安全工程专业文献翻译

外⽂参考⽂献翻译-中⽂基于4G LTE技术的⾼速铁路移动通信系统KS Solanki教授，Kratika ChouhanUjjain⼯程学院，印度Madhya Pradesh的Ujjain摘要：随着时间发展，⾼速铁路（HSR）要求可靠的，安全的列车运⾏和乘客通信。

为了实现这个⽬标，HSR的系统需要更⾼的带宽和更短的响应时间，⽽且HSR的旧技术需要进⾏发展，开发新技术，改进现有的架构和控制成本。

为了满⾜这⼀要求，HSR采⽤了GSM的演进GSM-R技术，但它并不能满⾜客户的需求。

因此采⽤了新技术LTE-R，它提供了更⾼的带宽，并且在⾼速下提供了更⾼的客户满意度。

本⽂介绍了LTE-R，给出GSM-R与LTE-R之间的⽐较结果，并描述了在⾼速下哪种铁路移动通信系统更好。

关键词：⾼速铁路，LTE，GSM，通信和信令系统⼀介绍⾼速铁路需要提⾼对移动通信系统的要求。

随着这种改进，其⽹络架构和硬件设备必须适应⾼达500公⾥/⼩时的列车速度。

HSR还需要快速切换功能。

因此，为了解决这些问题，HSR 需要⼀种名为LTE-R的新技术，基于LTE-R的HSR提供⾼数据传输速率，更⾼带宽和低延迟。

LTE-R能够处理⽇益增长的业务量，确保乘客安全并提供实时多媒体信息。

随着列车速度的不断提⾼，可靠的宽带通信系统对于⾼铁移动通信⾄关重要。

HSR的应⽤服务质量（QOS）测量，包括如数据速率，误码率（BER）和传输延迟。

为了实现HSR的运营需求，需要⼀个能够与 LTE保持⼀致的能⼒的新系统，提供新的业务，但仍能够与GSM-R长时间共存。

HSR系统选择合适的⽆线通信系统时，需要考虑性能，服务，属性，频段和⼯业⽀持等问题。

4G LTE系统与第三代（3G）系统相⽐，它具有简单的扁平架构，⾼数据速率和低延迟。

在LTE的性能和成熟度⽔平上，LTE- railway（LTE-R）将可能成为下⼀代HSR通信系统。

⼆ LTE-R系统描述考虑LTE-R的频率和频谱使⽤，对为⾼速铁路（HSR）通信提供更⾼效的数据传输⾮常重要。

外文文献：This analysis used a case study methodology to analyze the issues surrounding the partial collapse of the roof of a building housing the headquarters of the Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ). In particular, it examined the prior roles played by the team of construction professionals. The analysis revealed that the SAZ’s traditional construction project was generally characterized by high risk. There was a clear indication of the failure of a contractor and architects in preventing and/or mitigating potential construction problems as alleged by the plaintiff. It was reasonable to conclude that between them the defects should have been detected earlier and rectified in good time before the partial roof failure. It appeared justified for the plaintiff to have brought a negligence claim against both the contractor and the architects. The risk analysis facilitated, through its multi-dimensional approach to a critical examination of a construction problem, the identification of an effective risk management strategy for future construction prject and riskThe structural design of the reinforced concrete elements was done by consulting engineers Knight Piesold (KP). Quantity surveying services were provided by Hawkins, Leshnick & Bath (HLB). The contract was awarded to Central African Building Corporation (CABCO) who was also responsible for the provision of a specialist roof structure using patented “gang nail” roof trusses. The building construction proceeded to completion and was handed over to the owners on Sept. 12, 1991. The SAZ took effective occupation of the headquarters building without a certificate of occupation. Also, the defects liability period was only three months .The roof structure was in place 10 years At first the SAZ decided to go to arbitration, but this failed to yield an immediate solution. The SAZ then decided toproceed to litigate in court and to bring a negligence claim against CABCO. The preparation for arbitration was reused for litigation. The SAZ’s quantified losses stood at approximately $ 6 million in Zimbabwe dollars (US $1.2m) .After all parties had examined the facts and evidence before them, it became clear that there was a great probability that the courts might rule that both the architects and the contractor were lia ble. It was at this stage that the defendants’ lawyers requested that the matter be settled out of court. The plaintiff agreed to this suxamined the prior roles played by the project management function and construction professionals in preventing/mitigating potential construction problems. It further assessed the extent to which the employer/client and parties to a construction contract are able to recover damages under that contract. The main objective of this critical analysis was to identify an effective risk management strategy for future construction projects. The importance of this study is its multidimensional examination approach.Experience sugge be misleading. All construction projects are prototypes to some extent and imply change. Change in the construction industry itself suggests that past experience is unlikely to be sufficient on its own. A structured approach is required. Such a structure can not and must not replace the experience and expertise of the participant. Rather, it brings additional benefits that assist to clarify objectives, identify the nature of the uncertainties, introduces effective communication systems, improves decision-making, introduces effective risk control measures, protects the project objectives and provides knowledge of the risk history .Construction professionals need to know how to balance the contingencies of risk with their specific contractual, financial, operational and organizational requirements. Many construction professionals look at risks in dividually with a myopic lens and donot realize the potential impact that other associated risks may have on their business operations. Using a holistic risk management approach will enable a firm to identify all of the organization’s business risks. This will increas e the probability of risk mitigation, with the ultimate goal of total risk elimination .Recommended key construction and risk management strategies for future construction projects have been considered and their explanation follows. J.W. Hinchey stated th at there is and can be no ‘best practice’ standard for risk allocation on a high-profile project or for that matter, any project. He said, instead, successful risk management is a mind-set and a process. According to Hinchey, the ideal mind-set is for the parties and their representatives to, first, be intentional about identifying project risks and then to proceed to develop a systematic and comprehensive process for avoiding, mitigat and its location. This is said to be necessary not only to allow alternative responses to be explored. But also to ensure that the right questions are asked and the major risks identified. Heads of sources of risk are said to be a convenient way of providing a structure for identifying risks to completion of a participant’s pa rt of the project. Effective risk management is said to require a multi-disciplinary approach. Inevitably risk management requires examination of engineering, legal and insurance related solutions .It is stated that the use of analytical techniques based on a statistical approach could be of enormous use in decision making . Many of these techniques are said to be relevant to estimation of the consequences of risk events, and not how allocation of risk is to be achieved. In addition, at the present stage of the development of risk management, Atkinson states that it must be recognized that major decisions will be made that can not be based solely on mathematical analysis. The complexity ofconstruction projects means that the project definition in terms of both physical form and organizational structure will be based on consideration of only a relatively small number of risks . This is said to then allow a general structured approach that can be applied to any construction project to increase the awareness of participants .The new, simplified Construction Design and Management Regulations (CDM Regulations) which came in to f 1996, into a single regulatory package.The new CDM regulations offer an opportunity for a step change in health and safety performance and are used to reemphasize the health, safety and broader business benefits of a well-managed and co-ordinated approach to the management of health and safety in construction. I believe that the development of these skills is imperative to provide the client with the most effective services available, delivering the best value project possible.Construction Management at Risk (CM at Risk), similar to established private sector methods of construction contracting, is gaining popularity in the public sector. It is a process that allows a client to select a construction manager (CM) based on qualifications; make the CM a member of a collaborative project team; centralize responsibility for construction under a single contract; obtain a bonded guaranteed maximum price; produce a more manageable, predictable project; save time and money; and reduce risk for the client, the architect and the CM.CM at Risk, a more professional approach to construction, is taking its place along with design-build, bridging and the more traditional process of design-bid-build as an established method of project delivery.The AE can review to get the projec. Competition in the community is more equitable: all subcontractors have a fair shot at the work .A contingency within the GMP covers unexpected but justifiable costs, and a contingency above the GMP allows for client changes. As long as the subcontractors are within the GMP they are reimbursed to the CM, so the CM represents the client in negotiating inevitable changes with subcontractors.There can be similar problems where each party in a project is separately insured. For this reason a move towards project insurance is recommended. The traditional approach reinforces adversarial attitudes, and even provides incentives for people to overlook or conceal risks in an attempt to avoid or transfer responsibility.A contingency within the GMP covers unexpected but justifiable costs, and a contingency above the GMP allows for client changes. As long as the subcontractors are within the GMP they are reimbursed to the CM, so the CM represents the client in negotiating inevitable changes with subcontractors.There can be similar problems where each party in a project is separately insured. For this reason a move towards project insurance is recommended. The traditional approach reinforces adversarial attitudes, and even provides incentives for people to overlook or conceal risks in an attempt to avoid or transfer responsibility.It was reasonable to assume that between them the defects should have been detected earlier and rectified in good time before the partial roof failure. It did appear justified for the plaintiff to have brought a negligence claim against both the contractor and the architects.In many projects clients do not understand the importance of their role in facilitating cooperation and coordination; the desi recompense. They do not want surprises, and are more likely to engage in litigation when things go wrong.中文译文：国际建设工程风险分析索赔看来是合乎情理的。

