2008年华中师范大学835写作翻译考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

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华中师范大学语言学历年考研试题

华中师范大学语言学历年考研试题目录华中师范大学语言学历年考研试题 (1)华中师范大学2003年研究生入学考试试题 (1)华中师范大学2004年语言学真题 (2)华中师范大学2004年研究生入学考试试题 (4)华中师范大学2005年语言学真题 (5)华中师范大学2005年研究生入学考试试题 (7)华中师范大学2006年研究生入学考试试题 (8)华中师范大学2006年研究生入学考试试题 (10)华中师范大学2007年研究生入学考试试题 (11)华中师范大学2007年研究生入学考试试题 (12)华中师范大学2008年研究生入学考试试题 (14)华中师范大学2009年研究生入学考试试题 (17)华中师范大学2010年研究生入学考试试题 (19)华中师范大学2011年研究生入学考试试题 (22)2012年华中师范大学文学院大综合真题试卷 (24)2013年华中师范大学考研真题 (27)2014年考研华中师范大学文学院真题 (28)2014年考研华中师范大学语言所真题 (30)华中师范大学2003年研究生入学考试试题一、填空（30分）1、语言主要属性包括---------性、---------性、---------性和---------性。

2、语言学的研究可以分为三类：---------、---------和---------。

3、非音质音位是以---------、---------、---------为语音形式的音位。

4、“语用学”这一术语是由美国哲学家---------提出来的；语言行为理论是由英国哲学家---------提出来的；合作原则是由美国哲学家---------提出来的。

5、语言发展的原因可以从---------、---------和---------三个方面来考察。

6、本世纪30年代，在欧洲的丹麦形成了以---------为代表的学派。

他们试图建立一门新型的语言学：---------。

7、语汇系统包括三种不同层级的语汇单位：---------、---------和---------。

2008年考研英语翻译试题讲评

ＣｏｌｌｅｇｅＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ２００８．４!考试专栏!２００８年考研英语翻译试题讲评清华大学外语系教授许建平２００８年全国研究生入学统一考试的翻译试题是一篇关于达尔文自传的评述文，全文４６０个词，要求考生阅读文章后，将其中５个划线部分（总共１５８个词）译成汉语。

