2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedb lanAandmarAA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
CouldahugadayAeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding “yes!” 1 helpingyoufeelcloseand 2 topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa 3 ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemig htevenhelpyou 4 gettingsicAthiswinter.
Inarecentstudy 5 over400healthadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsyl vaniaeGaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs 6
theparticipants’susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing
7
tothevirus.PeoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelessliAelytocom e 8 withacold,andtheresearchers 9 thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging 10 about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect. 11 amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceiv edmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere 12 .
“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13 risA forcoldsthat’susually14
withstress,”notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hu gging“isamar Aerofintimacyandhelps 15 thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp 16 difficulty.”
SomeeGperts 17 thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoGyto cin,oftencalled“thebondinghormone”18 itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmotherandt heirnewbornbabies.OGytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthe brain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit 19 inthebrain,whereit 20 mood,behaviorandphysiology.
拥抱可以使医生远离我们吗？答案也许是响亮的“是的”。除了能帮助你感到和自己在乎的人关系亲密之外，事实证明拥抱还可以给你的身心健康带来许多好处。不管你信不信，温暖的拥抱在冬天可以帮助你避免生病。
最近，宾夕法尼亚州卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员对超过400名健康成年人进行了研究。他们在让这些实验对象接触感冒病毒后，检测了“感觉到社会支持”和“受到别人拥抱”这两点对他们患上常见感冒的敏感性的影响。感觉到更多社会支持的人更不容易患感冒，研究人员推算出，这种对健康的有益影响，大约有32%是由拥抱所产生的减压效果所带来的。甚至在已经患上感冒的人群中，感觉得到更多社会支持和频繁得到拥抱的人的症状也更轻。
“拥抱可以保护那些处于压力之下的人免受与压力有关的、愈发增加的感冒的风险，”来自卡内基大学的心理学教授谢尔登·科恩观察道。拥抱“能制造亲密，也能帮助产生面对困难时，有人来帮助你的感觉。”
一些专家将拥抱所产生的减缓压力的健康好处归因于拥抱所释放的催生素，其通常被称为“结合激素”，因为它能促进依附关系，包括母亲与新生婴儿之间的依附关系。催生素主要产生在大脑的中低部，其有一部分会被释放进血液里。但还有一部分会留在大脑里，影响人们的情绪、行为及生理。
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtb ychoosingA,B,CorD.MarAyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40point s)
TeGt1
Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesare recommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemaj orU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.
Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinr eturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmay havedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicremindero fwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinr eturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:Wastedtimeis adragonAmericans’economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.
Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecr etchecAthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneaAweapons—bothfaAeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhance dsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetothei
mprovingeconomyandandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajora irportssuchas Chicago’sO’HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchm oreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.
Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreas einairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Parto ftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherf actormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacAtheircarry-onbagstoavo idchecAed-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.
ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtaAethatwouldnotrequireremodelingair portsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreChecAprogram.PreChec Aissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassab acAgroundchecAareeligibletouseeGpeditedscreeninglanes.Thisallowsthe TSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisAs,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolve d.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreChecA.
Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonissticAershocA :Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbacAgroundchecAs. Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreChecA’sfatalflaw.Upcomingr eformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlo oAintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreChecAenrollmentortocutco stsinotherways.
TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecAla neswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpastt imetomaAetheprogramworA.
21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto________.
[A]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide
[B]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorUSairports
[C]eG plainAmericans’toleranceofcurrentsecuritychec As
[D]emphasistheimportanceofprivacyprotection
22.Whichofthefollowingcontributionstolongwaitsatmajorairport?
[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags
[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA
[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers
[D]FrequentuneGpectedsecretchecAs
23.Theword“e G pedited”(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto________.
[A]faster
[B]quieter
[C]wider
[D]cheaper
24.OneproblemwiththePreChecAprogramis___________.
[A]Adramaticreductionofitsscale
[B]Itswrongly-directedimplementation
[C]Thegovernment’sreluctancetobac Ait
[D]Anunreasonablepriceforenrollment
25.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheteGt?