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Science and Engineering食品科学 Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程 Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学 Agriculture作物学 Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学 Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学 Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学 Horticulture果树学 Pomology蔬菜学 Olericulture茶学 Tea Science农业资源利用学 Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources 土壤学 Soil Science植物营养学 Plant Nutrition植物保护学 Plant Protection植物病理学 Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治 Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control 农药学 Pesticide Science畜牧学 Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖 Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Science动物营养与饲料科学 Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学 Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等） The Rearing of Special-type EconomicAnimals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学 Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学 Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学 Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学 Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学 Forestry林木遗传育种学 Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学 Silviculture森林保护学 Forest Protection森林经理学 Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization 园林植物与观赏园艺 Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治 Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating水产学 Fisheries Science水产养殖学 Aquaculture Science捕捞学 Fishing Science渔业资源学 Science of Fisheries Resources医学 Medicine基础医学 Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学 Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology 免疫学 Immunology病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学 Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学 Forensic Medicine放射医学 Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学 Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学 Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学） Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学 Pediatrics老年医学 Geriatrics神经病学 Neurology精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学 Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学） Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology肿瘤学 Oncology康复医学与理疗学 Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy 运动医学 Sports Medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology急诊医学 Emergency Medicine口腔医学 Stomatology口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学 Public Health and Preventive Medicine 流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学 Occupational and Environmental Health 营养与食品卫生学 Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学 Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health 卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学 Military Preventive Medicine中医学 Chinese Medicine中医基础理论 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础 Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学 Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学 Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学 Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学 Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学 Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学 Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学 Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学 Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学 Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学 Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学 Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学 Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学 Pharmaceutical Science药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry药剂学 Pharmaceutics生药学 Pharmacognosy药物分析学 Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学 Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学 Pharmacology中药学 Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学 Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学 Military Thought and Military History 军事思想学 Military Thought军事历史学 Military History战略学 Science of Strategy军事战略学 Military Strategy战争动员学 War Mobilization战役学 Science of Operations联合战役学 Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学） Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学 Science of Tactics合同战术学 Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学 Branch Tactics军队指挥学 Science of Command作战指挥学 Combat Command军事运筹学 Military Operation Research军事通信学 Military Communication军事情报学 Military Intelligence密码学 Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学） Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学 Science of Military System军事组织编制学 Military Organizational System军队管理学 Military Management军队政治工作学 Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学 Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学 Military Logistics后方专业勤务 Rear Special Service军事装备学 Military Equipment管理学 Management Science管理科学与工程 Management Science and Engineering工商管理学 Science of Business Administration会计学 Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学） Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学 Tourist Management技术经济及管理学 Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学 Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学 Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学 Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学 Science of Public Management行政管理学 Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学 Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学 Educational Economy and Management社会保障学 Social Security土地资源管理学 Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学 Science of Library, Information and Archival图书馆学 Library Science情报学 Information Science档案学 Archival Science。

