表语从句
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1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引导主语从句时放在句首时，不能省略。
That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.(三)表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
The question was who could go there.2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.(四)宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。
引导宾语从句的连词that 一般可省略。
I hope (that) everything is all right.2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。
I’m interested in what you’ve said.3、whether与if常可互换。
但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
I wonder if it doesn’t rain.②宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if;不直接连用，可换。
I don’t know whether or not the report is true.I don’t know whether/ if th e report is true or not.(五)同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如:news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.一、表语从句概述1. 用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。
可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。
2. 引导表语从句的词:有从属连词that、whether、as though、as if、because;关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。
That引导表语从句时，在口语中，偶尔可以省略。
The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
二、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。
that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。
这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。
表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。
The trouble is (that) she has lost his money.麻烦的事是他丢了钱。
The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。
The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。
What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。
三、由关系代词引导的表语从句。
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。
The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。
The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。
That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。
That's what we should do.那是我们应该做的。
四、由关系副词引导的表语从句。
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.去把雨衣拿来。
就在你原来放的地方。
I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。
That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。
That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的。
五、由连词because，as if, as though等引导的表语从句。
It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
That's because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。
It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案。
非限定性定语从句:主句与从句需要用逗号隔开。
5.限定性定语从句: 从句只修饰先行词。
非限定性定语从句:从句既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部四、使用规则及注意事项1. which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which,for which或at which 。
其中，介词的选用，依据从句中的动词所需搭配的介词来选用。
例句：①Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing much in the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
②I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。
③We arrived the day that(on which) they left.刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. as有时也可用作关系代词。
as引导非限制性定语从句，若as在从句中作主语，其引导的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。
但which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放句中。
例句：As is reported in the newspaper ，some artistic treasureswill be on show at the exhibition on the weekend.4. 在非限定性定语从句中，关系词不能用that。
五、非限定性定语从句中用which和as的区别：1）as可指其前后主句提到的事实或情况，因此引导的非限制性从句位置比较灵活，which可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后：As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.Air, as we know, is gas.2）如果主句中叙述的事情与从句所涉及的意向一致，多用as，用以对主句的意义进行补充；如果不一致，就用which：She has married again, as was expected.He broke the rules again, which was unexpected.3）如表示“如同…那样，按照，正如”含义，常用as，这里as主要起与上下文联系的作用，表达说话人的看法，并指出内容，出处和根据等，常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）as often happens（正如常发生的那样）as is often the case（情况常常如此）as we all can see（正如我们看到的）be+announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown /reported（正如所。
）等。
这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末：As is known to all, China is a developing country. Kate was late for school , as often happened.4）在非限制性定语从句中关系代词指代主句中某一个单词时，常用which：My brother enjoyed playing basketball , which he really plays well. Beijing , which he was born in, is our capital.5）在非限制性定语从句中“介词+关系代词（介宾代物）”中关系代词只能用which ：The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for severalyears, has opened for new branchesAir is a mixture of gases, of which oxgen forms 21 percent. 6）在非限制性定语从句关系代词用以代表主句中谓语的整个概念，从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用which：He can write a letter in English, which I can not.Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone willl not 7）在非限制性定语从句关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时，常用which ：He said he had passed the exam , which was untrue强调句专题讲解常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。
