天津大学考博英语真题整理及考试方式

满分 (24%)PART ONE (30%)Direction: In this part of the test, there are 10 questions. For each question, you will have 5 segments. The segments are in mixed order. Drag them into right order to make a complete sentence. 题目1部分正确获得分中的分Drag the segments into right order to make a complete sentence. in North America,work absence are related todepression, according to some estimatesup to40% of disability claims for正确答案是：in North America,up to40% of disability claims forwork absence are related to depression, according to some estimates 题目2部分正确获得分中的分Drag the segments into right order to make a complete sentence. we welcomethis report’s emphasistackling this public health crisisthat physicians play inon the vital role我不知道反馈正确答案是：we welcomethis report’s emphasison the vital rolethat physicians play intackling this public health crisis题目3from different backgroundsto learn and thrive in a changing worldwho have dedicated themselveswe greatly admire the teachersto helping children正确答案是：we greatly admire the teacherswho have dedicated themselvesto helping childrenfrom different backgroundsto learn and thrive in a changing world题目4Drag the segments into right order to make a complete sentence. thinking about how to providea lot of timea better future fora typical Tiger Mum spendsher only child正确答案是：a typical Tiger Mum spendsa lot of timethinking about how to provide a better future forher only child题目5部分正确获得分中的分is more likerenting accessowning one outrightto a book thanthe transaction正确答案是：the transactionis more likerenting accessto a book thanowning one outright题目6不正确获得分中的分are merely upgradesto grasp that new goodsof existing onesmore subtly,statisticians sometimes fail正确答案是：more subtly,statisticians sometimes failto grasp that new goodsare merely upgradesof existing ones题目7不正确获得分中的分a good many yearsin advance of the people who are living in itmaterial progress has racedthat the world itself isso far ahead of mental and spiritual progress我不知道反馈正确答案是：material progress has racedso far ahead of mental and spiritual progress that the world itself isa good many yearsin advance of the people who are living in it题目8部分正确获得分中的分dominatedin 2006 the list wasby 84 companiesfrom the four BRIC countriesincluding 44 from China alone我不知道反馈正确答案是：in 2006 the list wasdominatedby 84 companiesfrom the four BRIC countriesincluding 44 from China alone题目9正确获得分中的分adapting to local circumstances meansrecognizing thatemerging-world consumers arean odd mixture ofignorance and sophistication我不知道题目10不正确获得分中的分disaster relief funding,mitigate the risk of living off the landadvances in agricultural technology,as well as the safety net ofcrop insurance, subsidies and我不知道反馈正确答案是：advances in agricultural technology,as well as the safety net ofcrop insurance, subsidies anddisaster relief funding,mitigate the risk of living off the land 题目11部分正确获得分中的分PART TWO (20%)Direction: In this part of the test, you will have 5 short paragraphs. Re-arrange them (by dragging) so that they are in right order and thus make a complete passage. The 3rd paragraph has been labeled for you.This pattern is occurring throughout the industrialized world. Even developing nations are facing increasing technological unemployment as transnational companies build state-of-the-art high-tech production facilities, letting go millions of cheap laborers who can no longer compete with the cost efficiency, quality control, and speed of delivery achieved by automated manufacturing.(3) Corporate leaders and mainstream economists tell us that the rising unemployment figures represent short-term "adjustments" to powerful market-driven forces that are speeding the global economy in a new direction. They hold out the promise of an exciting newworld of high-tech automated production, booming global commerce, and unprecedented material abundance. Millions of working people remain skeptical. In the United States, Fortune magazine found that corporations are eliminating more than 2 million jobs annually. While some new jobs are being created in the US economy, they are in the low-paying sectors and are usually temporary.More than 800 million human beings are now unemployed or underemployed in the world. That figure is likely to rise sharply between now and the turn of the century as millions of new entrants into the workforce find themselves without jobs.A technology revolution is fast replacing human beings with machines in virtually every sector and industry in the global economy. Already, millions of workers have been permanently eliminated from the economic process, and whole work categories and job assignments have shrunk, been restructured, or disappeared. Global unemployment has now reached its highest level since the great depression of the 1930s.With current surveys showing that less than five percent ofcompanies around the world have even begun the transition to the new machine culture, massive unemployment of a kind never before experienced seems all but inevitable in the coming decades. Reflecting on the significance of the transition taking place, the distinguished Nobel laureate economist Wasilly Leontief warned that with the introduction of increasingly sophisticated computers, "The role of humans as the most important factor of production is bound to diminish in the same way that the role of horses in agricultural production was first diminished and then eliminated by the introduction of tractors."我不知道反馈正确答案是：A technology revolution is fast replacing human beings with machines in virtually every sector and industry in the global economy. Already, millions of workers have been permanently eliminated from the economic process, and whole work categories and job assignments have shrunk, been restructured, or disappeared. Global unemploymenthas now reached its highest level since the great depression of the 1930s.More than 800 million human beings are now unemployed or underemployed in the world. That figure is likely to rise sharply between now and the turn of the century as millions of new entrants into the workforce find themselves without jobs.(3) Corporate leaders and mainstream economists tell us that the rising unemployment figures represent short-term "adjustments" to powerful market-driven forces that are speeding the global economy in a new direction. They hold out the promise of an exciting new world of high-tech automated production, booming global commerce, and unprecedented material abundance. Millions of working people remain skeptical. In the United States, Fortune magazine found that corporations are eliminating more than 2 million jobs annually. While some new jobs are being created in the US economy, they are in the low-paying sectors and are usually temporary.This pattern is occurring throughout the industrialized world. Even developing nations are facing increasing technological unemployment as transnational companies build state-of-the-arthigh-tech production facilities, letting go millions of cheap laborers who can no longer compete with the cost efficiency, quality control, and speed of delivery achieved by automated manufacturing.With current surveys showing that less than five percent of companies around the world have even begun the transition to the new machine culture, massive unemployment of a kind never before experienced seems all but inevitable in the coming decades. Reflecting on the significance of the transition taking place, the distinguished Nobel laureate economist Wasilly Leontief warned that with the introduction of increasingly sophisticated computers, "The role of humans as the most important factor of production is bound to diminish in the same way that the role of horses in agricultural production was first diminished and then eliminated by the introduction of tractors."题目12部分正确获得分中的分题干PART THREE (20%)Direction: In this part of the test, you will have a passage with 10 missing words/expressions. Choose ONE word/expression from the box below and drag your choice to its place.In a world where many traditional forms of work are ever changing, good academic qualifications alone will no longer guarantee work. This is partly because of the transience of many contemporary forms of work. It is because there are many more people with academic qualifications. As the of work changes, education itself is becoming one of the world’s biggest industries.It has been estimated that education and training now six per cent of world GDP. The United Nations predicts that in the next thirty years more people will be looking for qualifications in education than since the beginning of civilization. This has profound for the sorts of education people need, and for the of thequalifications they receive. One emergent issue is academic inflation. Qualifications are a form of currency. Their value is related to the prevailing exchange rate for employment or higher education. all currencies, they can inflate when there are too many in relation to the opportunities . Two or three A-levels once a university place: the baseline for many courses is now much higher. A first degree once guaranteed a job: the baseline is now a master’s degree or even a PhD. This is a structural problem for all education systems, and it may compound the number of people in formal education continues to increase. Whatever other issues it raises, one is already clear. Academic qualifications alone are no longer enough. Increasingly, employers and others emphasize the need for the qualities and aptitudes which academic qualifications are not designed to produce powers of creativity, of communication, of adaptability, and social skills.secured account for as nature value available implications also like consequencesecuredaccount foras naturevalue availableimplicationsalsolikeconsequence反馈The correct answer is:PART THREE (20%)Direction: In this part of the test, you will have a passage with 10 missing words/expressions. Choose ONE word/expression from the box below and drag your choice to its place.In a world where many traditional forms of work are ever changing, good academic qualifications alone will no longer guarantee work. This is partly because of the transience of many contemporary forms of work. It is [also] because there are many more people with academic qualifications. As the [nature]of work changes, education itself is becoming one of the world’s biggest industries.It has been estimated that education and training now [account for] six per cent of world GDP. The United Nations predicts that in the next thirty years more people will be looking for qualifications in education than since the beginning of civilization. This has profound [implications]for the sorts of education people need, and for the [value ]of the qualifications they receive. One emergent issue is academic inflation. Qualifications are a form of currency. Their value is related to the prevailing exchange rate foremployment or higher education. [like] all currencies, they can inflate when there are too many in relation to the opportunities [available]. Two or three A-levels once [secured]a university place: the baseline for many courses is now much higher. A first degree once guaranteed a job: the baseline is now a master’s degree or even a PhD. This is a structural problem for all education systems, and it may compound [as ]the number of people in formal education continues to increase. Whatever other issues it raises, one [consequence]is already clear. Academic qualifications alone are no longer enough. Increasingly, employers and others emphasize the need for the qualities and aptitudes which academic qualifications are not designed to produce powers of creativity, of communication, of adaptability, and social skills.窗体底端。

