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本科毕业论文（设计）题目：论简奥斯汀作品《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情与婚姻LOVE AND MARRIAGE IN JANE AUSTEN’S WORK—PRIDE AND PREJUDICEA thesisSubmitted to the School of Foreign LanguageShenyang Normal UniversityIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree ofBachelor of ArtsBy Yang XiwenUnder the Supervision ofZhang LinApril 2009ABSTRACTJane Austen is one of the most remarkable women novelists in the world. As an authoress in the eighteenth century in England, she had a sensible idea on love and marriage. On her whole life, she wrote six novels: Northerner Abbey, Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, and Persuasion, which describes various kinds of characters and their everyday life. Pride and Prejudice, one of the well-known novels in the history of the English literature, was published in 1813. The story talks about trivial matters of love, marriage and family life between country squires and fair ladies in Britain in the 18th century. Through the description of the daily talks and doings of young men and women, Austen pointed their characteristics. All of the characters had different experiences, and acted in different ways. However, they had a common pursuit, that‘s ‗good marriage‘. This paper is to make an analysis of four marriages in Pride and Prejudice and discuss the deep outlook for their marriage in the light of social background at the time. In describing the characters‘everyday life and one marriage after another, Austen expressed her sensible view on it clearly. In her opinion, money was essential to a marriage while the equality in social status would increase the possibility of the marriage, but what affected the marriage most were manners. According to her, it was the good manners that united the heroes and heroines. Compared with the social scene on marriage nowadays, maybe her view was so restricted. But during her time, her view was so advanced that it was not accepted widely. On summary, we can find the author‘s ideaabout marriage from the analysis: marriage, property and social status interconnected, but not absolutely.Key Words: Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, analysis, marriage毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。
Analysis of the Relationships between Money and Marriage in Pride and PrejudiceApplicant: CHANG H~Supervisor: DENG L ~~Faculty: College of Foreign LanguagesJ~ UniversityJuly 3, 2010Jishou University摘要简·奥斯汀的代表作《傲慢与偏见》写于1813年,一直以来很受欢迎,并被广泛阅读。
当时特殊的历史时代,决定了那个时候的人们对金钱特别看重,同时也影响了人们对婚姻的看法。
简·奥斯汀以女性独有的细腻的笔触描写了她那个时代的金钱、爱情及婚姻。
这篇论文主要向大家讲述了生活在那个时代的几对青年的婚姻与金钱的关系,分别是柯斯林和夏洛特,莉迪亚和威克姆,彬格莱和简，达西和伊丽莎白。
通过描写金钱在婚姻中的这些典型的例子都证实了金钱在婚姻中的地位,更强调了婚姻中情感交流的重要性。
本文通过探讨小说中个人对婚姻的不同追求,透视了婚姻的实质-婚姻是一种生存联盟。
关键词：金钱; 婚姻; 爱情AbstractJane Austen’s represent work--- Pride and Prejudice, written in 1813, was a popular novel and had been spread through the world. The particular times Jane lived made people pay a very special attention to money, which had influenced their appointments on marriage to a degree. Seeing in a unique vision of women’s, Jane Austen had vivid described love, money, marriage in that times. This paper is mainly talking about several young women and men, who got into the relationships of money and marriage, Collins and Charlotte, Wickham and Lydia, Bingley and Jane, Darcy and Elizabeth. In one hand, by setting typical examples from the book, the author affirmed the importance of money in marriage; on thene other hand, she stressed us that feeling communication is more importance than money in it. By discussing the roles’ different pursues of marriage, this paper tell us the substance of marriage in that times is a union of beneficiation.Key words: money; marriage; loveContentsIntroduction (1)1. Background of Austen (1)2 Background of Pride and Prejudice (1)3. Four Marriages and the Suggestion of Money and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice (2)3.1 Concepts about Money and Marriage in the Society (2)3.2 Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice (2)3.2.1 Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage (3)3.2.2 Wickham and Lydia’s Marriage (3)3.2.3 Bingley a nd Jane’s Marriage (4)3.2.4 Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage (4)Conclusion (5)Bibliography (6)IntroductionPride and Prejudice，the book talked about commonplace things and ordinary people, is one of Jane Austen’s most famous work, which has been the representative of realistic literature. The novel has vividly described some special sensitive characteristics of females and the lives and ideas of middle class social relations in Jane's time.The novel took young people’s marriages as the thread and it coverd the inheritance of fortune, women’s social status, ethics and customs. Being the masterpiece of Jane Austen, it got a favor of literary lovers at the same time.This paper is going to make some analyses of money and marriage in Pride and Prejudice and we can see money matters in every one of them.1. Background of Austen“Jane Austen (1775-1717) was born in Hampshire, a country priest family located in Hants, the village of Kingston, Sidemen in north England. She was a beautiful, talented and middle class woman with extraordinary temperament and good cultivation. Her six novels---Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Manshifeierde manor, Emma, Persuasion all describe more than marriage.”(Wang Shouren, P64, 2005)However, her marriage is like a blank paper in her 42 years real lifetime. When she was 26, she accepted a proposal by a man much younger and richer than her. But she declined him next day because she knew she did not love the man. She remained single all her life after that.2. Background of Pride and PrejudiceIn this book, the author amply demonstrates her point about money and marriage. For that, to analyze these points of views, it is necessary for us firstly started from her great work."At that time, according to the social condition in Britain, a good marriage for ayoung woman was critical. This phenomenon was closely associated with the British society and the status of the status of women in the society. In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society. There was on equality between women and men." (Zhu Hong, P34, 1997). The main life of women was forced to be staying at home, their roles were to deal with the family affairs, taking care of children and serving for their husband. Patient and deferent were the virtues of women. At that time, there were three solutions for middle-class young women: getting married, staying at home as old maids or working as the family female teachers. Since the income and status of family female teacher was very low and on one would like to be a maid forever, therefore, in terms of young women, especially those who were not rich, to get married was the only way for them to gain respect, stability and poi status.3. Four Marriages and the Suggestion of Money and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice3.1 Concept about Money and Marriage in the SocietyIt shows us the ordinary lives, deeming of the ordinary people. By the describing about people's daily activities, the author gave us a panorama of the social customs. The marriage in this cool reflects the author's point of view in positive way that married should be based on true love. However, we can find some negative example of marriage via based on money, which help to make the plots, more tortuous and richer.3.2 Four Marriages in Pride and PrejudiceMoney and marriage are two important and closely-connected themes in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice.According to Jane Austen, love is more than money in marriage. But money is also an important issue. As indicated in the first line of the book it is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. So the proper time for men to settle is after they get enough money. Because middle-class women usually don’t go out to work and ontheir husbands finally, they are more concerned with money during courtship. There are four marriages in this book and we will see it from deeper eyes.3.2.1 Collins and Charlotte’s MarriageIn Pride and Prejudice, the first part is the marriage or Collins and Charlotte’s. Charlotte is Elizabe th’s close friend and six older then her. Elizabeth was abashed that Charlotte would marry such a pathetic, social climbing man as Mr. Collins, just so that can have economic and social security. “可靠的储藏室，日后可以挨冻受饥”（Wang Keyi,P87,1990）we can say that the marriage between Charlotte and Hollings is totally a trade of money.Collins inherited his father’s property and got a position as a clergyman in his parish by the promotion