各个击破4 检查核对,注意方法详解:具体解题步骤:做短文改错通常遵循以下几个步骤:通读文章,了解大意;逐句分析,行中找错;再读短文,检查漏洞。