化学工程课程英文翻译数学 Math，Mathematics算术 Arithmetics代数Algebra，几何 Geometry三角 Trigonometry微积分 Calculus高等数学 Higher Mathematics 线性代数 Linear Algebra基础生命学 Basic Life Science 大学英语College English大学物理College Physics普通化学 General Chemistry 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry 有机化学 Organic Chemistry 分析化学 Analytical Chemistry生物化学 Biochemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry高分子化学Polymer Chemistry环境化学Environmental Chemistry合成化学Synthetic Chemistry体育Physical Education结构化学 Structure Chemistry材料化学 Material Chgemistry有机合成化学 Organic Synthetic Chemistry频谱识别Srectrum Identification概率 Probability药理学 Pharmacology药物合成 Drug Synthesis传质与分离工程Mass Transfer and SeparationEngineering应用电化学Applied Electrochemistry压力容器设计Design of Pressure Vessel电化学Electrochemistry绿色化学 Green Chemistry工业化学 Industrail Chemistry化学工程基础 Basics of Chemical Engineering 数值分析 Numerical Analysis流体力学 Mechanics of Fluids化工原理Priciples of Chemical Engineering 化工设计Design of Chemical Process,Design of Chemical PlantDesign of Chemical Product工程力学 Engineering Mechanics天然药物化学Natural Medical Chemistry波谱分析 Spectrum Analysis传递现象 Transfer Phenomenon化工传递过程Chemical transfer process化工技术进展Advance in Chemical Technology 化工技术经济Technology and Economy of Chemical Industry 传递过程导论Introduction to Transfer Processes水力学Hydraulics环境土壤学 Environmental Soil Science化工热力学Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 水处理技术 Water Treatment Technology热工基础 Fundamental of thermo-technology 制药工艺学 Pharmaceutical Technology制药分离工程Pharmaceutical Separation Engineering制药反应工程Pharmaceutical Reaction Engineering 抗生素工艺学 Antibotic TechnologyBASIC 语言 BASIC LanguageBASIC 语言及应用BASIC Language & Application C 语言 C Language工程热力学Engineering Thermodynamics医学化学 Medical Chemistry石油加工 Petroleum Refining煤液化Coal LquificationAspen Plus英语口语 Oral English酶工程Enzyme Engineering发酵工程 Fermentation Engineering 细胞生物学Cell Biology分子生物学Molecular Biology电工学 Electrotechnics药理学 Principles of Pharmaceuticals机械制图 Mechanical Graphing，Mechanical Drawings工程制图 Engineering drawing气象学 Meteorology环境生态学 Environmental Ecology环境科学概论Introduction to Environmental Science环境生物学Environmental Biology环境微生物学 Environmental Microbiology仪器分析 Instrumental Analysis环境科学概论Introduction to Environmental Science 环境规划学Environmental Ekistics环境管理学 Environmental Management Science 环境毒理学Environmental Toxicology环境经济学Environmental Economics，Economics of Environment环境法学 Science of environment law环境化学 Environmental Chemistry环境工程专业英语Professional English in Envir onmental Engineering环境工程学Science of Environmental Engineering 环境监测Environmental Monitoring环境检测 Environment Measuring环境影响评价 Environmental Impact Assessment 固体废弃物处理与处置水污染控制工程Water Pollution Control Engineering 大气污染控制工程Air Pollution Control Engineering 固体废弃物处理与资源化利用安全评价 Safety Assessment绿色化学工程Green Chemical Engineering安全经济学 Safety Economics安全学Safety Science安全学原理安全系统工程 Safety System Engineering压力容器 Pressure Vessels燃烧与爆炸 Combustion and Explosion燃烧与爆炸理论Theory of Combustion and Explosion 电子电工基础Basics of electrotechnics and Electronics 过程控制与装备Process Control and Equipment 有机化工工艺学Organic Chemical technology 无机化工工艺学 Inorganic Chemical technology 络合物化学 Chemistry of Complex，Complex Chemistry生物物理学Biophysics高聚物工艺学 Polymer Technology煤化学Coal Chemistry碳化学 Carbon Chemistry煤化工工艺学Coal Processing Technology分离技术概论Introduction to Separation Technology 化学化工文献检索Chemical Literature Retrival 计算化学 Computation chemistry精细有机合成Synthesis of Fine Organic ChemicalsAutoCAD 化工制图AutoCAD Charting of Chemical Engineering 精细化工 Fine Chemical Engineering化工机械 Chemical Machinery生物学Biology化学物理 Chemical Physics工业催化 Industrial Catalysis表面活性剂概述Introduction to Surface Active Agent 化工过程开发Chemical Process Development 表面活性剂 Surface Active Agent化妆品配方和原理Cosmetics Formula and Principle 工业药剂学 Industry Pharmaceutics材料结构分析Material Structure Analysis材料科学基础Materials Science Foundation无机非金属材料 Non-metallic Inorganic Material高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymer 配位化学Coordination Chemistry化工过程合成与分析Synthesis and Analysis of Chemical Process 固废处理技术Solid Waste Processing Technology 噪音污染及控制Noise Pollution and Control化学实验 Chemical Experiment化工实验 Chemical Engineering Experiment工业分析 Industrial Analysis有机分析 Organic Analysis精细化学品分析Analysis of Fine Chemcials药物分析 Pharmaceutical Analysis化工系统工程Chemical Systems Engineering;Process System Engineering化工技术分析Chemical Industry Technical Analysis 药事管理 Pharmaceutical Administration,Drug Administration,Pharmacy Management药剂学 Pharmacy高等制药分离工程Advanced PharmaceuticalSeparation Engineering实验设计与数据处理Experiment Design and Data Processing安全管理学Safety Management Science安全学原理Safety Science系统安全工程 System Safety Engineering化工腐蚀学Chemical Corrosion Science制药设备与技术Drugs Manufacture Equipment and Technology 催化工程 Catalysis Engineering画法几何Descriptive Geometry专业英语 Specialized English化工仪表 Chemical Engineering Instrumentation SAA Service Action Analysis电化学Electrochemistry纳米材料 Nanophase materials材料添加剂Additive for Material涂料Coating功能材料 Functional Material精细无机材料Fine Inorganic Material水盐体系 Salt-water System环境质量评价Environmental Quality Assessment （Valuation）环境规划与管理Planning and Management of Environment CAE-CFD分析基础CAE-CFD Analysis Basics 安全学Safety Science安全系统工程 Safety System Engineering安全法律法规Laws and Regulations of Safety 化学反应工程 Chemical Reaction Engineering化学工艺学Chemical Technology化工传递过程导论化工厂系统安全工程 System Safety Engineering 化工制图Charting of Chemical Engineering 计算机基础Basics of Computer计算机在化工中的应用 Application of Computerin Chemical Engineering BASIC 语言BASIC Language分离工程Separation Process重大危险源辨识Major Hazards Identification过程开发概要 Process Development Outline 化合物化学 Compound Chemistry化工设备基础 Basics of Chemical Equipment 化工机械设备基础Basics of Chemical Machinery and Equipment 化工仪表 Chemical Engineering Instrument化工仪表自动化Chemical Engineering Instrument Automation药物合成 Drug Synthesis药物化学 Pharmacochemistry科技文献检索 Sci-Tech Document Retrieval化妆品科学Cosmetic Science香精香料Flavor，Essence spice催化反应工程 Catalytic Reaction Engineering 电子仪表及其自动化 Electronic Device化工计算 Chemical Computation板壳力学Plate Mechanics泵与风机Pumps and Fans泵与水机Pumps & Water Turbines毕业设计Graduation Design毕业论文Graduation Thesis大型锅炉概况Introduction to Large-Volume Boilers 大学语文 College Chinese大众传播学 Mass MediaCAD 概论Introduction to CADCAD/CAM CAD/CAMC语言与生物医学信息处理C Language & BiomedicalInformation Processing FORTRAN语言FORTRAN Language表面活性物质Surface Reactive Materials并行算法Parallel Algorithmic波谱学Wave Spectrum材料的力学性能测试Measurement of Material Mechanical Performance材料力学 Mechanics of Materials财务成本管理Financial Cost Management财政学Public Finance财政与金融 Finance & Banking财政与信贷 Finance & Credit测试技术Testing Technology产业经济学 Industrial Economy产业组织学 Industrial Organization Technology 场论 Field Theory常微分方程 Ordinary Differentical EquationsReferences城市规划原理 Fundamentals of City Planning城市社会学 Urban Sociology抽象代数 Abstract Algebra传热学 Heat Transfer创造心理学 Creativity Psychology大型火电机组控制 Control of Large Thermal Power Generator Networks 等离子体工程 Plasma Engineering低温绝热Cryo Heat Insulation低温气体制冷机 Cryo Gas Refrigerator低温热管Cryo Heat Tube低温设备 Cryo Equipment低温生物冻干技术 Biological Cryo Freezing Drying Technology低温实验技术 Cryo Experimentation Technology低温物理导论 Cryo Physic Concepts低温物理概论 Cryo Physic Concepts低温物理概念 Cryo Physic Concepts低温仪表及测试 Cryo Meters & Measurement低温原理Cryo Fundamentals低温中的微机应用 Application of Microcomputer in Cryo Technology低温装置 Cryo Equipment地理 Geography第二次世界大战史 History of World War II电测量技术 Electric Measurement Technology电厂计算机控制系统 Computer Control System in Power Plants电动力学 Electrodynamics电镀 Plating电分析化学 Electro-Analytical Chemistry电工测试技术基础 Testing Technology of Electrical Engineering电工产品学 Electrotechnical Products电工电子技术基础 Electrical Technology & Electrical Engineering电工电子学 Electronics in Electrical Engineering电工基础 Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering电工基础理论 Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering电工基础实验 Basic Experiment in Electrical Engineering电工技术 Electrotechnics电工技术基础 Fundamentals of Electrotechnics电工实习 Electrical Engineering Practice电工实验技术基础 Experiment Technology of Electrical Engineering 电工学 Electrical Engineering电工与电机控制 Electrical Engineering & Motor Control电弧焊及电渣焊 Electric Arc Welding & Electroslag Welding电化学测试技术 Electrochemical Measurement Technology电化学工程 Electrochemical Engineering电化学工艺学 Electrochemical Technology电镜 Electronic Speculum电力电子电路 Power Electronic Circuit电力电子学 Power Electronics电力工程 Electrical Power Engineering电力生产技术 Technology of Electrical Power Generation电力系统 Power Systems电子技术 Technology of Electronics电子技术基础 Basic Electronic Technology电子技术基础与实验 Basic Electronic Technology & Experiment电子技术课程设计 Course Exercise in Electronic Technology电子技术实验 Experiment in Electronic Technology电子理论实验 Experiment in Electronic Theory电子显微分析 Electronic Micro-Analysis电子显微镜 Electronic Microscope发电厂 Power Plant法律基础 Fundamentals of Law法学概论 An Introduction to Science of Law法学基础 Fundamentals of Science of Law翻译 Translation翻译理论与技巧 Theory & Skills of Translation沸腾燃烧 Boiling Combustion分析化学 Analytical Chemistry分析化学实验 Analytical Chemistry Experiment分析力学 Analytical Mechanics风能利用 Wind Power Utilization腐蚀电化学实验 Experiment in Erosive Electrochemistry复合材料力学 Compound Material Mechanics概率论 Probability Theory概率论与数理统计 Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics 概率论与随机过程 