从《窈窕淑女》影片中的英语发音和遣词造句简析社会语言学

英语方言的社会意义探析r——从电影《窈窕淑女》谈起赵芳
【期刊名称】《哈尔滨学院学报》
【年(卷),期】2018(039)009
【摘要】与世界其他语言一样,英语也是存在方言的,不同的英语国家、同一国家的不同地方在发音拼写等方面也常存在一定的地域差异.文章以1956年奥黛丽?赫本主演的电影《窈窕淑女》为切入点,不涉及这部经典戏剧本身的文学赏析,只是对剧中的英语方言进行了分析,并深入探究了英语方言的社会意义.
【总页数】3页(P97-99)
【作者】赵芳
【作者单位】山西大学商务学院,山西太原 030031
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H317
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本科毕业论文题目：从社会语言学的角度分析电影 《窈窕淑女》的对白学 院:外 国 语 学 院专 业:英 语学 号:****学生姓名:* *指导教师:* * *日 期:2010年6月4日摘 要社会语言学是研究社会和语言之间关系的学科，它包括两个方面，即语言和社会。

语言可以影响社会，社会也可以影响语言。

社会是一个复杂的体系，语言也是一个复杂的体系。

语言的社会功能，使用语言的不同方式，语言的变迁，语言的变体，语言的层次，以及它与政治，社会，文化，法律，人口，心理以及交际等方面的关系都属于社会语言学研究的内容。

文学作品和影视作品既是社会生活的缩影，也是社会生活的延伸和反映。

本文选取一部获得十三项奥斯卡大奖的经典影片《窈窕淑女》为研究对象，研究社会语言学在社会生活中的应用和表现形式，深层次地探究电影中人物对白背后所蕴含和传达的含义——人物的社会地位和心理，而人物的社会地位和心理在特定的场景下对情节又有着怎样的推动作用。