天津大学考博英语翻译真题解析 The market share of international students enjoyed by British andUS universities has dropped sharply as Australia，Japan and NewZealand become increasingly popular destinations，according to aninternational comparison of education systems published yesterday.The latest edition of Education at a Glance，an annual auditpublished by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment，showed that although foreign students continue to beattracted to the two countries because of the English languageteaching and perceived quality of education，in relative terms theirposition is weakening.The Paris-based organisation reported that US market share fell2 per cent from 2002-3，while the UK suffered the fastest decline amongOECD members，falling from 16.2 per cent in 1998 to 13.5 percent in2003.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) The most recent year used by the report is 2003 so the percentagesdid not include a 21.3 per cent fall in the number of Chinese studentsaccepted for university courses in Britain this year. Britain isincreasingly reliant on the higher fees paid by students from outsidethe European Union to help sustain its universities for domesticstudents.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) The overall number of students studying outside their owncountries stood at 2.1m in 2003，an 8.3 percent annual average increasesince 1998.According to the report the international complexion of US campuses has changed strikingly since September 11 2001. The country''s universities have seen decreases of 10-37 per cent in students from the Gulf states，northern Africa and some south-east Asian countries.The report also concluded that despite continued，if uneven，growth in the number of graduates churned out by the rich world''s universities，the monetary value of a degree showed no sign of having been tarnished.Andreas Schleicher，head of the Indicators and Analysis Division of the OECD''s Directorate of Education，said there was no evidence of inflation of the labour-market value of qualifications and that graduates could expect to continue to earn considerably more than those without a degree.Assessing the performance of the world''s schools，Mr Schleicher said Asia was soaring while Europe remained level and South America had slipped into relative decline.一、全文翻译英美大学留学生人数骤跌据昨天公布的一项国际教育体系比较研究称，英美大学的留学生市场份额急剧下降，而澳大利亚、日本和新西兰日益成为受欢迎的留学目的地。

天津医科大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Until about five years ago,the very idea that peptide hormonesmight be made anywhere in the brain besides the hypothalamus wasastounding.Peptide hormones,scientists thought,were made byendocrine glands and the hypothalamus was thought to be the brains’only endocrine gland.What is more,because peptide hormones cannotcross the blood-brain barrier,researchers believed that they nevergot to any part of the brain other than the hypothalamus,where theywere simply produced and then released into the bloodstream.But these beliefs about peptide hormones were questioned as Gengduo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lianxi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi laboratory afterlaboratory found that antiserums to peptide hormones,when injectedinto the brain,bind in places other than the hypothalamus,indicatingthat either the hormones or substances that cross-react with theantiserums are present.The immunological method of detecting peptidehormones by means of antiserums,however,is imprecise.Cross-reactions are possible and this method cannot determine whetherthe substances detected by the antiserums really are the hormones,or merely close relatives.Furthermore,this method cannot be usedto determine the location in the body where the detected substancesare actually produced.New techniques of molecular biology,however,provide a way toanswer these questions.It is possible to make specific complementaryDNA’s(c DNA’s)that can serve as molecular probes seek out the messenger RNA’s(mRNA’s)of the peptide hormones.If brain cells are making the hormones,the cells will contain these mRNA’s.If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them,then the c DNA’s should still bind to these mRNA’s, but should not bind as tightly as they would to m RNA’s for the true hormones.The cells containing these mRNA’s can then be isolated and their mRNA’s decoded to determine just what their protein products are and how closely the products resemble the true peptide hormones.The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them.Roberts,expressing the sentiment of many researchers,states:“I was trained as an endocrinologist.But it became clear to me that the field of endocrinology needed molecular biology input.The process of grinding out protein purifications is just too slow.”If,as the initial tests with cDNA probes suggest,peptide hormones really are made in brain in areas other than the hypothalamus, a theory must be developed that explains their function in the brain. Some have suggested that the hormones are all growth regulators,but Rosen’s work on rat brains indicates that this cannot be true.A number of other researchers propose that they might be used for intercellular communication in the brain.1.Which of the following titles best summarizes the text?[A]Is Molecular Biology the Key to Understanding Intercellular Communication in the Brain?[B]Molecular Biology:Can Researchers Exploit Its Techniques to Synthesize Peptide Hormones?[C]The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Immunological Approach to Detecting Peptide Hormones.[D]Peptide Hormones:How Scientists Are Attempting to Solve Problems of Their Detection and to Understand Their Function?2.The text suggests that a substance detected in the brain by use of antiserums to peptide hormones may[A]have been stored in the brain for a long period of time.[B]play no role in the functioning of the brain.[C]have been produced in some part of the body other than the brain.[D]have escaped detection by molecular methods.3.According to the text,confirmation of the belief that peptide hormones are created in the brain in areas other than the hypothalamus would force scientists to[A]reject the theory that peptide hormones are made by endocrine glands.[B]revise their beliefs about the ability of antiserums to detect peptide hormones.[C]invent techniques that would allow them to locate accuratelybrain cells that produce peptide hormones.[D]develop a theory that account for the role played by peptide hormones in the brain.4.Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a drawback of the immunological method of detecting peptide hormones?[A]It cannot be used to detect the presence of growth regulators in the brain.[B]It cannot distinguish between the peptide hormones and substances that are very similar to them.[C]It uses antiserums that are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier.[D]It involves a purification process that requires extensive training in endocrinology.5.The idea that the field of endocrinology can gain from developments in molecular biology is regarded by Roberts with[A]incredulity.[B]derision.[C]indifference.[D]enthusiasm.[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】D【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。

