顾家北手把手教你写作范文全文+中文翻译(剑12版)

写作从4.5到6的过程——献给顾家北⽼师关于雅思写作，是⼤部分学⽣是不太擅长的⼀项，也是⽐较难提⾼分数的⼀项，⾄于雅思写作的要求我就不做⼀⼀介绍了，我相信⼤部分烤鸭已经不只是⼀次两次的战⽃了。

那就直奔主题吧——认识顾家北⽼师从写作4.5到6的过程。

刚接触顾家北⽼师是微博上⽆意中看到的，看到这位⽼师教出来的学⽣基本都是写作在7分以上，这⼀点让我相信了顾⽼师⽼师，由于是⽹络授课（第⼀次接触）于是就揣着忐忑的⼼报了顾⽼师的⼩班，本⼈基础不好， 2013年2⽉23⽇参加雅思考试，写作考了4.5，⼝语也是4.5，可想⽽知，不管从我的词汇和语法是有多糟糕，所以⼩班给我带来的好处就是让我的语法有了突飞猛进的转变，2013年3⽉9⽇再⼀次参加考试写作到了6，⼝语也到了6。

这期间⼤概只有10多天的时间。

不管你信或者不信，以下我想声明⼏点：⾸先，我不是学霸，不会⼀天花上⼏个⼩时来看英语，最多也就2到3个⼩时，再加上基础不好，就从未想过要突破什么7分之类的，这10⼏天，也就是上了顾家北⽼师的⼩班+词伙班，且不说有多神奇，⾄少我只想⽤事实说话。

第⼆，我不是托，我不需要讨好什么⽼师来花这么长的时间来写这段话。

第三，不管你是有⼏分的基础，我相信只要按照顾家北⽼师的⽅法，就单单写作来讲，算得上是百尺竿头更近⼀步。

关于⼩班顾⽼师的⼩班⼤概在40多个⼈左右，每次课都有语法部分的安排，基础不太好的我，上课前会提前预习⽼师的课件，以⾄于上课时不会跟不上课程的节奏，毕竟这个不是⼀对⼀。

但是你若有任何问题，顾⽼师都会耐⼼的解答。

所以这点你不必担⼼你会跟不⾛。

截⽌到2⽉23⽇，我是已经上了⼩班3节课，明显感觉到⾃⼰的语法部分有了很⼤的提升，虽然可能有部分同学认为，雅思考试语法不重要，可我个⼈认为这是⼀个很重要的环节，不然我的⼝语也不会从4.5提升到6，这期间仅仅只有10多天（2013年3⽉9⽇，再⼀次参加雅思考试⼝语6），各位烤鸭不管你信或者不信语法这东西是否重要，语法这东西不是⽩学的，它的作⽤是助你从中端冲⼊⾼端，尽管在初级阶段的确看起来作⽤不⼤。

顾家北手把手教你写作文电子在备考雅思的过程中，最重要的一个环节就是做剑桥雅思的真题。

真题可以充分模拟雅思考试的难度并让大家熟悉出题的思路，所以考雅思的同学几乎每个人都有几本真题。

但是光做真题也是不够的。

因为我除了做真题之外，还要认真研究自己做错的题，我们要明白为什么会做错；我还要研究字蒙对的题，要了解为什么要选择这样的选项，剑桥雅思12真题/group/topic/115252111/；我们甚至还要再研究一遍自己做对的题，要明白为什么这个选项是对的，而其他的选项是错的。

这样算下来，研习一套真题至少要花上两三天的时间。

顾家北老师的写作书和写作课对雅思写作的能力和分数提升是很有帮助的，我们就亲切的叫他北北吧。

北北这本手把手出版已经好几年了，这次针对剑九修改并再版，依旧值得烤鸭们学习。

北北这本手把手尤其适合语法薄弱的，和想脱离模版的烤鸭们。

同样也适合入门级考生，里面以问答的方式解答了关于雅思作文的各种各样的问题，以改错的形式讲语法，讲范文的方式更是特别，个人觉得很有帮助，这书写得很用心，能够看得出北北是从学渣的角度去分析研究怎么样才能让学渣有实力通过雅思写作。

这本书很适合烤鸭们，尤其是对新烤鸭。

里面的内容很容易看懂，而且修改的错误都是中国学生最容易犯得基础错误，好好利用非常的有收获，书里面详细解释了大家常见的语法错误，有很多范例，适合语法不好的同学来纠正句子。

另外还有一些常见作文的经典观点，也很实用。

这本书的另一个特点是对于自学的考生很有用，书里直接给读者列好了一个学习计划，基本上可以一天两篇练习，不但可以自己动手练笔，还能照着范例进行修改。

书里还有很多语法俗称，对于语法都忘光了烤鸭来说，这样也能速补一下，达到临阵磨枪的效果。

就目前市场上流行的雅思作文辅导书来看，这本算最好的三本之一了，内容很丰富而且全面。

这里和大家分享顾家北手把手教你雅思写作（剑9版）这本书。

首先，这本书籍适合雅思写作初级的考生：书籍以问答的方式解答了关于雅思作文的各种各样的问题，以改错的形式讲语法，讲范文的方式更是特别。

Recent years, the number of crimes committed by young people in major cities throughout the world has been increasing. Why this has happened and how to deal with this problem? 犯罪A大城市竞争激烈B经济和心理压力大C年轻人犯罪解决Intense competition economic pressures release negative emotionsA: 影视作品追求收视率 R: 接触承认内容 E：年轻人模仿Boost ratings, exposed to adult content， fall into a life of crime led astrayA政府加强教育宣传R认识到犯罪严重性E少年犯罪率下降Launch awareness campaigns, dire consequences of crimes, curb crime年轻人应注重培养各方面的能力(receive a well-rounded education) b. 提高年轻人的竞争力（increase competitiveness） c. 解决生存问题(make a decent living)，年轻人犯罪率下降Juvenile delinquency has become a widespread problem in some urban areas and it is important to tackle this problem.The competition is intense in cities and this is possibly a primary cause of soaring youth crime. Young people are likely to face some problems that cause economic pressures, and it is difficult for them to find well-paid jobs and afford property. They may choose to commit crimes to release negative emotions or sometimes to earn a fast buck.Another reason is that media companies give importance to the coverage of violence and crime in order to boost ratings. Exposure to violence can have a negative effect on young people's perception of violence, and they do not realise the consequences of their behaviour. As a consequence, they may fall into a life of crime. This is particularly the case for those who lack self-control.To solve this problem, governments should launch awareness campaigns, which enable young adults to understand the dire consequences of crimes. It is therefore easier to curb crime. Young people should also receive a well-rounded education and improve skills. Education can provide them with oppoirtunities to increase competitivenes and make a decent living. This will also lead to a lower crime rate.To summarise, I believe that competition and the media are responsible for juvenile delinquency. This issue can be addressed by government action, such as giving young people educational opportunities.Some teachers say students should be organised into groups to study. Others argue students should be arranged to study alone. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.教育类A 小组学习B 互相交流，知识共享C 学生能发现自己知识漏洞（knowledge gaps）Draw upon each other’s ideas pool knowledgeA 单独学习b.不会被同伴拉后腿（held back by peersc. ）专心(concentrate on studies) , 时间自由(Manage time freely )，效率高A小组学习-B一起讨论 -C提升交流 (Communication skills)、合作(abilities to work well in groups) 、解决冲突能力(skills to resolve disagreement)It is sometimes argued that students can achieve more if they study in groups. I agree with this idea, although studying independently is sometimes important.If students study in teams, they are able to communicate with each other and share knowledge. Teamwork provides them with opportunities to discover knowledge gaps and acquire knowledge accordingly to fill these gaps. They can make the most of each other’s knowledge and strengths to overcome their weaknesses. By contrast, it is difficult for those students who study by themselves to realise their problems and make progress. On the other hand, opponents argue that it is possible to improve learning outcomes, if students study independently.These students are less likely to be held back by peers, and they do not have to block out distractions in team meetings or assignments. It is easier for them to concentrate on studies and manage time freely, thereby performing well in studies. This benefit is obvious for high-achievers.In my opinion, studying in groups enables students to improve communicationskills.They normally discuss how to solve problems together and how to deal with team tasks. These experiences make it possible for them to improve abilities to work well in groups and upgrade the skills to resolve disagreement. They are thus well prepared for their working lives.To sum up, I believe that both approaches can benefit students, but it appears that studying in groups offers more advantages.Some people think the increasing business and cultural contact between countries brings many positive effects. Others say it causes the loss of national identities. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion. 全球化Advertising encourages consumers to buy in quantity rather than promoting quality. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 媒体——广告。