本文将从英语变体，好英语和坏英语，语码转换和话论交替四个方面，节选影片中的重要片段，分析对白在人物塑造和情节发展中起到的重要作用。

本文旨在将社会语言学具体化、实践化，加深对社会语言学的理解，提高对社会语言学的实际运用能力和对影视作品的鉴赏能力。

关键字：社会语言学; 英语变体; 语码转换; 话轮交替AbstractSociolinguistics is a subject which aims at exploring the relationship between society and language. Two aspects, language and society, constitute it. Language and society are mutually influenced. Both society and language belong to complex system. The objects for exploration include the social function of a language, different methods to use language, the transformation of language, the variation of language, the level of language, and the relationship of language with politics, society, culture, legislation, population and communication.The literature work and show work are not only the epitome but also the reflection and distension of the social life. In this paper, the classic film The Fair Lady, which has ever won 13 Oscar Prizes, is chosen as the object to make a research on the application and practice of sociolinguistics in the real life. In this paper, the application and manifestation of sociolinguistics in the social activities will be studied. Implication---the social status and mental state of characters, contained in the dialogue in the film, will be explored. Furthermore, how social status and mental state of characters in a particular scene exert influence on developing the plot on the whole will be studied in the paper. The four main aspects in the research are variation of English, good English and bad English, code-switching and turn-taking. The important episodes will be selected and analyzed to find its important function in molding characters and advancing plot.In this paper, we aim at putting sociolinguistics into practice, deepening our understanding of sociolinguistics, improving our capability to apply sociolinguistics knowledge and appreciate show work.Key words: sociolinguistics; variation of language; code-switching; turn-takingContents1 Introduction (1)2 A Brief Introduction to the Scenario (1)3 Variation of Language (2)3.1 Pronunciation (2)3.2 Grammar (3)3.3 Vocabulary (4)3.4 Dialogue Analysis (4)4 Good English and Bad English (5)4.1 Concepts of Good English and Bad English (5)4.2 Dialogue Analysis (7)5 Code Switching (8)5.1 The concept of Code switching (8)5.2 Dialogue Analysis (9)6 Turn-Taking (11)6.1 The Concept of Turn-Taking (11)6.2 Turn-Taking in Show Work (13)6.3 Dialogue Analysis (14)6.3.1 Turn Distribution and Turn Length (15)6.3.2 Turn Allocation and Turn Sequencing (16)7 Conclusion (17)Bibliography (19)Acknowledgements (21)Analysis of Dialogues in The Fair Ladyfrom Perspective of Sociolinguistics1 IntroductionThis paper establishes a link between sociolinguistics and the famous film The Fair Lady, which is adapted from the play Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw, a famous British playwright, which tells the story of how a phonetician changes a lovely working-class girl into a lady by changing her working-class talk into the speech of an elegant lady. An often quoted sentence from the play is “Once you open your mouth, you are placed”. It means your speech contains a lot of information about yourself—your place of birth, your education, your working experiences, your personal interest, your mood, your state of mind, among other things. The play shows convincingly that language application and social factors are closely related.Generally speaking, in sociolinguistics we are interested in how social factors influence the use of language. For example, when you meet strangers, the way they talk informs you of their social and geographical background, and the way you talk sends out some signals about what you think of them. It is these aspects of language use that sociolinguistics are out to exam. （刘润清，文旭， 2006： 196）In this paper, the film will be analyzed from aspects of variation of English, good English and bad English, code-switching and turn-taking. The emphasis will be attached to the turn-taking. Turn-taking is a complex concept, involving sociolinguistics and pragmatics. Actually, sociolinguistics and pragmatics, sometimes, overlap a lot. This paper tries to carry on the research mainly from the angle of sociolinguistics, with the help of pragmatics.2 A Brief Introduction to the ScenarioProfessor Henry Higgins loves language. He believes that much of the nuances and grandeur of the spoken word is lost. When his friend Hugh Pickering bets that he cannot fool people in upper class into believing a woman from the streets is one of them, he gladly takes the challenge and chooses his protégé.With a fantastic, heavy Cockney accent, Eliza Doolittle, after much coercion, is selected to become his test subject. As he works with her on her diction, he slowly begins to develop an affection for the girl in spite of their glaring differences in age and backgrounds.Through clever phrases such as ‘the rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain’, Eliza slowly develops into a linguistically talented woman. To complete the transformation, she is given new clothes and a new look in hopes that she can be decorated as a refined lady.It is at a horse race that he chooses to expose her to the element he wants desperately to accept her. Prof. Higgins nearly finds success until her rambunctious nature releases itself in the heat of excitement surrounding the equine tournament.Due to his growing angry with her failures at the party, conflict begins to develop between the two which eventually explodes in tempers causing them to part ways. Meanwhile, Eliza has caught the attention of awkward young aristocrat Freddy who loves her in spite of her flaws.The Fair Lady also looks deeply into the semi-romantic relationship between Eliza and Henry. Though they are trainer and pupil, there is a bond that connects them with one another. And, although they have had a lover-like spat, they ultimately realize their affections for one another. （张燕，2009）.3 Variation of LanguageThe key point of the research into sociolinguistics is the variation of language. In English-spoken countries and areas, people from different social stratification speak English with distinct differences, which are embodied in three aspects: pronunciation,vocabulary and grammar.（靳梅琳, 2005）3.1 PronunciationThe sociolinguist Trudgill (1990) has ever drawn an accent triangle, that is :RP refers to “received pronunciation, the accent of the best educated and most prestigious members of English society in Britain.”（Janet Holmes, 1987）In Britain and USA, people can be classified as the upper class, the middle class and the working class, taking account of income, education and work and social status. Almost all the people from the upper class and upper middle class speak RP, such as the BBC announcers, teachers and students in Oxford and Cambridge, whereas people from the lowest working class always have the accent which is full of the nonstandard pronunciation.3.2 GrammarFrom the aspect of grammar, the language spoken varies from one class to another. In general, people from the upper class tend to adopt the standard grammar which people from the lowest working class don’t. For example, in standard English, people can say “ I can’t eat anything. ” or “ I can eat nothing.” However, a lot of people ranked in working class express it in the way that “ I can’t eat nothing.” Obviously, they use double negation or even multiple negation to convey the meaningof negation. As we all know, it’s not in keeping with the grammar of standard English. According to a research, higher the class is, less the error exists. In fact, similar grammar errors are embodied in other aspects, including zero copula and zero possessive, such as “He old.’’ and “we house”. （Hudson, 2000）3.3 VocabularyThe third aspect lies in vocabulary. Due to the more educational experience, U-speakers (upper-class English people ) are disposed to complex and uncommon words while non U-speakers favor simple and oral words. In addition, other vocabulary differences come from the daily words because of the different habits. For example, U-speakers adopt sitting room while non U-speakers lounge. U-speakers use lavatory while non U-speakers toilet. U-speakers adopt sofa while non U-speakers settee.3.4 Dialogue AnalysisLook at dialogue 1 :Pickering：I'm afraid not. It's worse than before.Eliza：If it's worse, it's a sign it's nearly over. Cheer up, Capt'n,buy a flow'r off a poor girl.Pickering：I'm sorry, I haven't any change.Eliza：I can change 'alf a crown.Take this for tuppence.Pickering：I told you, I'm awfully sorry. Wait a minutes. Oh, yes. Here's three pence, if that's any use to you.Eliza： Thank you, sir.stranger：You be careful. Better give 'im a flower for it. There's a bloke there behind that pillar...takin' down every blessed wordyou're sayin'.Eliza：I ain't done nothin' wrong by speakin' to the gentleman. I've a right to sell flow'rs if I keep off the curb. I'm a respectable girl, so help me. I neverspoke to ‘im except to ask him to buy a flow'r off me.This is a dialogue at the beginning of the film. We all know that, the beginning of a film is supposed to demonstrate the figure and status of these characters. How tomake this demonstration natural and smooth? One of good methods is the language. The movie The Fair Lady is a typical example of this method.From this dialogue, we can easily classified Eliza into the lower class from the hint of her pronunciation and grammar. She often curtails the vowel in words, such as flower-- flow'r, captain-- Capt'n. She often clips the consonant /h/ in words, such as half-- 'alf, him—’im. She often pronounces /in/ instead of / i/, such as taking-- takin', speaking-- speakin'. All these pronunciation errors are typical characteristics of the pronunciation of people in lower class. In addition, her irregular grammar also reveals her status. For example, “it's a sign it's nearly over”. In this sentence, she omits ‘that’ in the nominal-clause.Eliza’s pronunciation and grammar reveals her