of Mrs. De. Dear. For those reason, he got his own house and received a quiet considerable salary. Here, we should get .our thought back to Austen’s times. In that time’ women’s eyes, holiness was actually a proper single young man to be married with. And he himself really indeed in wants of a wife to help him deal with housework and company with him. Old and not very rich as she was, Charlotte wanted a prosperous husband. After Elizabeth refused Collins’ proposal, she knew she must catch this chance and try to make Collins “fall in love” with her.Collins and Charlotte’s marriage is a speedy one. It seemed did not conform to the traditional marriage manner. They used money gloss over their embarrassed. In the Lucas’s eyes, it’s a pretty good thing that their oldest girl married such a “well welfare” as Mr. Collins.3.2.2 Wickham a nd Lydia’s MarriaLydia was the youngest girl of the Bennett’s. She was very young, but grown up very quickly. Early-maturing and coquet as she was, Lydia enjoyed herself very much flirting with young and good-looking officers. When Wickham went to Bealeton with the army, she also went there as she got the invitation from the regimental commander’s young wife. Wickham’s eloquence and handsome appearance had had attracted her. So she went with him without thinking of twice.Their “elopement” made the Bennett’s in shame. To get out of this shameful situation, the Bennett’s thought Wickham must get married with Lydia. However, itwas not Wickham’s mean from beginning to the end. He promised to marry her in addition that Darcy would pay off his debts, which the number was more than 10,000 pounds. He also asked Darcy find him a job in the army. Darcy did it, to save the reputation of the Bennett’s or more actually we can say Elizabeth’s.On the appearance, Wickham and Lydia’s marriage was based on “love” or “sex”. But when search deep within their marriage, we find that it is more likely a trade of money. Wickham eloped with Lydia to extort the Bennett’s and agreed to marry Lydia only after getting paid by Darcy. At first this marriage is kind of girlish fever to Lydia and she dose not think too much about money, however, after marriage she often asks financial assistance from Elizabeth. So we can deduce that if there was no money, there was no Wickham and Lydia’s marriage.3.2.3 Bingley and Jane’s MarriageBingley and Jane’s Marriage was mainly based on their love. They felt in love with each other at the first sight. But they love did not develop very thoughtfully. For a long time, they were separated from each other without knowing anything of the others. So for what this pair of lover had to be apart? The strongest answer is money. Compared with Bingley, Jane was poor and had some unconformable relations. Jane’s status didn’t match their brother; more importantly, she couldn’t bring them any benefits. Then Bingley’s sister tried their best to prevent Bingley and Jane’s connection. Though Bingley made determined to marry Jane after they got together for the second time, their love wasn’t growing without a hitch. Anyhow, in the middle of the book Bingley estranges Jane for sometime because of her lower station and not rich enough.3.2.4 Darcy and Elizabeth’s MarriageDarcy and Elizabeth’s marriage was similar with Begley and Jane’s to a degree. They did combine because of love, but not purely because of love.It is generally accepted that Elizabeth begins to love Darcy when she first visit Pemberley and feels it will to be something to be mistress of this huge estate. She is impressed by money as well as taste. After all, few men have a magnificent estate to impress their lovers. When Lydia and Wick ham elope, Darcy saved the fame of theBennett’s by buying Wick ham into marrying Lydia. This helped his second proposal. Darcy can do this easily because that sum is no big deal compared to his 10,000 pounds annual income. Two true lovers who complete one another make a good match; with a fortune they make a perfect one.ConclusionAs indicted in the first line of the book: it is a truth that a single man in possession of s good fortune must be in want of a wife. The key words in this sentence are “possession” and “want”. Here “in want of” means objective “need”, not subjective “want”, that makes the title be more objective in reality.And Pride and Prejudice is beginning from this. Marriage in Pride and Prejudice is absolutely seldom referring to feelings; it is much more likely to be a pure problem of economy and living.The author also discussed some something about women’s right in the novel. But seen from the whole story, the author explored the relationship of marriage under the capitalist society, which is filled with desire of occupying. It is no use to condemn those kinds of marriages in moral. In a word, it was the economy, money master people’s life, fate and marriage. Austen had a particular eye in finding the truth: the substance of capitalist marriage is a trade of money and benefit.Bibliography[1] Hatfield E, Walster G W. A New Look at Love[M]. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1981: 9.[2] Lawrence Stone, The Family’s and Marriage in England 1500-1800 .Penguin Books,1979:181～183[3] Sternberg R J, Grajek S. The Nature of Love[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1984, 47, (2): 312-329.[4] Sternberg R J. A Triangular Theory of Love[J]. Psychological Review, 1986, 93, (2): 119-135.[5] 季念.婚恋的追求与需要的层次———《傲慢与偏见》中婚恋观的人本主义心理学解读[J]. 衡阳师范学院学报(社会科学版), 2004, 25，(4): 92-95.[6] 李银河，女性权力的崛起，北京：中国社会科学出版社，1997.[7] 李桂梅.略论现代中西婚姻基础[J].伦理学研究,2006,7:8[8] 裘乐英. 论简·奥斯丁的婚姻观[D]. 浙江: 浙江大学硕士学位论文, 2004.[9]王守仁. 英国文学选读北京：高等教育出版社2005[10]朱虹（编）. 英国小说的黄金时代, 北京：中国社会科学出版社1997。
简•奥斯汀(1775—1817)是英国文学史上一位非常出色的女性作家。
她在短暂的一生中虽然主要创作了六部作品，但这丝毫没影响她在文学史上的地位。
她的作品主题都是爱情与婚姻，而最能反映出她的婚姻观的就要数《傲慢与偏见》了，《傲慢与偏见》以班特家5个女儿的爱情婚姻为基点，通过对四段婚姻的分析，体现出作者的爱情婚姻观。
爱情、金钱、社会地位、性格等都是婚姻中必须要考虑的因素，爱情和相互尊重是婚姻的基础，但金钱也为婚姻稳定提供了条件，婚姻是个严肃的问题，综合考虑各种因素的爱情婚姻才是幸福的。
这种婚姻观对当时和现在的社会都有着深远的影响。
本文主要通过对人物性格及其婚姻进行分析，探索作者所倡导的正确婚姻观。
主要分为三个部分：第一部分主要分析作者所生活的时代背景以及其生活经历；第二部分着重通过对小说人物形象和他们的婚姻的分析，揭示作者的婚姻观；第三部分主要讨论作者的婚姻观以及这种婚姻观对我们的启示和影响。
通过查阅大量文献，结合作者的生活经历，总结出作者以爱情为基础的婚姻观，提出婚姻在我们每个人的一生中都占有重要的位置，它关系着我们是否能够幸福快乐的生活，选择好自己的婚姻对象自然尤为重要。
其中，爱情是基础。
简•奥斯汀的婚姻观给了我们重大启示，为我们寻找幸福的婚姻指明了方向，而且对女性独立自由意识的觉醒也有重要影响。
关键词：《傲慢与偏见》；婚姻；爱情；金钱；启示AbstractJane Austen (1775 —1817) is one of the most excellent female writers ofEnglish literature. Although in her short life, Austen only created six works,her effect in literary world has n ever cha nged. The theme of all her no velsis love and marriage, and among all, Pride and Prejudice is the work that can best reflect Jane Austen ' s views of marriage. Pride and Prejudice mainly focuses on the love and marriage of five girls from Bennet. The novel reflects the author ' s views on love marriage: love, money, status and character.Marriage should be based on love and respect, and in addition, money provides the practical foundation for the stability of the marriage. Taking all of the factors into con siderati on, we can establish a happy marriage.This thesis aims at exploring Jane Austen ' s marital views by analyzingthe personality and marriages of the characters in the novel. It can be dividedinto three parts: the first part deals with the background of the society and Jane Austen ' s life experienee; the second part deals with the analysis of the main characters and their marriage with the aim of revealing the writer ' s views on marriage; the last part focuses on the effect and inspiration fromJane Austen ' s view on marriage. Wecan get the conclusion that marriage plays an importa nt role in our lives, since it has a lot to do with our happ in ess.Choosing a suitable partner for marriage means a lot; therefore, love should be put on thefirst place. Jane Austen ' s views of marriage give us much inspiration, it can also rouse female ' s sense of independence and freedom.Key words : Pride and Prejudice ; marriage; love; inspirationContentsAbstract(Chinese) ...................................................................... .iAbstract(En glish) ............................................................. .. (ii)Conten ts ...........................................................................iiiIn troductio n2.0The backgro und of society and Jane Austen ..................... ... . (2)3.0 Four differe nt marriages in Pride andPrejudice (3)3.1 El i z a b e t h and Darcy ' sm a r r i age .................. ... ............................ ................ .. (3)4.1Perfect marriage based on true love4.2Happy marriage based on sense and similar in terest…... .... .7 4.3Pathetic marriage based on money or ben efits........ . •....• (7)4 . 4 A b s u r d m a r r i age based on lust and van ity (8)4.5 Jane Austen ' s views on marriage ............................ 