天津财经大学博士英语考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Tianjin University of Finance and Economics Doctoral English ExamSection A: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Tianjin University of Finance and Economics (TUFE) is a renowned institution specializing in economics, finance, and management studies. Founded in 1958, TUFE has a long history of providing quality education and preparing students for successful careers in the business world.1. When was Tianjin University of Finance and Economics founded?A. 1968B. 1978C. 19582. What subjects does TUFE specialize in?A. MedicineB. Economics, finance, and managementC. Engineering3. What is TUFE known for?A. Providing quality education in the field of economicsB. Preparing students for careers in financeC. Both A and BAnswer key:1. C. 19582. B. Economics, finance, and management3. C. Both A and BSection B: WritingWrite an essay on the following topic:"In recent years, the importance of financial literacy has gained increased attention. Discuss the significance of financial literacy and its impact on individuals and society."Section C: Listening ComprehensionListen to the audio clip and answer the questions that follow.1. What is the main topic of the audio clip?A. The economy of ChinaB. The impact of globalization on businessesC. The importance of sustainable development2. Which of the following statements is true?A. Globalization has had no impact on local businesses.B. Sustainable development is not a priority for businesses.C. The economy of China has grown significantly in recent years.Answer key:1. B. The impact of globalization on businesses2. C. The economy of China has grown significantly in recent yearsRemember to review your answers before submitting your exam paper. Good luck!篇2Tianjin University of Finance and Economics Doctoral English ExaminationSection 1: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions below:Passage:Why do some cultures achieve so much more than others in the same amount of time? This question was posed by a world famous demographer, Jared Diamond, in his book "Guns, Germs, and Steel." Diamond argues that the answer lies not in race or genetics, but rather in the environments and geographical advantages that different cultures have had. He explores how geography, climate, and access to resources have shaped societies throughout history.Questions:1. According to Jared Diamond, what determines the success of different cultures?2. What factors does Diamond believe have shaped societies throughout history?Section 2: Writing TaskIn about 300 words, discuss the impact of globalization on culture and society. Include examples to support your argument.Section 3: Listening SkillsListen to the following dialogue and answer the questions below:Dialogue:A: Have you heard about the new trade agreement between our country and China?B: Yes, I read about it in the news. It's supposed to boost economic growth in both countries.A: That's right. It's a win-win situation for everyone involved.Questions:1. What is the topic of the dialogue?2. What is the expected outcome of the trade agreement between the two countries?Section 4: Speaking TaskPrepare a 2-3 minute presentation on the topic of "The Role of Technology in Modern Education." Discuss how technologyhas impacted education and the benefits and challenges it brings.Answers:Section 1:1. Jared Diamond believes that the success of different cultures is determined by the environments and geographical advantages they have had.2. Diamond argues that geography, climate, and access to resources have shaped societies throughout history.Section 2:Globalization has had a profound impact on culture and society. As countries become more interconnected through trade, communication, and technology, cultural exchange has increased significantly. For example, fast food chains like McDonald's have expanded to countries all over the world, bringing American culture and cuisine with them. Additionally, social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram allow people from different countries to connect and share their cultural traditions with one another. However, globalization has also led to the loss of traditional cultural practices as they are replaced by more Westernized ideals. Overall, while globalizationhas its benefits in terms of cultural exchange and economic growth, it also poses challenges in preserving cultural identity and diversity.Section 3:1. The topic of the dialogue is the new trade agreement between two countries.2. The expected outcome of the trade agreement is to boost economic growth in both countries.Section 4:Technology has revolutionized modern education, providing students and teachers with innovative tools to enhance learning. With the advent of online learning platforms and educational apps, students have access to a wide range of educational resources that cater to their individual needs and learning styles. Additionally, technology has made it easier for teachers to create interactive lessons and engage students in the learning process. However, the reliance on technology in education also raises concerns about screen time and the potential for distractions in the classroom. Despite these challenges, technology has undoubtedly transformed the way we learn and teach, pavingthe way for a more dynamic and personalized educational experience.篇3Tianjin University of Finance and Economics (TUFE) Doctoral English ExamPart I: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:Many people believe that success comes from talent, hard work, and luck. While all of these factors play a role, recent research has shown that mindset may be the most important factor in determining success. A mindset is a set of beliefs or attitudes that shape how we approach challenges and setbacks. There are two main types of mindset: a fixed mindset and a growth mindset.People with a fixed mindset believe that their abilities are fixed traits and that they cannot change them. They often avoid challenges that may expose their weaknesses and give up easily when faced with obstacles. On the other hand, people with agrowth mindset believe that their abilities can be developed through hard work and perseverance. They see setbacks as opportunities to learn and grow, and they are more likely to succeed in the long run.Research has shown that people with a growth mindset are more resilient, motivated, and successful than those with a fixed mindset. They are also more likely to take risks and embrace challenges, leading to greater learning and achievement. In short, mindset can play a significant role in determining success.Questions:1. What is a mindset?2. What are the two main types of mindset?3. How do people with a fixed mindset approach challenges and setbacks?4. Why are people with a growth mindset more likely to succeed?5. How can mindset play a significant role in determining success?Answers:1. A mindset is a set of beliefs or attitudes that shape how we approach challenges and setbacks.2. The two main types of mindset are a fixed mindset and a growth mindset.3. People with a fixed mindset believe that their abilities are fixed traits and they often avoid challenges and give up easily when faced with obstacles.4. People with a growth mindset are more likely to succeed because they believe that their abilities can be developed through hard work and perseverance.5. Mindset can play a significant role in determining success because it influences how we approach challenges, setbacks, and opportunities for growth.Part II: WritingWrite an essay (250-300 words) on the following topic:"In your opinion, what is the most important factor in determining success? Talent, hard work, luck, or mindset? Support your opinion with examples and reasons."Answer:In my opinion, mindset is the most important factor in determining success. While talent, hard work, and luck all play a role in achieving success, mindset shapes how we approach challenges, setbacks, and opportunities. People with a growth mindset are more resilient, motivated, and successful because they believe that their abilities can be developed through hard work and perseverance.For example, Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, is often quoted as saying, "I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work." This attitude reflects a growth mindset in which setbacks are seen as opportunities to learn and grow. Edison's mindset allowed him to persevere through failures and eventually achieve success.On the other hand, people with a fixed mindset may avoid challenges that expose their weaknesses or give up easily when faced with obstacles. This can limit their potential for growth and success. Without the belief that abilities can be developed through effort, people may be less likely to take risks or embrace opportunities for learning and achievement.In conclusion, mindset plays a significant role in determining success because it influences how we approach challenges, setbacks, and opportunities. By cultivating a growth mindset,individuals can become more resilient, motivated, and successful in achieving their goals. Talent, hard work, and luck are important factors, but mindset ultimately shapes our path to success.。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In （）times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favourable climate. 问题1选项A.primeB.primitiveC.primaryD.preliminary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。

prime意为“主要的，上乘的”；primitive意为“原始的，远古的”；primary 意为“首要的，主要的”；preliminary意为“初步的，初级的”。

句意：在远古时代，人类旅行不是为了娱乐，而是为了找到更有利的气候。

2.单选题Some hard plastics can be （）metals in manufacturing machine parts.问题1选项A.substituted forB.taken the place ofC.replaced inD.given way to 【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

substitute for意为“替代，取代”；take the place of意为“代替”，一般指取代某人的位置；replace in意为“以……代替”，replace后直接接宾语；give way to意为“向……让步，被……替代”。