social status---working class, undoubtedly, without the help of her dirty and ugly clothes. It lies a foundation for development of following plot. Because of her lower social status, she wants to change her destiny and then find Professor Higgins to correct her poor English. Against that background, the story starts.4 Good English and Bad English4.1 Concepts of Good English and Bad EnglishGood English refers to the standard English, in which words are appropriately used and fit for rule and regulation. In general, good English is supposed to bear widely—accepted and systematic grammar and used by these highly—educated and authoritative people, which could be replete with regional accent. “ It is, however, not necessary to speak RP to speak standard English. Standard English can be spoken with any regional accent.”Compared with the dialects, standard English has higher status and better prestige, which is regarded correct and pure. Nonstandard English is regarded erroneous and corrupt. In terms of linguistics, all language, including their servile dialects, have the same status. The phenomenon that a language is regarded noble, gorgeous and pure is attributed to the social attitude. The so-called good English and bad English are not caused by linguistic factors but social factors. (Robert, 2000)Bad English ( nonstandard English ) is often spoken by under-privileged and humble people. So the pronunciation of rural people in Britain is regarded unpleasant. Things are the same in China. In fact, the attitude we hold to dialect reflects our attitude towards people who speak this dialect.Linguist Robert Pooley made a hierarchic structure for English according to its quality, that is:Illiterate level is listed at the lowest, whose users are mainly the uneducated people. English at illiterate level has disordered tense, missing verb, inappropriate usage of word and erroneous negation, etc.Homely level is higher than illiterate level. English at this level, which is always used by children and lower class in the society, is not widely—accepted. Some talented people, having been limited by the background, job or region, have no access to getting better education and enter into the higher class in the society. They talk in this level of English at home.The third level is informal standard English, which is used by highly—educated people on the informal occasions, such as the teaching class at school, the conversation between two friends. English at this level is not characteristic of pedantry. We can encounter this level of English in the daily life, for example “Who did you send for?’’ or “Where can you get this kind of gloves?”The fourth level is formal standard English. Avoiding the informal style, formal standard English pays attention to the usage of words and sentences. It has canonical grammar, complex sentence structure, more adjunct with appropriate location and strict verb tense, etc. Formal standard English is usually in written style, including document, expository writing argumentative writing, etc. Some conjunctions, adverbs, prepositions and phrases are the symbols of formal style, that is despite, furthermore, inasmuch as, notwithstanding, on the contrary, etc.The top one is the literary level. English at this level, based on the formal standard English, puts more emphasis on the choice of words and the harmony of voice. The author usually infuses passion into his or her expressions. There are evident eloquence, such as metaphor, antithesis and irony, which emit the glamour of art and compel readers’ feeling of beauty.Among these five levels raised by Robert Pooley, the first two are regarded as bad English while the other three belong to good English.4.2 Dialogue AnalysisAccording to the features of every level of English, we can easily tell the background upon which one dialogue happens.Look at dialogue 2:stranger: You be careful. Better give 'im a flower for it. There's a bloke there behind that pillar...takin' down every blessed word you're sayin'.Eliza : I ain't done nothin' wrong by speakin' to the gentleman. I've a right to sell flow'rs if I keep off the curb. I'm a respectable girl, so help me. I never spoketo him except to ask him to buy a flow'r off me.Stranger : What's the bloomin' noise?Stranger : A tec's takin' her down.Eliza : I'm makin' an honest livin'There is no need for us to stare at the screen. Just listening to this dialogue which is full of evident pronunciation and grammar errors, we can tell all characters in this scene come from the lower class.Look at dialogue 3:Mother of Higgins : Colonel Pickering, you’re just in time for tea.Pickering : Thank you, Mrs. Higgins. May I introduce Miss Eliza Doolittle?Mother of Higgins : My dear Miss Doolittle.Eliza : How kind of you to let me come.Mother of Higgins : Delighted, my dear. Lady Boxington.Eliza: How do you do?In dialogue 3, the grammar is standard; the pronunciation is perfect. All people hold RP, the symbol of well-educated people. Undoubtedly, the occurrence of this dialogue is on an occasion in the upper class. People involved in this dialogue are all well-educated and high-positioned.We can make a comparison between Dialogue 2 and Dialogue 3. Obviously, Dialogue 2 occurs in a scene of lower class society due to the informal language in it, while dialogue 3 occurs in a scene of upper class society because of the formal language in it. When we judge a dialogue is formal or not, we can easily predict whether the scene where it happens belongs to upper class or lower class.5 Code Switching5.1 The concept of Code switchingThe concept of language variation in sociolinguistics refers to different manifestations of a language, that is a certain language manifestation for universal use by persons who have the similar social characteristic in the same social circumstances. Some sociolinguists use the concept of code, instead of the concept of language variation.（李宗利，2005.）The language variation is often seen as the standard of appraiser to the holder of the variation. Language variations consist of standard variation and non-standard variation.（Martin, 1995.）In terms of history, the standard variation of English is on the basis of the London dialect, which has developed after the invasion of Britain from Norman people and their transfer from Manchester to London. The non-standard variation includes the regional variation and the social variation. The holders of standard variation are usually more pregnant andhigher-positioned. Code-switching means the interacting use of two or more variations in a language by one person. (黎娜，2005)5.2 Dialogue AnalysisLook at dialogue 4 from the movie:Higgins：Would you rather marry Pickering?Eliza：I wouldn't marry you if you asked me and you're nearer my age than what he is.Higgins：-Than he is.Eliza ：I'll talk as I like, you're not my teacher. That's not what I want and don't you think it is. I've always had chaps enough wanting me that way. Freddy Hillwrites me twice and three times a day. Sheets and sheets.Higgins：In short, you want me to be as infatuated about you as he is, is that it? Eliza：No, I don't. That's not the sort of feeling I want from you.I want a little kindness. I know I'm a common, ignorant girl, and you're a book-learnedgentleman......but I'm not dirt under your feel. What I done...what I did wasnot for the taxis and the dresses......but because we were pleasant together,and I come to...came......to care for you. Not to want you to make loveto ...and not forgetting the difference between us, but......more friendly like.……Eliza：I'll go and be a teacher.Higgins：What'll you teach, in heaven's name?Eliza: What you taught me. I'll teach phonetics. I'll offer myself as an assistant to that brilliant Hungarian.Higgins：What, that imposter? That humbug? That toadying ignoramus? Teach him my methods, my discoveries? You take one step in that direction, I'll wringyour neck!Eliza：Wring away! What do I care? I knew you'd strike me one day.That's done you, 'Enry 'lggins, it 'as. Now, I don't care for your bullyin' an'your big talk.This dialogue occurs in the house of Higgins’ mother. After the deceitful success in the dancing party, Eliza can not bear arrogance and negligence from Higgins, and escape from the house of Higgins. When she is complaining to Higgins’ mother, she encounters Higgins, who is trying to seek her everywhere. In the preceding dialogue, there are three areas of code-switching.(1) The first one is that “I wouldn't marry you if you asked me and you're nearer my age than what he is.”The grammar and the phrase-using in the first half of the sentence are the norm, belonging to the standard code of English. This code-switching is under no intention of Eliza and in agreement of her humble background. However, the more important function lies in making cushion for the conflict in the next sentence. Higgins rectifies her error but encounter her peremptory refuse in the next sentence. Through this code-switching, what is reflected is that Eliza is no longer addicted to the upper-class society and no longer dependent on Higgins.(2) The second one is that “What I done...what I did was not for the taxis and the dresses......but because we were pleasant together, and I come to...came......to care for you." This code-switching is under the intention of Eliza. She takes “what I did…” instead of “what I done…”. She also changes “I come to …” into “I came to…” She is intends to convert her non-standard code to the standard code, which in fact is the conversion of her attitude of mind. When Higgins mitigates his attitude to Eliza, Eliza also becomes tender and opens her heart. For the sake of matching the confabulation with Higgins, she rectifies her habitual non-standard code, to draw near the distance with Higgins, revealing that she still bears profound love to Higgins.(3)“Wring away! What do I care? I knew you'd strike me one day.That's done you, 'Enry 'lggins, it 'as. Now, I don't care for your bullyin' an' your big talk。