passage 1：environmental problems are so big that they cannot be solved by any person or country alone. Instead, it should be solved at international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree.Environmental degradation has been recognized as one of the main challenges that we have to overcome in the 21st century. The rapid deterioration of environmental problems is believed to have posed a threat to our survival. To address this concern, countries worldwide should join forces, instead of working individually for their own targets.People support international cooperation for two reasons and the first point is that the impact of environmental problems is normally on a global scale. It is common knowledge that we share the same biosphere, whose components are interrelated. For example, a stream in one country can be polluted by the sewage dumped by its neighboring country. In other words, one country’s effort to tackle pollution can be futile if other countries are not involved. It should be noted that some countries do not have adequate resources(including capital and technology) to reduce pollution, even though these countries realise the importance of environmental protection. These countries can cooperate with developed countries, introduce technology and draw on experience so as to implement environmentally friendly policies continuously.Despite the importance of international cooperation, countries should take the initiative to implement some changes. It is fair to say that countries are confronted with different environmental problems. For instance, greenhouse gas emissions in china are mainly created by the electricity generation industry while those in the United States are primarily attributed to the increase in car use. The technologies and methods that are globally applicable may not be effective in some countries. In addition, countries should enforce some environmental laws and raise citizens’ awareness so as to restore the environment. To summarize, countries should make a joint effort not only because the ecosystem is a unified mechanism but also because it can make optimal use of financial and human resources. Countries’s resource commitment is also important at regional or national level. futile: 没有⽤用的In some countries, it is now possible for people to buy products made in other countries. To what extent do the benefits of this development outweigh the problems?As the world is increasingly globalized, the exchange of commodities across the border is proceeding at an astounding rate. It has sparked the controversy over whether the increase in imports has adverse impacts. From my point of view, the practice’s advantage s outweigh its disadvantages.Importing goods can yield a number of benefits. The first benefit is that despite the high cost of transportation, imports are competitively priced. The main reason is that the countries which export these goods normally have their technology and professional knowledge to ensure the goods’ quality and affordability. For example, China specializes in the production of textile products so china-made textile are cheaper than local counterparts in many parts of the world. Besides，imported goods have challenged domestic manufactures’ dominance and intensified competition, thereby prompting these manufacturers to lower product prices. It is beneficial to domestic customers, because products are more affordable and the cost of living will decline.On the other hand, the downside of importing goods is that the excessive reliance on imports is likely to lead to the underdevelopment of some domestic industries. For instance, many countries import computers, resulting in domestic manufacturers’ bankruptcy. This is detrimental to the development of a self-contained economy, and also likely to trigger massive job cuts. Another problem is that transportation may create considerable pollution, especially when it involves air freight. It will degrade air quality and also lead to other environmental issues, such as global warning.It is therefore reasonable to think that the advantage of importing commodities should be accepted with caution. Although customers are able to acquire commodities at lower cost, countries also need to pay attention to the development of their respective industries.Some people believe that charities should give aid to whose who need the aid most, wherever they live. Some people believe that charity organisations would better concentrate on people in their own countries instead. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.Concern about humanitarian assistance has been heightened in recent years. Although international aid illustrates the moral ideal of mankind, many people who hold opposing views think that the welfare of fellow citizens is the priority. International aid has its weaknesses, but its importance should not be denied.The main reason why international donation agencies should view international assistance from a global perspective is that their funds can help the citizens of those recipient countries to combat poverty, disease and inequality. We should recognize that citizens of developing countries are in desperate need of aid, because they are susceptible to natural or man-made disasters such as wars. In those war-torn or poverty-stricken countries, where resources are scanty, there is a high demand for food, medicine, tents and shelters. Despite the importance of helping those beyond our national borders, it is reasonable to lend a hand to our fellow citizens. Even in the richest countries, there are some disadvantaged/ deprived/ needy people whose needs for daily necessities are not met. If we can solve problems on our doorstep, low income people can have basic living standards and this is beneficial to social stability.From my personal perspective, humanitarian action can restore some of their basic rights, such as the right to receive education, in recipient countries. This is consistent with the universal principle of supporting vulnerable populations. Those who cannot provide financial support can work as aid workers and deliver services (e.g., training and medical service) to those needy people.To summarise, we should realise the implications of international aid to those who are affected by disasters, poverty and misfortunes. We can deliver aid to other countries to show compassion, although local beneficiaries is important.Societies benefit from international tourism and business. To what extent do you agree or disagree?In recent years, tourism has become an important industry and brought unprecedented opportunities to these countries. However, the impact of tourism on these countries remains a source of constant debate. The essay will elaborate on both positive and negative effects fo tourism.The implications of tourism for some countries are two fold. First of all, it should be recognized that the development of tourism stimulates economic growth by generating enormous employment opportunities and increasing foreign exchange earning. The benefit is particularly valuable to those impoverished countries, whose citizens are jobless, malnourished and ill-housed. Tourism provides a driving force for the development of various industries such as hospitality, transportation, communications, retail sales and manufacture, which require substantial capital investments. Without the revenues created by tourism, these industries are not likely to develop and the economic growth will be sluggish. Furthermore, tourism provides economic incentives for cultural preservation, because some places of cultural importance, e.g., historical sites, remain the most popular destinations. Those who express concerns about the negative effect of tourism should realise that tourism revenues can be used to protect cultural or historical heritage and also the local landscape.On the negative side, environmental destruction is one problem that arises from international tourism. The construction of infrastructure and tourism facilities(including airports, roads, hotels and resorts)will destroy environmental resources. Another problem associated with tourism is that it can threaten the local culture. The arrival of tourists can disrupt the life of local people, who abandon their traditional livelihoods and start to work in the tourism industry. It is true that in many places, local people do not embrace tourism with open arms. Due to a lack of understanding of local customs, tourists might display some impolite or even offensive behavior, which can lead to local people’s unhappiness or hostility.In the light of these facts, we can come to the conclusion that tourism can help some countries reap economic benefits although these countries may have to accept social and environmental costs. These countries should promote culturally appropriate activities and require tourists to show respect for the local life, traditions and natural scenery.English has become a universal language. Do you think that the positive effects of this trend outweigh negative effects?Today, the role of english as a global language is indispensable/irreplaceable, but it is worth mentioning that the prevalence of english worldwide might has its negative effect. In my opinion, English’s dominance can be viewed in a positive light.It is unquestionable that the extensive use of english worldwide helps promote international cooperation, as language constitutes the biggest barrier to people’s communication in the global setting.For example, if a company’s financial statements are written in english, any investor who a good command of english ia able to read this company’s documents and understand this company’s operation, whether or not english is their first language. That’s why English has been identified／regarded/ recognised/acknowledged as the main language by many international conferences and academic groups and also by 80 per cent of websites in the world when presenting information. It would be no exaggeration to say that those who do not speak English find it difficult to survive in the global community. By contrast, people who have proficiency in two languages (English plus their native language) can easily find jobs, collect information and travel overseas.Despite the contribution of the language to globalisation, it is considered the culprit of the loss of language diversity. The idea lies in the fact that many english leaners, such as those who move to English-speaking countries, speak their native language less frequently. It should also be noted that English, as the favorite language for international media, conveys English-speaking countries’s lifestyles, values and beliefs to different parts of the world. It might affect the world’s cultural diversity. In spite of this, I am convinced that english is able to bridge the language gap and introduce minority cultures to the world, thereby protecting these cultures.In conclusion, English plays a vital role in communication and cooperation among people from different countries. Although some people suspect that english will endanger some minority languages, this claim is not supported with evidence. The reality is that english sometimes assists us protecting cultural heritage.Many countries spend a lot of money in art. Some people think investment in art is necessary, but others say money is better spent public services and facilities. discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Government sponsorship for arts is a controversial issue, especially when the state is confronted with budget problem. Those who object to public funds for arts believe that money should be diverted to the construction of public facilities. i am of the opinion that the government should take citizen’s benefits into consideration and adjust the spending on art or infrastructures accordingly.It is important to realize that art is an essential component of cultural legacy, so the protection and development of art has important implications to cultural diversity. In terms of painting, for example, styles, genres, tools and materials differ from culture to culture. if not well protected, an art form is likely to disappear and we would like live in a mundane world.Despite the importance of art, public facilities deserve more of government spending than art. Citizens are interested in the availability of public facilities, such as water and electricity supply, schools, libraries and roads, which have a direct impact on their daily lives. By contrast, for most people, sculptures, paintings, or operas are luxury items, which cannot bring any tangible benefit to them. Therefore, it is pointless to support the use of public funds for this purpose, if basic facilities are underfunded and ill-equipped to meet public needs.I personally think that the arts should get public money, because it boosts the appeal of the built environment, reflected in the diversity of architecture and landscaping. If we are exposed to visually attractive objects every day, we can enjoy peace of mind and feel an increased level of satisfaction with life. People will be less likely to commit violent or anti-social acts, and this is beneficial to community cohesion.In the light of the facts outlined above, government investment in the arts is essential to cultural diversity and the visual appeal of the built environment. However, in those countries whose infrastructure is inadequate, spending cuts on the arts are justifiable.Instead of asking the government to bear the high cost of higher education, students should pay tuition fees themselves. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?The government has long been the major funder of university education. Those people who support government spending on education think that some students do not enrol because of learning costs. My view is that students’ personal situations should be considered, before the government decides whether to offer free education.It is worth noting that university education is the key to closing/bridging the income gap. There are numerous students, especially those from low income families, who cannot afford educational expenses. For example, students who study law or medical science may spend years in the university, and in other words, university education is an expensive option for them. Because of financial constraints, people of low socio-economic status are at a disadvantage in terms of educational opportunities and career development. If the government provides free access to education, children from disadvantaged backgrounds can get into the college and find decent jobs in the future. this can close the social divide and create a prosperous country.Even though government sponsorship can inspire people to receive tertiary education, it can also cause the waste of public resources. Free education may be a reason why many students are reluctant to complete their courses and enter the workforce at the earliest date.It not only adds/imposes a burden on the country but also affects state funding for other sectors(e.g., primary and secondary education). Another problem is that, because of financial pressures, universities cannot upgrade facilities and recruit well-qualified lecturers, which can have a negative impact on students’ academic achievement.To summarize, the government should provide financial support according to students’ needs to ensure that they have access to education. However, tuition fees are applicable to most students, especially those from middle to high income families, as it helps maintain the quality of tertiary education.Some people say that the government should ensure that people lead a healthy life, while others believe that individuals should have their own choices. Discuss both views and give your opinion.Leading a healthy lifestyle is important because it is closely correlated with one’s dignity and wellbeing. It is suggested that people are unlikely to adopt healthy lifestyles, unless the government takes some actions. My view is that the lifestyle should be decided by people themselves, despite the importance of the government guidance and intervention. It is reasonable to think argue that if people can choose their lifestyles freely, it reflects the respect for basic human rights. People who are obsessed with how to comply with government regulations will live under tremendous pressure. Although people are encouraged to eat vegetables and adopt a balanced diet, it does not mean that laws should specify the proportion of vegetables in diet. It not only poses a threat to their health, but also causes their resentment against the government.On the other hand, it is important for the government to impose restrictions on some habits, especially those that are wildly believed to be damaging. This is due to the fact that most people have difficulty in disciplining themselves and cannot refrain from some unhealthy habits. For example, it is common knowledge smoking is harmful to people’s health but many people have problems ceasing smoking. The consequence is that their behavior not only damages their own health but also has an adverse effect on others. Their reliance on medical care leads to overconsumption of resources and a higher demand for the use of tax payer’s money; this is unfair to those who follow healthy habits. Overall, i believe that one’s freedom to choose lifestyles should be protected provided that is does not interfere with other people.The primary role of the government is to provide information rather than to regulare citizens’ behavior.The society is based on rules and laws. The society would not function well if individuals were free to do whatever they want. To want extend do you agree or disagree?Laws refer to the rules imposed on human beings. Although the law is important in regulating people’s behavior, many people argue that it restricts individual’s freedom. I think that it is necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of the functions of law in society and its demerits.It is an undeniable fact that the law informs citizens of the rules that are recognized by the whole society. The essential point of formulating laws is that laws can prevent one from engaging in actions that are harmful to other people. Anybody who fails to comply with laws will be punished, so the law helps establish a harmonious society. For example, people may commit robberies and murders because of jealousy, greed and hatred. If these actions were accepted/permitted on the grounds of personal choice, it would be detrimental to other people’s interest. It is also true that many ethical standards, such as those standards that emphasize honesty, loyalty, and compassion, enhance/ improve/ increase social cohesion.Nevertheless, laws sometimes inevitably infringe upon human’s freedom and even hamper/hinder/obstruct social development. For instance，if one country has many restrictions on the business world, the business activity will not be active/brisk. High income earners who subject to high income tax rates may lack motivation to maker greater efforts to increase their income. It is also true that in a society where personal freedoms, such as the freedom of speech, are limited, it is impossible to have different voices heard and solve problems efficiently.It is reasonable to conclude that the society cannot operate well without laws and rules. Even though the law does not allow people to act at will, the main purpose is to create a society where people can live in harmony.Economic progress is one way to measure the success of one country, while some people think that there are other factors. What other factors should be considered? Among these factors, do you think that any factor is more important than the others?The rapid growth of emerging economies has fueled the controversy over how to define successful countries. Regarding the distinguishing features of successful countries, people might have some shared opinions but they do not reach any agreement. I think that besides economic development, other factors should be taken into consideration. Firstly, social welfare is a significant factor, which has relevance to people’s satisfaction with life. There is ample evidence that in many in many countries, poor people do not benefit from economic growth,which is reflected in the widening gap between haves and have-nots. National wealth is not distributed evenly, and the health service and the education are underfunded. Because of the ever-increase cost of living, people are not satisfied with their living standards, while the escalating class conflict can threaten social cohesion. It is also important to realise that the economic progress of some countries is achieved at environment’s expense. Industrialization leads to the exploitation of natural resources, destroying the environment and causing severe pollution.Considering these factors, economic growth should not be regarded as the main criterion for measuring a country’s success. There is a growing recognition that a successful country should ensure the fair distribution of wealth so citizens’ needs can be satisfied. People are able to acquire necessities such as food, housing, education, medical care and so forth at affordable prices. In deciding whether a country is liveable, it is also important to consider air quality, access to clean water, waste disposal, sewage management and transport infrastructures. In addition, we must take into account the issue of whether or not the economic development is sustainable, namely, whether the country can conserve resources for future generations.In brief, it is premature to equate wealth with success. Living standards and sustainable development are among those factors that can be taken into consideration when a country’s success is evaluated.Some people believe that they should be able to keep all the money they earn and should not pay any tax to the state. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Tax has long been a disputable issue, especially when people struggle with economic uncertainties and higher costs of living. Some people might complain that tax is a heavy burden especially when it undermines their buying power significantly. I am of the opinion that we are beneficiaries rather than victimes of taxation.The reasons for levying tax are manifold. With tax revenues, the government can pump money in public facilities, including roads, dams, ports, bridges and airports, which are essential to the public well-being. The public sector, which is normally state-funded, also plays an integral role in services such as waste management, sewage treatment and public transport while private enterprises are not likely to deliver thees services at low cost.Public security is another benefit that people can obtain from tax-paying. The expenses of law enforcement, fire department and national defence all have been paid by the taxes imposed on taxpayers. We should also recognise that the government can achieve the gaol of income redistribution and bridge the gap between rich and poor by taxation. For example, in many countries, the high income group needs to pay high tax, while the low income group can get assistance from the government.Taxation is also one of the important approaches to intervene in the economy.For instance, when one country’s economy experiences a downturn, the government needs to reduce the tax to encourage public consumption and business investment. In contrast, the government may levy higher taxes to curb consumption in order to avoid economic overheating.Another function of tax collection is to regulate citizens’ behavior. One example is that the heavy tax on cigarette and alcohol discourages people from spending on these items and from developing unhealthy habits.I am convinced that nobody would perceive tax as a burden which does not create any benefit, if he or she has a comprehensive understanding of taxation. The truth is that without tax revenues, the country would not function well while many public services are no longer widely available.。