试题全文如下：ＰａｒｔＣＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：ＲｅａｄｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｔｅｘｔｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙａｎｄｔｈｅｎｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅｔｈｅｕｎｄｅｒｌｉｎｅｄｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｏＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ．ＹｏｕｒｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｃｌｅａｒｌｙｏｎＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ２．（１０ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｉｎｈｉｓａｕｔｏｂｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，Ｄａｒｗｉｎｈｉｍｓｅｌｆｓｐｅａｋｓｏｆｈｉｓｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔｕａｌｐｏｗｅｒ，ｗｉｔｈｅｘｔｒａｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙｍｏｄｅｓｔｙ．Ｈｅｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｕｔｔｈａｔｈｅａｌｗａｙｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｄｍｕｃｈｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｉｎｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｎｇｈｉｍｓｅｌｆｃｌｅａｒｌｙａｎｄｃｏｎｃｉｓｅｌｙ，ｂｕｔ（４６）ｈｅｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓｔｈａｔｔｈｉｓｖｅｒｙｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｍａｙｈａｖｅｈａｄｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｉｎｇａｄ－ｖａｎｔａｇｅｏｆｆｏｒｃｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｔｈｉｎｋｌｏｎｇａｎｄｉｎｔｅｎｔｌｙａｂｏｕｔｅｖｅｒｙｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ，ａｎｄｔｈｕｓｅｎａｂｌｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｒｒｏｒｓｉｎｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇａｎｄｉｎｈｉｓｏｗｎｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｈｅｄｉｓｃｌａｉｍｅｄｔｈｅｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆａｎｙｇｒｅａｔｑｕｉｃｋｎｅｓｓｏｆａｐｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎｏｒｗｉｔ，ｓｕｃｈａｓｄｉｓｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｅｄＨｕｘｌｅｙ．（４７）Ｈｅａｓｓｅｒｔｓ，ａｌｓｏ，ｔｈａｔｈｉｓｐｏｗｅｒｔｏｆｏｌｌｏｗａｌｏｎｇａｎｄｐｕｒｅｌｙａｂｓｔｒａｃｔｔｒａｉｎｏｆｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｗａｓｖｅｒｙｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ，ｆｏｒｗｈｉｃｈｒｅａｓｏｎｈｅｆｅｌｔｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｈａｔｈｅｎｅｖｅｒｃｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｗｉｔｈｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ．Ｈｉｓｍｅｍｏｒｙ，ｔｏｏ，ｂｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄａｓｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅ，ｂｕｔｈａｚｙ．Ｓｏｐｏｏｒｉｎｏｎｅｓｅｎｓｅｗａｓｉｔｔｈａｔｈｅｎｅｖｅｒｃｏｕｌｄｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｆｏｒｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎａｆｅｗｄａｙｓａｓｉｎｇｌｅｄａｔｅｏｒａｌｉｎｅｏｆｐｏｅｔｒｙ．（４８）Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ，ｈｅｄｉｄｎｏｔａｃｃｅｐｔａｓｗｅｌｌｆｏｕｎｄｅｄｔｈｅｃｈａｒｇｅｍａｄｅｂｙｓｏｍｅｏｆｈｉｓｃｒｉｔｉｃｓｔｈａｔ，ｗｈｉｌｅｈｅｗａｓａｇｏｏｄｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｒ，ｈｅｈａｄｎｏｐｏｗｅｒｏｆｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇ．Ｔｈｉｓ，ｈｅｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ，ｃｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｂｅｔｒｕｅ，ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈｅ“ＯｒｉｇｉｎｏｆＳｐｅｃｉｅｓ”ｉｓｏｎｅｌｏｎｇａｒｇｕ－ｍｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｅｎｄ，ａｎｄｈａｓｃｏｎｖｉｎｃｅｄｍａｎｙａｂｌｅｍｅｎ．Ｎｏｏｎｅ，ｈｅｓｕｂｍｉｔｓ，ｃｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｉｔｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｉｎｇｓｏｍｅｐｏｗｅｒｏｆｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇ．Ｈｅｗａｓｗｉｌｌｉｎｇｔｏａｓｓｅｒｔｔｈａｔ“Ｉｈａｖｅａｆａｉｒｓｈａｒｅｏｆｉｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｏｆｃｏｍｍｏｎｓｅｎｓｅｏｒｊｕｄｇｍｅｎｔ，ｓｕｃｈａｓｅｖｅｒｙｆａｉｒｌｙｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌａｗｙｅｒｏｒｄｏｃｔｏｒｍｕｓｔｈａｖｅ，ｂｕｔｎｏｔ，Ｉｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ，ｉｎａｎｙｈｉｇｈｅｒｄｅｇｒｅｅ．”（４９）Ｈｅａｄｄｓｈｕｍｂｌｙｔｈａｔｐｅｒｈａｐｓｈｅｗａｓ“ｓｕｐｅｒｉｏｒｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｏｎｒｕｎｏｆｍｅｎｉｎｎｏｔｉｃｉｎｇｔｈｉｎｇｓｗｈｉｃｈｅａｓｉｌｙｅｓｃａｐｅａｔ－ｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｉｎｏｂｓｅｒｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ．”Ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｌａｓｔｙｅａｒｏｆｈｉｓｌｉｆｅ，ｈｅｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｅｄｔｈｅｏｐｉｎｉｏｎｔｈａｔｉｎｔｗｏｏｒｔｈｒｅｅｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｓｈｉｓｍｉｎｄｈａｄｃｈａｎｇｅｄｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｒｅｃｅｄｉｎｇｔｗｅｎｔｙｏｒｔｈｉｒｔｙｙｅａｒｓ．Ｕｐｔｏｔｈｅａｇｅｏｆｔｈｉｒｔｙｏｒｂｅｙｏｎｄｉｔｐｏｅｔｒｙｏｆｍａｎｙｋｉｎｄｓｇａｖｅｈｉｍｇｒｅａｔｐｌｅａｓｕｒｅ．Ｆｏｒｍｅｒｌｙ，ｔｏｏ，ｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓｈａｄｇｉｖｅｎｈｉｍｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒ－ａｂｌｅ，ａｎｄｍｕｓｉｃｖｅｒｙｇｒｅａｔ，ｄｅｌｉｇｈｔ．Ｉｎ１８８１，ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｈｅｓａｉｄ：“ＮｏｗｆｏｒｍａｎｙｙｅａｒｓＩｃａｎｎｏｔｅｎ－ｄｕｒｅｔｏｒｅａｄａｌｉｎｅｏｆｐｏｅｔｒｙ．Ｉｈａｖｅａｌｓｏａｌｍｏｓｔｌｏｓｔｍｙｔａｓｔｅｆｏｒｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｒｍｕｓｉｃ．（５０）Ｄａｒｗｉｎｗａｓｃｏｎｖｉｎｃｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｌｏｓｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｔａｓｔｅｓｗａｓｎｏｔｏｎｌｙａｌｏｓｓｏｆｈａｐｐｉｎｅｓｓ，ｂｕｔｍｉｇｈｔｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｙｂｅｉｎｊｕｒｉｏｕｓｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔ，ａｎｄｍｏｒｅｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｔｏｔｈｅｍｏｒａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒ．５６!考试专栏!评析：４６．这是一个带宾语从句的复合句，其框架结构如下：主句：Ｈｅｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓｔｈａｔ．．．他相信……宾语从句：ｔｈｉｓｖｅｒｙｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｍａｙｈａｖｅｈａｄｔｈｅａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ正是这种困难可能具有优势／优点并列的介词短语修饰成分：（ｔｈｅａｄｖａｎ－ｔａｇｅ）ｏｆｆｏｒｃｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｔｈｉｎｋ．．．ａｂｏｕｔｅｖｅｒｙｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ，ａｎｄｔｈｕｓ（ｏｆ）ｅｎａｂｌｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｒｒｏｒｓ．．．迫使他思考每一句话，从而使他能察觉错误（的这种优点）方式状语：ｌｏｎｇａｎｄｉｎｔｅｎｔｌｙ长时间专心地地点状语：ｉｎｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇａｎｄｉｎｈｉｓｏｗｎｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ在推理和他自己的观察中翻译这句话最棘手的是宾语从句中ａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ的前后修饰成分。