从语言学来看《窈窕淑女》《窈窕淑女》是根据萧伯纳小说改编的一部电影，其中，奥黛丽赫本扮演女主人公伊莉莎——一个美丽但口音怪异、行为粗鄙的街头卖花女，她的嗓音引起了语言学家希金斯教授的注意，他和好友打赌，经过他的训练，卖花女也可以成为贵夫人。

他从最基本的字母发音开始对伊莉莎密集训练，在6个月后的一次重大舞会上，伊莉莎谈吐不凡，气质高雅，成为焦点。

学过语言学，再看这部影片，发现很多耐人寻味的语言现象。

从语言角度来看，卖花女伊莉莎的嗓音被希金斯教授称为“如小鸡在粮仓里咯咯叫”，“她发的每一个音都不适当，她应该被吊死因为她无情地谋杀了英语”。

从语音分析四的个方面（音高，音重，音长，音质）来解析伊莉莎的自身语音系统，她有着与其成长环境一致的发音习惯，比如，她会把“以为”发成“以味”的音，经常读错重音，会把[ə:]发成[ə]，把[z]发成[T] close cloth breeze breathe。

自由的生活环境和卖花女身份更丰富的了她的发音方式。

这让教授初教她发音字母时头疼不已。

从语法角度来看，伊莉莎的表达更是自由，她会说“两元一支”而不是“一枝花的价格是两元”。

这是一个紧缩句，或者是种语言的变换。

而教授要她学严谨优雅的英语语法，这对她来说无疑很困难。

从词汇和语言发展角度来看，首先是口语和书面语，伊莉莎会说“喝水”而不是“饮水”，说“脑袋”而不是“头颅”；其次是社会方言，她的圈子里说“盐巴”而上层社会会说“食盐”。

赫本的另一部电影《罗马假日》中，标志性的上层语言暴露了她的公主身份。

这些都是和她的职业、阶层相适应的。

包括她说话时的体态、表情广义上应该属于一种语言方式。

但教授的训练要她从词汇到体态甚至表情做全方位的转换，这是对一个成长于社会底层的她的折磨。

从各方面来讲，这注定是一次艰难的蜕变。

宏观上来讲，影片侧重的更是语言的阶级性方面，伊莉莎做这些改变的根源就是社会上下层在语言上有差别。

但语言本身不分贵贱，政治的贵贱之分给它抹上了势力的色彩。

2162019年09期总第449期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS从社会语言学角度看电影《窈窕淑女》文/吕 琳【摘要】电影《窈窕淑女》讲述的是一位名叫伊莉莎的下层阶级卖花女，在语音学教授希金斯的帮助下，通过改变自己的语言和行为，变成了一位美丽优雅的淑女。

本文旨在从社会语言学的角度对电影进行研究，即从方言包括地域方言与社会方言、语言与社会阶层、权力与团结方面来探讨语言与社会的关系。

【关键词】社会语言学；方言；社会阶层；权力与团结 【作者简介】吕琳(1991-)，女，汉族，河南人，西安翻译学院，助教，研究生，研究方向：外国语言学及应用语言学。

所有的人，被认为是一位外国公主。

不可否认，语言对一个人有很大的影响；它是反映一个人社会阶层的重要参数，是判断一个人社会身份的重要方法。

四、权力与团结说话人的某些语言选择表明说话人认为他与听者之间存在的社会关系。

根据Brown和Gilman (1960)的研究，“权力”反映了相对优越的地位、社会距离、不熟悉。

“团结”反映了亲密、熟悉、共同的经历。

普遍的共识似乎是男性更关心权力，女性更关心团结(Wardhaugh, 2000, p. 141)。

对男人来说，谈话是一种谈判，在这种谈判中，人们尽可能地取得并保持上风，并保护自己不受他人的压制和摆布。

相反，对于女性来说，对话是一种亲密的谈判，人们试图在对话中寻求并给予肯定和支持，并达成共识。

他们试图保护自己不被别人推开(Hudson, 2000, p.141)。

在影片中，伊莉莎和希金斯教授说话的方式截然不同，伊莉莎温柔、礼貌、合作，而希金斯教授则犀利、直来直去，有时甚至粗鲁无礼。

他说话通常不考虑伊莉莎，只说他想说的，既不礼貌又显得粗鲁。

五、结语本文从社会语言学的角度对电影《窈窕淑女》进行了解读研究，主要从方言、社会阶层、权力和团结方面进行了分析。

这部电影为我们提供了一个生动有趣的例证，让我们更好地理解语言和社会的关系，看到它们是如何相互影响的。

Viewing the Movie My Fair Lady from SociolinguisticPerspectiveby寇佳艳School of TourismXi'an International Studies UniversityXi’an, China2010Viewing the Movie My Fair Lady from Sociolinguistic PerspectiveAbstractMy Fair Lady is a classic movie, which has already been appreciated too much from the viewpoint of literature and translation, but few analysis are from linguistic viewpoint. It is also acknowledged that this movie is a good example of sociolinguistics. This paper is to analysis their dialogue in the film from sociolinguistic perspective. To be specific, this paper will discuss several sociolinguistic aspects by analyzing their dialogue and these aspects are language and social class, language and gender and language planning.摘要《窈窕淑女》是一部经典电影，许多学者已经从文学和翻译学角度对这部电影做了赏析，但很少有评析是以社会语言学角度出发的。