句意：在生产机器零件时，一些硬塑料可以取代金属。

3.单选题California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another. People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles.In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance.Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles.The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles. California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all: they are dried-up lake beds. In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.1.Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States?2.Where is the highest point in the United States located?3.How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney?4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield?5.Which statement beat demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast?问题1选项ke TulainyoB.Mojave DesertC.Death ValleyD.The Salton Sea问题2选项ke TahoeB.Sierra NevadaC.Mount WhineyD.Alaska问题3选项A.About 3 milesB.Only 100 milesC.282 feetD.14,494 feet问题4选项A.The Pacific OceanB.San Joaquin ValleyC.Mojave DesertD.Oregon and Washington问题5选项A.The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo.B.It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travel long distance.C.Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean all lie within a radius of about 100 miles.D.Owens Lake, in Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Fortune tellers are good at making （）statements such as “Your sorrows will change”.问题1选项A.philosophicalB.literalC.ambiguousD.invalid【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。

philosophical意为“哲学上的”；literal意为“字面的”；ambiguous意为“含糊的，不明确的”；invalid意为“无效的”。

句意：算命先生擅长发表诸如“你的悲伤会改变”这样的模糊的陈述。

2.单选题My uncle is quite worm out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man （）he was fifteen years ago.问题1选项A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that 【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。

先行词the man表示人，不能用which，关系代词在从句中作表语，只能用that 引导。

句意：我叔叔经过多年的艰苦工作，累得精疲力竭。

他不再是十五年前的那个人了。

3.单选题A great amount of work has gone into （）the Cathedral to its previous splendor.问题1选项A.refreshingB.restoringC.renovatingD.renewing【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。

refreshing意为“使恢复精神，提醒”；restoring意为“修复，整修”，强调恢复原貌，一般指被毁坏的艺术品或建筑物；renovating意为“翻新，修复”，一般整修旧建筑物；renewing意为“重新开始，重申”。

课程编号：2215 课程名称：电力网络分析一、考试的总体要求要求掌握电力网络的基本概念、理论和分析计算方法，灵活运用所学的知识和方法来分析和计算电力网络及电力系统故障的问题。

二、考试的内容及比例1、电力系统元件的等值电路及参数计算（10%）1）电力线路的等值电路与参数计算2）变压器的等值电路与参数计算3）发电机的等值电路与参数计算4）电力网络等值电路及其标幺值参数计算2、简单电力系统的潮流计算（20%）1）功率损耗和电压降落2）开式网络的潮流计算3）配电网络的潮流计算4）闭式网络的的潮流计算5）输电线路的运行特性3、电力系统的正常运行与控制（20%）1）电力系统的有功功率平衡和频率的调整与控制2）电力系统的无功功率平衡和电压调整与控制3）电力系统的能竄损耗与降低损耗的措施4、电力系统故障与实用短路电流计算（50%）1）简单系统三相短路电流的实用计算方法对称分最法3）同步发电机、变压器、输电线的正、负、零序等值电路与参数4）简单电网的止、负、零序网络的制定方法5）不对称短路的故障边界条件和相应的复合序网6）不对称短路时网络中的电流、电压计算7）电流、电压对称分昴经过Y/A・l 1变压器后的柑位变换8）非全相运行三、考试的题型填空题、问答题、计算题。

四、考试形式及时间考试形式为笔试，考试时间为3小时五、主要参考书目1.《电力系统分析》（上、下）何仰赞温増银华中科技出版社2.《电力系统分析》夏道止主编水电出版社课程编号：2217 课程名称：线性控制理论一、考试的总体要求掌握自动控制原理与现代控制理论的基本内容、分析与设计方法,并能运用其解决实际问题。

二、考试的内容及比例自动控制原理20%：时频分析，根轨迹，系统校止及非线性系统的综合性问题现代控制理论80%：系统状态空间表达式，能控能观性，李亚普诺夫稳定性，动、静态反馈，极点配置，镇定, 解耦，全阶与降阶观测器的设计，线性二次最优控制，频域分析初步。

三、考试的题型及比例题型分简答题，计算题，证明题，设计题等，所占比例没有限定。

博士研究生入学考试英语试题考试科目名称：英语试题适用招生专业：全校考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