8 3.2 Jane and Bin gleys marriage … ........................... .. ……..4 3 . 3C h a l o t t e and C o l l i n ' s ma r r i age .... ..5 3 . 4 L y d i a a nd W i c k h am ' smar r i age...6 4.0A nalysis and un dersta ndings of the fourmarriages (6)1.0.15.0 The inspiration from Jane Austen' s views onmarriage ........ ........... . (9)6.0Conclusion .......................................... .. (10)Acknowledgements ....................................................................... ..11 Refere nces ............................................................... ....... ...... • ••12Appe ndix: Thesis Proposal1.0 In troductio nJane Auste n was born in a middle class family in 1775, and she spe nd her whole life in the coun tryside, she was so fasc in ated with the peaceful and ease life in countryside. Although she was unmarried the whole life, the theme of her novels were love and marriage, basically, the love and marriage between a gentleman and a fairy lady. Her best-known works are Emma1815), Pride and Prejudice (1813) and Sense and Sensibility (1811).The novel talks about four different marriages: Collin and Challote ' s marriage which is based on money; Lydia and Wickham s marriage which is based on lust; Jane and Bin gley ' s marriage which is based on sen se, Elizabeth and Darcy' s marriage which is basedon love. Which weighs the most in marriage, love, possessi on, or social status? Jane Auste n has differe nt attitude and descripti on about the four marriages. The first sentence in this no vel is impressive. It says: “ It is a truth uni versally ack no wledged that a sin glemanin possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. ” The undertone is very clear: the foundation of the marriage at that time is not love but possessi on, but Jane Auste n tells us a differe nt story.The main story of this no vel happe ns betwee n Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy. Elizabeth Bennet is a 20-year-old young lady. She is her father's favourite daughter and in herits his in tellige nee and wisdom. Darcy is a pride and kind gentleman with great fortune. Although, they were not attracted by each other at the very beg inning, because they all have somecompla ints about the other, Elizabeth loathes Darcy' s arroganee, and she also has somemisunderstandings on him, Darcy thi nks Elizabeth is a very proud girl, and her families leave an awful impressi on on him. Butat last, they fall in love and have a happy marriage. What cha nges their attitude towards each other? Because the pride and prejudice betwee n them is long gone. They fin ally know each other deeply and accept each other. Their marriage is rooted in their love and respect.Comparing with other marriages in the story, Elizabeth and Darcy ' s marriageis the perfect one. The story reflects the author ' s marriage view: it is wrong to marry justfor the possessi on, I ust and positi on. She emphasizes theimportanee of the ideal marriage that we should marry for love and emotion.Elizabeth and Darcy have a happy ending not only because of their love, but to some extent, Darcy' s property provides them the material need. From this we can see the author ' s views: marriage is based on love, but property and positi on should be take n into acco un t. In moder n society, a lot of people marriage for money and social status, sometimes, it leads to a sad ending.I th ink, no matter whe n, Jane Auste n ' s views on marriage are of great valuein lead ing us to the ideal marriage.My thesis con sists of three chapters. The first chapter deals with thebackground of the society and Jane Austen ' s life experienee, and how does those factors in flue nee her writ in gs; the sec ond chapter reveal the authors views on marriage and the sta ndard of the ideal marriage advocated by Jane Auste n through an alyz ing the characters and their marriage in the story; the last chapter talks about the conditions of the modern marriage and howto found the ideal marriage from the inspiration of Jane Austen ' s view on marriage.2.0 The backgro und of the society and Jane Auste nIn 18th and 19th centuries, the England society ' s had serious social problems. One of the severest of these was the tendency to marry for mon ey.A pers on sought a part ner based on the dowry receivable and their allowa nee.In the 19 th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones inthe prese nt society. There was no equality betwee n woma n and man. Wome n wereconsidered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity. Thecen tral life of wome n was forced to be stay ing at home. Their roles were todeal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband. This process went both ways: a beautiful womanmight be able to snag a rich husba nd, or a charri ng and han dsome man could woo a rich young girl. In these marriages, mon eywas the on ly con sideratio n. Love was left out, with the thought that it would develop as the years went by. Jane Austen(December 16, 1775--July 18, 1817), an outstanding female novelist of British, was born in the village of Steve nton, n ear Bas in gstoke, in Hampshire. Her father is the local vicar. She did not have the normal schooling, but she got good education from family's literature teaching. From the end of the 18thcen tury to the early 19th cen tury, “ the sen time nt no vel ” and “ the gothicnovel ” were the themes of English li terature, while Austen made a differentway. Most of her works were about roma ntic love. That might have someth ing to do with her failure in marriage. Jane Austen was unmarried her whole life, but she had fallen in love with a young man. Their love was pure and faithful. However, this young man had to submit to the marriage that his aunt arranged for him, because he was un der lots of burde n from family. Then Jane broke up with him, since she did not want to stand in the way of the young man s future, and also in her opinion, marriage should be based on love. She loved no one else after that. That is the reason why she was unmarried all her life. So she put all her feelings in creating romantic and happy marriages.3.0 Four differe nt marriages in Pride and Prejudice3.1Elizabeth and Darcy ' s marriageOnceMr. Qian Zhongshu has compared marriage to a castle, but I don' t think this marriage theory is suitable for Darcy and Elizabeth. The marriage is tortuous between them but deep-rooted of love based. As weall know, Elizabeth and Darcy left a quite bad impressi on on each other at the beg inning. Elizabeth thinks Darcy is in sole nt and arroga nt, and Darcy does not like Elizabeth because of Elizabeth ' s social class and her indecent relatives. But Darcy fin ally real ized Elizabeth's precious ness, and Elizabeth ' s prejudice and mis un dersta ndings towards Darcy are gone. They deeply in love and possess a won derful marriage at last. Their love and marriage are tortuous and kind of mysterious. I will analysis their marriage start with analyzing the two characters.Elizabeth Bennet is a person who is worth our imitation. She is a model because she is differe nt from the others. She does not adhere rigidly to the sta ndards set forth by society, she is self-relia nt and in depe ndent. She is wit and intelligent. Most of the girls married in pursuit of money and fame at that time, even her best friend Chalotte who married a rich manfor changing her poor conditions. However, Elizabeth is not submit to this moodof society. She would never violate her principle and her integrity. She is like the purelotus that lives in mudbut never contaminated by the dirty. That is the reason why she rejects Mr. Collin's proposal, because she would not marry without love. On the other hand, she does nottotally disregard social costumes. She has good manners; her slight breach of decorum isjustified by walking alone to Nether field Park to visit her sister who is ill with her genuine concern.Shehas good manners. WhenLady Catherine criticizes Elizabeth skill of playing pia no, she can have good manners to keep polite. Mr. Darcy is pride on the surface, but we know he is warm-hearted. He is a good frie nd, he is afraidthat Mr. Bin gley would be cheated and hurt by Jane, although he is proved wrong later. He is a good brother; he takes care of his youn ger sister very well.He is kind; he helps Wickham and Lydia with money even though he was misunderstood by Elizabeth because of Wickham ' s rumors. The two people ' s personalities are clear and sharp. At the first time, Elizabeth and her sistersgo to attend the ball held in Meryton, and she is coldly treated by Darcy, but she uses her healthy sense of humor to joke about Mr. Darcy' s rude behavior at the ball. Darcy is