这部电影也是有关社会语言学一个很好的教材。

从语言学角度看《窈窕淑女》这是一部已经将近有50年历史的影片，37届奥斯卡最佳影片，主演是大名鼎鼎的奥黛丽.赫本女士。

影片的出彩点很多，诙谐的音乐，男女主人公之间特别的爱情，女主角的自尊自爱，以及故事前后的转变，包括群众演员的出彩表演，都是影片的亮点。

影片的成功，演员们的出色表演，包括影片折射的社会问题，都被人们津津乐道。

我就简单的从语言学谈谈这部影片给我的启示。

首先，语言本身是存在着一定的地域性差异的。

从影片开头即可看出，男主人公说卖花女的英语发音是如何的糟糕，这位语言学教授通过对周围人的说话发音即可准确的猜出人们来自的地方。

这显而易见，确实，不同区域的人们语言是存在差异的，纵使大家说的同时英语，但是发言还是不完全一样的，多少存在差别。

其次语言能折射反应一定的社会现状。

无论任何时候，语言在发展上，正式和非正式场合，都存在着差异。

非正式的语言大多是普通人们在使用，他们的语言，直接，诙谐。

正式语言则大多是上层社会独有的，语言华丽却又冗杂。

再者，语言的方式是多种多样的。

除去单纯的言语台词对白之外，片中还加以了许多的诙谐音乐，音乐作为一种语言表达方式，不仅仅能发挥语言的信息功能还能直白的表达出人物的情感，其娱乐功能也是显而易见的。

最后，就是关于语音。

通过语言学教授对卖花女的改造过程可以清晰的知道，人们的发音，是与个人的咽喉、口、鼻息息相关，气流作为发音能量的来源起着很关键的作用。

在片中可以看到教授要卖花女花了大量的精力去练气，连拿在手上纸被烧都无动于衷。

其实看这部片子，最大的感慨便是原来只要找对方法，勤加练习，多年来根深蒂固的发言恶习是可以改正剔除的。

学生：莫慧清09级英语六班学号：40904162。

万方数据万方数据万方数据从社会语言学角度看电影《窈窕淑女》作者：向婷婷， Xiang Tingting作者单位：北京林业大学外语学院,北京,100083刊名：语文学刊英文刊名：JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE STUDIES年，卷(期)：2010(9)1.Hudson,R.A Sociolinguisties 20002.Wardhaugh,Ronald An Introduction to Sociolinguistics 20043.McKay,Sandra Lee;Nancy H.Homberger Soeioliaguistics and Language Teaching 20034.李展;李道胜社会因素对语言的影响及社会语言学的应用[期刊论文]-信阳农业高等专科学校学报 2006(04)5.白佳芳社会语言学视角下的英语性别差异探析[期刊论文]-广西政法管理干部学院学报 2008(03)6.谢伟锋男女使用语言差异的社会语言学及后现代性分析[期刊论文]-乐山师范学院学报 2008(07)7.董芳运用社会语言学简析女性语言风格特色[期刊论文]-湖北广播电视大学学报 2007(03)8.窈窕淑女(电影) 20099.窈窕淑女My Fair Lady英文剧本 20091.向婷婷.Xiang Tingting从社会语言学角度看电影《窈窕淑女》[期刊论文]-语文学刊(外语教育教学)2010(5)2.社会语言学视角下的《窈窕淑女》[期刊论文]-青年文学家2009(21)3.付霆轶.王昔《窈窕淑女》与《公主日记》中体现的语言的人际功能[期刊论文]-东京文学2008(8)4.张可从社会语言学角度解读《卖花女》[期刊论文]-内蒙古农业大学学报（社会科学版）2010,12(2)5.叶春莉.Ye Chunli从《卖花女》看英语方言的社会属性[期刊论文]-昌吉学院学报2009(3)本文链接：/Periodical_ywxk201009018.aspx。

从电影《窈窕淑女》看英语语音教学策略【摘要】英语语音教学策略是教师为了帮助学生达到英语语音课程教学目标而采取的宏观和微观策略包括课程目标的设定、教学计划的制订、课程内容的安排、教学方法的选择和实施以及对教学效果的检测、反省和修正等。

本论文通过对电影《窈窕淑女》中语言学家希金斯教授对女主角伊莉莎语音教学策略的分析提出正确的英语语音教学策略。

分析了当前国内外的英语语音现状总结了语音教学的经验和经历得出了学好语音需要灵敏的耳朵和伶俐的嘴巴、学好语音需要句型操练、苦练和严格要求相结合为英语语音教学提供了可供参考的科学依据有利于广大国内外英语语音学习者的学习。

【关键词】教学策略；英语语音；《窈窕淑女》【作者简介】武同丹（1993-）女河南偃师人洛阳师范学院外国语学院硕士研究生在读研究方向：学科教学（英语）;李银芳（1958-）男河南方城人洛阳师范学院外国语学院教授硕士生导师学科带头人研究方向：应用语言学、英语阅读、英语修辞学、英汉汉英口译、英语写作等。