华中师范大学2000到2011年语言所考研真题

华中师范大学二〇〇〇年研究生入学考试试题专业：语言类各专业科目:古代汉语方向：语言类各专业方向注意：1、第一大题为所有考生必做题。

2、第二大题为汉语史方向考生必做题。

3、第三大题为其他各方向考生必做题。

一、语言专业各方向考生必做题。

（一）解释下列成语或古诗文中加着重号的词语或词组的意义或用法（20分）1．言简意赅赴汤蹈火感激涕零动而见尤池塘生春草云半偏新睡觉颜色憔悴未尝不汉息痛恨于桓灵也（8分）2．星罗棋布车载斗量打草惊蛇日积月累昭王南征而不复，寡人是问先君之好是继（12分）（二）简答题（24分）1．《说文解字》是一部分什么书？有何学术价值？清代研究《说文》最著名听是哪四个人？各自代表是什么？（14分）2．什么是词义的扩大、缩小、转移？请举例说明（10分）（三）将下面一段文字译成现代汉语。

（16分）孟子日：“今有无名之指，屈而不信，非疾痛害事也。

如有能信之者，则不秦楚之路，为指之不若人也。

指不若人，则知恶之：心不若人，则不知恶，此之谓不知类也。

”二、汉语史方向考生必做题。

(40分)(一) 中国音四声和现代汉语普遍话四声在调类方面有何异同？(12分)(二) 本议和引申义之间的意义关系有哪几种类型？(15分)(三) 解释下列的固定格式。

(13分)1．“如……何“例：以君之力，曾不能损魁父之丘，如太形王屋何？（《列子·汤问》）2．“……孰与……”例：吾孰与城北徐公美？(战国策·齐策一)3．“无乃……与”例：孔子曰：“求!，无乃尔是过与？”(论语·委氏)三、非衙史方向考生必做题(40分)(一) 联系汉语史，谈谈“繁荣市场”、“丰富生活”之类动宾结构的特点。