handsome, tall, and intelligent, but not convivial, his in differe nt manners are see n by many as an excessive pride and concern for social status. He makes a poor impressi on on stra ngers, but he is valued by those who know him well. He gradually finds out Elizabeth ' s intelligenee, wisdomand beauty. Hebegins pursuing her. However, at the beginning, Elizabeth rejects his love expressi on, because she does not like him, eve n looks dow n on him though Darcy loves her very much. In Elizabeth ' s eyes, Darcy is arrogant and un reas on able because he is rich and has high social status. Realiz ing that, Darcy beg ins to get rid of those bad habits quietly. Because of Darcy' s perfect behavior and good education, Elizabeth gradually eliminates the prejudice on Darcy. Most importantly, the misunderstanding, prejudice and pride are disappearing as they knoweach other better and better. Then they spontaneously fall in love. So Elizabeth accept Darcy ' s proposal at the second time, thenthey get married and have happy family lives.3.2Jane and Bin gley ' s marriageIn this no vel, the comb in ati on of pleasa nt Bin gley and mild Jane is oneof the most blessed and happy marriages. The couple has similar interests and they insist onpursuing their true love which leads them to a happy and perfect marriage. Mr. Bin gley was a han dsome and gen tlema n with great fortune. As a young man who is well-bred, he was cordial and simple. With this character he never appeared dissatisfied. He is easy to get along and constant in love although he is extremely rich. However he is in short of strength andin depe ndence in his marriage which is a big weak ness of him .In this story, Bingley is popular with almost everybody in everywhere. Jane is the oldest children in her family. She is an amiable and mild girl who possesses the most beautiful appearanee amongher sisters. As an introverted girl, she is faithful in love but lacks stre ngth and self-c on fide nee. She is too shy to profess herlove towards Bin gley, nor admit it, thought she has feeli ngs for Bin gley atthe time they met. Sometimes she is a little innocent. In her eyes, everybody is ni ce. She n ever see through the rotte n side of life eve n she is deceived.Her character is vividly showed in many parts of the novel. So it seems quite natural for Jane to fall in love with the pleasant and simple Bingley. Theymeet each other at the ball, they are attracted by each other at the firstsight, and they dance and talk together. As times goes by, their feelings toeach other are getting stronger. But Jane has no courage to express her love,she buries it in heart and for Bingley, he is not a strong and determined man. This is his adva ntage but also his disadva ntage. His cordial and simple character causes his quiet romanee with Jane. However, his weak and easily-led character causes his departure from Jane. He sudde nly leaves Jane whe n their roma nee goes smoothly, which n early put his pure love and marriage in end.To a great extent, Binley left Jane because of Darcy ' s misunderstandings onJane. They establish a steady and con sta nt frie ndship although they have totally different characters. Darcy wants to help his friend. In his opinion, it is impossible for Jane to love Bin gley. He thi nks Jane love Bi ngley because Bin gley is rich, but Bin gley ' s love for Jane is pure. He does n ' t want hisbest frie nd get hurt. So he persuades Bin gley to stay away from Jane and she is not a good marriage option. But they do love each other.During those days when Jane stays in London at Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner ' s in vitati on, she visits Bin gley ' s sister in pers on in or der to get somein formatio n of Mr. Bin gley. At last, they get together after themisun dersta nding betwee n Elizabeth and Darcy disappears. So the love and marriage between Jane and Bingley is pure and stable. They fall in love at first sight heartily. Their marriage is kind of tortuous just like Elizabeth and Darcy ' s, but the true love won ' t stop them from being together.3.3Chalotte and Collin ' s marriageCharlotte and Colli ns ' s marriage is the most realistic one in the story . Their marriage is based on moneyin stead of love. Charlotte is the best frie nd of Elizabeth, but they are very different in the choice of marriage. Chalotte ' s parents, like the Bennet couple, can ' t give her much fortune,and she is as sen sible and in tellige nt as Elizabeth, but her pursuit forspiritual happ in ess is not as strong as that of Elizabeth. In additi on, Chalotte is a plaingirl who is a little bit prude nt. As a woma n who is 26 years old, her choice of marriage is entirely out of realistic consideration.Whe n she first meets Colli ns, she sees his folly. Whe n he asks her to marry him, she also clearly knows that Colli ns is certa inly not a reas on able pers on.But she immediately says “yes” , because “Marriage has always been her aim, what kind of man she is going to marry as i s less important ”，marrying a rich man can shelter her from sufferi ng poverty. She thi nks money can bring her sense of security. William Colli ns, a man of 29 years old, is Mr. Benn et's dista nt relatives, since Mr. Bennet has no son; Colli ns becomes the heir toBennets' estate. Jane Austen describes him as “not a sensible man, and thedeficie ncy of n ature had bee n but little assisted by educati on or society .In formed that the eldest daughter Jane has a boyfrie nd, he switches his aim at the sec ond daughter Elizabeth, but Elizabeth has no feeli ngs for him, what' s more, Elizabeth gets tired of him. Eventually, she rejects him with sharp ton gue. However, Colli ns quickly seeks comfort fromCharlotte who is desperately in n eed of love from a male and believes marriage is the elega nt way to save a poor girl from sufferi ng, and the n they get married as quickly as the lightning. Such marriage without love is too practical and realistic, so it is a kind of superficial marriage without happ in ess.Marriage is just a task for them, but Colli ns couples get what they want from marriage: Charlotte gets the stability and prosperity of life; Colli ns also gets a warm home. This is how they un dersta nd marriage. There is no loveand same in terests betwee n them; their marriage is based on ben efits. Althoughthey get what they want, marriage without love is not happy and stable.3.4Lydia and Wickham ' s marriageLydia, Benn ett's third daughter, is a simple, frivolous, vanity girl. She is kee n on social n etwork ing at an early age, enjoying con tact ing with Merry'sofficers, and even feels proud of it. “Whenever anyone urg es, she will beput in to anyon e's arms. Her feeli ngs are always kept rolli ng, swing ” . Wickhamis a han dsome, actual moral, luxurious, and treacherous man. At first, he seduces wealthy Miss Darcy, but his con spiracy fails. After joined the regime nt, he first does everyth ing to please Elizabeth, and the n pursues wealthy MissKim, fin ally elopes with Lydia. Then, he gets into debt. So, he n eeds money and becomerich and changes his social status through marriage. For his purpose, he seduces Lydia and wins her love easily, because she is young, innocent and frivolous, and loves to go ease and hates to work hard, and she is also spoiled by her mother. Gett ing love and praise from a man is what she dreams of. So whe n Wickham wan ts to reach his aim —gett ing wealth by lovi ng and exalt ing her beauty hypocritically, she forgets who she is and feels she is the most beautiful and happiest girl in the world. Their love is forbidden by the parents, and then they elope. WhenElizabeth hears the news, she believes that he does not love her but the wealth of her family. The marriage is admitted on the con diti on of Darcy's help. Their marriage is con sidered as a sca ndal toBennett ' s fa mily. But Mrs. Bennet is not shameful of this marriage. The marriage betwee nLydia and Wickham is con diti on al. Thanks to Darcy's help, they get married and continue their lives. This kind of marriage is doomed to be unstable. After marriage, they are extravagant; just enjoy the pleasure at the moment, never considering their future. They always ask Jane or Elizabeth for help, counting on their support to pay bills. Wickham's love for Lydia soon suffer a disastrous decli ne, fin ally he is in differe nee to Lydia. They get what they want: Lydia gets erotic satisfaction; Wickham, he also getsthe wealth; but their marriage is not satisfactory. This is howthey understand marriage.4.0 An alysis and un dersta ndings of the four marriages4.1Perfect marriage based on true loveElizabeth and Darcy ' s marriage is intricate but is the ideal marriage because their love is based on love, they