一、引言语言是以语音为物质外壳或物质形式以词汇为建筑材料以语法为结构规律而形成的体系因而语音、词汇和语法是构成语言的三大要素。

在这三个要素中语音是最基本要素。

没有声音这一物质形式语言的意义也就无从寄托、无从表现了离开了语音整个交际都将不可能或极其有限。

可以这么说口头的有声语言是书面语言的根基要将一种语言真正学好必须有声地来掌握该种语言也就是首先应该掌握语音。

外语学习更是如此。

所以英语语音教学是整个英语教学的起点语音关是教学的第一关。

英语语音教学是英语教学中最重要的环节之一。

影片《窈窕淑女》(MyFairLady)改编自肖伯纳的同名喜剧由奥黛丽•赫本(Audreyllepburn)主演的获得1964年奥斯卡八项大奖的经典电影。

讲述了语音学教授希金斯在六个月内将一个口音怪异的卖花女伊莱莎训练成为一名淑女的故事。

影片的大部分情节是围绕着语言学教授希金斯对卖花女伊莱莎进行的语音训练展开的。

窈窕淑女电影中的语言学知识
《窈窕淑女》(My Fair Lady)是一部1964年的经典电影，由奥黛丽·赫本和雷克斯·哈里森主演。

电影改编自萧伯纳的同名戏剧，讲述了一个语言学家和一个卖花女的故事。

卖花女通过学习语言和礼仪，最终成为了一位淑女。

在语言学方面，电影中有很多值得注意的地方。

以下是一些可能出现的知识点：
1. 语音学：电影中出现了很多语音学的知识，如音素、发音、音调等。

教授希金斯在纠正伊莉莎·多莉特(奥黛丽·赫本饰)的发音时，就涉及到了这些语音学概念。

2. 音韵学：教授希金斯在教授伊莉莎·多莉特时，提到了押韵和音韵学。

音韵学是研究语音的系统性和规则性的学科。

3. 方言和语言接触：电影中出现了很多不同口音和方言的对话，展示了不同社会阶层和背景的人们的语言使用情况。

此外，还涉及到不同语言之间的接触和影响，如英语和法语在社交场合的使用。

4. 社会语言学：电影展示了语言和社会地位的关系。

教授希金斯认为语言是区分社会地位和身份的重要标志，而伊莉莎·多莉特则通过学习成为了一位淑女，证明了语言在社交中的作用。

5. 语言习得：电影中展示了伊莉莎·多莉特通过学习教授希金斯的发音、语法和词汇等语言知识，逐渐掌握了上层社会的语言习惯，并成功地融入了上层社会。

这体现了人类语言习得的过程。

总之，《窈窕淑女》是一部展示语言在社会中的重要性的经典电影，通过主人公伊莉莎·多莉特的成长经历，让观众深入了解了语言学的一些基本概念和知识。

第３９卷㊀第９期２０１８年９月哈尔滨学院学报ＪＯＵＲＮＡＬＯＦＨＡＲＢＩＮＵＮＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹＶｏｌ.３９㊀Ｎｏ.９Ｓｅｐ.２０１８㊀㊀[文章编号]１００４ ５８５６(２０１８)０９ ００９７ ０３英语方言的社会意义探析从电影«窈窕淑女»谈起赵㊀芳(山西大学商务学院ꎬ山西太原㊀０３００３１)[摘㊀要]与世界其他语言一样ꎬ英语也是存在方言的ꎬ不同的英语国家㊁同一国家的不同地方在发音拼写等方面也常存在一定的地域差异ꎮ文章以１９５６年奥黛丽?赫本主演的电影«窈窕淑女»为切入点ꎬ不涉及这部经典戏剧本身的文学赏析ꎬ只是对剧中的英语方言进行了分析ꎬ并深入探究了英语方言的社会意义ꎮ[关键词]英语方言ꎻ社会意义ꎻ«卖花女»ꎻ标准英语[中图分类号]Ｈ３１７㊀㊀[文献标识码]Ａ㊀㊀ｄｏｉ:１０.３９６９/ｊ.ｉｓｓｎ.１００４－５８５６.２０１８.０９.０２５㊀㊀任何语言都会随着使用地区以及历史变迁而变化ꎬ这种变化本质上是社会发展在语言领域的重要反映ꎬ同时语言系统在社会大环境中的变化和逐渐完善的过程ꎬ表现出语言会随着使用环境的变化而变化ꎮ英语本身的发源就比较复杂ꎬ再加上后来英国殖民者的开拓ꎬ使得英语的方言现象更加复杂ꎬ不仅仅是英国㊁美国㊁澳大利亚这些国家之间存有差异性ꎬ在英国的不同地区也存在明显的方言现象ꎬ方言的差异性也反映着社会的变动ꎬ有着一定的社会意义ꎮ本文以电影«窈窕淑女»为例ꎬ分析英语方言的社会属性ꎮ一㊁电影«窈窕淑女»剧情简介«窈窕淑女»是根据萧伯纳«卖花女»改编的电影ꎬ讲述了出身低微ꎬ但长相清秀㊁聪明乖巧ꎬ卖花女伊蕾莎有一天在大街上叫卖鲜花时ꎬ她低俗的语音引起了一个语言学教授的注意ꎬ教授认为她的口音非常特殊ꎬ因此而向她提出上门指导她发音ꎬ并承诺如果接受他的训练ꎬ卖花女也可以成为贵妇人ꎮ经过一段时间的训练后ꎬ卖花女最终被改造成上流社会淑女ꎮ从影片中我们看到人的口音的影响力ꎮ值得一提的是ꎬ«卖花女»的结局中卖花女并没有和教授在一起ꎬ这在很大程度上违背了观众的美好愿望ꎬ后来萧伯纳更改了剧本ꎬ在电影中卖花女伊蕾莎又回到教授希金斯的身边ꎬ之后的很多音乐剧和电影中均采用这一结局ꎮ二㊁英语方言的地域性差异英语方言十分复杂ꎬ仅英国本土就有英格兰口音㊁爱尔兰口音和威尔士口音ꎬ还有很多有着明显的方言特征的澳大利亚㊁印度以及新西兰等国家ꎬ他们在英语的词汇㊁发音以及语法的应用方面各有不同ꎬ这样的地区差异就是英语方言的地域特点ꎮ这里首先要引入两个概念:方言(ｄｉａｌｅｃｔ)和口音(ａｃｃｅｎｔ)ꎬ其中口音是把英语作为母语的人的一种发音方式ꎬ从发音上能够分析和推测一个人的社会地位和区域ꎬ如从电影«窈窕淑女»中卖花女的口音能判断出其㊀㊀[收稿日期]２０１８－０４－１２㊀㊀[作者简介]赵㊀芳(１９８２－)ꎬ女ꎬ河北阜城人ꎬ讲师ꎬ硕士ꎬ主要从事外国语言学及应用语言学研究ꎮ处于社会底层ꎮ可以说ꎬ口音是方言的一部分ꎬ口音能够显示出一个人的社会属性ꎬ即社会阶层㊁受教育程度等基本特征ꎮ而方言还包含了英语的语法和词汇的用法等ꎮ根据方言和口音ꎬ能够判断出说话者来自何处ꎬ在哪里成长等信息ꎮ电影«窈窕淑女»中教授听见卖花女的口音ꎬ表现出惊讶和诧异ꎬ并对卖花女的口音以及卖花女的身世产生了一定的困惑ꎮ如:例１㊀Ｂｌｉｍｅｙꎬｈｅａｉｎ'ｔａｔｅｃꎬｈｅ'ｓａｂｌｏｏｍｉｎｇｂｕｓｙｂｏｄｙ.