There are arguments that the government should take responsibility for the university fee rather than students enrolled in a college bear this cost. I think there will be many problems if governments do this.Receiving a university education is crucial for the young generation these days, with the benefit that they can find a job easily. Some people support that governments should increase the investment of college education because some students are able to attend university due to the high tuition fee. My personal view is that most students should bear the cost on their own, and those who come from underdeveloped areas can receive financial assistance from our governments.One problem is that other social services like health care and transport will be underfunded if governments pour more money into university education. Although it is essential to support higher education, other public services also need to develop, especially those that can not depend on personal efforts to improve. By contrast, the cost of high education can be affordable for most families.Students will emphasize education opportunity if they need to pay for the costs of it, and they will be more hardworking. They know the costs of education are so high that they will complete all assignments, do their best to pass exams and gain the qualification on time. If governments take over this responsibility, some students may not value it and will not pass exams.Another problem is that students may not put emphasis on their studies if they don’t realize what they need to pay for this opportunity. With the pressure from the education fee, they may work hard and be very grateful for their parents. If they can afford this expenditure very easily, they may not value it.On the other hand, the government should bear the cost of higher education for those students who come from underdeveloped regions. For these students, they and their families have not abilities to afford the fee of higher education, even though they are very hardworking and passionate about studying. In this case, those people who get funded by governments will be very grateful for our society and return it.To sum up, there is no need for governments to bear the cost of university fees for students, except for some individual cases.To sum up, the government should provide financial support according to st udents’ ne ed to ensure that they have access to education. Students from deprived backgrounds should be exempt from tuition fees, while the abolition of tuition for all students is not realistic.。

