抗生素PPT课件(英文精品) Mass Antibiotics Dispensing
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抗生素英文课件精品ANTIBIOTICS(33p)
killed the bacteria that causes syphilis • Compound was called salvarsan but was
quite toxic to the host
Antibiotics
• Natural compounds produced by microorganisms that inhibit the growth of other microbes
class of antibiotics
Penicillin
• Wonder drug
• Killed bacteria with few side effects on the patient
• SELECTIVE TOXICITY
• Penicillin was NOT the first anti-bacterial compound
• Chloramphenicol, erythromycin (G+), streptomycin, tetracyclines
Injury to plasma membrane
• Changes to permeability of membrane causes loss of metabolites
ANTIBIOTICS
From the Greek: anti - against bios - life
Chemotherapy
• Paul Ehrlich • Use of chemical agent to kill bacteria and
not harm the host • Search for the “Magic bullet” • Developed an arsenic compound that
quite toxic to the host
Antibiotics
• Natural compounds produced by microorganisms that inhibit the growth of other microbes
class of antibiotics
Penicillin
• Wonder drug
• Killed bacteria with few side effects on the patient
• SELECTIVE TOXICITY
• Penicillin was NOT the first anti-bacterial compound
• Chloramphenicol, erythromycin (G+), streptomycin, tetracyclines
Injury to plasma membrane
• Changes to permeability of membrane causes loss of metabolites
ANTIBIOTICS
From the Greek: anti - against bios - life
Chemotherapy
• Paul Ehrlich • Use of chemical agent to kill bacteria and
not harm the host • Search for the “Magic bullet” • Developed an arsenic compound that
抗生素PPT课件(英文精品) Proper Use of Antibiotics
Points to note when taking antibiotics (1)
➢ Follow your doctor’s instruction.
➢ Take the drugs on the right time at the right dose.
➢ If you miss one dose, take it as soon as you remember but never take a double dose.
Always consult your doctor for the use of antibiotics.
FAQ If I have fever, do I always need an antibiotic?
Fever is a common symptom for infections and not necessarily caused by bacterial infection.
抗生素PPT课件（英文精品） Proper Use of Antibiotics
Antibiotics
Antibiotics ≠ Anti-inflammatory drugs
Antibiotics ≠Panacea
Are there any risks for the use of antibiotics?
diarrhoea
Side effects of Antibiotics (2)
Allergic reaction - rash - itchiness - breathlessness
Antibiotic resistant bacteria
Predispose to the emergences of antibiotics resistant bacteria.
抗生素英文课件精品ANTIBIOTICS(39p)
Agents can either be “–cidal” or “-static” in action Bacteriocidal agents most important in serious, life-threatening
infections where the host mechanisms may be compromised
b-Lactam Antibiotics
What is a b-lactam?
Family of structurally related compounds Contain the b-lactam root
b
N
O
H
Reactive amide due to ring strain
The family of b-lactams
Fleming – 1929 – antibacterial activity of penicillin discovered Florey and Chain – 1938 – First clinical use of penicillins
What is an antibiotic? Definition: 1. A product of metabolism of other organisms 2. A synthetic product that is a structural analogue of a naturally occurring antibiotic 3. Antagonizes the growth or survival of one or more species of microorganisms 4. Effective in low concentrations
infections where the host mechanisms may be compromised
b-Lactam Antibiotics
What is a b-lactam?