cherish each other, they tolerate each other, and of course after marring Darcy who has great fortune, Elizabeth ' s life and social status are improved, and their marriage gets material security, but at first, Elizabeth refuses the rich man- Mr. Colli ns ' proposal without any hesitation because she does not and will never love him,from Elizabeth ' s perspective, marriage without love wi ll never be happy. Elizabeth has a deep un dersta nding of all the things around her. She has a clear understanding about her own social status. Because of this, she resists extremely aga inst the arroga nee of Darcy, and she tries to protect herself from being hurt by Darcy's in sole nt attitude. She believes that she must make him know that she is not woozy. The ultimate failure wakes Darcy up. He is aware of his own short- comings. He accepts Elizabeth ' s criticism, and faithfully corrects the shortco mings and mistakes. He is no Ion ger arroga nt and has a faithful love with Elizabeth. I remember when the sister asksElizabeth how she would love Mr. Darcy, Elizabeth replies that she should date from the day she see the beautiful lane manor park. The statement seems to refer to the possession of Darcy. In addition to referring to the specific manor, she also refers the new Darcy seen in the garden.Elizabeth is a wise girl; she un dersta nds that marriage invo Ives many factors, such as love, personality, status, property. Among all, love is essential to marriage, which is the author ' s views on marriage that reflected in this no vel. We should take marriage seriously; impulse will destroy some one s happy marriage. Having a clear un dersta nding about the pers onyou are going to marriage is vital. Whether you can live a better life both physically and men tally is importa nt to your marriage. That is to say, allthe factors should be take n in to con siderati on carefully. Those are the reas ons why Elizabeth and Darcy ' s marriage is the perfect one in the story.4.2Happy marriage based on sense and similar in terestsJane and Bin gley ' s marriage is also rooted in pure love, and also theirconcern for each other. It seems that their characters are quite suitable for each other. It seems that only their marriage invo Ives purest love with notint of money at all. Then why is not Bin gley penn iless but a “ young man of large fortune ” ? This arrangement can also reflect author ' s views on marriage. Love is esse ntial for marriage, and money is also plays an importa nt role in marriage. Accord ing to the relati on ship betwee n Bin gley and Jane love and similar interests are also the basic factors of a successful and happy marriage. With many similarities in character people can un dersta nd each other easily.Above all, their un dersta ndings lead to helps and support ing betwee n them.They can live happily together in this way. They don' t care about the shortcomings of their partners and even they don ' t see any faults in each other. Just as the old saying going “ Birds of a feather flock together people of a mi nd fill into the same group ” .4.3Pathetic marriage based on money or ben efitsChalotte and Colli ns ' s marriage is kind of bey ond our expectati ons. Atthat time, a girl from the low class, who has no pretty appearance and goodeducation, takes marriage as the only way to change their situations. JaneAuste n objects this marriage that based on ben efits. Maybelots of people feelpity for the females who lived in that age, but in no time should we makesuch hasty decisionabout our marriage. Manydo play an important role in marriage, but a marriage without love which is just based on money won ' t be pleasant, at last, people will get hurt from the painful marriage. Once I read a storyfrom a magaz ine, a girl from a poor family married a rich man, she almost didnothing rather than shopping and seeking pleasures, she squandered her husband' s money so quickly, later, the man got tired of her, they divorced.The woma n lost the source of mon ey, but she has gotte n used to the luxurious life, she can' t live independently. At last, she tried to blackmail somerich manand ended in jail. This is a tragedy; girls should be independent and marry the person who really loves you just like you love him. So Chalotte andColli ns ' s marriage is doomedto be un happy, Chalotte once said to Elizabeth ,“ I am not romantic, you know; I never was, I ask only a comfortable home;and con sideri ng Mr. Colli ns ' character, conn ecti ons, and situati on in life,I am convin ced that my cha nee of happ in ess with him is as fair as most people can boast on entering the marriage state. ” (Pride and Prejudice , 144) Therefore, Charlotte seems to have found some kind of satisfaction andhapp in ess in her marriage without any love. It is in terest ing that in sucha marriage based on mon ey-tra nsacti on, the woma n from poor family does marrya single man with a good fortune, but the husband himself has nothing to dowith the enjoyment the marriage bring to her.4.4Absurd marriage based on lust and vanityThe comb in ati on of Lydia and Wickhamis absurd. Her admiratio n to Wickham is entirely up to his “ handsomeface, comely shape and charming talk ” . Their relatio nship is en tirely built on lust and impulse without love foun dati on.Their marriage is neither practical nor romantic. Lydia and Wickham smarriage is built on sex lust and impulse. It is kind of ridiculous. They treat their marriage so carelessly, it is impossible for them to get a happy marriage. Lydia is attracted by Wickham s handsomesurf ace at first. As a flippant girl, she seeks sexual pleasure. Then they make a rashdecision to get married. This marriage is one without love. They don ' t understand the real meaning of marriage; they only want to satisfy their aspiration. So this is a kind of impromptu love and marriage without true love and responsibility.4.5Jane Austen ' s views on marriageAfter reading the novel, we can see that people ' s views on marriage inEn gla nd at that time. In the 18th ce ntury, women on ged for marrying a gen tlema n who possessed con siderable wealth and high social status. Love, seems count for nothing. This was because at that time, women were forbidden from in heriti ng the possessi on. Marring a rich man was their only way to live a decent life after their fath ers ' death. That is the reason why Mrs. Bonnetis crazy to marry her daughters off. However, Austen has her own idea. She also emphasizes love. From her perspective, happy marriage is equal to “ love + wealth + equal social status ” . Marriage should be based on love and trust. People can' t just marry someonefo r whomhe/she has no feelings at all. Austen also points that wealth and social status put great importa nee on marriage.Austen casts her criticism to the dark fact that people ' s attention is onlyon pr operty and high social status. In Austen ' s eyes, marriage without loveis con temptuous. Weknow Elizabeth and Darcy, also Jane and Bin gley, both have a happy marriage. From these two cases, we can find out what kind of marriage Jane Auste n prefers--- love is basic; eno ugh wealth, good behaviors and equalsocial status are all n ecessary. These two examples are exactly the right explanation of Austen' s outlook on marriage. T o draw a conclusion, in thenovel Pride and Prejudice , Austen casts her criticism to people who take wealth and high social states as the only factors in marriage, with neglecting love. She expresses her views on marriage that marriage should be built on love but at the same time should take wealth, characters and social status intocon side ratio n. I thi nk Auste n' s outlooks on marriage are well worth our deepcon siderati on eve n today.。
《傲慢与偏见》中经济对婚姻的影响The economic influence on marriage in Pride and Prejudice拓振乐西安翻译学院外国语学院 710105摘要：简·奥斯丁在代表作《傲慢与偏见》中，由于对年轻那女的爱情故事，反应出了作者本人的婚姻观：为了财产，金钱，和地位而结婚是错误的。
而结婚不考虑上述因素也是愚蠢的。
因此，引出作者对当时英国的经济，和对妇女的不平等作出强烈的批判。
本文通过分析达西与伊莉莎白，反映吃女性迫于经济，在婚姻问题上处于被动，不平等的地位，最终说明经济地位决定着婚姻的关系。
关键词：婚姻金钱不平等感情Abstract：Jane Austen in the masterpiece" Pride and Prejudice", due to the young girl's love story, reflects the author's own marriage : to property, money, and status of marriage is wrong. The marriage did not consider these factors is stupid. Therefore, lead author for the British economy, and the inequality of women to make a strong critique. In this paper, through the analysis of Darcy and Elizabeth, reflecting eating women forced by economic, on the subject of marriage in a passive, equal position, final illustrate economic status determines the marriage relationship.Keywords: marriage unequal money love绪论在《傲慢与偏见》作者简·奥斯丁所处的社会，一般妇女除了当老处女和家庭教师外，然后唯一的出路就是嫁人。