III 上课的核心概念1 关于ABC （非常重要）ABC 是简单的一个逻辑次序：A 一般是个动作或者行为，B 是这个行为产生的结果，C是B 的结果。

假如题目是：The government should require people to lead a healthy lifestyle. To what extent do you a gree or disagree?题目大意：政府应该要人们过健康的生活。

同意还是不同意？这个题目是确定A：政府要人们过健康的生活如果你支持，那么你需要想一个优点：A 政府要人们过健康的生活B 人们多运动，会减少疾病C 有利于提高生产力和对国家做贡献如果你反对，那么你需要想一个缺点：A 政府要人们过健康的生活B 人们觉得自己不能随心所欲生活C 不开心，没有满足感我们有时候把ABC 说成是ARE：Action-→result--→end result ABC 常见的误解：误解1： B 和C 是 A 的解释。

或者 C 是 A 和B 的一个总结。

答：不是的。

A 是一个动作或者行为，B 是A 产生的结果， C 是 B 的结果。

误解2：ABC 各写一句话。

答：不是的。

有时候 A 和B 可以写成一句话，C 一句话。

ABC 只是一个思路，帮助学生思考事情的因果关系，在考场上不是杂乱无章，仅此而已。

当ABC 写到段落里的时候，A 和B 可以写到一句，作为中心句，第二句话是C。

也可能 A 本身是中心句，B 和C 写到第二句。

还有其他可能，只要顺序是ABC 的顺序就可以。

误解3：ABC 要写的很详细。

答：不是的，考场上没有那么多时间，ABC 简单为主，控制在15 字以下。

ABC 不是将你大脑里所有的中文都写出来。

恰恰相反，ABC 是让你在大脑的信息里找出一个简单的因果关系，帮助你理清思路。

7ABC 常见的Q&AQ1：一个段落如果写了ABC 之后，字数不够，可不可以加观点。

A：可以。

中学组织志愿活动利大于弊。

同意多少这个观点观点：同意志愿活动可以丰富学生的课余生活，增进同学之间感情。

培养他们的责任意识。

过多的志愿活动会占用学习时间，可能会影响学生的成绩。

志愿活动为下一代培养更好的社会责任心和共情能力，但应该限制时间，不要过多。

Volunteer work has been promoted in many middle schools, and even been regarded as a requirement for graduation. However, no matter schools or students involved should fully consider its advantages and backward when practice volunteer work.There is no doubt that students can improve their qualities by participating in volunteer work. They may be confronted with many problems and challenges that are rare in school life when they provide communities with free services. For instance, students should figure out how to communicate with donators, organize events, and cooperate with peers if they help charity companies raise money. All these challenging could boost their confidence and improve their problem-solving abilities.At the same time, young generations can also increase their responsibility for societies and find enjoyment in serving the community. They may know how their work can help others who struggle with some difficulties and gain a sense of achievement, which enables them to get a deep understanding of some social values like justify and fair. Furthermore, people who gain help from volunteer work may return to society.Although volunteer work has many visible benefits, we cannot rule out the possibility that unpaid work can lead to a wasteful use of volunteers’ time and energy if not well-organised. When this happens, volunteer work may become bored and hard rather than interesting and educational, and volunteers may lose their interest due to that they cannot discover the meaning of their volunteer work. Furthermore, intensive volunteer work may reduce students’ academic time and may influence their academic performance.To sum up, my view is that volunteer work is important to improve students’ abilities and job prospects. However, workloads of volunteering need to be carefully determined.。

Some people argue that those advertisements aimed at children should be removed from screen because children intend to mimic behaviors and performances without careful thinking if there is no supervision from parents. However, I'm not at all convinced that all advertisements aimed at our next generations should be prohibited, although the risk of adverse impacts can not be totally gotten rid.Many children are exposed to a large number of advertisements in the modern world. These advertisements have encouraged them to buy many snacks, toys and video games.One reason is that lots of advertisements aimed at children can be very useful for our parents to determine what kind of items to buy. Those advertisements provide parents more information for learning effects, functions, and prices of different branches. Then, they may be able to make well-informed decisions. If there are no advertisements aimed at children, they will be confused when they want to buy something for their children, such as milk powder.It is understandable why some citizens propose to ban advertisements aimed at children. People at their early ages are inquisitive about everything that they watched on TV. Without logical thinking, some information from advertisements will be misunderstood, and children may simulate some dangerous but attractive behaviors and hurt themselves.For this concern, those commercial advertisements which may misguide children should be restricted with no hesitation, while other advertisements which can be useful and educational should not be banned. That means our governments have to pay more attention to regulate and control the content of advertisements aimed at children rather than restrict all access to them. To sum up, advertisements should not be banned without careful considerations and selections, although some of them may have an adverse impact on children.。