Part I Listening Comprehension (15%)Section A Short dialoguesDirections:In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).1. A. He lost the calculator.B. He doesn’t know where the calculator is.C. He thinks he broke the calculator.D. He doesn’t know the answer to the problem.2. A. He lost it.B. He used it last night.C. He was the last to use it.D. He finally brought it back.3. A. The woman should buy some new trousers.B. The woman should buy some clothes for larger size.C. The woman should eat less.D. The woman should do exercises.4. A. At a theater.B. At a booking office.C. At a railway station.D. At a restaurant.5. A. The size of the room.B. Long working hours.C. The hot weather.D. The fan in the room.Section B PassagesDirections:In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).Passage One6. A. A dozen.B. Two dozen.C. A half dozen.D. Five dozen.7. A. They don’t stay fresh very long.B. They smell nice.C. They are too expensive.D. They aren’t very pretty.8. A. Oil and vinegar.B. Sugar and white vinegar.C. Sugar and oil.D. Aspirin.Passage Two9. A. Miller was loved by her parents.B. Miller was loved by her sisters.C. Miller was loved by her brothers.D. Miller enjoyed a happy life as a child.10. A. Maths.B. painting.C. Both A and B.D. Neither A nor B.Section C Summary writingDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read, you are required to write a summary of about 60 words on Answer Sheet II.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (10%)Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences or sentences with underlined words or phrases in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence or replace the underlined part of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).11. There has been a decline _______ the number of people borrowing from public libraries.A. onB. inC. withD. at12. The harder a student studies, _______.A. the more his body gives off heatB. his body gives off more heatC. the more heat does his body gives offD. the more heat his body gives off13. When she heard the bad news, she _______completely.A. broke awayB. broke downC. broke outD. broke through14. The clerk muttered under his breath as he brought the _______ the tenth pair of shoes.A. clientB. attorneyC. agentD. consumer15. Association refers to _______ the material we want to remember and _______ it to something we remember accurately.A. taking … relatingB. take … relateC. taking … relateD. take … relating16. They took _______ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.A. fruitfulB. beneficialC. validD. effective17. With the help of a metal detector, they discovered that wreckage lay _______ over a 2,000-square-feet area, often buried beneath sand and seaweed.A. scatteredB. separatedC. dispersedD. distributed18. It was his wife’s encouragement that had _______ his through the bad times.A. deliveredB. relievedC. sentD. brought19. The distance from the Earth to the spacecraft is often determined very accuratelyfrom the time _______ between two radio signals.A. interactionB. alternativeC. interferenceD. interval20. Finding himself trapped in the Death Valley, he had a sudden feeling of _______.A. despairB. desperateC. frightenedD. dreadful21. In a time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keep pace with the rapid changes ofsociety.A. take stepB. match upC. keep in touchD. make progress22. If decisions are delayed until the problems become worse, possibilities for effective actions will be severely reduced.A. optionsB. notionsC. fortunesD. occasions23. You can add the fluid to the powder, or, vice versa, the powder to the fluid.A. conventionallyB. convertiblyC. converselyD. conversationally24. She anxiously inspected the faces of the men leaving the train in the hope of find her husband.A. approachedB. searchedC. scannedD. recalled25. In Britain, and on the Continent too, the Japanese are sometimes viewed as a threat to domestic industries.A. looked likeB. varied withC. thought forD. supposed as26. With an old screwdriver he rasped the mortar away from around one of the bricks in the endwall.A. scrapedB. brushedC. pulledD. ported27. As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free tax-supported schools must be established inevery town having 50 household or more.A. foundedB. foundC. formulatedD. funded28. He said that he had never come across a painting which pleased him more.A. seen aboutB. viewed asC. happened toD. met with29. My book is practically finished; I have only a few changes to make in the writing.A. virtuallyB. verticallyC. violentlyD. visually30. The teacher congratulated the student who won the prize in the speech contest.A. consoledB. comfortedC. applaudedD. consultedPart III Cloze (10%)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).Scientists searching for precious metals have turned to the ocean floor, where natural chimneys are spewing out a metal-enriched black dust containing particles of gold, silver and zinc.Scientists 31 these hot springs are recreating the process which, billions of years ago, created 32 metal deposits now found on land.The discovery is giving geologists a 33 into the earth’s early history and fuelling some new theories on origin of life.It also has huge implications for 34 companies.Geologists are just beginning to understand how these chimneys, 35 clusters of sulphur and minerals, are formed, and what makes them spew out the mineralized dust.At present it is not commercially 36 for mining companies to operate beneath the sea, although some scientists believe the “black smokers”, 37 known as active mineralizing systems, will be a major—and renewable —source of metals in the next decade.38 the meantime, mining companies are using the ocean-floor research to locate similar deposits on land.“The hottest thing in the mining research game right now is the39 within the past few years of mineral deposits currently forming—in front of our eyes—on the ocean floor,” said Dr. Joseph Fox, a Montreal (加拿大蒙特利尔) geologist.Canada has mined some of the richest copper, zinc and gold 40 in the world. In the past year, mining companies have used knowledge about where mineral formations 41 on the ocean floor to find the deposits on land.Geologists are excited because, 42 metal deposits on land, which are two or three billion years old, the undersea deposits keep 43 themselves.“It’s really incredible to think that we have a renewable metal resource44 we’ve been taught to think of metal resources as non-renewable,” Fox said.The 30-foot-high (10-metre) chimneys or vents, 45 in 1979, are found along fractures in the ocean’s crust.Scientists believe the deposits form when cold sea-water seeps into the fractures, leaving metals 46 it is drawn down.As the water travels in the direction of the earth’s core, it47 up. Eventually, the hot water rises, carrying with it the hot metal sulphide 48 the ocean floor.When the hot sulphide meets the cold sea water, a thick black smoke-like substance is formed, spewing out of vents in built-up deposits of 49 .The particles in the smoke eventually 50 on the ocean floor, forming vast solid sheets of metal sulphide. 31. A. believe B. thought C. uncover D. found32. A. smooth B. tiny C. vast D. rust33. A. chance B. revision C. weapon D. glimpse34. A. metal B. mining C. alloy D. global35. A. made of B. consisting in C. resulted from D. dealing with36. A. periodic B. reliable C. comparative D. feasible37. A. formally B. chiefly C. economically D. occasionally38. A. At B. On C. In D. For39. A. invention B. discovery C. findings D. theory40. A. samples B. deposits C. mines D. fractions41. A. range B. suffer C. occur D. form42. A. unlike B. like C. as D. except43. A. to renew B. renewing C. having renewed D. to be renewed44. A. before B. until C. because D. when45. A. broken B. fixed C. discovered D. originated46. A. since B. as C. for D. whereas47. A. speeds B. goes C. gives D. heats48. A. from B. on C. toward D. beyond49. A. sulphide B. substance C. deposits D. element50. A. rely B. move C. turn D. settlePart IV Reading Comprehension (25%)Directions:There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). Passage OneQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyze their embarrassing lapses in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings. None did the lapses appear to be entirely random.One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earnings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures.”Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing—an average of twelve each. There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest. These are two hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m. “Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain ‘programmes’ occurs, as for instance between going to and from work.” Women on average reported slightly more lapses—12.5 compared with 10.9 for men probably because they were more reliable reporters.A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse—even dangerous.51. In this study Professor Smith asked the subjects _______.A. to keep track of people who tend to forget thingsB. to report their embarrassing lapses at randomC. to analyze their awkward experiences scientificallyD. to keep a record of what they did unintentionally52. Professor Smith discovered that _______.A. certain patterns can be indentified in the recorded incidentsB. many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindednessC. men tend to be more absent-minded than womenD. absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness53. “Programme assembly failures (Sentence 6, Paragraph 2)” refers to the phenomenon thatpeople _______.A. often fail to programme their routines beforehandB. tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurryC. unconsciously change the sequence of doing thingsD. are likely to mess thing up if they are too tired54. We learn from the third paragraph that _______.A. absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the dayB. women are very careful to perform actions during peak periodsC. women experience more peak periods of absent-mindednessD. men’s absent-mindedness often results in funny situations55. It can be concluded from the passage that _______.A. people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapsesB. hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good atC. people should be careful when programming their actionsD. lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentrationPassage TwoQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The two claws of the mature American lobster are decidedly different from each other. The crusher claw is short and stout; the cutter claw is long and slender. Such bilateral asymmetry, in which the right side of the body is, in all other respects, a mirror image of the left side, is not unlike handedness in humans. But where the majority of humans are right-handed, in lobsters the crusher claw appears with equal probability on either the right side or left side of the body.Bilateral asymmetry of the claws comes about gradually. In the juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development, the paired claws are symmetrical and cutter like. Asymmetry begins to appear in the juvenile sixth stage of development, and the paired claws farther diverge toward well-defined cutter and crusher claws during succeeding stages. An intriguing aspect of this development was discovered by Victor Emmer. He found that if one of the paired claws is removed during the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw invariably becomes a crusher, while the regenerated claw becomes a stutter. Removal of a claw during a later juvenile stage or during adulthood, when asymmetry is present, does not alter the asymmetry; the intact and regenerated claws retain their original structures.These observations indicate that the conditions that trigger differentiation must operate in a random manner when the paired claws are intact, but in a nonrandom manner when one of the claws is lost. One possible explanation is that differential use of the claws determines their asymmetry. Perhaps the claw that is used more becomes the crusher. This would explain why, when one of the claws is missing during the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw always becomes a crusher. With two intact claws, initial use of one claw might prompt the animal to use it more than the other throughout the juvenile fourth and fifth stages, causing it to become a crusher. To test this hypothesis, researchers raised lobsters inthe juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development in a laboratory environment in which the lobster could manipulate oyster chips. (Not coincidentally, at this stage of development lobsters typically change from a habitat where they drift passively, to the ocean floor where they have the opportunity to be more active by borrowing in the substrate.) Under these conditions, the lobsters developed asymmetric claws, half with crusher claws on the left, and half with crusher claws on the right. In contrast, when juvenile lobsters were reared in a smooth tank without the oyster chips, the majority developed two cutter claws. This unusual configuration of symmetrical cutter claws did not change when the lobsters were subsequently placed in a manipulable environment or when they lost and regenerated one or both claws.56. The passage is primarily concerned with _______.A. drawing an analogy between asymmetry in lobsters and handedness in humansB. discussing a possible explanation for the way bilateral asymmetry is determined inlobstersC. explaining differences between lobsters’ crusher claws and cutter clawsD. developing a method for predicating whether crusher claws in lobsters will appear onthe left or right side57. Which of the following experimental result, if observed, would most clearly contradict thefindings of Victor Emmer?A. A left cutter like claw is removed in the fifth stage and a crusher claw develops on theright side.B. A left cutter like claw is removed in the fourth stage and a crusher claw develops on theleft side.C. A left cutter like claw is removed in the sixth stage and a crusher claw develops on theright side.D. A left cutter like claw is removed in the fourth stage and a crusher claw develops on theright side.58. It can be inferred from the passage that one difference between lobsters in the earlier stagesof development and those in the juvenile fourth and fifth stages is that lobsters in the earlystages are _______.A. more likely to regenerate a lost clawB. more likely to replace a crusher claw with a cutter clawC. likely to be less symmetricalD. likely to be less active59. Which of the following conditions does the passage suggest is a possible cause for the failureof a lobster to develop a crusher claw?A. The loss of a claw during the third or earlier stage of development.B. The loss of a claw during the fourth or fifth stage of development.C. The loss of a claw during the sixth stage of development.D. Development in an environment devoid of material that can be manipulated.60. The author regards the idea that differentiation is triggered randomly when paired clawsremain intact as _______.A. irrefutable considering the authoritative nature of Emmer’s observationsB. contradictory to conventional thinking on lobster-claw differentiationC. likely in view of present evidenceD. purely speculative because it is based on scattered research and experimentationPassage Threephysical chemist who divides his time between the University of California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, has a goal to create a computer model of how the cell works so that someday he’ll be able to design his own cells from scratch.It’s a daunting task. A single enzyme in a liver c ell may be controlled by as many as 14 different regulatory processes. Multiply that by thousands of interconnected chemical reactions operating simultaneously in billions of cells, and you’ve got one incredibly complex system.Enter a computer program called SPICE (Simulation Program for Integrated Circuit Evaluation), developed at the University of California, Berkeley, in the 1970s. SPICE allowed engineers to analyze their electronic circuits and predict, more or less accurately, how they would work before they were actually built. There would always be problems to iron out, but at least the program pointed chip designers in the right direction.Arkin is developing a similar program he calls bio/SPICE that he hopes will do for the cell what SPICE did for the chip. His first targets are simple bacteria. “They’re still complicated enough that we get depressed,” Arkin admits with a laugh. But he has already had some success grouping reactions together by the kinds of jobs they do. And, sure enough, some of them bear a remarkable resemblance to the gates and switches of an electronic circuit.Of course, no one knows for sure whether Arkin or anyone else will be able to develop a working computer model of the cell. But it’s the sort of project that could keep sc ientists busy for another 100 years.61. In the first paragraph, “… what makes them tick …” means _______.A. why something operates as it doesB. what makes cells thick and then block in blood streamsC. what cells consist ofD. how cells are born and die62. What do we learn from the passage?A. What Arkin intends to achieve is unprecedented.B. Arkin has just followed the past biologists’ footprints and nothing newC. Arkin, based on the work of others, wants to build a computer model of his ownD. To de sign one’s own cells is what biologists have dreamed of for almost a century.63. Which of the following adjectives can best describe the task Arkin is engaged in?A. Challenging.B. Delicate.C. Simple.D. Depressing.64. How is Arkin getting on with his work?A. Getting nowhere.B. Getting somewhere.C. There is a bigger breakthrough.D. There is a remarkable resemblance found in his research.65. What is the author’s attitude towards Arkin’s research?A. Suspicious.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Indifferent.Passage FourGetting ready to go back to school in the good old days of, say, 1998 meant a few trips to the mall and a quick check of the bus route. This year, for many parents, there are some new things to remember: The teacher’s e-mail address, the school’s website and which night online homework helps chat will be offered. “The 1999-2000 school year will be the one when the majority of parents really feel the Internet’s influence on their children’s education at the everyday level,” says Jonathan Carson, chairman of the Family Education Co., which offers a parenting website at and a framework for local schools to create and maintain their own sites.This year promises to show a quantum leap in the spread of school technology: Parents in many districts can expect to be able to check the school lunch menu, read class notes, see activity calendar and view nightly homework assignments—all online. “The schools are wired,” says Carson. “A majority of parents now have access and the educators are ready to go.”Over the summer, parents of high school German students in Ithaca, N.Y. got to be part of a class to Europe, through their home computers. The class brought a digital camera and laptop with them to Germany and documented their visit on their web page. Hazy Ash, father of 16-year-old traveler Bria n, found it reassuring to see his son’s smiling face from half a world away. Before their kids left, parents had checked the site for scheduling information, a list of activities and advice on cultural differences.When it’s designed well, a district, school or classroom website can change the relationship between the parents and the school, says Cynthia Lapier, Ithaca’s director of information and instructional technology. “The more you can involve parents in school, the better,” Lapier says. “The technology gives us another way to reach them, especially parents of secondary school students, who tend to be less involved.”Ithaca High School physics teacher, Stever Wirt, gets e-mail from parents regularly, some from the parents he believes might otherwise not pick up the phone with a concern. Using software called Blackboard Course Info, Wirt conducts online chats with his students often reviewing for a quiz or discussing homework problems.The way things are going, by the end of this year, many parents may be fully converted—and in fact dependent upon their school’s technological capabilities. At a recently wired school in Novi, Michigan, the school webmaster was just a few hours late posting the lunch-menu calendar on the website. In that time, more than a dozen parents called him by telephone to request the information. “A year ago, it never would have been there,” says Carson. And now parents are finding it’s tough to get by without it.在像1998年那样经济繁荣的岁月里，父母为孩子开学返校需要做的准备工作包括去逛几次商场和文具店, 快速核实一下校车路线。