AbstractPride and Prejudice is a very popular novel by Jane Austen and it was read widely all over the world. This novel is written in 1813. We main agronomic characters of the marriage as a typical cases in books, how to influence their marriage value orientation of money. Some people may realize that marriage can provide opportunities of class mobility and financial support; money and class are thus closely connected in their decision of marital partners.If marriage is a castle, but the hero and heroine is like Darcy and Elizabeth such person, so, even a not pleasing to begin their mutual see each other bias, and ultimately willing to be trapped in such a city. The power of love is great, it can let a hate in human love change, can let you cast prejudice, and re-know and accept a person.Key words: Pride and Prejudice money value orientation marriage view内容提要《傲慢与偏见》是简奥斯丁一本在全世界都被广泛传颂的小说，写于1813年，我们可以通过这本小说将婚姻分为几种典型并且分析这几种婚姻观的价值取向。
简。
奥斯汀的婚姻观在《傲慢与偏见》和《理智与情感》中的反映The Reflection of Jane Austen’s viewpoints on marriage in Pride and Prejudice andSense and SensibilityContentsAcknowledgementsAbstract （in Chinese)Abstract （in English）Chapter Ⅰ. IntroductionA.Significance of the studyB.Thesis statementanization of the paperChapter Ⅱ。
Literature reviewA. IntroductionB。
Literature reviewC. SummaryChapter Ⅲ. Jane Austen’s viewpoints on marriage as reflected in Sense and Sensibility and Pride and PrejudiceA.Jane Austen’s views on marriage as reflected in Sense andSensibility1.Different characteristics between two sisters2.Different attitudes towards love3.The marriages of two sistersB.Jane Austen’s views on marriage as reflected in Pride andPrejudice1. Different characteristics among women2。
Different value in their marriages3。
The marriages of four womenC。
英语论文论述《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻价值观江西X大学本科生毕业论文论述《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻价值观Discussion of "Pride and Prejudice" in the marriage values院系名称成教学院专业名称英语年级自考本科准考证号 X姓名 X指导教师 XXDiscussion of "Pride and Prejudice" in the marriage valuesAbstract:As is known to all,Pride and Prejudice was written by the famous female writer Jane Aust -en.The story was based on four couples of marriageand the author mainly described Elizabeth and Mr.Darcy’s marriage.In this way the author discussed the meaning of marriage,so it had some kind of social meaning and realistic meaning.The analysis of different characters’ views on marriage give -s us some enlightenment on our daily lives. Elizabeth and Mr.Darcy’s marriage was th e most admir -able one.Their marriage was based on true love.Jane and Mr.Bingley’s marriage was the happiest o -ne.Lydia and Mr.Wickham’smarriage was the most ridiculous one,since their marriage was based o -n money.Charlotte and Mr.Co llins’s marriage was the most realistic one, because they took what th ey need from each other.Key words: marriage; meanings; realistic; ridiculous; admirable; happy论述《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻价值观摘要：众所周知，傲慢与偏见是著名女性作家简.奥斯丁的作品。
傲慢与偏见英语论文本科生毕业论文中文题目:浅析简奥斯汀在《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观英文题目: On Jane Austin’s Attitude TowardMarriage in Pride and Prejudice学号: 20111801310005 姓名:年级和班级: 2011级英语1班学院: 外国语学院系别: 英语专业: 英语指导教师:完成日期: 2015 年 4 月 27 日AcknowledgmentsDuring the past several months of writing this thesis, many people have given me great support and inspiration. Without their encouragement and help, this thesis could not have been completed so smoothly.First and foremost, my genuine thanks should be given to my supervisor, professor, Xing Hong, for her generosity in spending her time giving me valuable instruction in the selection of translated materials. She made format and language corrections, gave precious suggestions and refined some ideas in my paper, without her supervising and urging, this thesis would not have achieved its present form.Over the course of writing this thesis, I would also express my thanks to all the teachers who taught me during the four yea rs’ study. It is with the assistance of these teachers that I have finished my thesis; it is from them that I have learned the meticulous scholarship that will benefit me all life.Last but not least, I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the support and encouragement from my friends who stand by me for their assistance in stuff collection and suggestions leading to the success of this thesis. I am more than grateful to my parents for their continuous love for so many years and their support and encouragement.AbstractPride and prejudice is a very popular novel written by Jane Austen and it is read widely all over the world. The novel described four marriages about middle class in 18th century in Britain and disclosed different ideas in front of different people. It was written in 1813. That specific history time decided that people at that time took money and social status much more seriously, even on their marriage. In this paper, the marriage cases of most characters in the book were taken to analyze how money and social status influenced their matrimonial value orientation. And it tells us a truth, love and marriage is closely associated with property and society，but love and marriage can not only be decided by the property and social status. An ideal marriage should be based on mutual affection and respect and the marriage should be built on love.Keywords: Pride and Prejudice; love; money; class; value orientation摘要《傲慢与偏见》是简奥斯丁写的一部非常受欢迎的小说，并被世界各地广泛阅读。
论《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观AbstractPrideandprejudiceisAustin’sgreatwork.Throughthediscussionofthe differentmarriagesandlove,thewriterdemonstratesherconceptaboutl oveandmarriage:loveandmarriageiscloselyassociatedwithpropertyan dsociety,however,loveandmarriagecannotonlybedecidedbythepropert yandsocialstatus.Anidealmarriageshouldbebasedonmutualaffectiona ndrespect.Sherejectsthemarriagebasedonwealthandstressestheeleme ntofemotioninamarriage.KeyWordsLove;marriage;property;socialstatus摘要《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯汀的伟大著作，小说中的四段婚姻基本完全概括了当时社会中爱情和婚姻的状况.小说通过对四种不同婚姻和爱情的描写，解析和探讨，充分体现了作者的爱情和婚姻观。
这篇论文就是通过对这四段婚姻的详细的分析，来探讨《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观。
那就是：恋爱婚姻与财产和社会地位相互关联，但恋爱婚姻不能仅取决于财产和社会地位,正确的婚姻应当建立在相互爱慕、相互尊重的基础上。
她既反对为钱而结婚，也反对轻率结婚，强调婚姻中感情因素的重要性。
关键词爱情;婚姻;金钱;社会地位Introduction Prideandprejudicethebookaboutcommonplacethingsandordinarypeople ,isoneofJaneAusten’sfamousbook,beingtherepresentativeofrealist icliterature.Itportrays,withspecialsensitivecharacteristicoffem alewriters,thelifeandideasofmiddleclasswholiveincountryside.Thi snovelmakesananalysisofhumannatureandthenstickupreaderstothinko versocialrelations.Thisnoveltakesyoungpeople’smarriageasthethreadanditcoversthein heritanceoffortune,women’ssocialstatus,ethicsandcustoms.Beingt hemasterpieceofJaneAusten,itcomestotheextensivefavorofliteraryl oversandexpertsatthesametime. Thispapermakesananalysisoffourmarriagesinprideandprejudiceanddi scussesthedeepoutlookfortheirloveandmarriageinthelightofsocialb ackgroundatthetime.I.TheBackgroundofAustinandHerPrideandPrejudiceA.TheBackgroundofAustin“JaneAusten(1775-1817)wasborninHampshire,acountrypriestfamilylocatedinHants,thevillageofKingston,SidemeninnorthEngland.Shewas abeautiful,talentedmiddleclasswomanwithextraordinarytemperament andgoodcultivation.Hersixnovels－SenseandSensibility,PrideandPrejudice,NorthangerAbbey,Manshifei erdeManor,Emma,Persuasionalldescribemorethanmarriage.”.(WangSh ouren,P64,2005)However,hermarriageislikeablankpaperinher42yearsreallifetime.Go ingthroughthefinesttime,buteventuallywithoutmeetingacomfortable partner,shegivesupherlove.Goingthroughthesweetandbitterfeelingw hichhelpshertowritethegreatworkprideandprejudice.B.TheBackgroundofPrideandPrejudiceInthisgreatbook,theauthoramplydemonstratesherpointaboutloveandm arriage.Therefore,inordertoanalyzethesepointsofviews,weshouldfi rstlystartfromhergreatwork.“Atthattime,accordingtothesocialconditionsinBritain,agoodmarri ageforayoungwomanwascritical.Thisphenomenonwascloselyassociated withtheBritishsocietyandthestatusofwomeninthesociety.Inthe19thc entury,womenwerenotwellrespectedcomparedwiththeonesinthepresent society.Therewasnoequalitybetweenwomanandman.Womenwereconsidere dtobeinferiortomenintermsofintelligenceandcapacity.Thecentralli feofwomenwasforcedtobestayingathome,theirrolesweretodealwiththe familyaffairs,suchastakingcareofthechildrenandservingforthehusband.”.