(15分)(二) “张”字的声母，现代有些方言中读为d，请联系汉语语音史对此类现象试作阐释。

(13分)(三) 解释下列句子中的“之”字的意义和用法(12分)1．不虞君之涉吾地也。

2．姜氏欲之，焉辟害？3．其是之谓乎？4．邑丈人有之市而醉归者。

《写作与翻译》2008年考研真题

广东外语外贸大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英语写作与翻译样题Part One Writing(100)Task 1:Summary Writing(100)Directions:Read carefully the following passage and summarize its contents in 100-120 words. Note that you must not copy complete sentences from the original .Failure to do so would incur deduction of your scores.PassageIn my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over in my mind ever since.“Whenever you fell like criticizing any one,” he told me, “just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.”He didn’t say any more, but we’ve always been usually communicative in a reserved way, and I understood he meant a great deal more than that. In consequence, I’m inclined to reserve all judgments, a habit that has opened up many curious natures to me and also make me the victim of not a few veteran bores. The abnormal mind is quick to detect and attach itself to this quality when it appears in a normal person, and so it came about that in college I was unjustly accused of being a politician, because I was privy to the secret grief of wild, unknown men. Most of the confidences were unsought-----frequently I have feigned sleep, preoccupation, or a hostile levity when I realized by some unmistakable sign that an intimate revelation was quivering on the horizon; for the intimate revelations of young men, or at least the terms in which they express them, are usually plagiaristic and marred by obvious suppressions. Reserving judgments is a matter of infinite hope. I am still a little afraid of missing something if I forget that, as my father snobbishly suggested, and I snobbishly repeat, a sense of the fundamental decencies is parceled out unequally at birth.And, after boasting this way of my tolerance, I come to the admission that it has alimit. Conduct may be founded on the hard rock or the wet marshes, but after a certain point I don’t care what it’s founded on. When I came back from the East last autumn I felt that I wanted the world to be in uniform and at a sort of moral attention forever; I wanted no more riotous excursions with privileged glimpses into the human heart. Only Gatsby was exempt from my reaction-----Gatsby, who represented everything for which I have an unaffected scorn. If personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures, then there was something gorgeous about him, some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life, as if he were related to one of those intricate machines that register earthquakes ten thousand miles away. This responsiveness had nothing to do with that flabby impressionability which is dignified under the names of the “creative temperament”-----it was an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in many other person and which it is not likely if shall ever find again. No-----Gatsby turned out all right at the end; it is what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short-winded elations of men.Part Two Translation(50)1.Translate the following passage into Chinese (25)Etiquette to society is what apparel is to the individual. Without apparel men would go in shameful nudity which would surely lead to the corruption of morals; and without etiquette society would be in a pitiable state and the necessary intercourse between its members would be interfered with by needless offences and troubles. If society were a train, the etiquette would be the rails along which only the train could rumble forth; if society were a state coach, the etiquette would be the wheels and axis on which only the coach could roll forward. The lack of proprieties would make the most intimate friends turn to be the most decided enemies and the friendly or allied countries declare war against each other. We can find many examples in the history of mankind. Therefore I advise you to stand on ceremony before anyone else and to take pains not to do anything against etiquette lest you give offences or make enemies.2 .Translate the following passage into English (25)在银幕上,她是一名观众熟悉的演员; 在文坛上,她又是一位享有盛誉的作家.演员---作家,这两种不同的身份,在她的身上融合得这样恰切,仿佛天生本就应该是这样.许多人想了解这其中有什么奥秘:有人说,多年的演员生活赋予她发达的形象思维;有人说,演员的多愁善感，使她富于感情细胞…因而，她的作品具有特殊的魅力。

08考研英语翻译试题解析及参考答案

参考答案：达尔文坚信，失去这些(对音乐和绘画的)兴趣，不仅会失去幸福，而且还可能损害智力发展，甚至可能损害道德。
此句解析单词injurious是超纲词，超纲词的处理方法之一是拆分并寻找熟悉的部分。大部分同学可以通过观察迅速发现，这个词同injury和injure等大纲单词是同根词。
46． he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations,
49．He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."
参考答案：他谦逊地补充道，或许他“比普通人更能够注意到那些容易忽视的细节，并对其进行仔细的观察”。
50． Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.