ｌｆｌｍａｙａｓｋꎬｓｉｒꎬｄｏｙｏｕｄｏｔｈｉｓｓｏｒｔｏｆｔｈｉｎｇｆｏｒａｌｉｖｉｎｇａｔａｍｕｓｉｃｈａｌｌ?例２㊀Ｗｅｌｌꎬｌｈａｖｅｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｏｆｉｔ.Ｐｅｒｈａｐｓｌｗｉｌｌｏｎｅｄａｙ.例３㊀Ｈｅ'ｓｎｏｇｅｎｔｌｅｍａｎ.Ｈｅａｉｎ'ｔꎬｔｏｉｎｔｅｒ￣ｆｅｒｅｗｉｔｈａｐｏｏｒｇｉｒｌ.例４㊀ＨｏｗｄｏｙｏｕｄｏｉｔꎬｍａｙＩａｓｋ?例５㊀Ｓｉｍｐｌｅｐｈｏｎｅｔｉｃｓ.Ｔｈｅｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｏｆｓｐｅ￣ｅｃｈ.例６㊀Ｔｈａｔ'ｓｍｙｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎ.Ａｌｓｏｍｙｈｏｂｂｙ.例７㊀ＡｎｙｏｎｅｃａｎｓｐｏｔａｎｌｒｉｓｈｍａｎｏｒａＹｏｒ￣ｋｓｈｉｒｅｍａｎｂｙｈｉｓｂｒｏｇｕｅꎬｂｕｔｌｃａｎｐｌａｃｅａｍａｎｗｉｔｈｉｎｓｉｘｍｉｌｅｓ.例８㊀ｌｃａｎｐｌａｃｅｈｉｍｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｗｏｍｉｌｅｓｉｎＬｏｎｄｏｎ.Ｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｗｏｓｔｒｅｅｔｓ.例９㊀Ｏｕｇｈｔｔｏｂｅａｓｈａｍｅｄｏｆｈｉｍｓｅｌｆꎬｕｎ￣ｍａｎｌｙｃｏｗａｒｄ.ｌｓｔｈｅｒｅａｌｉｖｉｎｇｉｎｔｈａｔ?Ｏｈꎬｙｅｓꎬｑｕｉｔｅａｆａｔｏｎｅ.教授说他研究的是语言学ꎬ专业方向是研究语音ꎬ他能够通过一个人的口音辨识出一个人到底是爱尔兰人还是约克郡人ꎬ甚至可以将一个人的生活范围缩小到一个６英里的范围ꎬ而在伦敦这个数值是２英里ꎮ影片中这段对白的描写ꎬ直接为人们展示了英语口音的地域性ꎬ尽管有些夸张ꎬ但确实能够通过一个人的口音获知这个人的社会地位ꎮ三、英语方言和社会阶层之间的关系１.英语方言和社会阶层在电影«窈窕淑女»中ꎬ教授认为只要卖花女通过练习获得一口标准的英语发音ꎬ就能彻底改变命运ꎬ说明了教授认为一个人的口音和社会地位有着一定的关系ꎮ在英国ꎬ社会阶层和社会地位越高ꎬ其地域口音就越轻ꎬ英国曾一度将皇室发音认定为标准的英式发音ꎮ粗俗的发音对应着低贱的社会地位ꎬ而标准的口音对应着良好的教养和较高的社会地位ꎮ事实上ꎬ在英格兰的大多数地方ꎬ人们的语言不存在所谓的地域口音(ｌｏｃａｌ－ａｃｃｅｎｔ)ꎬ从其语言的发音根本看不出区别ꎬ这种没有明显地域口音的发音就是通常意义上的英语标准发音(Ｒｅ￣ｃｅｉｖｅｄｐｒｏｎｕｎｃｉａｔｉｏｎ简称ＲＰ)ꎮ但这类发音通常是上流社会或者受教育程度高的标志ꎬ这样的标准发音在英国占比约３％ꎬ我们所说的标准英式英语指的就是这个ꎮ在这里ꎬ我们要提到另一个容易混淆的概念 标准英语(ＳｔａｎｄａｒｄＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ)ꎬ严格意义上来说ꎬ标准英语也是英语方言的一种ꎬ只不过它的使用模式较为固定ꎬ是很多正规场合如写作㊁教学㊁播音等使用的语言ꎬ和ＲＰ不同的是ꎬ标准英语的社会属性的表征不是很明显ꎬ但仍然表现出一定的地域性口音ꎮ２.英语方言和个体的社会属性一个人的身份象征是其社会属性的重要体现ꎬ而«窈窕淑女»就有着这样的情节设定ꎬ女主角伊蕾莎通过学习标准用语获得了身份的变化ꎬ说明了英语发音与一个人社会属性之间的直接联系ꎮ这种联系主要体现在以下两个方面:(１)语言能够表现身份ꎮ从现代语言学来看ꎬ不同的语言变体之间的社会学意义是平等的ꎬ虽然不能说某些语言变化使得另一个个体表现的更加高级或者优美ꎬ但是人们对于语言发音方式的评价带有一定社会性ꎬ这种社会性也直接影响着英语方言的社会性ꎮ如果某个类型的英语发音隶属的话语社团是高级的ꎬ那么这个语言的受体也是受人尊敬的ꎬ表现出较高的社会地位ꎮ反之ꎬ就会被人认为是粗俗的ꎮ例如ꎬ影片中教授说: ＹｏｕｓｅｅｔｈｉｓｃｒｅａｔｕｒｅｗｉｔｈｈｅｒｃｕｒｂｓｔｏｎｅＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ?ＴｈｅＥｎｇｌｉｓｈｔｈａｔ'ｌｌｋｅｅｐｈｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｇｕｔｔｅｒｔｉｌｌｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆｈｅｒｄａｙｓ? 教授认为ꎬ这样的英语发音非常的拙劣ꎬ并认为这样的英语发音可能会死在贫民窟中ꎮ这其实是上流社会的人对于其他英语方言个体的歧视和污蔑ꎬ可以说是语言歧视ꎮ(２)语言能够构建社会身份ꎮ既然不同的英语方言体现着不同的社会地位ꎬ那么是否可以通过改变一个人的发音或者英语使用习惯来改变一个人的社会属性呢?