(ZhuHong,P34,1995) Peoplenaturallythoughtthatwomenshouldbesubmissivetotheirhusband s.Thevirtuesofwomenwerepatientanddeferent.Theymustrecognizethei rinherentinferioritytomen,sotheymustrestricttheirabilitieswitho utconditions.Althoughthestatusofwomenwasslow,fewofthemexpressed dissatisfactionabouttheirowndestiny.Atthattime,manymiddle-class youngwomenhadthreesolutions:gettingmarried;stayingathomeasoldma idsorworkingasthefamilyfemaleteachers.Theincomeoffamilyfemalete acherwasverylow,andthestatuswaslowaswell.Itwasverydifficultfort hemtochangeorswapoutofthisstatus,noonewouldliketobeamaidforever ,therefore,intermsofyoungwomen,especiallythosewhodon'thaveenoug hproperties,togetmarriedwastheonlywayforthemtogainrespect,stabi lityandsocialstatus. Austinfullycritiquedsomebadphenomenoninherworkprideandprejudice ,takingsomeperfectpointsaboutmarriageandlovetodemonstrateherown viewonloveandmarriage.II.TheFourMarriagesandtheRevealedConceptofLoveandMarriageinPrid eandPrejudiceA.TheConceptaboutLoveandMarriageintheSociety Thestoriesshowtheordinarylives,feelingsoftheordinarypeople.They werelinkedupinaharmoniousorderundertheauthor'smeticulousconcept s.Theworkmainlydescribesfourmarriages.Twoarethemainandassistedbytheothertwoassistantmarriages.“DarcyandElizabeth’sloveandmarriageisthemainthemeofthiswork.A fterundergoingmanysetbacks,Darcy’sarroganceandElizabeth’sprej udiceeventuallyeliminates,theloversfinallygetmarried.Themarriag eofElizabeth’ssisterJaneandDarcy’sfriendBingleyisanotherclue. Theydeeplyloveeachother,buttheyaremulti—blocked,aftertheirdepa rture,JanemissesBingleyverymuch.Thetwomarriagesreflectstheanoth erpointofviewinpositivewaythatmarriageshouldbebasedontruelove,w hichistheidealmarryintheauthor’sopinion.Thestoriesseemtobetheo rdinarylives,feelingsandpersonslinkedupinaharmoniousorderundert heothersmeticulousconcepts.However,themarriagebetweenCharlottea ndCollinsisanegativeexamplewiththemarriagebetweenLydiaandWickha m,whichhelptomaketheplotsmoretortuousandricher.”.(ZhuHong,P12, 1985)B.FourMarriagesinPrideandPrejudice1.CollinsandCharlotte’sMarriageInprideandprejudice,thefirstpartisthemarriageofCharlotteandColl ins,theirmarriageisluckyandnatural.Theygetmarriedwithoutanyexpe ctation.CharlotteisWilliamLucas’sdaughter,whoistheneighborofLi zzyBennett.Shewasbornofhumbleparentageandverymediocreineveryasp ect.Soshehasnotgotmarriedevenuntilsheis26yearsold.Shemaybeatypi calquestionablegirl.However,thereare5daughtersintheBennetts,thefivedaughtersaregraduallygrowinguptotheageformarriage.Sobothoft hetwofamiliesrivalmutually,especiallyintheeyesofthevulgarwomen, suchrivalrywasparticularlytedious.Bennett’swifewasespeciallytypical;shedoesnotgivebirthtoaboybutfivegirls .Thefamily’spropertycouldn'tbegiventoadaughteraccordingtothecustomatthatti me,andthefamilywithoutasoncangrantthewealthtothenephew.Thus,one ofBennettnephew－Collinscaninheritthefamilywealth.Therefore,Mrs.Bennetthasgreate xpectationsonhernephew.Thoughthefamilyisnotveryrich,heisthefina lownerofBonnetfamily'swealth.Withthis,Mrs.Bennettfeltatease,and thenshehasgreathopeonCollinsandlikeshim.CatherineCollins,withth ehelpofoneofhisrelatives,becomesapriest.Andthenhegoestothehomeo fhisuncle,wantingtobehomecomplementofBennett.Becausehehashearda lotaboutthearrangementofthefivegoldenflowersofhisuncle'sfamily, heiscomingtotryhisluckhere.Inhismind,ifhecouldbeoneson-in-lowof hisuncle’s,thenhecouldgetthepropertyofthefamily.Hestaysathomef oralongtimetorepayhisuncle'sheritageandgetssympathybythefamily. InformedthattheeldestdaughterJanehasaboyfriend,heaimsatthesecon ddaughterElizabethBennettinspit eforhisaunt’sinterestingsake,El izabethhasbeentiredofhim.Eventually,sherefuseshimwithsharptongu e.ButCollinsquicklyfindscomfortfromCharlottewhodesirestogetlovefromamaleandbelievesmarriageistheelegantwayforagirlwithsomeeduc ation,andthentheygetmarriedasquicklyasthelightning.Amediocrelov e,adullmarriagehasbeenestablishedeffortlessly.Suchmarriagewitho utloveistoopractical,soitisakindofsuperficialmarriagewithouthap piness.2.LydiaandWickham’sMarriage ThesecondmarriageisbetweenBennett’sthirddaughterLydiaandWickha m,thesonofthehousekeeper.Originallyheiswell-treatedbythefamilya ndthefriends.However,hecomesdownintheworldbecauseofhismisbehavi or.Hegetsintodebt.So,hewantstogetmoneyandbecomerichandchangehis socialstatusthroughmarriage,marriageisalsoawaytoapproachthetale nts,heisamanwithoutanyresponsibility.Hedoesnothingexceptassaili ngawomanwithobscenities.Inhisopinion,loveisonlyrecreation.Forhi spurpose,heenticesLydiaandgetsherloveeasily,becausesheisyoung,i nnocentandvainglorious,andlovestogoeaseandhatestoworkhard,andis spoiltbyhermother.Gettingloveandpraiseofaboyisherdream.SowhenWi ckhamwantstoreachhisaim－gettingwealthbyloveandexaltsherbeautyhypocritically,sheforgetsw hosheisandfeelssheisthemostbeautifulandhappiestgirlintheworld.T heirlovedoesnotgetthepermissionfromtheparents,andthentheyelope. WhenElizabethhearsthenews,shebelievesthattheirloveisfalse,Wickh amwouldnotmarryLydia,becausesheisnocharmingandhasnothingtoattracthim,Hedoesnotloveherbutthewealthofherfamily.Themarriageisadmi ttedontheconditionofDarcy'shelp.Theirmarriageisconsideredtobeas candalinBennett’sfamily.ButMrs.Bennetisnotdisgraceful tothismarriage.WhenCollinsgetsthenews,ofcourse,heisveryangryand reactstothemarriagetorevengehisearlyfailureofproposaltoher.This marriageisonewithoutlove.Theydon’ttherealmeaningofmarriage,the yonlywanttosatisfytheiraspiration.Sowecansaythisisakindofimprom ptuloveandmarriagewithouttrueloveandresponsibility.Suchcoupleon lyseekhavinghadtheexperiencebutnoteverlastingandunchanging.Ofco urse,suchkindofmarriageisdoomedtobeatragedy.3.JaneandMr.Bingley’sMar riage ThethirdmarriageisoftheeldestdaughterJaneandMr.Bingley.Bingleyi safriendofDarcy.Bingley’ssisterlovesDarcyverymuch.ShewantsBing leytogetmarriedwithDarcy’ssisterGeorgiana,becauseshewantstoget lovefromDarcybythisway,whichalsoreflectstheselfishnessthesister .Themarriageoftheableman-Bingleyandthebeautifulgirl-Janeisideal inmostpeople’seyes.Ofcourse,thecouplemeetsmanysetbacks,suchast hemisunderstandingofDarcyandBingley'sselfishsister.Atlast,thelo versgetmarriedasthemisunderstandingbetweenElizabethandDarcyhasb eensolved.4.DarcyandElizabeth’sMarriage. Thefourthmarriageisthemainthemeoftheworks.ThatisDarcyandElizabeth’smarriage.Atthebeginning,Elizabethrejectsthepursuer-Darcy,b ecauseshedoesnotlikehim,evenlooksdownuponhimthoughDarcylovesher verymuch.InElizabeth’seyes,heis arrogantandunreasonablebecauseh eisrichandhashighsocialstatus.Realizingthat,Darcybeginstogetrid ofthosebadhabitsquietlytocratehertasteandgetgoodimpressionandlo veofher.BecauseofDarcy’sperfectbehaviorandgoodeducation,Elizab ethgraduallyeliminatesthebiasonDarcy.Thentheyspontaneouslyfalli nlove.SowhenDarcy’ssecondsuitorissenttoElizabeth,Elizabethread ilyagreewith,andtheygetmarriedandhavehappyfamilylives.III.TheDifferentUnderstandingaboutLoveandMarriageinPrideandPrej udiceA.TheMarriageBasedonSameInterestsBolobbyist,apolitician,attheendofthe18thcentury,saidthatupbring ingwasmoreimportantthanlaw,becauseitcouldpromotemoral,helptorea lizemoralorruinmoral.Thusitcouldbeconcludedthatupbringingplayed veryimportantroleinlifeatthattime.OnthefirstballorganizedbyMr.B ingleyintheNigerPark,Jane---theeldestdaughteroftheBonnets’isfa voredbythehost.Butthereservedpersonalityandthestandardizedquali tiesmakeherfeelingsshownothing,soshealmostlosesBingley,whichisa lsocausedbyhernest-of-kin’slapsadconducts.Forexample,Mrs.Benne toftengivescommentsonthemarriageinpublic,especiallythebenefitso fthemarriage,whichalmostfrightensBingleyaway.Thisgoodmarriagebasedonafavoriteofmutualgoodimpressionandtruelovenearlyevaporates .Fortunately,thelovesgetmarriedbyexperiencingtwists.B.TheMarriageBasedonVanityandCarelessnessLydiaisimpulsive,credulousandblindlyfollowing.Sheispursuinglove andthinkingabouthowtogetlovefromamale.Sheisstiffenedwiththestyl eofanofficercalledWickham.Sheelopeswithhimbecauseofanimpulse.Th eyspendmoneywithoutrestraint,andtheyareunabletomakeendsmeet.For sakeofElizabeth,Darcygavethemasumofmoneytoletthemgetoutofdiffic ulties.Atthesametime,thisswindlerpreparestoclimbanotherwomanfor asumofmoney. Bennetcoupleisanotherexampleforthiskindofmarriage.Mr.Bennetcove tstheyouthandbeautyandisattractedandgetsmarriedwithanarrow-mind edyoungandbeautifulwomanlackingintelligence.Notlongafterthemarr iage,heputsanendtohisloveandaffection,themutualrespectandtrustb etweenthecouplehasgone.Theexpectationtohaveaharmoniousandwell-b eingfamilyhasevaporated.Clearly,thiscouple’smarriageis unfortun atecausedbyrashnessandvanity.C.TheMarriageBasedonMoneyorBenefitAlthoughMrs.Bennethasbeendescribedasacomedycharacterintheworkga iningalotofsarcasmandderision,heruniversallyacknowledgedtruth－allthewealthybachelorswanttomarryalady,hasbeenprovedtobetruthwh ichprovesanotherfactthatit'sthewealthandthenumberofthewealththa tdecidesthefateoflifeandmarriage. Charlotteknowsthatthemarriagewithoutpropertywouldeventuallymove towarddisappointmentandsuffering.Evenifthecoupleloveseachotherd eeplyatfirst,whenCollins,knownasasocialclimber,isrejectedbyEliz abeth,heimmediatelyturnstofallinlovewithMissCharlotte.AlthoughC ollinsisaninbornfool,hislovecouldnotmovetheheartofawoman,Charlo