2008年华东师范大学外语学院翻译考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

一、改错1．わたしたちが毎日使っていることばの中には、パン、ミルク、コッブなどのように、主に西洋の国々から入って来て、日本語になったことばがある。

こういうことばを外来語という。

外来語は、外国との行き来や貿易にともなって、その国の文物とともに入って来たものである。

译文：在我们每天使用的单词当中有像“面包”、“牛奶”、“杯”等，主要是来自西欧各国，业己成为日语的单词。

像这样的单词称为外来语。

外来语是随着与外国的交往，贸易的往来，与这些国家的文物一起进来的。

【答案】在我们每天使用的单词当中有像“面包”、“牛奶”、“杯”等，主要是来自西方各国，业己成为日语的单词。

像这样的单词称为外来语。

外来语是随着与外国的交往，贸易的往来，与这些国家的文物一起进来的。

【解析】译文中对「西洋」这一词的翻译不准确，根据历史常识可以得知，「西洋」既包括“欧洲各国”，还包括“美国”等。

因此，译文仅将其限定为“西欧”是不正确的。

2．禅海和尚には虚栄心がなかった。

高位の憎の陥りがちな弊であるが、人物から書画骨董にいたるまでの万般の鑑識眼を恃まれるので、あとで鑑識の誤まりを嗤われぬように、断定的なことを言うまいとする人がある。

もちろん禅僧風の独断を即座に下してみせるが、どちらにも意味のとれるような余地を残しておくのである。

禅海和尚はそうではなかった。

彼が見たまま感じたままを言っていることがよくわかった。

彼|は自分の単純な強い目に映る事物に、ことさら意味を求めたりすることはなかった。

意味はあってもよく、なくてもよい。

译文：禅海大和尚不慕虚荣，虽然在声誉高的方丈身上这是极易出现的通病。

一股人总是从交友到鉴赏书画古董，万般皆凭所谓的鉴识眼；所以生怕贻笑大方，从来不肯说句肯定的话。

纵然有时也带有禅僧的独断与顿悟，总还是要留有灵活解脱的余地来。

禅海却不这样，他是怎么想就怎么说，看事情全凭自己单纯的透视、解析，概不另求是否还有什么其它意义。

【答案】禅海和尚没有虚荣心。

华中师范大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年

华中师范大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第一部分百科知识{{/B}}(总题数：20，分数：50.00)1.成都瀚海企业集团，总部设在成都市高新区创业路49号，物流基地位于成都市高新区科园南二路六号，占地130多亩。

注册资金1000万元人民币。

（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(物流：指为了满足客户的需求，以最低的成本，通过运输、保管、配送等方式，实现原材料、半成品、成品或相关信息进行由商品的产地到商品的消费地的计划、实施和管理的全过程。

物流是一个控制原材料、制成品、产成品和信息的系统，从供应开始经各种中间环节的转让及拥有而到达最终消费者手中的实物运动，以此实现组织的明确目标。

)解析：2.今日，本年度上海最后一次大型房展会落下帷幕，回顾4天的房展，无比形象地诠释了“卖方市场”这一楼市年度关键词。

（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(卖方市场：买方市场的对称，是指供给小于需求、商品价格有上涨趋势，卖方在交易上处于有利地位的市场。

在卖方市场上，商品供给量少，由于供不应求而不能满足市场的需求，即使商品质次价高也能被销售出去，商品价格呈上涨趋势。

)解析：3.九日，北京市环保局发布消息表示，PM 2.5监测国家技术标准将出台，一旦此项标准出台，即在全市开展此项监测，监测前将会采用招投标的方式采购相关的监测仪器。

（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(PM 2.5：即细颗粒物，又称细粒、细颗粒，是指环境空气中空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5微米的颗粒物，也称为可入肺颗粒物。

华师大考研作文

你对以上现象如何看？请适当结合专业，自拟题目，写一篇议论文。字数120左右
二、小作文
我国对“语文”的解释和理解分歧较大，有人说是“语言和文学”，有人说是“语言和文字”，有人说是“语言和文化”，等等。
你的看法是什么？请自拟题目，写一篇讨论性的文章。字数800左右。
2005年
题目：（1）我看语言与文化之关系
（2）我看语言与文艺之关系
要求：二选一，议论文体，字数2000以上
2006年
一、大作文
有人针对目前来势汹涌的外来文化的影响，如欧美文化、日本文化、韩国文化（俗称“韩流”）等，提出要关注我们自己的民族文化思潮（俗称“汉流”）。你对此有什么看法？请适当结合专业，以《我看“汉流”》为题作文。字数1200字左右。
背英语童谣比汉语还“溜”
（2004年05月21日上海《新闻晚报》）
本报讯英语童谣背得滚瓜烂熟，但汉语儿歌却讲得结结巴巴。近日，记者从“海文杯”儿童中英文童谣故事大赛中发现这样一个奇怪现象，不少参赛儿童的英语竟然比汉语还好。专家指出，这样英语顺溜、汉语逊色的儿童并不能获奖。
4、德国现象学大师海德格尔有一位日本学生。这位学生试图用欧洲的美学概念来解说日本艺术的本质。海德格尔却发现自己对这位日本学生用西方理论和语言解说日本艺术的“粹”的特质。“始终不太摸得着边际”，以至于说：“如若人是通过他的语言才栖居在存在之要求中，那么，我们欧洲人也许就栖居在与东亚人完全不同的一个家中。”
你对这些问题怎么看？请就其中的一、两个问题，自拟题目，写一篇讨论性的文章。字数800左右。
2007年
一、大作文
有位学者谈及自己在跨文化交往经历时，摆出过以下这么一些令人深思的现象：
1、日本某大学休息厅里经常进行不同母语任课教师间的交谈，几乎所有的交谈都以日语进行。只有一位美国教师与日本教师之间是各操母语的。这位美国教师谙熟日语，但他却坚持说英语。