我们从影片中能够找到答案ꎮ因为人在社会中的属性呈现出一定的流动性ꎬ人们往往会为了获取更好的物质生活和精神生活ꎬ运用各种手段来改变自身的社会属性ꎬ有意或者无意８９㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀哈尔滨学院学报２０１８年的采取一定的方式来改变语言的表达方式ꎬ利用语言交际的方式重建自己的社会身份ꎬ塑造和维持自身社会属性ꎮ«窈窕淑女»中的卖花女伊蕾莎接受的语言训练实际上是一个社会身份重新构建的过程ꎮ经过长时间的艰苦训练ꎬ伊蕾莎参加女王宴会时ꎬ她熟练的运用标准英语成功地蒙蔽了所有人ꎬ这说明英语方言对人的社会属性的影响是巨大的ꎬ是一个人社会地位的重要象征ꎬ也是人们判断一个人社会地位的重要指标ꎮ３.英语方言和社会权威方言的发展和社会权威紧密相连ꎮ社会群体对权威的向往是维系口音生命力的一个重要因素ꎮ英语的标准发音原本只是英国当地的一种方言ꎬ但随着该地区成为权力和影响力的中心ꎬ该方言逐渐被其他地区采用ꎬ包括伦敦和东南方向的广大地区ꎮ后来政府和官方文件均采用该方言ꎬ使得这种发音形式的官方地位得以确定ꎬ并被中产阶级和上层社会广泛运用ꎬ进而巩固了该方言的权威性ꎬ使得该方言从众多方言中脱颖而出ꎬ成为标准发音ꎮ«窈窕淑女»中的卖花女伊蕾莎放弃原来的发音方式ꎬ选择语言训练来改变口音就是出于对社会权威的向往ꎮ伊蕾莎本来操着一口 低俗 的方言ꎬ由于该方言所附属的社会阶层的权威低下ꎬ因而被操着代表权威的标准发音的教授嘲笑ꎮ教授认为ꎬ如果伊蕾莎能使用标准发音ꎬ她的命运将会彻底改变ꎮ因此ꎬ向往权威ꎬ不屈服于命运并向往体面生活的伊蕾莎决定放弃原来的方言ꎬ练习权威性高的标准发音ꎮ就因为有大量与卖花女伊蕾莎一样向往权威的人ꎬ才使得由方言发展而来的标准发音的地位得到巩固ꎮ四㊁结语从萧伯纳经典作品«卖花女»改编的电影«窈窕淑女»反映的不仅仅是其社会意义和文化意义ꎬ同时也展现了英语语言的复杂性ꎬ以及英语方言和个体社会属性之间的联系ꎮ一旦英语发音和社会学相结合ꎬ就会诞生更多的研究方向和研究课题ꎬ从而促进英语研究的进一步发展ꎮ[参㊀考㊀文㊀献] [１]叶春莉.从«卖花女»看英语方言的社会属性[Ｊ].昌吉学院学报ꎬ２００９ꎬ(３).[２]刘佩佩.论英语方言形成的影响因素[Ｊ].北方文学(中旬刊)ꎬ２０１３ꎬ(１０).[３]董玲.«即将成人»中作为叙事策略的黑人英语方言[Ｊ].广西民族师范学院学报ꎬ２０１０ꎬ(４). [４]董玲.赖特小说«即将成人»中作为叙事策略的黑人英语方言[Ｊ].牡丹江师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)ꎬ２０１０ꎬ(５).[５]付艳丽.英语及英语方言中动词差异现象分析[Ｊ].成才之路ꎬ２００９ꎬ(２１).[６]刘芬.从功能翻译理论看英语方言的汉译 以«苔丝»的两个汉译本为例[Ｄ].青岛科技大学ꎬ２０１３.[７]吴海彬.批评视野中语言的社会意义 以英语方言和口音为例[Ｊ].广东青年职业学院学报ꎬ２０１３ꎬ(２).责任编辑:张㊀庆ＴｈｅＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅＳｏｃｉａｌＭｅａｎｉｎｇｏｆＥｎｇｌｉｓｈＤｉａｌｅｃｔｓＷｉｔｈｔｈｅＥｘａｍｐｌｅｏｆ ＭｙＦａｉｒＬａｄｙＺＨＡＯＦａｎｇ(ＳｈａｎｘｉＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙꎬＴａｉｙｕａｎ０３００３１ꎬＣｈｉｎａ)Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ:ＬｉｋｅａｎｙｏｔｈｅｒｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓꎬｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｄｉａｌｅｃｔｓｉｎＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ.ＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｉｎｔｅｒｍｓｏｆｓｐｅｌｌｉｎｇａｎｄｐｒｏｎｕｎｃｉａｔｉｏｎｉｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ￣ｓｐｅａｋｉｎｇｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓꎬｖａ￣ｒｉｏｕｓｒｅｇｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ.Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｘａｍｐｌｅｏｆ ＭｙＦａｉｒＬａｄｙ ꎬｔｈｅｄｉａｌｅｃｔｓｏｆＥｎｇ￣ｌｉｓｈａｒｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｄｔｏｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｔｈｅｓｏｃｉａｌｍｅａｎｉｎｇ.Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ:Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈｄｉａｌｅｃｔｓꎻｓｏｃｉａｌｍｅａｎｉｎｇꎻ ＭｙＦａｉｒＬａｄｙ ꎻｓｔａｎｄａｒｄＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ９９第９期赵㊀芳:英语方言的社会意义探析。