Probability Theory & Stochastic Process高等材料力学 Advanced Material Mechanics高等代数 Advanced Algebra高等教育管理 Higher Education Management高等教育史 History of Higher Education高等教育学 Higher Education高等数学 Advanced Mathematics高电压技术 High-Voltage Technology高电压测试技术 High-Voltage Test Technology高分子材料 High Polymer Material高分子材料及加工 High Polymer Material & Porcessing高分子化学 High Polymer Chemistry高分子化学实验 High Polymer Chemistry Experiment高分子物理 High Polymer Physics高分子物理实验 High Polymer Physics Experiment高级英语听说 Advanced English Listening & Speaking工程材料及热处理 Engineering Material and Heat Treatment 工程材料学 Engineering Materials工程测量 Engineering Surveying工程测试技术 Engineering Testing Technique工程测试实验 Experiment on Engineering Testing工程测试信息 Information of Engineering Testing工程动力学 Engineering Dynamics工程概论 Introduction to Engineering工程概预算 Project Budget工程经济学 Engineering Economics工程静力学 Engineering Statics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics工程热力学 Engineering Thermodynamics工程项目评估 Engineering Project Evaluation工程优化方法 Engineering Optimizational Method工程运动学 Engineering Kinematics工程造价管理 Engineering Cost Management工程制图 Graphing of Engineering工业分析 Industrial Analysis工业锅炉Industrial Boiler工业会计学 Industrial Accounting工业技术基础 Basic Industrial Technology工业经济理论 Industrial Economic Theory工业经济学 Industrial Economics工业企业财务管理 Industrial Enterprise Financial Management工业企业财务会计 Accounting in Industrial Enterprises工业企业管理 Industrial Enterprise Management工业企业经营管理 Industrial Enterprise Adminstrative Management工业窑炉Industrial Stoves工艺过程自动化 Technics Process Automation公差 Common Difference公差技术测量 Technical Measurement with Common Difference公差与配合 Common Difference & Cooperation公共关系学 Public Relations公文写作 Document Writing管理概论 Introduction to Management管理经济学 Management Economics管理数学 Management Mathematics管理系统模拟 Management System Simulation锅炉燃烧理论 Theory of Boiler Combustion锅炉热交换传热强化 Boiler Heat Exchange,Condction & Intensification锅炉原理 Principles of Boiler过程(控制)调节装置 Process(Control) Adjustment Device过程调节系统 Process Adjustment System过程控制 Process Control过程控制系统 Process Control System互换性与技术测量实验Experiment of Exchangeability Measurement Technology 画法几何及机械制图Descriptive Geometry & Mechanical Graphing画法几何与阴影透视Descriptive Geometry,Shadow and Perspective化工基础 Elementary Chemical Industry化工仪表与自动化Chemical Meters & Automation化工原理Principles of Chemical Industry化学 Chemistry化学反应工程 Chemical Reaction Engineering化学分离 Chemical Decomposition化学工程基础Elementary Chemical Engineering化学计量学 Chemical Measurement化学文献 Chemical Literature化学文献及查阅方法Chemical Literature & Consulting Method化学粘结剂 Chemical Felter环境保护理论基础Basic Theory of Environmental Protection环境化学 Environomental Chemistry环境行为概论Introduction to Environmental Behavior换热器 Thermal Transducer会计学 Accountancy会计与财务分析Accountancy & Financial Analysis会计与设备分析Accountancy & Equipment Analysis会计原理及外贸会计Principles of Accountancy & Foreign Trade Accountancy 会计原理与工业会计Principles of Accountancy & Industrial Accountancy活力学 Energy Theory基础写作Fundamental Course of Composition机械零件 Mechanical Elements机械零件设计Course Exercise in Machinery Elements Design机械零件设计基础Basis of Machinery Elements Design机械设计 Mechanical Designing机械设计基础Basis of Mechanical Designing机械设计课程设计Course Exercise in Mechanical Design机械设计原理Principle of Mechanical Designing机械原理Principle of Mechanics机械原理和机械零件Mechanism & Machinery机械原理及机械设计 Mechanical Designing技术管理 Technological Management技术经济 Technological Economy技术经济学 Technological Economics技术市场学 Technological Marketing计算方法 Computational Method计算机导论Introduction to Computers计算机辅助设计 CAD计算机概论Introduction to Computers计算机绘图 Computer Graphics计算机在化学中的应用Application of Computer in Chemistry计算力学 Computational Mechanics计算力学基础Basis of Computational Mechanics计算流体 Fluid Computation胶体化学 Colloid Chemistry结构化学 Structural Chemistry解析几何 Analytic Geometry金属腐蚀与保护Metal Erosion & Protection金属腐蚀原理Principles of Metal Erosion近世代数 Modern Algebra经济法Law of Economy经济法学Law of Economy经营管理 Operation Management经营管理学 Operation Management静力学 Statics决策分析Analysis of Policy Making科技翻译Scientific English Translation科技管理 Technological Management科技史History of Science & Technology科技史及新技术知识Historry of Science & Knowledge of New Techndogy 科技写作 Scientific Writing科技新闻 Scientific News科技英语 Scientific English科技英语基础 Elementary Scientific English科技英语阅读Readings of Scientific English控制工程 Control Engineering口译 Oral Intepretation口语实践 Oral Practice快速阅读 Fast Reading冷冻干燥技术 Freeze Drying Technique冷冻技术 Refrigeration Technique冷库设计 Refrigerating House Design理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics力热学Mechanics & Thermology力学和热学Mechanics & Thermology两相流动和传热Two-phase Flow & Thermal Conduction量子力学 Quantum Mechanics劣质煤燃烧与利用Tinpot Coal Combustion & Use零件设计 Element Design流态化工程 Fluidization Engineering流体力学 Fluid Mechanics伦理学 Ethics论文写作 Thesis Writing论文指导 Thesis Supervision煤粉燃烧技术及测量技术Coal Power Combustion & Technology and Measurement 能源工程Energy Source Engineering配位化学 Coordination Chemistry偏微分方程 Partial Differential Equation普通化学 General Chemistry普通生物学 General Biology普通物理 General Physics普通物理实验Lab of General Physics钎焊 Soldering情报检索 Information Searches全过程设计Whole Process Design燃气轮机Steam Turbine Engines燃烧理论Theory of Combustion燃烧学 Combustion热工设备 Thermal Equipment热力发电厂Thermal Power Stations热力发动机 Thermal Motors热力机械测试技术Thermo-Mechanic Measurement Technique热力机械测试技术课程设计Course Design for Thermo-Mechanic Measurement Technique 热力学 Thermodynamics热力学与统计物理Thermodynamics & Statistical Physics热物理测量及实验技术Measurements & Experiments of Thermal Science热物理量测技术Measurements of Thermal Science熔焊原理及工艺Principle & Technique of Melting and Welding生产管理Administration of Manufacturing生产过程计算机控制Computer Control in Manufacturing Process生产过程自动化 Water-Turbine Engine生理学 Physiology生命科学与无机化学Life Science and Inorganic Chemistry生物工程产品 Bio-engineering Products生物工程导论Introduction to Bio-engineering生物化学 Biochemistry生物化学工程 Biochemical Engineering生物化学及实验 Biochemistry Experiment生物检测技术Measurement for Biotechnique生物物理 Biophysics生物学专题Currents Issues in Biology实验分析 Experimental Analysis实验力学 Experimental Mechanics实验力学基础Basis of Experimental Mechanics 实验流体Experimental Flowing Object水力学 Hydraulics水轮机 Water-Turbine Engine谈判技巧 Negotiation Skills听说训练Practice on Listening & Speaking微生物学 Microbiology无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry无机化学实验Inorganic Chemistry Experiments 物理化学 Chemicophysics物理化学实验 Physical Chemistry Experiment 物理学 Physics系统工程 System Engineering细胞生物学 Cell Biology线性代数 Linear Algebra英语 English英语词汇学 English Lexicology英语泛读 Extensive Reading英语精读 Intensive Reading英语口语 Oral English Practice英语视听 English Videos英语听力English Listening Comprehension英语写作 English Writing英语语法 English Grammar英语阅读 English Reading英语阅读与技巧English Reading & Skills有机化学 Organic Chemistry有机化学实验Organic Chemistry Experiment专业实验 Specialty Experiment专业物理实验 Physics Specialty Experiment专业英语 Specialty English专业英语阅读 Specialty English ReadingCET-4 College English Test(Band 4)CET-6 College English Test(Band 6)生产实习 Production Practice课程设计 Course Exercise英汉口译English-Chinese Oral Interpretation英语影视English Movies & TV精读 Perusal口语训练 Oral Training英语听说训练English Practice on Listening & Speaking 口语 Oral Training语法 Syntax英语学习技巧 English Studying Skills机械制图 Mechanical Graphing建筑工程概预算 Construction Project Budget词汇学 Lexicology大学物理 College Physics大学物理实验 Experiment of College Physics专业设计 Specialty Design综合听说 Comprehensive Listening & Speaking蒸汽动力装置 Steam Power Equipment环保法 Environment Protection Law刑法学 Penal Law计算流体力学 Fluid Mechanics Computation中级无机化学及实验 Medium Inorganic Chemistry & Experiment应用电化学 Applied Electrochemistry应用表面化学 Applied Surface Chemistry相对论 Principle of Relativity工程数学 Engineering MathematicsBASIC & FORTRAN 语言 BASIC Language & FORTRAN Language 电子学 Electronics听力训练 Listening Training专利文献检索 The Searches of Patent Literature计算机应用技术 Computer Applications Technology测量技术基础 Foundation of Measurement Technology化工原理课程设计 Course Design of Principles of Chemical Industry 有机合成及实验 Organic Synthesize & Experiment应用胶体与表面化学 Application Colloid & Superficial Chemistry仿真与辅助设计 Simulation & Computer Aided Design热工仪表 Thermal Meter汽轮机课程设计 Steam Turbine Course Design锅炉课程设计 Boiler Combustion Course Designing教学实习 Teaching Practice物理实验Physical Experiment生物技术 Biotechnology生物技术专题 Currents Issues in Biotechnology生物技术实验 Biotechnology Experiment遗传工程 Genetics Engineering发酵工程 Zymolysis Engineering分子生物学 Molecule Biology微生物实验 Experiment on Microbiology生物学基础 Basic of Biology生物化学技术 Measurement for Biochemistry计算机辅助热力学 Computer Aided Thermodynamics生物化学课程设计 Biochemistry Course Design力学 Mechanics认识实习 Cognition Practice制冷技术 Refrigeration Technique线性代数微分方程 Linear Algebra & Differential Equation计算方法与算法语言 Computational Method & Algorithmic Language 数据库应用基础 Basic of Database Application英语听力与口语 English Listening Comprehension & Oral Training 英语听力与口语 English Listening Comprehension & Oral Training 国际商务谈判 International Business Negotiate国际英语阅读 International English Reading英语函电 Business English Correspondence应用统计学 Statistics Application英文贸易书信 English Trading Letters高等代数 Elementary Algebra数学分析 Mathematical Analysis力学实验 Mechanics-Practical德育 Moral Education政治经济学 Political Economics电学实验 Electrical Experiment计算方法 Computing Method哲学 Philosophy数据库概论 Introduction to Database毕业论文 Graduation Thesis。