顾家北最新雅思写作课程5篇第一篇：顾家北最新雅思写作课程技巧班F71446ECE401A35DFD5818FE5C7CB71C5FE09B25F0CAD80F26 教主1.23听力预测班链接:老龚1.24阅读预测班链接:码: pi2t顾家北0106精品班链接:码: xpsk我预测梅晗12.1期雅思词汇速记班（词霸营）：链接:顾12月链接:顾家北施正南Frank 结构乐静阅读强化班钱多多frank黄瀚生9月口语预测班王陆8.18期听力高分班链刘洪波阅读高分真经班链密码:wjtp李慧芳听力资料杂2个链接雅思网资料下载链接和密码第二篇：Shrhqa雅思写作课程教案Time will pierce the surface or youth, will be on the beautyof the ditch dug a shallow groove;Jane will eat rare!A born beauty, anything to escape his sickle sweep.--ShakespeareIELTS Writing雅思写作课程教案Foreign Language Teaching and Research DepartmentHeilongjiang University第三篇：雅思写作School teachers used to be the source of information.However，some people argue that teachers are not as important as before because there is an increasing variety of information resources.What is your opinion?(08年4月24日考题)要对上面的句子进行重新描述，最简单的就是用同义词替换，请看下表：Know: recognizecomprehendgraspunderstandrealize 3.使用短语进行替换Some say that building more roads will help reduce the traffic congestion in big cities.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this.Do you support or oppose this statement? 在这一段话里，可以替换的短语如下所示:英特网对我们的日常生活带来很大的影响。

Theoretical knowledge acquired in one’s university plays an essential role when they enter the workforce, enabling their career prospects sometimes, although some people may not get an insight in to its function and may attribute their achievements to themselves’ qualities.People always argue about how much theoretical knowledge can at tribute to one’s career success. This is understandable because a considerable number of people succeed in their careers have not completed their university education. In my view, I support that what we learned in university is crucial to our achievements in career.As we all know, all kinds of success depend on a flexible and smart deployment of professional knowledge. This knowledge is a base stone of what they want to do in the future, because this era focuses on the knowledge economy. Without profound theoretical knowledge, there will be no such innovations in many sections of our society. For instance, one may not be likely to be very successful in business if he did not get any courses in marketing and managing at his university.Through theory learning, people can get an insight into the principles and concepts of a subject, and therefore become an expert in this field. For instance, a psychologist can not be sure to treat a patient effectively unless he or she has learned about essential theories explaining psychologist diseases. Many theories are based on practical experience, thus having practical sense. People mastered these theories may have a better career prospect and even gain fortune by innovating old theories.In addition, theoretical knowledge taught in university is also systematic, enabling the young generation to develop logical and analytic thinking, which is crucial when they enter society. With this thinking habit, they can calm down and seek for a positive way to solve problems when they face challenges.Another benefit of learning theories is that people can improve their problem-solving ability and innovation ability. That because theories are always systematic, which enables college students to develop analytic thinking and prompt development of knowledge using different theories. By contrast, those who have not enrolled in a college may not be able to tackle irregular problems, although they can handle some simple problems through training.However, the critical effect of one’s personality on their career success can not be ignored. That explains why some people can gain more achievements than their classmates who learn the same theoretical knowledge in classes. Some essential qualit ies which develop mostly at one’s early age, such as patience, absorbing knowledge, and diligence, are also determined factors for their fulfillment in their careers.However, we also need to admit a fact that theory knowledge is not the only factor to on e’s success.To sum up, theoretical knowledge is crucial to one’s success, although it is not the whole story.。

其他作业班主任 9月11号星期二 08:45小绿书全文翻译7-法律和社会小绿书5.0版全文翻译7：法律和社会以下词伙源自《手把手教你雅思写作剑12版》的全文翻译7。

文章在110页。

读者在中翻英的过程中，记住先想词伙，在想句型，然后写出句子。

题目The society is based on rules and laws, The society would not function well if individuals were free to do whatever they want,To what extent do you agree or disagree?第1句词伙提示impose rules on,第2句词伙提示play an important role in,regulate one’s behaviour,strict laws,restrict one’s freedom,第3句词伙提示in chaos,the economy collapses,第4句词伙提示obey traffic regulations,traffic accidents/road accidents,traffic congestion/traffic jams,第5句词伙提示fake products/counterfeit goods,shopping on the internet/shopping online,suffer economically/economy suffers,第6句词伙提示follow moral principles/the code of ethics,conform to social norms/societal norms,develop a relationship/form strong bonds,第7句词伙提示be motivated by self-interest,be harmful to others/do something harmful to others/hurt others,第8句词伙提示betray the trust of friends,work together/cooperate with,social cohesion,be under threat,第9句词伙提示fulfill one’s promises/keep one’s words/abide by one’s words, conduct business,reduce productivity,第10句词伙提示restrain one’s freedom,hamper/hinder/obstruct social progres,第11句词伙提示have restrictions on,the business world,the business activity,第12句词伙提示high income earners,be subject to,high income tax rates,lack motivation to/lack enthusiasm,make greater efforts to,increase one’s income/earnings,第13句词伙提示relax regulations/rules,foster innovations,第14句词伙提示operate well without laws and rules,第15句词伙提示act at will/act freely/do anything as they please,create a society,live in harmony,Q: 句3，If no law regulated people's behavior, a country would be in chaos and the economy would collapse. 请问老师，这里的regulated 以及would 为何要用过去时，而不是regulate 和will？这是虚拟语气，因为世界上没有国家是没有法律的。

小绿书5.0版全文翻译22：工作稳定以下词伙源自《手把手教你雅思写作剑12版》的全文翻译22（222页）。

读者在中翻英的过程中，记住先想词伙，在想句型，然后写出句子。

题目：Today, people do not always work for the same jobs, why does it happen and how do people prepare for job insecurity?句1 词伙提示：in this rapidly changing world/fast-changing world，have a permanent job/stay in the same job forever句2 词伙提示：be dismissed/laid off，take action to，cope with，job security句3 词伙提示：unpredictable factors，the business world，go bankrupt/go out of business句4 词伙提示：in times of economic recession/in tough economic times，lay off some employees/cut jobs，reduce the running cost，lose their jobs句5 词伙提示：upgrade their skills，meet the requirements of their employers句6 词伙提示：lose employment，the newest generation of software/latest software，keep pace with，the changes in the workplace句7 词伙提示：a varied career，switch jobs，from time to time/every now and then句8 词伙提示：discover talents/where their talents lie，fulfill sb’s potential/reach potential句9 词伙提示：improve skills，increase earnings/earn a higher salary句10 词伙提示：work for start-ups，be trusted with more responsibilities句11 词伙提示：the uncertainty about job prospects，working adults/people in the workforce句12 词伙提示：sharpen our skills，receive education，adapt to an ever-changing world/constantly changing world.句13 词伙提示：acquire/learn a second language，in a globalised world句14 词伙提示：cope with all financial matters/endure economic hardships句15 词伙提示：sufficient savings，run their own businesses/set up their own businesses，put ideas into practice/turn vision into reality句16 词伙提示：the turbulent business environment，unstoppable technological progress，the unpredictability of the job market句17 词伙提示：solutions to problems，job training，sound financial planning。