天津大学博士英语考试试卷科目： 博士生英语学院：专业：I. Listening Comprehension: (25%)Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversationsand 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.1. A) She is a little tired. B) She is going to study.C) She wants to listen to music.D) She is going to make a reservation. 2. A) At an art exhibit. B) In a supermarket. C) In a shoe store. D) In a clothing store. 3. A) They had no time.B) They couldn’t afford it after buying their motor -bike. C) The old one was still working.D) They both want to buy a motor-bike.4. A) She doesn’t understand the man’s question. B) She’ll have the test ready in a few days.C) She has a few questions about the man ’s schedule.D) The man may not take the test early.5. A) In a hotel.B) In a furniture store.C) In a campground.D) In a private home.6. A) A prince lives a better life than a princess.B) He wishes he could be a prince.C) He is not sure if he wants to be a prince.D) He hates the idea of being a prince.7. A) She can’t understand why the man is thirsty.B) The man ought to go to the laundromat.C) The laundromat is too far away.D) She will not wash the man’s clothes for him.8. A) Work on the assignment a little bit at a time.B) Finish the assignment on time.C) Take the assignment to someone else this time.D) Stop working on the assignment.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A) He prefers the smaller evening classes.B) He has signed up for a day course.C) He has to work during the day.D) He finds the evening course cheaper.10. A) Learn a computer language.B) Learn data processing.C) Buy some computer software.D) Buy a few course books.11. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45.B) From September 1 to New Year’s eve.C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks.D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total.12. A) What to bring for registration.B) Where to attend the class.C) How he can get to Frost Hall.D) Whether he can use a check.Questions 13 to15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) A training coach.B) A trading adviser.C) A professional manager.D) A financial trader.14. A) He can save on living expenses.B) He considers cooking creative.C) He can enjoy healthier food.D) He thinks take-away is tasteless.15. A) It is something inevitable.B) It is frustrating sometimes.C) It takes patience to manage.D) It can be a good thing.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Stopped migrating.B) Continued migrating.C) Began migrating again.D) Migrated south and stay there.17. A) There was not enough food there in the winter.B) There were too many birds.C) There were too many glaciers.D) There was too much daylight.18. A) To test the relationship between daylight and a disease of the glands commonto birds.B) To test the relationship between daylight and migration.C) To test the relationship between migration and temperature.D) To test the relationship between daylight and changes in the season.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) A scientist.B) A graduate.C) A colleague.D) An undergraduate20. A) To present their results.B) To show off their results.C) To make themselves brave.D) To become active people.21. A) To get information.B) To know the related areas.C) To know the latest news.D) To make friends.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It’s an urgent announcement.B) It’s an important announcement.C) The managers wish to divert their workers from their work.D) It’s about an important promotion.23. A) 7 a.m. B) 11 p.m. C) 8 p.m. D) 3 a.m.24. A) To show the importance of their decision.B) To play a joke on the American manager.C) To start cooperation as soon as possible.D) To show that they were very efficient.25. A) He was irritated.B) He was well pleased.C) He was very much troubled.D) He prepared himself for a fight.II. Vocabulary: (35%):A. Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For eachsentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D.Choose the one interview that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the center.26. The ______ of consultation is to listen to, and take account of, the views ofthose consulted.A. essenceB. thesisC. synthesisD. instinct27. At the far end of the lake some buffaloes were bathing, ______ so deeply thatonly their heads were visible.A. overwhelmedB. immersedC. degeneratedD. engulfed28. With their far superior technology, the Western forces completely ______Saddam’s army.A. suppressedB. overwhelmedC. bledD. segregated29. The two ingredients should be placed together in a bottle and shakenvigorously until they are ______.A. filteredB. discriminatedC. blendedD. engaged30. The little girl started to cry in order to ______ sympathy and pity in herparents.A. confineB. evokeC. awaitD. induce31. They ______ to safety as a massive wall of water smashed their caravans andswept away dozens of cars.A. paralyzedB. spunC. roamedD. dashed32. In 20 years only one company with an investment-grade rating from Moody’has ______ long-term debt – one that went bankrupt voluntarily to protect itself from lawsuits.A. defaulted onB. relied onC. accounted forD. cried for33. He said he did not ______ the difficulties the party faced in regaining ameasure of popular trust.A. demonstrateB. underestimateC. speculateD. outweigh34. The king was forced to leave the country over which he had ______ for morethan 30 years.A. prevailB. reignedC. stumbledD. lingered35. His health had been affected, and might ______ altogether if the straincontinued.A. break downB. cool offC. lit upD. sprout up36. We shall be grateful if you will ______ space for any of the enclosedadvertisements in your publications.A. donateB. forgeC. impartD. specify37. From his office on the 22nd floor of the famous four-towered BMW HQ, he______ formidable power and commands enormous respect.A. swingsB. wieldsC. yieldsD. contemplated38. The little woman looked a ______ sight, standing before him with red, swolleneyes and tear-streaked cheeks.A. desirableB. rottenC. shabbyD. pathetic39. Since my father’s death there had been, as it were, a ______ in my homewhich nobody could fill.A. liabilityB. vacancyC. agonyD. bureaucracy40. The report praises the efforts being made in our city to extract energy fromwaste and to ______ paper, glass, plastics and steel cans.A. differentiateB. resistC. recycleD. mobilize41. Some articles are clearly written as a by-product of teaching, perhaps ______from lectures or intended to form part of a book.A. adaptedB. reformedC. revivedD. sprayed42. At one point last fall, when Swedish rates rose to 17%, such deals ______ anet annualized return of 8%, with little exchange-rate risk.A. fulfilledB. yieldedC. exemplifiedD. documented43. T ales of squadrons bombing their own units are here in ______.A. exposureB. abundanceC. incidenceD. arrangement44. The church is full of ______ works of craftsmanship which have been donatedby individuals.A. exquisiteB. commercialC. metallicD. remote45. It is a question Michael Joseph is likely to ______ long and hard over theweeks to come.A. poseB. superviseC. harborD. ponderB. Directions: Study the meaning of the phrasal verbs listed below andthen complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate phrasal verb in its proper form.46. We already have our hands full. Let the matter ________ till next week.47. The emergency ________ reserves of energy which she did not know shepossessed.48. It wasn’t long before we ________ a plan acceptable to all.49. Though very tired, the students ________ the discussion late into the night.50. ________ facts, I can’t see anything to support what he says.51. It is usually easier to ________ the meaning of a sentence in a given context.52. I’m not sure if I want to take this course; may I ______ for the first week tosee if I like it?53. Don’t be afraid. No matter what happens, I’ll ________ you.54. Thieves ________ last night while the family was away on vacation.55. There is no point in waiting for something to ________; you have to takeaction.56. We can come through any crisis if we ________. I’m certain of that.57. The village was ________ by floods for nearly a week.58. Miss Green returned to work after she ________ her illness.59. The custom is said to have been ________ from the 18th century.60. John must ________ for a few days until his leg mends.III. Reading Comprehension (20%)Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:The current vogue, in the West, of Yoga and Zen（禅宗）may prove to have been no more than a transitory Western fashion. It may be doubted whether the average modern Westerner genuinely understands and practices either Zen or Yoga. However, it is also possible that these are sincere attempts to re-activate, among Westerners, the normal human faculty of spiritual contemplation. In the Middle Ages, Westerners, like other people, did practice contemplation. This is a necessary condition for spiritual health, and modern Westerners are suffering spiritually for having abandoned the practice of contemplation deliberately. Moreover, the East has other lessons for the West which the West certainly ought to learn and to take to heart.For instance, the West could perhaps learn from the East how to re-capture Man's original harmony with the rest of Nature. Man is an integral part of Nature. When he alienates himself from her and tries to dominate her as if he were outside Nature and were not rooted in Nature, Man runs into trouble. The degree of modern Western Man's alienation from Nature can be measured by the potency of modern technology, for technology is an instrument for dominating Nature. The technologically advanced countries are already paying the price of theirsuper-technology. Two items in this price are pollution and inflation.Shinto stands for a harmonious cooperation between Man and the rest of Nature. It recognizes that Nature is holy; that she has sacred rights; that Man has a religious obligation to respect these rights; and