大学各专业名称英文翻译（一）——工学ENGINEERING课程中文名称课程英文名称高等数理方法Advanced Mathematical Method弹塑性力学Elastic-Plastic Mechanics板壳理论Theory of Plate and Shell高等工程力学Advanced Engineering Mechanics板壳非线性力学Nonlinear Mechanics of Plate and Shell复合材料结构力学Structural Mechanics of Composite Material弹性元件的理论及设计Theory and Design of Elastic Element非线性振动Nonlinear Vibration高等土力学Advanced Soil Mechanics分析力学Analytic Mechanics随机振动Random Vibration数值分析Numerical Analysis基础工程计算与分析Calculation and Analysis of Founda tion Engineering结构动力学Structural Dynamics实验力学Laboratory Mechanics损伤与断裂Damage and Fracture小波分析Wavelet Analysis有限元与边界元分析方法Analytical Method of Finite Element and Boundary Element最优化设计方法Optimal Design Method弹性力学Elastic Mechanics高层建筑基础Tall Building Foundation动力学Dynanics土的本构关系Soil Constitutive Relation数学建模Mathematical Modeling现代通信理论与技术Emerging Communications Theory and Technology数字信号处理Digital Signal Processing网络理论与多媒体技术Multi-media and Network Technology医用电子学Electronics for Medicine计算微电子学Computational Microelectronics集成电路材料和系统电子学Material and System Electronics for In tegrated Circuits网络集成与大型数据库Computer Network Integrating Technology and Large scale Database 现代数字系统Modern Digital System微机应用系统设计Microcomputer Application Design计算机网络新技术Modern Computer Network Technologies网络信息系统Network Information System图像传输与处理Image Transmission and Processing图像编码理论Theory of Image Coding遥感技术Remote Sensing Techniques虚拟仪器系统设计Design of Virtual Instrument System生物医学信号处理技术Signal Processing for Biology and Medicine光纤光学Fiber OpticsVLSI的EDA技术EDA Techniques for VLSI电子系统的ASIC技术ASIC Design TechnologiesVLSI技术与检测方法VLSI Techniques & Its Examination专题阅读或专题研究The Special Subject Study信息论Information Theory半导体物理学Semiconductor Physics通信原理Principle of Communication现代数理逻辑Modern Mathematical Logic算法分析与设计Analysis and Design of Algorithms高级计算机网络Advanced Computer Networks高级软件工程Advanced Software Engineering数字图像处理Digital Image Processing知识工程原理Principles of Knowledge Engineering面向对象程序设计Object-Oriented Programming形式语言与自动机Formal Languages and Automata人工智能程序设计Artificial Intelligence Programming软件质量与测试Software Quality and Testing大型数据库原理与高级开发技术Principles of Large-Scale Data-Bas e and Advanced Development Technology自然智能与人工智能Natural Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence Unix操作系统分析Analysis of Unix System计算机图形学Computer GraphicsInternet与Intranet技术Internet and Intranet Technology多媒体技术Multimedia Technology数据仓库技术与联机分析处理Data Warehouse and OLAP程序设计方法学Methodology of Programming计算机信息保密与安全Secrecy and Security of Computer Information电子商务Electronic Commerce分布式系统与分布式处理Distributed Systems and Distributed Processing并行处理与并行程序设计Parallel Processing and Parallel Programming模糊信息处理技术Fuzzy Information Processing Technology人工神经网络及应用Artificial Intelligence and Its Applications Unix编程环境Unix Programming Environment计算机视觉Computer Vision高级管理信息系统Advanced Management Information Systems信息系统综合集成理论及方法Theory and Methodology of Information n System Integration计算机科学研究新进展Advances in Computer Science离散数学Discrete Mathematics操作系统Operating System数据库原理Principles of Database编译原理Principles of Compiler程序设计语言Programming Language数据结构Data Structure计算机科学中的逻辑学Logic in Computer Science面向对象系统分析与设计Object-Oriented System Analysis and Design高等数值分析Advanced Numeric Analysis人工智能技术Artificial Intelligence Technology软计算理论及应用Theory and Application of Soft-Computing逻辑程序设计与专家系统Logic Programming and Expert Systems模式识别Pattern Recognition软件测试技术Software Testing Technology高级计算机网络与集成技术Advanced Computer Networks and Integration Technology 语音信号处理Speech Signal Processing系统分析与软件工具System Analysis and Software Tools计算机仿真Computer Simulation计算机控制Computer Control图像通信技术Image Communication Technology人工神经网络及应用Artificial Intelligence and Its Applications计算机技术研究新进展Advances in Computer Technology环境生物学Environmental Biology水环境生态学模型Models of Water Quality环境化学Environmental Chemistry环境生物技术Environmental Biotechnology水域生态学Aquatic Ecology环境工程Environmental Engineering环境科学研究方法Study Methodology of Environmental Science藻类生理生态学Ecological Physiology in Algae水生动物生理生态学Physiological Ecology of Aquatic Animal专业文献综述Review on Special Information废水处理与回用Sewage Disposal and Re-use生物医学材料学及实验Biomaterials and Experiments现代测试分析Modern Testing Technology and Methods生物材料结构与性能Structures and Properties of Biomaterials计算机基础Computer Basis医学信息学Medical Informatics计算机汇编语言Computer Assembly Language学科前沿讲座Lectures on Frontiers of the Discipline组织工程学Tissue Engineering生物医学工程概论Introduction to Biomedical Engineering高等生物化学Advanced Biochemistry光学与统计物理Optics and Statistical Physics图像分析Image Treatment数据处理分析与建模Data Analysis and Constituting Model高级数据库Advanced Database计算机网络Computer Network多媒体技术Technology of Multimedia软件工程Software Engineering药物化学Pharmaceutical Chemistry功能高分子Functional Polymer InternetIntranet程序设计方法学Methods of Programming InternetIntranet高分子化学与物理Polymeric Chemistry and Physics医学电子学Medical Electronics现代仪器分析Modern Instrumental Analysis仪器分析实验Instrumental Analysis Experiment食品添加剂Food Additives Technology高级食品化学Advanced Food Chemistry食品酶学Food Enzymology现代科学前沿选论Literature on Advances of Modern Science波谱学Spectroscopy波谱学实验Spectroscopic Experiment食品贮运与包装Food Packaging液晶化学Liquid Crystal Chemistry高等有机化学Advanced organic Chemistry功能性食品Function Foods食品营养与卫生学Food Nutrition and Hygiene食品生物技术Food Biotechnology食品研究与开发Food Research and Development有机合成化学Synthetic organic Chemistry食品分离技术Food Separation Technique精细化工装备Refinery Chemical Equipment食品包装原理Principle of Food Packaging表面活性剂化学及应用Chemistry and Application of Surfactant天然产物研究与开发Research and Development of Natural Products 食品工艺学Food Technology生物化学Biochemistry食品分析Food Analysis食品机械与设备Food Machinery and Equipment。