顾家北雅思作文范文1216第二次课ABCSome people think that by paying taxes they have made enough contribution to their society, others think there are more responsibilities than paying taxes. Discuss both views and give your opinion.A 公民交税B. 税收（tax revenue）可以资助核心服务（essential services）C. 政府可以运转(keep government operating)，有助于社会稳定（social stability）A人们做志愿(work without being paid) 者B用爱心(loving nature)帮助别人C建立起分享的文化（an ethos of sharing），促进社会和谐（social solidarity）A：人民应该关注环境的影响（environmental cost）B：节约能源(conserve energy)，减少污染（alleviate pollution）C：为下一代(for future generations) 保护生态环境(preserve the ecosystem) It is argued that taxpayers have contributed to the country through the tax system, so it is not necessary for them to assume other responsibilities in society.I disagree with this idea.If all citizens pay taxes, governments will have tax revenues that can fund some essential services. For example, the medical service can help heal the sick and ensure that all people can maintain health, while the law enforcement system can bring criminals to justice. Therefore, taxpayers’ contribution can help keep governments operating effectivelly, which is beneficial to social stability.On the other hand, the alternative view is that citizens can also participate in volunteer work, and help those needy peoplewith loving nature. These volunteers can work in nursing homes to take care of the elderly, or donate money to charities which look after the homeless. As everybody fulfills these responsibilities, it can help create an ethos of sharing and improve social solidarity.In my opinion, taxpayers should also pay closer attention to the environmental cost of their lifestyle and make an efforto preserve the ecosystem for future generations. Motorists, for instance, turn to public transport to conserve energy and alleviate pollution, which have environmental benefits. In contrast, if taxpayers focused solely on taxpaying responsibilities and did not realise their environmental responsibility, their habits might cause damage to the environment.To summarise, it is my personal view that apart from paying taxes, individuals should also give importance to other responsibilities.。

1.这些图表展示了关于是什么影响了英国学生选择大学的发现。

2.在两个年份，合适的课程和学位的有效性是最重要的考虑因素，尽管选择这个因素的学生比例从40%下降到了34%。

3.他们也很关注学校的名誉，对比1982年仅有的5%，2002年有剩下部分的三分一学生都对此高度评价。

4.重视便利设施和运动设备的使用的学生比例从5%到2002年大于三倍的18%，同年这个因素也成为了选择大学第三常见的原因。

5.地址也是一个重要的考虑因素，关注这个因素的学生比例并没有太大的变化，1982年是19%，2002年是16%。

6.对比之下，关注教育费用的学生比例，从28%到5%，有极大的下降。

7.录取标准这个最少频率提到的因素，在这些年分别仅仅被2%到3%的学生选到。

8.总的来说，对英国的学生而言，名誉和设施变为越来越重要的考虑因素，而费用则很少被关注。

1.这些图表比较了这两个国家在1980年和2000年不同能源产生的电力数量。

2.煤炭，澳大利亚主要的能源资源，单位产电在2000年翻倍有多到了130。

但这种能源在法国少很多进口/使用，在这两个年份都生产只有25的单位电力。

3.核能是突出的能源资源在法国，它的数据在2000年上升了8倍多至126个单位，但澳大利亚并没有这种能源。

4.澳大利亚水能产生电力的数量也明显地上升了，从20到36个单位。

但这种燃料在法国也不怎么重要，在2000年只是生产2个单位的电力。

5.在两个国家中，天然气的数据都下降到了2个单位。

6.石油产电的比例在两个国家中同样也可看出不一样的趋势：在法国轻微地上升到25个单位但在澳大利亚大幅地下降到2个单位。

7.总的来说，澳大利亚和法国依赖于不同的燃料。

虽然煤炭和水能在澳大利亚很重要，核能却占据了法国的能源部门。

1.这个饼图展示了关于世界土地退化的原因的信息，表格显示了世界的3个地区是如何被这个问题影响的。

2.过度放牧是世界土地退化的首要原因，大约世界上35%的土地因此退化。

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4。

2老龄化社会Life expectancyPersonal wealthContribute extraordinarily to societyDemographic change人口变化An aging populationHealth care costImpose a burden on taxpayerMedical needsIn the last years of lifeEssential serviceFinancial supportSlow pace of workSenior workersA conservative attitude towardsAdopt cutting-edge technology(前沿科技)Delay retirementProductivityBe a valuable asset to societyImpart their knowledge and skills(传授他们的知识技巧）Draw upon the expertise of older people（借鉴专业知识）Considerable extension of life expectancy寿命的急剧延长2。

4.3看电视学习Informative televisionMethod of learningAudio—visual informationEngage their interestsEducational valueIncreasing screen timeInterfere with children’s studiesGet distractedInteractive activitiesPromote brain developmentSit in front of a screenSuffer obesity ， poor eyesight and fatigue Expose children to a world of knowledge Cope with the demand ofEducational programmesHistorical eventsAcquire foreign languageImprove their academic performance2。