that, if he violates them, he will bring retribution on himself. The Japanese people have already begun to bring retribution on themselves by polluting Nature.Taoism (道教) sets its face against imposing Man's will on Nature by means of technology. This Chinese philosophy took shape at some dale between the sixth and the fourth century B. C., when technology was still rudimentary, if judged by present-day standards. Yet already the Taoist philosophers were taking alarm; they were calling for a return to a simpler way of life. It is now evident that they were far-sighted. The Taoist philosophy is what the world now needs. It is needed today by West and East alike, now that the potent modern technology, which was invented in the West two hundred years ago, is being adopted all round the globe.61. Yoga or Zen ___________.A.is only a transitory Western fashionB.is not genuinely understood by the average modern westernersC.is in fashion now in the WestD.is a popular sport .62. This passage implies that ____________.A.it is wrong to abandon spiritual contemplationB.the Westerners practice contemplation in the Middle EastC.the Westerners abandon the practice of contemplation deliberatelyD.the East has other lessons for the West63. What is the main topic of this passage?A.Why are Yoga and Zan popular in the West?B.What does the West have to learn from the East?C.How to recapture Man’s original harmony with the rest of Nature?D.How to practice spiritual contemplation?64. The author of this passage _________________.A.disagrees with Taoist’s philosophyB.prefers Shinto to TaoismC.seems to be against modern technologyD.prefers super-technology to spiritual contemplation65. According to the passage ______________.A.it is very expensive to buy super-technologyB.it costs a lot to deal with the problems of pollution and inflationC.the technologically advanced countries are richer than other countriesD.both pollution and inflation are caused by modern technologyQuestions 66-70 are based on the following passage.There is one kind of pain for which nobody has yet found a cure--the pain that comes from the ending of a relationship. The relationship could be a marriage or a deep friendship. Such a relationship may come to a sudden end; or it may simply fade away slowly as people and circumstances change. You may be the one to "break it off ", with a short note or a brief phone call. Or you may be on the receiving end. However it ended and whoever decided to end it, the pain is equally hard to hear and it requires the same time for grief. Although there is no cure for grief, we can not help looking for one, to ease the pain and to make us forget our tears. We keep ourselves busy with work, or we try to plunge ourselves in our hobbies. Perhaps we start to drink more than we should to drown our sorrows, or we follow the conventional advice and join a club or society. But these things cannot cure it. Moreover, we are always in a hurry to get rid of our grief. We feel that we should try to convince ourselves, as we bite on the pillow, that we are much too old to be crying. Some people bury their grief deep inside themselves. Others seek relief by pouring their hearts out to their friends, or to anyone else who can offer a sympathetic shoulder to cry on. It is not easy to explain why we adopt this attitude to emotional pain, when we would never expect anyone to overcome physical pain simply by an effort of will power. Part of the answer must lie in the nature of grief itself. The important thing to admit about grief, then, is that it will take its time. By trying to convince ourselves that it ought to be over sooner, we create an additional tension which can only make things worse. How much time is needed will vary from person to person, butpsychiatrists have a rule of thumb: grief will last as long as the original relationship lasted. The sad thing is that, when the breakdown occurs, we can only stumble forward over the stones beneath our feet. It is dark ahead, and we will fall painfully many times before we begin to see the light at the end of the tunnel.66. It is the author’s belief that _______________.A.there is no way to kill the pain from the ending of a relationshipB.those who break up the relationship do not suffer from the pain from the endingof a relationshipC.people suffer from the pain only when the relationship comes to a sudden endD.Both A and B.67. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined term drown our sorrow?A.To get rid of grief by drinking too much alcohol.B.To feel sorry for drinking too muchC.To end our life by drinking an excessive amount of alcoholD.To be overwhelmed by grief68. Psychiatrists believe that _____________.A.grief lasts longer if your friends break off the relationshipB.grief lasts in proportion to the duration of your friendshipC.grief lasts longer if you value your friendship a lotD.grief ends as soon as you set up a new friendship with someone else69. The passage tells us that __________.A.we cannot relieve our emotional pain no matter how hard we tryB.it takes time and efforts to relieve our emotional painC.we do not have to suffer from any emotional pain if we try our best to reduce itD.there is little point in making our efforts to relieve our emotional pain70. What is the best title for this passage?A.Emotional painB.How to relieve your emotional pain?C.Emotional pain and physical painD.Who suffers most?Part IV Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a quality 71 our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a 72 figure towards whom people are 73 .Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, on being 74 . There is a type of Authority which can be 75 from behind closed doors, but that is not a leadership. 76 there is movement and action, the true leader is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the 77 for anecdotes, whether true or false; a character. One of the simplest devices is to be 78 on the occasion when the leader might be 79 to be there, enough in itself to start a rumor about the vital 80 which has detained him. To make up for this, he can 81 when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display 82 things which other folks might 83 as trivial. With this gift for 84 curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance to 85 about himself. His interest is plainly in other people; he questions them and encourages them to talk and then 86 all that is relevant. He never leaves a party 87 he has mentally filed a minimum dossier (档案) on 88 present, ensuring that he knows 89 to say when he meets them again. He is not artificially extrovert (性格外向的) but he would usually rather listen than talk. Others 90 gradually that his importance needs proof.71. A. beyond B. of C. under D. by72. A. vital B. central C. strange D. conspicuous73. A. united B. dragged C. drawn D. hauled74. A. observed B. heard C. watched D. seen75. A. exercised B. respected C. recognized D. imposed76. A. Whether B. Where C. As D. Since77. A. object B. topic C. subject D. excuse78. A. present B. absolute C. abstract D. absent79. A. appointed B. instructed C. arranged D. expected80. A. matter B. thing C. business D. affair81. A. leave B. appear C. show D. hide82. A. in B. at C. on D. about83. A. think B. regard C. look D. deal84. A. creating B. originating C. inspiring D. spreading85. A. communicate B. say C. reveal D. talk86. A. commits B. cites C. remembers D. notes87. A. when B. until C. as D. while88. A. everyone B. anyone C. someone D. one89. A. how B. what C. that D. whether90. A. know B. appreciate C. realize D. acknowledgeVI. Writing (10%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to a composition on the topic Success.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in English:Success1.成功的含义2.我的见解3.怎样才能成功？Answer SheetI. Listening Comprehension:1. __________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________6. __________7. __________8. __________9. __________ 10. _________ 11. _________ 12. _________ 13. _________ 14. _________ 15 _________ 16. _________ 17. _________ 18. _________ 19. _________ 20. _________ 21. _________ 22. _________ 23. _________ 24. _________ 25. _________ II. VocabularyA: 26. ________ 27. ________ 28. ________ 29. ________ 30. _________ 31. _______ 32. _______ 33. _______ 34. ______ 35. ________ 36. _______ 37. _______ 38. _______ 39. ______ 40. ________ 41. _______ 42. _______43. ________ 44. ______ 45. ________ B: 46. ________ 47. ________ 48. ________ 49. ________ 50. _________ 51. _______ 52. _______ 53. _______ 54. ______ 55. ________ 56. _______ 57. _______ 58. _______ 59. ______ 60. ________ III. Reading Comprehension:61. __________ 62. __________ 63. __________ 64. __________ 65. __________ 66. _________ 67. ________ 68. _________ 69. ________ 70. ________ IV Cloze71. __________ 72. __________ 73. __________ 74. __________ 75. __________ 76. ________ 77. ________ 78. _________ 79. ________ 80. ________ 81. ________ 82. _______ 83. ________ 84. _______ 85. ________ 86. ________ 87. _______ 88. ________ 89. _______ 90. ________V. Composition:_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________KeysI. Listening Comprehension: （25%）(每题1分)1 D2 D3 B4 D5 C6.B 7 B 8 A 9 C 10 B11 C 12 A 13 D 14 B 15D16 B 17 B 18 B 19 B 20 A21 D 22 B 23 C 24 A 25 CII. Vocabulary (35%): (每题1分)A. 26．A 27．B 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．B 35．A36. A 37. B 38. D 39. B 40.C 41. A 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. DB. 46. lie over 47. called forth 48. worked out 49. carried on50. Getting down to 51. pick out 52. sit in 53. stand by 54. broke in55. turn up 56. hang together 57. cut off 58. got over 59. carried down 60. lie upIII. Reading Comprehension: （20%）（每题2分）61 C 62 A 63 B 64 C 65 D66 A 67 A 68 B 69 D 70 APart IV Cloze （10%）（每题0.5分）71. A 72. B 73. C 74. D 75. A 76. B 77. C 78.D 79. D 80.C81. B 82. A 83. B 84. C 85. D 86. C 78. B 88.A 89. B 90.CVI. Composition: （10%）(共10分)。