各专业课程英⽂翻译各专业课程英⽂翻译（精⼼整理）⽣物及医学专业课程汉英对照表细胞⽣物学和分⼦⽣物学 Celluar and Molecular Biology 精神病护理学 Psychiatric Nursing⼒学专业⾼等代数与⼏何 Advanced Algebra and Geometry 数学物理⽅法 Methods in Mathematical Physics理论⼒学 Theoretical Mechanics 弹性⼒学 Elasticity⼒学实验 Experiments in Solid Mechanics ⼒学概论Introduction to Mechanics 计算流体⼒学 Computational Fluid Mechanics 粘性流体⼒学Viscous Fluid Flow弹性⼒学变分原理 Variational Principles inElasticity有限元法 Finite Element Method进化⽣物学 Evolutionary Biology ⼝腔外科学 Oral Surgery海洋⽣物学 Marine Biology ⼝腔 / ⽛科科学 Oral/Dental Sciences 微⽣物学 Microbiology⾻科医学 Osteopathic Medicine 分⼦⽣物学 Molecular Biology ⽿科学 Otology医学微⽣物学 Medical Microbiology 理疗学 Physical Therapy ⼝腔⽣物学 Oral Biology ⾜病医学Podiatric Medicine寄⽣物学 Parasutology眼科学 Ophthalmology 植物⽣物学 Plant Physiology 预防医学Preventive Medicine ⼼理⽣物学 Psychobiology 放射学 Radiology放射⽣物学 Radiation Biology 康复咨询学 Rehabilitation Counseling 理论⽣物学 Theoretical Biology 康复护理学Rehabilitation Nursing 野⽣⽣物学 Wildlife Biology 外科护理学 Surgical Nursing 环境⽣物学 Environmental Biology 治疗学Therapeutics 运动⽣物学 Exercise Physiology 畸形学 Teratology有机体⽣物学 Organismal Biology 兽医学 Veterinary Sciences ⽣物统计学 Biometrics ⽛科卫⽣学 Dental Sciences ⽣物物理学 Biophysics ⽛科科学 Dentistry ⽣物⼼理学 Biopsychology ⽪肤学 Dermatology ⽣物统计学 Biostatistics 内分泌学Endocrinology ⽣物⼯艺学 Biotechnology 遗传学 Genetics ⽣物化学 Biological Chemistry解剖学 Anatomy⽣物⼯程学 Biological Engineering ⿇醉学 Anesthesia ⽣物数学 Biomathematics临床科学 Clinical Science应⽤⽣物学 Applied Biology 细胞⽣物学 Cell Biology ⽣物学 Biology⽣物医学科学 Biomedical Science临床⼼理学 Clinical Psychology 医学技术 Medical Technology 医学 Medicine护理⿇醉学 Nurse Anesthesia 数学分析 Mathematical Analysis 常微分⽅程 Ordinary Differential Equation 计算⽅法Numerical Methods 材料⼒学 Mechanics of Materials 流体⼒学Fluid Mechanics 机械制图 Machining Drawing ⽓体⼒学 Gas Dynamics 弹性板理论 Theory of Elastic Plates塑性⼒学Introduction of Plasticity经典⼒学中的数学⽅法 Mathematical Methods of ClassicalMechanics机器⼈动⼒学 Dynamics of Robots ⾃动控制原理 Principles of Automatic Control优化计算与最化控制 Optimization and OptimalControl计算机图形学 Computer Graphics 概率与统计 Probability and Statistics 专业英语 English for Mechanics 振动理论 Theory of Vibration 程序设计⽅法 (C 和 FORTRAN) Programming in C & FORTRAN ⽔动⼒学 Hydrodynamics 计算机图象处理 Image Processing 光测⼒学 Photo Mechanics断裂⼒学 Fracture Mechanics⾼等动⼒学 Advanced Dynamics 摄动⽅法 Perturbation Methods 机械设计与 Auto CADMachinery Designing and AutoCAD 信息显⽰ (可视化 ) Visualization 微机原理 Principles of Personal Computer 复变函数Complex Function企业管理专业微观经济学 Microeconomics管理信息系统 Systems of Management Information 财务管理 Financial Management 战略管理 Strategic Management 国际商务谈判 Negotiation on BusinessAffairs跨国公司专题研究 Special Researchof multinational corporation国际贸易 InternationalTrade 国际营销研究 International Marketing Research 公司组织与管理 Organization and Managementof Corporate信息管理概论 Introduction to InformationManagement信息经济学 Information Economics 企业信息化⼯程管理学原理 Principles of Management 信息政策与法规 Information Policy and Law 管理信息系统 Management Information System 线性代数 Linear Algebra决策分析 Policy Making 离散数学 Discrete Mathematics概率统计 Statistics and ProbabilityTheory ⽣产与运作管理 Production Management 电⼦商务Electronic Commerce 信息系统安全与保密 Information System Security政府信息化⼯程 Government Informationalization ⼴告实务 Practice of Advertisement 操作系统 Operating System 信息科学基础Foundations of InformationScience 经济信息管理 Economic Information Management 专业英语 Specialty English 微机基础Principles of Microcomputers ⽂献计量学 Bibliometrics电⼦出版技术 Electronic Publishing ⼴告概论 Introduction to Advertisement管理学 Principles of Management 宏观经济学 Macroeconomics 产业经济学 Industrial Economics 项⽬评估 Projects Appraisal 管理沟通Management Negotiation战略管理 Strategic Management ⽣产管理研究 Operation Management 企业伦理 Enterprise Ethics 运筹学 Operational Research 信息管理专业⾼等数学 Higher Mathematics数据库系统 Database 组织⾏为学 Organizational Behavior⼈⼒资源管理 Human Resource Management信息存储与检索信息服务与Information Retrieval andStorage information Service and UserStudy社会实践 Practical Work信息分析与决策 Information Analysis andPolicy Making Enterprise Informationalization 信息组织 Information Organization 计算机⽹络 Computer Networks 多媒体技术 Multimedia信息环境论 Information Environments 传播学原理 Principles of CommunicationTheory 知识产权法学 Law of Intelligence Property 组织⾏为学 Studies of Organization 货币银⾏学专业货币银⾏学 Money and Banking 宏观经济学 Macroeconomics 策略管理 Strategic Management 银⾏会计 Bank Accounting 运筹学 Operational Research 财务管理Financial Management 租赁与信托 Hiring and Affiancing 商业银⾏实务 Practice of Business Bank项⽬评估 Projects Appraisal ⾦融市场学⼈⼒资源管理 Human ResourceManagement 财务报告分析 A nalysis of Financial Statement财务案例分析 Case Analysis of FinancialManagement物理专业热学 Thermodynamics ⼒学 Mechanics光学 Optics电磁学 Electromagnetism计算概论 Computing Generality 普通物理实验 General Physics Laboratory固体磁性及应⽤基础 Magnetism of the Solid Stateand its Application衍射物理(固体结构分析)Diffraction Physics (Structureof Solid Analysis)科研实⽤软件 Utility Software for ScientificResearch 计算机模拟⽅法 Computer SimulationMethods 激光原理、技术与应⽤ The Principle, Techniqueand Application of Laser材料物理 Materials Physics 近代光学和光电⼦学 Modern Optics and Optoelectronics现代固体物理 Modern Solid State Physics粒⼦物理 Particle Physics 物理宇宙学基础 Elements of Cosmology Physics 固体物理 Solid State Physics 原⼦物理 Atomic Physics量⼦⼒学 Quantum Mechanics 理论⼒学 Theoretical Mechanics电动⼒学 Electrodynamics普通物理综合实验 Synthetical Experiments ofGeneral Physics市场营销学专业营销管理 Marketing Management 公共关系 Public Relationship 国际贸易 International Trade 消费者⾏为 Consumer Behavior 管理信息系统 Systems of Management Information 营销调研Marketing Research 推销学 Sales Strategies 国际⾦融 International Finance 营销预测与规划 Marketing Forecasting andPlanning 销售渠道管理 ales Channels Management 管理学 Principles of Management 国际市场营销 International Marketing 商业谈判 Business Negotiation ⼴告管理 Advertising Management 营销案例分析 Case Studies of Marketing 国际贸易实务 Practice of InternationalTrade 服务业营销 Service Industry Marketing企业伦理 Enterprise Ethics 新产品开发 New Products Development管理信息系统 System of Management Information 运筹学 Operational Research 保险学 Insurance管理会计 Managerial Accounting 国际贸易 International Trade国际⾦融 International Finance证券投资学 Security Analysis and Investment 国际结算 International BalanceFinancial Marketing证券投资学Security Analysis and Investment 财务学专业财务报告分析Analysis of Financial Statement 国际⾦融International Finance保险学Insurance 财务案例分析Case Analysis of FinanceManagement 国际财务管理International Financial Management 资产评估Assets Appraisal项⽬评估Projects Appraisal 财务管理Financial Management 运筹学Operational Research 管理会计Managerial Accounting 管理学Principles of Management 统计学Principles of Statistics宏观经济学Macroeconomics管理信息系统Systems of Management Information 策略管理Strategic Management 微观经济学Microeconomics 微积分Calculus会计专业会计学Accounting Principles 管理会计Managerial Accounting 会计信息系统Accounting Information Systems 财务管理Financial Management 财务报告分析Analysis of Financial Statement 国际会计International Accounting成本会计Cost Accounting 审计学Auditing Principles 投资学Investment Principles 货币银⾏学Money and Banking国际⾦融International Finance 统计学Principle of Stat财税法规与税务会计Laws and Regulations of Financeand Taxes预算会计Budget Accounting 会计研究⽅法Accounting Research Methods 内部审计与政府审计Internal Auditing and GovernmentAuditing会计审计实务Accounting and Auditing Practice 经济计量学Economic Metrology会计职业道德与责任Accounting Ethics and Responsibilities国际会计专题International AccountingSpecial Subject 微观经济学Microeconomics 货币银⾏学Money and Banking。