华中师范大学外国语学院829写作翻译历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题

目　录2003年华中师范大学写作与翻译考研真题及详解2004年华中师范大学455写作翻译考研真题及详解2005年华中师范大学464写作翻译考研真题及详解2006年华中师范大学448写作翻译考研真题及详解2007年华中师范大学433写作翻译考研真题及详解2008年华中师范大学835写作翻译考研真题及详解2010年华中师范大学821写作翻译考研真题及详解2011年华中师范大学833写作翻译考研真题及详解2012年华中师范大学829写作翻译考研真题及详解2013年华中师范大学829写作翻译考研真题及详解2003年华中师范大学写作与翻译考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ　Composition (75%)Burnout is the condition of inner dumbness, generally a mixture of depression, exhaustion and inner dissatisfaction. According to a United Nations report, three out of every ten workers in the UK suffer from burnout —the disease of the modem world.Write a composition of about 400 words to show some cases of burnout and offer you advice to those who suffer from the pressures of modem life. Write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.【参考范文】Nowadays, with the rapid development of economy and daily increasing working pressure, many people in job market are suffering from burnout. If you’re feeling exhausted and overworked, you’re not alone. Job burnout isn’t simply being bored or disenchanted with your work. Rather, it’s the result of prolonged work stress and is characterized by exhaustion, cynicism, a lower sense of accomplishment and severely reduced productivity. Burnout can also lead to increases in stress hormones, heart disease, and mental health issues like depression.People always know all about the dangers of burnout. They even know that working too many hours, like multi-tasking, clobbers your productivity. And yet there’s always that one more task that needs finishing, one moreemail to write, or one more impatient customer or boss who doesn’t want to wait till Monday. So people work a little bit harder, and then a little harder than that, to get it all done. And they do this week after week. Pretty soon they’re soured on their job, sleep-deprived, and irritable both at work and at home. They’re suffering from a bad case of burnout. But try as they might, they can’t make your job any easier. Here are my tactics that may help people to push through high-stress times.First of all, never forget to have enough sleep no matter how busy you are at work. Not only does a good night’s sleep improve your mood and cognitive ability, it actually helps you grow brain cells. Whereas sleep deprivation is associated with a whole host of mental and physical ailments, and will actually make you age more quickly. Whatever else you have to do is to give up the demands of your crazy job and make sure that getting a good night’s sleep every night is one of your priorities.Secondly, please get plenty of exercise. Exercise is a known mood elevator and stress buster, as well as something that your body needs to remain healthy. There’s evidence that a daily two-mile walk can help your cognitive function. So fit some exercise in your schedule every day, it will help you to gain a healthier and more energetic body.Last but not least, you can put a vacation on your calendar. Having a vacation on your calendar will give you something to look forward to. And as the date approaches, resist any temptation to reschedule. Taking a vacation will give your mind a rest. You might be surprised at how reinvigorated and inspired you’ll be getting back to work.Being burnout in this society is not strange. What’s important is to make。

2008年英语一真题翻译解析

2008年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Section I Use of English对于一些假设，人们尽管承认其合理性却不敢提出来，“有些民族同其他民族相比天资聪颖”就是这样的假设之一，但Gregory Cochran准备将其提出。

他是个少见的人，独立工作，不属于任何研究机构，曾经使这样一种观点得到普及，即人们以前并不认为是由细菌引起的一些疾病，实际上也是传染病，而这一观点一经提出就引发了大量争论。