[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety
[B]PreChecA-aBelatedSolution
[C]GettingStucAinSecurityLines
[D]UnderusedPreChecALanes
TeGt1
全文翻译
以前是2小时，现在是3小时——这就是航空当局建议旅客提前到达机场赶国内航班的时间，至少美国一些大的机场是这么建议的，因为安检队伍正变得越来越长。
美国人现在愿意忍受费时的安检程序，以换取更高的安全性。被恐怖分子袭击而坠入地中海的埃及航空804号航班给了大家为什么这么做的一个悲剧提醒。但是对飞机乘客要求太多或者在安全保障方面的成效不足反过来又会降低公众对这一程序的支持。其就会演变成：浪费的时间耽误了美国的经济和私人生活，也会使乘客感到愤怒。
去年，美国运输安全管理局在一次秘密检查中发现，管理局的便衣调查员在尝试偷运武器的时候（无论真假），屡次通过了安检。随后，机场加强了安检措施，同时经济复苏和低油价也导致了国际航班的增加，这些因素就导致包括芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场在内的主要机场的安检队伍变长。目前，安检措施是否变得更加有效尚不得而知，但安检队伍确实变长了。
导致这一问题的部分原因是政府没有预料到乘飞机出行的乘客数量会猛增，所以美国运输安全管理局现在正紧锣密鼓地在各机场增加新的安检人员。另一个原因是，机场只有这么多空间，能容下的安检队伍有限。还有一个因素可能是，越来越多的人想要过度打包他们的随身行李以避免行李安检费用，尽管航空公司对此强烈反对。
美国运输安全管理局可以采取的一个不需要改造机场或仓促招聘人员的措施，那就是鼓励更多的乘客参加预检项目。预检对游客和美国运输安全管理局而言是双赢的选择。通过背景检查的乘客有资格使用快速安检通道。这能使美国运输安全管理局能重点检查具有高风险的乘客，从而节省了其他人的时间。美国运
输安全管理局计划将2500万乘客纳入预检项目。
然而，这一计划还未达到预期目标，其中的一个主要原因就是定价太高。乘客必须每五年支付85美元进行背景审核。从一开始这一价格就是预检项目的重大缺陷。接下来的改革也许会把价格调整到合理的水平。但是国会应该通过资助预检项目或以别的方式来降低成本的方式直接参与到价格调整中去。
在大部分的游客得忍受不必要排队的痛苦之时，美国运输安全管理局不能继续将资源投入到未充分使用的预检通道中去了。要想让预检项目真的开始起作用，那还需要很长的时间。
TeGt2
“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuo Aalani, Hawaii’slastreigningmonarch,in1897.Starwatcherswereamongthemoste steemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinH awaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelesc ope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutioniz ehumanity’svie wofthecosmos.
AtissueistheTMT’splannedlocationonMauna Aea,adormantvolcano worshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiAo,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandst otheheavens.ButMaunaA eaisalsohometosomeoftheworld’smostpowerf ultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaAe a’spea Arisesabovetheb ulA ofourplanet’sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoo btainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.
OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaAeaisnothingnew.Asmallbutvocalg roupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisres pectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasoncea
sovereignnation.
Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheire agernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceistheonlywayofu nderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMauna A ea’sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheisland’sinhabitants.Hawaiian cultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetod ay.
Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacAtothedawnofc ivilization.Thesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbro ughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii’sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoe Gpl oretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaAeaortobanfut uredevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculture bothseeAtoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromand wherewearegoing.PerhapsthatiswhyweeGplorethestarrysAies,asifansweri ngaprimalcallingtoAnowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.
TheastronomycommunityismaAingcompromisestochangeitsuseofM aunaAea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethete lescope’svisibilityaroun dtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.Tolimitthe numberoftelescopesonMaunaAea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendofthei rlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.Thereisnoreasonwhyevery onecannotbewelcomedonMaunaAeatoembracetheirculturalheritageand tostudythestars.
26.QueenLiliuoA alani’sremar AinParagraph1indicates_________.
[A]itsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy
[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety
[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes
[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinhertime
27.MaunaAeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto__________.
[A]itsgeographicalfeatures
[B]itsprotectivesurroundings
[C]itsreligiousimplications
[D]itseGistinginfrastructure
28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause______ __.
[A]itmayrisAruiningtheirintellectuallife
[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory
[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival
[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaAea
29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday’sastronomy____ ______.
[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians
[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld
[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture
[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians’hostility
30.Theauthor’sattitudetowardchoosingMauna AeaastheTMTsiteisoneof ________.
[A]severecriticism
[B]passiveacceptance