各专业课程英文翻译(精心整理)生物及医学专业课程汉英对照表应用生物学 Applied Biology 医学技术 Medical Technology细胞生物学 Cell Biology 医学 Medicine生物学 Biology 护理麻醉学 Nurse Anesthesia进化生物学 Evolutionary Biology 口腔外科学 Oral Surgery海洋生物学 Marine Biology 口腔/牙科科学 Oral/Dental Sciences微生物学 Microbiology 骨科医学 Osteopathic Medicine分子生物学 Molecular Biology 耳科学 Otology医学微生物学 Medical Microbiology 理疗学 Physical Therapy口腔生物学 Oral Biology 足病医学 Podiatric Medicine寄生物学 Parasutology 眼科学 Ophthalmology植物生物学 Plant Physiology 预防医学 Preventive Medicine心理生物学 Psychobiology 放射学 Radiology放射生物学 Radiation Biology 康复咨询学 Rehabilitation Counseling理论生物学 Theoretical Biology 康复护理学 Rehabilitation Nursing野生生物学 Wildlife Biology 外科护理学 Surgical Nursing环境生物学 Environmental Biology 治疗学 Therapeutics运动生物学 Exercise Physiology 畸形学 Teratology有机体生物学 Organismal Biology 兽医学 V eterinary Sciences生物统计学 Biometrics 牙科卫生学 Dental Sciences生物物理学 Biophysics 牙科科学 Dentistry生物心理学 Biopsychology 皮肤学 Dermatology生物统计学 Biostatistics 内分泌学 Endocrinology生物工艺学 Biotechnology 遗传学 Genetics生物化学 Biological Chemistry 解剖学 Anatomy生物工程学 Biological Engineering 麻醉学 Anesthesia生物数学 Biomathematics 临床科学 Clinical Science生物医学科学 Biomedical Science 临床心理学 Clinical Psychology细胞生物学和分子生物学 Celluar and Molecular Biology精神病护理学 Psychiatric Nursing力学专业数学分析 Mathematical Analysis 高等代数与几何 Advanced Algebra and Geometry 常微分方程 Ordinary Differential Equation 数学物理方法 Methods in Mathematical Physics 计算方法 Numerical Methods 理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics材料力学 Mechanics of Materials 弹性力学 Elasticity流体力学 Fluid Mechanics 力学实验 Experiments in Solid Mechanics机械制图 Machining Drawing 力学概论 Introduction to Mechanics气体力学 Gas Dynamics 计算流体力学 Computational Fluid Mechanics 弹性板理论 Theory of Elastic Plates 粘性流体力学 V iscous Fluid Flow弹性力学变分原理 V ariational Principles inElasticity 有限元法 Finite Element Method 塑性力学 Introduction of Plasticity经典力学中的数学方法 Mathematical Methods of ClassicalMechanics机器人动力学 Dynamics of Robots 自动控制原理 Principles of Automatic Control 优化计算与最化控制 Optimization and OptimalControl计算机图形学 Computer Graphics 概率与统计 Probability and Statistics专业英语 English for Mechanics 振动理论 Theory of V ibration程序设计方法(C和FORTRAN) Programming in C & FORTRAN水动力学 Hydrodynamics 计算机图象处理 Image Processing光测力学 Photo Mechanics 断裂力学 Fracture Mechanics高等动力学 Advanced Dynamics 摄动方法 Perturbation Methods机械设计与Auto CAD Machinery Designing and AutoCAD信息显示(可视化) V isualization微机原理 Principles of Personal Computer 复变函数 Complex Function企业管理专业管理学 Principles of Management 微观经济学 Microeconomics宏观经济学 Macroeconomics 管理信息系统 Systems of Management Information 产业经济学 Industrial Economics 财务管理 Financial Management项目评估 Projects Appraisal 战略管理 Strategic Management管理沟通 Management Negotiation 国际商务谈判 Negotiation on Business Affairs跨国公司专题研究 Special Researchof multinational corporation国际贸易 InternationalTrade 国际营销研究 International Marketing Research公司组织与管理 Organization and Managementof Corporate战略管理 Strategic Management 生产管理研究 Operation Management企业伦理 Enterprise Ethics 组织行为学 Organizational Behavior运筹学 Operational Research 人力资源管理 Human Resource Management信息管理专业高等数学 Higher Mathematics 信息存储与检索 Information Retrieval andStorage数据库系统 Database 信息服务与用户 information Service and UserStudy 信息管理概论 Introduction to InformationManagement信息经济学 Information Economics 企业信息化工程 Enterprise Informationalization社会实践 Practical Work 信息分析与决策Information Analysis andPolicy Making 管理学原理 Principles of Management 信息政策与法规 Information Policy and Law信息组织 Information Organization 计算机网络 Computer Networks管理信息系统 Management Information System 线性代数 Linear Algebra决策分析 Policy Making 离散数学 Discrete Mathematics概率统计 Statistics and ProbabilityTheory 生产与运作管理 Production Management 电子商务 Electronic Commerce 信息系统安全与保密 Information System Security 政府信息化工程 Government Informationalization广告实务 Practice of Advertisement 多媒体技术 Multimedia操作系统 Operating System 信息科学基础 Foundations of InformationScience 经济信息管理 Economic Information Management 专业英语 Specialty English微机基础 Principles of Microcomputers 文献计量学 Bibliometrics电子出版技术 Electronic Publishing 广告概论 Introduction to Advertisement信息环境论 Information Environments 传播学原理 Principles of CommunicationTheory 知识产权法学 Law of Intelligence Property 组织行为学 Studies of Organization货币银行学专业货币银行学 Money and Banking 管理信息系统 System of Management Information 宏观经济学 Macroeconomics 运筹学 Operational Research策略管理 Strategic Management 保险学 Insurance银行会计 Bank Accounting 管理会计 Managerial Accounting运筹学 Operational Research 国际贸易 International Trade财务管理 Financial Management 国际金融 International Finance租赁与信托 Hiring and Affiancing 证券投资学 Security Analysis and Investment商业银行实务 Practice of Business Bank 国际结算 International Balance项目评估 Projects Appraisal 金融市场学 Financial Marketing人力资源管理 Human Resource Management财务报告分析 Analysis of Financial Statement财务案例分析 Case Analysis of FinancialManagement物理专业热学 Thermodynamics 力学 Mechanics光学 Optics 电磁学 Electromagnetism计算概论 Computing Generality 普通物理实验 General Physics Laboratory固体磁性及应用基础 Magnetism of the Solid Stateand its Application衍射物理（固体结构分析） Diffraction Physics (Structureof Solid Analysis)科研实用软件 Utility Software for ScientificResearch计算机模拟方法 Computer Simulation Methods激光原理、技术与应用 The Principle, Techniqueand Application of Laser材料物理 Materials Physics 近代光学和光电子学 Modern Optics and Optoelectronics 现代固体物理 Modern Solid State Physics 粒子物理 Particle Physics物理宇宙学基础 Elements of Cosmology Physics 固体物理 Solid State Physics原子物理 Atomic Physics 量子力学 Quantum Mechanics理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics 电动力学 Electrodynamics普通物理综合实验 Synthetical Experiments ofGeneral Physics市场营销学专业营销管理 Marketing Management 公共关系 Public Relationship国际贸易 International Trade 消费者行为 Consumer Behavior管理信息系统 Systems of Management Information 营销调研 Marketing Research推销学 Sales Strategies 国际金融 International Finance营销预测与规划 Marketing Forecasting andPlanning销售渠道管理 ales Channels Management 管理学 Principles of Management国际市场营销 International Marketing 商业谈判 Business Negotiation广告管理 Advertising Management 营销案例分析 Case Studies of Marketing国际贸易实务 Practice of InternationalTrade 服务业营销 Service Industry Marketing企业伦理 Enterprise Ethics 新产品开发 New Products Development财务学专业货币银行学 Money and Banking 证券投资学 Security Analysis and Investment 财务报告分析 Analysis of Financial Statement 国际金融 International Finance保险学 Insurance 财务案例分析 Case Analysis of FinanceManagement 国际财务管理 International Financial Management 资产评估 Assets Appraisal项目评估 Projects Appraisal 宏观经济学 Macroeconomics财务管理 Financial Management 管理信息系统 Systems of Management Information 运筹学 Operational Research 策略管理 Strategic Management管理会计 Managerial Accounting 微观经济学 Microeconomics管理学 Principles of Management 微积分 Calculus统计学 Principles of Statistics会计专业会计学 Accounting Principles 成本会计 Cost Accounting管理会计 Managerial Accounting 审计学 Auditing Principles会计信息系统 Accounting Information Systems 投资学 Investment Principles财务管理 Financial Management 货币银行学 Money and Banking财务报告分析 Analysis of Financial Statement 国际金融 International Finance国际会计 International Accounting 统计学 Principle of Stat财税法规与税务会计 Laws and Regulations of Financeand Taxes预算会计 Budget Accounting 会计研究方法 Accounting Research Methods 内部审计与政府审计 Internal Auditing and GovernmentAuditing会计审计实务 Accounting and Auditing Practice 经济计量学 Economic Metrology会计职业道德与责任 Accounting Ethics and Responsibilities国际会计专题 International AccountingSpecial Subject 微观经济学 Microeconomics。