但即使是他这样的人，一想到自己将要做的事也可能会不寒而栗。

他同其他两位科学家一起发表了一篇文章，这篇文章中不仅提出有些民族比其他民族聪明，而且解释了产生这一现象的过程。

他们所讨论的是源于欧洲中部的一个特殊民族，这一过程就是自然选择。

这一民族通常在智商（IQ）测试中都会取得很好的成绩，比平均值100高出12-15分，而且他们对西方的学术和文化生活做出了贡献，其中的精英分子，包括闻名世界的科学家，用自己的事业证实了这一点。

另一方面，与多数人相比，他们更容易患有很多严重的遗传病，例如乳癌。

然而以前认为这些现象之间是没有关联的。

人们把前者归因于社会影响，如尊重教育的坚定传统，而后者被看作是遗传隔离的结果。

Cochran博士指出智商和疾病是紧密联系的，他认为这些民族非同寻常的历史使他们服从于进化的压力，而进化的压力导致了这一看似矛盾的事实。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1现代生活中，女性仍在很多方面努力超越男性，但她们似乎已经在一个领域位居前列，尽管这一领域并不令人满意。

纽约退伍军人管理医院的首席精神病专家Yehuda医生说：“同男性相比，女性在面临压力时更容易产生精神紊乱和焦虑不安。

”针对动物以及人类所做的研究表明，性荷尔蒙在一定程度上影响面临压力时所作出的反应，面临压力的女性与同样条件下的男性相比，会产生更多的突发化学物质。

在一些研究中，当研究人员将极度紧张的雌鼠卵巢（女性生殖器官）切除，雌鼠产生的化学反应与雄鼠相同。

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2008年华中师范大学835写作翻译考研真题及详解Part ⅠComposition (75/150)A lot of people want to learn English nowadays, but they do not know how to learn it. Write a passage of 400 words on the Answer Sheet. T elling them what they should do.【参考范文】As English is one of the main subjects that the Chinese students have to take up, learning English becomes prevalent. More and more students find it hard to learn English, because it is fresh to them. Depending on different personalities, experiences and backgrounds, different people may have different methods to learn English. In my opinion, there’re some easy ways to learn English.One of the easiest things you can do to learn English faster is to read as much as you can. Reading things all the time will enlarge your vocabulary and will help you learn more grammatical rules and other expressions. To read comic books or comics is an easy option. You can buy many English language comic books in bookstores, or you can read free comics online. Reading books you’ve read before would help a lot. If you have already known a little bit about what happens, then you will find it easier to guess and understand the words. Reading newspapers is also a good way to learn the basics of a language, because the expressions of news are usually standardized. You can find online versions of many good Englishnewspapers such as the New York Times or The Guardian.Watching movies will also help you improve your English, especially in terms of listening. You can start watching with subtitles on, but you will learn more with the subtitles off. Once you have a basic vocabulary, try to keep the subtitles off and focus on listening for the words you do know and guessing the words you don’t know from what is happening on the screen.What’s more, you can make friends like pen-pals or online friends with foreigners. Pen-pals are people trying to learn your language that you write letters or emails to and they write back. You write half of your letters in your native language so that they can practice and half in English so that you can practice. You can talk about whatever you want! There are many websites that can help you find an online pen-pal. You can also just make friends with English speakers online and chat to practice your English. You can find online friends by joining fan communities or through language-learning communities.Thus learning English is not that difficult. As a saying goes, “Practice makes perfect.”We can learn English from various easy methods and we are sure to succeed if confidence and resolution are devoted to.【范文点评】本文围绕“如何学习英语”展开论述。

第一段主要介绍了当今学习英语的重要性及学生们对英语学习的困惑。

进而引出作者的观点，通过简单的方法，英语学习其实不难。

第二段主要描述了可以通过不同形式的阅读来学习英语。

第三段主要讲述了看电影也可以帮助改善英语水平。

第四段主要说明还可以通过交外国笔友和网友来学习英语。

最后一段总结全文，重申观点。

Part ⅡTranslation (75/150)Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (40/150)This definition (of intellectual) excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist for one. I have excluded him because while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his problems of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments. Manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business and he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. They may learn very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing; living in “public and industriousthoughts.” Emerson would say, is something else.【参考译文】以这个定义来衡量，有很多通常所谓的知识分子，其实并不能算做真正的知识分子——普通科学家就是其中之一。

我之所以将普通科学家排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。

和其他人一样，即使在履行其日常职责的时候，普通科学家也面临种种道德问题——他不应该篡改实验、炮制证据或者伪造报告。