Family of structurally related compounds Contain the b-lactam root
b
N
O
H
Reactive amide due to ring strain
The family of b-lactams
Fleming – 1929 – antibacterial activity of penicillin discovered Florey and Chain – 1938 – First clinical use of penicillins
What is an antibiotic? Definition: 1. A product of metabolism of other organisms 2. A synthetic product that is a structural analogue of a naturally occurring antibiotic 3. Antagonizes the growth or survival of one or more species of microorganisms 4. Effective in low concentrations
抗生素PPT课件英文精品ANTIBIOTICRESISTANTPATHOGENSIMPACTANDCONTROL104p
Systemic: Sepsis, bacteremia, endocarditis Organ system: Meningitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, paratitis,
myositis
Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-positive Cocci
Deaths: 20,000
Source: Centers for Disease Control. MMWR 1997;46(RR-8)
% of Isolates Resistant to Penicillin
Trend for Penicillin-Resistant (MIC 2 mg/ml) S. pneumoniae in the US (1988-2002)
CHALLENGES IN THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
Changing population of hospital patients
Increased severity of illness Increased numbers of immunocompromised patients Shorter duration of hospitalization More and larger intensive care units
Pneumonia: 967 (46.9%) Other lower respiratory tract: 368 (17.8%) Urinary tract: 363 (17.6%) Bloodstream: 247 (12.0%)
myositis
Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-positive Cocci
Deaths: 20,000
Source: Centers for Disease Control. MMWR 1997;46(RR-8)
% of Isolates Resistant to Penicillin
Trend for Penicillin-Resistant (MIC 2 mg/ml) S. pneumoniae in the US (1988-2002)
CHALLENGES IN THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
Changing population of hospital patients
Increased severity of illness Increased numbers of immunocompromised patients Shorter duration of hospitalization More and larger intensive care units
Pneumonia: 967 (46.9%) Other lower respiratory tract: 368 (17.8%) Urinary tract: 363 (17.6%) Bloodstream: 247 (12.0%)
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3 Days 4 Days
62% 54%
78% 69%
83% 76
92%
97% 94%
5 Days 6 Days 7 Days 45% 36% 28% 59% 49% 39% 65% 54% 43% 71% 60% 49% 76% 66% 54% 81% 72% 60% 86% 77% 66% 89% 82% 72%
Points of Dispensing (PODs)
PODs are simply pre-identified sites where drugs are dispensed or administered to the affected population.
PODs are predetermined by the County Health Department and the local Emergency Operations Center.
Or Them?
Could This Happen, Again?
What If Anthrax Was Dusted on Boca Center or The Gardens Mall?
PB County Health Department Plan
In the Anthrax episode of October 2001, Palm Beach County requested assistance from the CDC’s Strategic National Stockpile
The number of PODs is dictated by the magnitude of the event and the number of support staff available.
DURATION
of Campaign 10 Days 7 Days 6 Days 5 Days 4 Days 3 Days 2 Days
1 Day
DELAY in Initiation
Immed. 1 Day 2 Days 84% 78% 71% 95% 91% 85% 97% 94% 89% 98% 96% 92% 99% 98% 95% 100% 99% 97% 100% 99% 98% 100% 100% 99%
We will need 45 Points of Dispensing (PODs) with 5,400 volunteers.
Each POD will have to dispense meds at the rate of 625 people per hour.
Anthrax Exposure: Proportion of Population Saved
Other Components - Managed Inventory (MI)
Large quantities of specific items to combat one or more specific threats.
The MI provides shipments of large and continuous quantities once the threat is known.
MI shipments will arrive in the state within 24- 36 hours of an approved request.
August 2005: CDC Designates PB County As A CRI County
As a Cities Readiness Initiative (CRI) Area we must provide preventative medication to our entire population of about 1.3 million people, in 48 hours.
Antibiotics (Cipro) were provided from CDC’s Strategic National Stockpile and Vendor Managed Inventory
In A Biological Emergency the Strategic National Stockpile Will Be Activated
The Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) is: Prepackaged medical materials Pre-positioned by CDC To augment state/local medical needs Responds to a wide range of expected problems associated with a chemical and/or biological incident/event.
Components of Strategic National Stockpile - 12 hour push package
(Phase I) Contains large quantities of
antibiotics, antidotes, medical supplies, and equipment to immediately treat or provide antibiotics or preventative medication to thousands of affected or symptomatic individuals
Mass Antibiotics Dispensing
At Residential Associations And Home Owners Associations As Points of Dispensing
Palm Beach County Health Department Office of Emergency Preparedness