土木工程建筑外文翻译外文文献高层建筑的消防安全设计Fire Safety Design for High-rise BuildingsKeywords: fire safety, high-rise buildings, means of escape, fire resistant materials, fire detection and alarm systems, fire suppression systems, fire risk assessment, emergency plans1. Introduction2. Means of Escape3. Fire Resistant Materials4. Fire Detection and Alarm SystemsEarly detection of a fire is crucial to allow for the safe evacuation of occupants. High-rise buildings should be equipped with fire detection and alarm systems, including smoke detectors, heat detectors, and manual call points. These systems should be interconnected and monitored to ensure prompt notification of a fire.5. Fire Suppression Systems6. Fire Risk AssessmentBefore occupancy, a fire risk assessment should be conducted to identify potential fire hazards and ensure appropriate fire safety measures are in place. This assessment should considerthe building's use, occupant load, and fire resistance ofconstruction materials. Regular fire risk assessments shouldalso be conducted to address any changes in building use or occupancy.7. Emergency PlansHigh-rise buildings should have well-defined emergency plans that outline the actions to be taken in the event of a fire. These plans should include procedures for evacuating occupants, contacting emergency services, and isolating fire-affected areas. Regular drills and training sessions should be conducted to familiarize occupants with the emergency procedures.8. ConclusionFire safety design is critical in high-rise buildings to protect the lives of occupants and minimize property damage. Designers and engineers should consider means of escape, fire resistant materials, fire detection and alarm systems, fire suppression systems, fire risk assessments, and emergency plans when designing a high-rise building. By implementing these measures effectively, the risk of fire-related incidents can be significantly reduced.。