急性呼吸衰竭抗生素的使用(英文PPT)Antibiotics in Acute Respiratory Failure

Recommendations : Give advice
For all antibiotic prescribing strategies, patients should be given:
• Advice about the usual natural history of the illness
Immediate antibiotic prescribing and/or further investigation/management should only be offered to adults and children in the following situations:
• Acute otitis media • Acute sore throat/acute pharyngitis/acute
tonsillitis • Common cold • Acute rhinosinusitis • Acute cough/acute bronchitis
Recommendations : Antibiotic prescribing options - 2
Depending on clinical assessment of severity, patients in the following subgroups can also be considered for immediate antibiotics:
• Children younger than 2 years with bilateral acute otitis media
• Advice about managing symptoms, including fever
Recommendations : Antibiotic prescribing options - 1

Whilst there have been many efforts to reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics across the health care community it is still widely believed that practitioners are continuing to prescribe inappropriately despite evidence that more care needs to be taken in the prescription of antibiotics and the length of treatment
Antibiotic Use in Care Homes
An audit completed in 2009 by the Quality, Standards and Effectiveness Directorate
Presented by Rosalind Way
Infection Prevention and the Safe Environment Nursing Home Conference 16th March 2010 The Crofters Hotel, Garstang
It is therefore important that antibiotic guidelines are followed as closely as possible for the majority of patients
Whilst it is acknowledged that elderly patients may require multiple prescriptions (polypharmacy) the effects of these need to be closely monitored.

Why are antibiotics used inappropriately?
• Lack of knowledge of drug spectrum, dosing etc. • Lack of knowledge of adverse drug reactions and
resistance associated with antibiotics • Lack of access to diagnostic facilities
• Time pressure
– Quicker to write prescription than explain what a virus is
• Influence of pharmaceutical promotion • Habit
– The First Law of Therapeutics: “The patient is doing well; continue the antibiotics!”
Meticillin-Resistant S. aureus
• MRSA in New York*
– ineffective empiric treatment of bacterial infection at the time of its identification
– the wrong choice, dose or duration of therapy – use of an antibiotic to which the pathogen
• 75% questionable therapeutic value
Harrison and Lederberg, Antimicrobial Resistance 1998

Points to note when taking antibiotics (1)
➢ Follow your doctor’s instruction.
➢ Take the drugs on the right time at the right dose.
➢ If you miss one dose, take it as soon as you remember but never take a double dose.
Always consult your doctor for the use of antibiotics.
FAQ If I have fever, do I always need an antibiotic?
Fever is a common symptom for infections and not necessarily caused by bacterial infection.
抗生素PPT课件（英文精品） Proper Use of Antibiotics
Antibiotics
Antibiotics ≠ Anti-inflammatory drugs
Antibiotics ≠Panacea
Are there any risks for the use of antibiotics?
diarrhoea
Side effects of Antibiotics (2)
Allergic reaction - rash - itchiness - breathlessness
Antibiotic resistant bacteria
Predispose to the emergences of antibiotics resistant bacteria.