顾家北雅思作文汇总顾家北 0813精品班作文大作文Many people think it is very important to protect the environment but they make no effort to do it themselves. Why do you think it is the case? What actions can be done to ensure that individuals protect the environment?顾家北Environmental problems have threatened the world but few people have chosen to take any action to deal with these problems, although they realise the impact of these environmental woes on their lives. We should implement some changes to improve the situation.Many people spend money wisely, so they are not willing to purchase environmentally friendly products, de spite the fact that these products can help preserve the environment. These products are normally more expensive than conventional counterparts. For example, LED lighting devices are energy efficient, but normally charge consumers a higher price than traditional light bulbs. Electric cars are normally likely to cost more money than those vehicles powered by petrol. As consumers do not opt for these green products, it is not easy to conserve resources and reduce pollution.Another reason is that many people are not willing to change their ways of life, even though these lifestyles can be harmful to the environment.The use of electrical equipment has led to a sharp rise in electricity consumption, which means that the power generation sector has a higher demand for fossil fuels. People also prefer totravel by car, but car emissions can cause global warming, which is a threat to the environment. The reliance on different electronic products including mobile phones is another issue, since many of these products end up in landfill sites.These problems can be tackled by two policies. Governments can enact laws to forbid those behaviours which can cause damage to the environment, such as disposing of waste carelessly. Those who drop litter should be fined, so the environmental impact of this behaviour can be reduced. Another solution is to offer subsidies to encourage people to go green. For example, those consumers who buy fuel efficient cars can be subsidised, so car emissions can be reduced significantly.Currently, more and more people are aware of the importance of environmental protection but the public never give priority to protect environment during their daily life.One reason accounts for the phenomenon is that people live carefully without spending their money on environmental products. Households livewith a tight budget are not willing to spend their money these products, whose prices are higher than other similar goods. For instance, LED lights are energy saving, but they are more expensive than incandescent bulbs. Similarly, prices of electric vehicles are higher than those of traditional vehicles averagely. For the sake of money, people quit buying green products and this is contrary to our purpose of environmental protection.Another reason can be that people are not willing to change their living styles, which need to consume various kinds of energy. For example, electronic appliances consume electricity while driving consumes petrol. Especially those who are fond of plenty of materials consume more.Personally, the government are supposed to establish relevant laws to ban citizens from doing detrimental behaviours to environment. Punishments are imperative for those who littered. On the other hand, it is also imperative for the government to give subsidies to encourage environmental protection. Some countries, such as China, provide subsidies for those who purchasing vehicles under 1.6L.All in all, only through the joint efforts of government and individuals can we live in a sustainable environment.Currently, a large proportion of children are exposed to an ocean of commercial advertisements day to day. I am on the side that the ads, which purposely incite kids to buy snacks, toys and electronic games, should be limited or even, banned.Suppose that ads aim to kids were rectified, children will not request their parents to buy what they want day in and day out. Kids lack sensitivity to price, nevertheless, parents tend to satisfy their material needs. For instance, some children like expensive toys and girls are in favor of clothes. This will bring a heavy burden for the middle-class families. Only by minimize the impact of ads on kids can the problem be avoided.Children may have eccentric behaviours and bad living habits due to the ads. Some kids are fans of fast food, since they see ads of it every day. Others are in bad temper, due to the violent games they play daily. The predominance o f games is also resulted from merchants’ propaganda. All these problems will influence the healthy growth process of kids both physically and mentally.However, we cannot deny that some ads do have their advantages to kids. Some advertisements promote nutrient food, such as milk, wheat, etc. Meanwhile, some advertise books,games and educational toys. Parents, who are not familiar with these products, can have a comprehensive verdict according to advertisements.In a nutshell, I strongly suggest the government ban ads whose target consumers are kids, especially if their products are harmful to children. But if the products the advertisements focus on are beneficial, then the ads should be allowed.小作文第一篇The table illustrates the proportion of people who are laid off in Poland, Denmark, Germany, Italy and Hungary. The two colons are the figures of young people (aged from 15-24) and all citizens respectively.The highest unemployment rate for young goes to Poland, which reaches 37% and is twice more than the rate of its overall rate 15%. Coming next is Italy. The proportion of its young citizens who are out of work is 23% and its unemployment of whole country comes to top at 18%. Hungary shows mediocre rates of 21% and 17%. And German figures are 4% and 3% lower than Denmark respectively. Denmark keeps both figures lowest, with the unemployment rate for 15-24 age group 8% and for overall only 3%.All of the five countries show 3~5% rates lower of overall unemployment than those of the young, except Poland which has the largest gap between the two figures.第二篇The bar charts provide us information about how families in an Asian country spent their money in 1998 and 2008.A glance at the charts tells that expenditure on different goods in 2008 overweighed that in 1998 except that spent onclothes. People gave much more priority to spiritual enjoyment which lead to a huge increase of expenditure on holiday, eating out, reading (newspapers and magazines) and going to cinema, rising from 8% to 15%, 6% to 15%,3% to 8% and 3%to 5% respectively. The costs for electronic goods also increased from 12% to14% during the decade.The only difference is expenditure on clothes which was totally opposite to the mainstream. The proportion of it was 10% in 1998; however it dropped to half of its original rates in 2008.All in all, the past 10 years witnessed a huge change of the expenditure on various of aspects for households.第三篇The charts tell the proportion of different categories of house people live in three parts of Australia in 2001 and 2006.In 2001, Victoria had 76% residents in house, 12% in semi-detached house, 11%in apartments and the rest in other types. In NSW, house also accounted for the largest part of 66%, with 10% and 13% in duplex and flat respectively. And more people lived in other kinds. Tasmania had largest proportion of house living population, which reaches 88%.Five years later, the rates for house all dropped 2% in the three regions. As for semi-detached house, Victoria, NSW and Tasmania saw 1% increase, 1percent decrease and stability respectively. The figures of flat all had a slightly increase. And for the rest unmentioned types, they remained the same at 1% except NSW rose from 11% to 12%.The table compares five European countries in terms of the proportions of unemployed people as well as the figures for those young people out of work.Poland had the highest youth unemployment rate at 37%,nearly five times the level in Denmark. The levels of unemployment for young people were similar in other countries, with the highest seen in Italy 23% and the lowest in Germany at 17%.It is clear from the table that in all these countries, the unemployment rate for the younger generation was higher than the overall unemployment figures. Interestingly, Poland, Germany, Italy and Hungary had similar unemployment rates, ranging between 15% and 18%. The figure for Denmark was significantly lower at 3%.Overall, youth unemployment was more serious in Poland than in other countries. Denmark had the lowest figures for both youth unemployment and overall unemployment, while other countries had similar figures for these problems.流程图写作The chart illustrates how to use cocoa beans to produce several food items for customers.Firstly, whole beans are carefully picking before drying in the shell. Then they are pressed into cocoa liquor, which is the main material ofthe second stage. Then cocoa liquor is further pressed until it becomes a coca cake, which is directly sent to industry to make cakes and drinks or is sold to the consumer after grinded into cocoa powder. The cocoa liquor can also convert into cocoa and then be sent to relevant industry. Cocoa liquor, after further refining, mix with cocoa and sugar turns to industry chocolate. Finished chocolate products will be put on the shell, before the final process.All in all, cocoa beans can be used to produce cocoa powder, chocolate products and ingredients for relevant industry throughthree simple stages starting from pre-processing raw material to final packaging for sell.顾家北The whole beans are picked at the first stage with shells removed, and then dried and pressed until cocoa liquor is created. This marks the start of the second stage, which involves three processes. The cocoa liquor can be used to make coca cakes in the first option. Another choice is the manufacture of cocoa, while cocoa liquor is refined in the third process to produce industrial chocolate.In the final stage, these materials are processed further to create different end products for either corporate clients or ordinary consumers.Coca cakes are ground into cocoa powder for individual consumers, or directly delivered to catering businesses which provide drinks and cakes. Cocoa in the second procedure mentioned earlier is also transported to these businesses. In contrast, the industrial chocolate is flavored with sugar, and finished chocolate products are subsequently available for consumers.第一篇The table provides us with data of the percentage of consumer expenditure on different items in five countries in 2002.The biggest number existed in Turkey, where people spent 32.14% of their income on food, drink and tobacco, almost five times the number of percentage spent on clothing (6.63%) and eight times the figure of percentage spent on spiritual enjoyment. Coming next is Ireland, whose percentage of national consumer expenditure of eating was 28.91%. Costs for clothing and footwear accounted for only 6.43%, three times the expenditureof leisure and education. Spain took the third place though the proportion of its national consumer expenditure was the lowest (1.98%). Expenditure of food items in Spain accounted for 18.8%, threefold the figure of its clothing spending. Italy and Sweden citizens had small percentages of income spent on food(16.36%，15.77%)，only about half thefigure of Turkey. However, their clothing costs (9%, 5.4%) and spiritual pay-outs (3.2%, 3.22%) were relatively high.In a nutshell, the percentages of national consumer expenditure by category in 2001 varied a lot among the five countries. But all shared some similarities, namely, largest proportion of expenditure on food, drink and tobacco and smallest percentage of leisure and education costs.第二篇The bar charts show the number of marriages and divorces in USA and marital status of American adults during the period of 1970 to 2000.The number of marriages remained at 2.5 million in 1970 and 1980, after which it had a slightly decrease to 2 million in 2000. The divorces number started form 1 million in 1970 and suddenly increased to almost 1.5 million during that decade. Then it dropped to nearly 1 million in 1980 and finally reached to its start （1 million）.The percentage of never married adults was 15% in 1970 and the figure inclined to 20% thirty years later. The proportions of both married and widowed adults saw drops during the three decades. Married adultsaccounted for 70% in 1970 while the figure was less than 60% in 2000. As for divorce rate, it had a significant rise form nearly 0% to almost 10%.All in all, the period from 1970 to 2000 witnessed a huge change of marriages and divorces in America. Both the total number and percentage of marriage decreased while the proportions of never married and divorced people saw an upward trend.流程图The two diagrams illustrate how to produce cement and how to use cement to produce concrete.Cement production is relatively complex and uses two materials. Firstly, limestone and clay are placed in the crusher, where these materials are crushed by the crusher. Then powder is mixed by the mixer, before being heated by the rotating heater. At the next stage, heated powder is sent to the grind, where it is grounded into cement. And finally cement is packed in the bags.Concrete production is relatively simple. 15% of cement, 10% of water, 25% of sand and 50% of gravel, namely small stones are mix in the concrete mixer, where they turned out to be concrete.All in all, cement production includes 5 stages and the outcome cement is one of the four raw materials of the concrete production.地图The maps show how an area changed during the period of 1780 to 2000. In 1780, there were 100 homes located on the north-eastern corner with woods to the south. A river crossed the area from south to north with four farms in the middle of the region.80 years later, the number of dwelling places doubled to 200, while the number of farms dropped by half and woods also shrank in size. A road was built in the north area, connecting the living place to the river. Another major change is that a bridgewas constructed over the river.In 2000, the number of homes suddenly increased to 500 and a newly built road, heading towards south replaced farm and woods area, which linked the dwelling places to the school and sports field in the south. Several shops opened to the right side of the downstream river with a wetland for birds to their south.Overall, this area saw an increase in constructions such as dwelling places, schools and facilities, although farmland and forests were removed for new buildings and transport infrastructure.大作文We live in cities or towns which have museums displaying historical and cultural importance, but people do not visit them. Why do you think peopledo not visit museums in their local areas？What is the importance of museums to society?顾家北Visiting museums is hardly a rewarding experience for many people, so they will not consider this option when they can spend leisure time on other activities. These museums do not organize new exhibitions that can keep up with the trends, or provide any form of entertainment like interactive games to attract the young audience. This is why a trip to a museum can hardly compete for attention with sports, picnics and parties. Another reason is that people can gather information about those artefacts on display on the Internet. They will increase knowledge about the stories behind and the cultural value of each item, without having to visiting the museum in person.Museums can encourage visitors’ int erest in their c ultural heritage and disseminate knowledge about a city o r a county’scultural assets. Some exhibitions may show ancient utensils used by previous generations, so people who attend these exhibitions may have a good idea of how traditional food was cooked. Some historical documents and paintings might show the architectural style which used to predominate, and many visitors might be impressed by the architectural achievements of their ancestors. With such knowledge, these visitors may make an effort to preserve some traditions and keep someold-fashioned cooking skills or building techniques alive.Museums have also been operating as a center of learning, where young people can keep up to date with the cutting-edge technology in different fields. The aviation museums, for example, give children a glimpse of the airline industry and even space travel, including spaceships and equipment supporting astronauts who explored the outer space. The museum of archeology can show them how some species have died out, and possibly inspire them to do research in biology and extend our knowledge of how to preserve our ecosystem. They could not make contributions to social progress, if they did not have access to such knowledge.Recently, an increasing number of people refused to pay a visit to museums in their local places. Personally, following reasons may account for the phenomenon.Some people reckon museums as boring places so that they are never willing to visit. For example, the historical and cultural importance displayed there has never changed and there is no entertainment, such as interactive games. All these tend to left people a boring feeling. In contrast, people prefer to join some interesting activities such as ball games, picnic and dining out. Another reason is that nowadays people learn history andacquire science knowledge through internet rather than go to library in person. Information of the exhibition's the historical value and story can be easily accessed on line.However, visiting museums play an important role in tradition inheriting. Ancient vessels provide us with traditional cooking methods while murals enable us to comprehend style of ancient architecture to some degree. It is advantageous for young people to pass on the culture if they have a good acknowledge of their own tradition by visiting museums.Additionally, museums offer us the most advanced science and technology, which is beneficial to the development of the society. The latest development of space and universe in our country can be acquired in space museums and the young can understand the reason of creature extinction through visiting archaeology museums. Museums can motivate the interests of the adolescents and the young will accelerates the development of society in the future.Overall, visiting museums is of great significance for both the individuals’ comprehending of culture and the development of our society.顾家北Visiting museums is hardly a rewarding experience for many people, so they will not consider this option when they can spend leisure time on other activities. These museums do not organise new exhibitions that can keep up with the trends, or provide any form of entertainment like interactive games to attract the young audience. This is why a trip to a museum can hardly compete for attention with sports, picnics and parties. Another reason is that people can gather information about those artefacts on display on the Internet. They will increase knowledge about the storiesbehind and the cultural value of each item, without having to visiting the museum in person.Museums can encourage visitors’ interest in their cultural heritage and disseminate knowledge about a city or a county’s cultural assets. Some exhibitions may show ancient utensils used by previous generations, so people who attend these exhibitions may have a good idea of how traditionalfood was cooked. Some historical documents and paintings might show the architectural style which used to predominate, and many visitors might be impressed by the architectural achievements of their ancestors. With such knowledge, these visitors may make an effort to preserve some traditions and keep some old-fashioned cooking skills or building techniques alive.Museums can also provide us with the latest technological advances, which is beneficial to the development of the society. For example, the aviation museums offer us latest knowledge of aeronautics while the archaeology museums help us comprehend the reason of extinction. This is why museums can not only motivate the interests of teenagers but also encourage them to study hard in a long run, which will accelerate the improvement of the society in the future. (Self-written paragraph) The aviation museums spaceships, shuttles, astronauts, explore the outer space,Some people think university education should provide students with skills of employment in the future while others believe that people should focus on academic study only. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.Some people think the increasing business and cultural contact between countries brings many positive effects. Others say it causes the loss of national identities. Discuss on both sidesand give your opinion. People rely more on foreign products and imitate traditions and culture of other countries, which lead to a hard way to pass on their own culture. For instance, too much reliance on the foreign cosmetics will surely shrink the demand of domestic market, which requires the local industry to downsize work force and thus traditional ways of making up will be abandoned. Additionally, those who ar e in favor of celebrating others’ festivals tend to give less priority to their own traditions. This will put the intangible culture heritage form our ancestors in a dangerous situation.Many countries spend a lot of money in art. Some people think investment in art is necessary, but others say money is better spent on public services and facilities. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.翻译练习1. 人们对政府赞助艺术（government sponsorship）有不同的看法，特别在国家遇到预算问题的时候。

第二节课Social skills are as important as（和....一样重要）good qualifications（学历、资格）of success in a job Do you agree or disagree？观点类题目Do you agree or disagree，确定A,C,或者AC都确定审题.....什么类型的题目题干 1.并列结构and, while，两个都要提到2.修饰词形容词，状语3.比较结构，最高级中心句观点只能讨论Social skills对职业成功的影响，qualifications只能出现对比。

Social skills为什么对职业成功很重要?Cultivate relationships1.培养人际关系提供知识和信息，资源，就更有可能成功2.提高效率开头段改写It is sometimes argued that social skills can play an equally important role in one’s career success compared with qualifications.Some people consider social skills to be as significant as significant as qualifications to one’s career achievementsThere are some people believing the social skills can be as valuable as qualifications in one’s career success.Importance of social skills has been sometimes considered to be the same as that of qualifications in one’s career.I agree with this view,although in some occupations,academic experiences can be the most important factor.主体部分A社交能力好B人脉广，或者很多信息C事业发展好背景：竞争激烈的社会，有好的信息和资源就意味着先人一步解释：容易和别人沟通，怎么相处利用信息把握机会举例对比：对比：没有人脉只有社会技能。

目录1。

遵守规则 (3)英文全文 (3)2 老年化 (5)英文全文 (5)3 儿童看电视 (7)英文全文 (7)4 即抛文化 (9)英文全文 (9)5 城乡迁徙 (11)英文全文 (11)6 廉价航空 (13)英文全文 (13)7 规则法律 (15)英文全文 (15)8 远程教育 (17)英文全文 (17)9 税收 (18)英文全文 (18)10 学校道德教育 (20)英文全文 (20)11 艺术投资 (22)英文全文 (22)12 志愿工作 (24)英文全文 (24)13 刑罚 (26)英文全文 (26)14 离家居住 (28)英文全文 (28)15 快餐 (30)英文全文 (30)16 大学知识 (32)英文全文 (32)17 大学学费 (34)英文全文 (34)18 禁止广告 (36)英文全文 (36)19 商品进口 (39)英文全文 (39)20 全球语言 (41)英文全文 (41)21 政府指导健康生活 (43)英文全文 (43)22 换工作 (45)英文全文 (45)1。

遵守规则全文翻译1：遵守规则论述类题目写作要点Some people think that children should obey the rules or do what their parents and teachers want them to do。

Other people think children controlled too much cannot deal with problem themselves in adulthood。

Discuss both views and state your own opinion.孩子们要在家里或学校遵守不同的规定.严格的纪律有时很重要，但我认为这会对孩子的问题解决能力产生不利的影响。

有些人坚决主张强加规则，因为规则可以让孩子对自己的行为负责，帮助他们从小就发展良好的行为模式。