tteacceptshim,becauseherpurposeistogetmarried.Almostallthegirls borninapoorfamilywithoutgoodeducationalwaysregardmarriageastheo nlydecentway,althoughmarriagemightnotnecessarilybringhappinesst othem.Shemanagestoarrangeoneofthemostreliablewaybymarriage,thus shewouldnotbeexposedtothecoldtemperaturesandsufferhungerinthefu ture.Shenowgetsastorageroom. Charlotteislikearodmancatchingafairlyplumpfish－Collins.Butifhedoesn’tmeetasetbackfromElizabeth,andtheencouragementofCharlotte,Iamaf raidthathewouldnotbesowillingtoproposemarriagetoCharlotte.Thema nlikeBentleywhohasfairlynumerablemoneyneedabeautifulwife,thepoo rmanneedsawifewithahugewealth,likeWickham;ItwasluckyforCharlott ethatshecouldgainthemarriagewithCollinsalthoughtheirmarriageisn othappyatall.Inthesemarriages,itwasquiteinterestingthatthewomenwithoutproper tyreallygetmarriedwiththoserichbachelors.However,thehappinessbr oughtbymarriagetothemhasnotaccompaniedthehusband.Inmarriage,mon eyisveryimportant.Austinobjectssuchmarriagesimplybasedonmoney.C ollinsistheheirofBonnetfamily;hedoesn’tknowwhatloveis.Hewoulds tatesomeoftheinappropriateremarksatanytime.Charlottegetsmarried formoney.Eventuallyshegetsnothingmorethanarichman,thoughshehase conomicsecurity.Shedoesn’tcareaboutherhusband'saccompanyingand love.Sheencourageshimtocleanupthegardenmore.Shesetshisliving-ro ominthesmallhouseabsentofevenasmallnumberofsunshine.Whenherhusb andmakesgaffeinfrontoftheirfriends,sheignoresandturnsadeafear.S ucharrangementforthestoryisaperfectironyfor”thetruthuniversall yacknowledged”atthebeginningofthenovel.Theauthorexpressesgreat sympathytothetragicfateofthewomenatthattimeandthosewhohadtomarr ybecauseofeconomicrestraintsbythedescriptionofthemarriageofchar lotte. Austinunderstandscompletelythatthesocialenvironmentmakesmanobey notonlyinmaterialbutinpsychology,whichimprovedthatAustinisarati onalauthorthatshepreferstruelovetosurvival. MissBingleyalsoextremelyobjectsthemarriagebetweenherbrotherandB enne t’seldestdaughterJane.ShehopesherbrothertomarryDarcy’ssis terMissGeovgianainordertomakeherselftohavethesamestatus.D.TheMarriageBasedonTrueLove Elizabethistheidealimageforwomenaswellasthemostcharismaticperso ninthenovel.SheisBonnet’sseconddaughter,anactive,i ntelligentan dsmartgirl.Shehasamiddle-classfamilybackgroundandhasnotbeenaffe ctedbytheformaleducationbelongingtothosearistocraticyounggirls, sosheisn'tgoodatmusicandpainting,butshehasreadmanybookswhichmak eherknowledgeableandperceptive.Themostimportantaspectisthatshei saladywithdignityandupbringing.Darcyisamanwithtallfigureandgood manner.Heishandsome,richandpowerful.Soheistheidealhusbandofmost girls.Buthehasgrownupinthesurroundingswithstrongsenseofpower,so healwaysisselfishandarrogant,andhehasacriticallookateachindivid ual,exceptthefamilymembers.,heisnotconcernedaboutanyoneelse,and looksdownuponanyoneelse.Therefore,whenhefirstarrivesinthevillag e,hefindsallthepersonsarefarawayfromthoseimagined.Althoughevery girlthereisyoungandlovely,hehasnointeresttoanyoneexceptElizabet h.Atfirsthedoesn’tputaneyeonElizabeth.Gradually,hehastoadmitth atElizabethisbeautiful,distinctandpopular,althoughheinsiststhat Elizabethhasn'tthesamesocialstatusashim.Darcyisrationalbecauseh ehasastrongsenseofpower,whichagreesontherealityatthattime.Altho ughheexpresseshislovetoElizabeth,hecouldn'thelpshowinghisarroga nce,whichmakesElizabethhavemisconceptionandprejudiceonDarcy.Dar cylovesElizabeth,butlooksdownuponhersocialstatus.Heconsidersthathehasbeenlowinghimselfanddoingsomethingagainsthiswill,personal itiesandevenmoralstandard.Hethinksthathismarriagewouldcertainly succeedandElizabethiswaitingforhimtoproposemarriage. Therefore,evenheisirresistibletothefloodingfeelings,andcondesce ndstoElizabeth,hestillremembersthegapbetweenthem.Clearly,therat ionalaspectofDarcy’sper sonalityperformsontherealitiesofsociety .Whenhetalksabouthisfeelingsoflove,healsoexpressesthearroganceo fthesefeelingsindetails,whichresultsinthearousingresentmentofEl izabeth;sherejectshismarriageproposal,andangrilyaccuseshisinsol ence.TherationalaspectoftheheroineElizabethshowsherclear,calman paredwithherstupidmother,thesm oothandlazyfather,theshallow-minded,self-willedsisterwithfeathe rhead,Elizabethisonewithidealmind.SheiselegantlikehersisterJane ,butmoreintellectuallysuperiorunlikehersisterbeingeasytobefavor able.Shealsoadviseshersistertoseethroughthestupidityandnonsense ofthosecamouflagehonestpersons.Elizabethisunique,becauseshehasadeepunderstandingofallthethings aroundher.InfactbothsheandDarcyareextremelysensitivetothesocial stat us.DifferentfromDarcy,Elizabethdoesn’thavesuperiorityabout herfamilybackgroundandstatus.Instead,shefeelsdeeplyashamedforhe rsister’sbeinglackoffairlyeducationandhermother'srudenessandst paredwithhermoderateandgeneroussisterJane,sheissmarterandevenmoreprofound.Shehasacleanunderstandingaboutherownsocia lstatus,whichisduetothepsychoticallysedimentarydepositsbecauses heisinainferiorpositionforlongtime.Becauseofthis,sheresistsextr emelyagainstthearroganceofDarcy,andshetriesherbesttoprotecthers elffrombeinghurtledbyDarcy'scommandingattitude.Shebelievesthats hemustmakehimunderstandthatsheisnotwoozy,whichreflectsherbelief todealwiththeemotionalentanglementswithDarcy,aswellasherconstan tpatterwithDarcyandtheprejudiceonDarcy.Itsuperficiallyseemstobe sharedbythetraditionalpsychologicalrequirementthateveryoneneeds toberespectedmutually.Mutuallyspeaking,thisisanotherformofexpre ssionabouttheawarenessofstatus.Perhaps,tosomeextent,Darcyhasmor eromantictemperamentthanElizabeth,itisbecauseheisbetterposition edthanher.ElizabethrefusesthestupidpriestCollinsandchallengeswe althyDarcy,allofthisisactuallytheresistanceoftheprevailingmarri ageatthattime.TheultimatefailuremakesDarcywakeup.Heisawareofhis ownshort-comings.HeacceptsElizabeth’scriticism,andfaithfullyco rrectstheshortcomingsandmistakes.Heisnolongerarrogantandhasarea llovewithElizabeth.Withtherevealingofthetruth,Elizabeth’sprejudiceonDarcybecomesd eeper.UntilwhenElizabethrefusesDarcy’slongloveletter,sheexperi encesthefierceshock.Afterundergoingaperiodofpainfulandprofoundthought,shecouldnothelpbuttoshouthowdespicablesheis,shebelievess heistheexcellentoneinthefamily,sheisskillfulandalwaysdespiseshe rsister’sdress.Inordertosatisfyherownvanity,shealwaystreatspeo plewithanirrelevantsuspicionandconfusion.Howshamefulitis!Butthi sshameservesherright.Evenifshereallyfallsinlovewithsomeone,shes houldnotbesoblindtomeetthisflunkingstage.Sheisstupidnotonlyinlo ve,butinthevanity.Whenshefirstknowsthemtwo,onelovesherandmakesh erfeelhappy,andtheothertreatsherinacoldmanner,whichmakesherangr y.Allthesecauseherprejudiceandignorance,whensheencounterstheira ffairs.Shewouldnotbeabletodistinguishtherightandthewrong.Shecou ldbeconsideredtobeknowledgeableatlast. Whenweseetheblamefromheart,wefindhershortcomingsandthecourageth atshecouldfaceherselfdirectly.Itisherbringingthatplaysarole;she startstogiveupthebiascausedbyself-esteem,trulyandseriouslyunder standDarcy.Elizabethwouldn'tbelievetheshamelessliesaboutDarcysa idbyHanandeliminatethemisunderstandingandprejudice.Shefinallyfa llsinlovewithDarcy.WhenthesisteraskshowshewouldloveMr.Darcy,Eli zabethrepliesthatsheshoulddatefromthedaysheseethebeautifullanem anorpark.ThestatementseemstorefertothepropertyofDarcy.Therefore ,Janedoesn'twantthesisterstobekidding.Inadditiontoreferringtoth especificmanor,shealsorefersthenewDarcyseeninthegarden.Inotherw ords,Darcychangestheattitudeofbeingarrogantandrudest,andthisisthereasonwhyDarcywinsElizabeth’sheartandlove.Wecanimaginethatif Darcydoesn'tchangehismind,evenifothermisunderstandingshavebeenr esolved,theywouldnotfallinloveforever.IV.Austin’sConceptaboutLoveandMarriage Theauthorembodiesfourdifferentmarriagesinthenovel.Fromtheanalys isofthemarriages,wecanfindtheauthor'sideaaboutmarriage:marriage andpropertyandsocialstatusareinterconnected.Butmarriagecouldnot onlydependonthepropertyandthesocialstatus.Thehappymarriageshoul dbebasedonthemutualrespect,mutualadmiration.Sheobjectsthemarria geformoneyandopposesthethoughtlessmarriage,butstressestheimport anceofemotionalfactors.Conclusion Bydescriptionanddiscussionofthefourmarriagesinthenovel,wecansee thatAustenfullyexpressesherviewsonloveandmarriageonlybyapprecia tingthemarriagefoundedonthebasisofmutualunderstandingandtruelov e,butalsobysatirizingthemarriagefoundedonthebasisoforiginanddes ire.Themarriagebasedonsocialpositionandmoneycan’tbringhappylife.Ai mlessmarriageandloveareimpracticable.Austen’sviewsonmarriageandlovearealsosuitableforourrealsocial.Weyouthshouldmakerightmarriageandloveviewstoorientourlives.Bibliography[1]BU.Ya-Yun,IronyInPrideandprejudice.HuZhou:JournalofHuZhouTea chersCollage.2001.[2]HeShenYing,APerfectMarriageWantsTrueloveaswellasMoney.Yuxi:J ournalofYuXiTeacherCollage.2001[3]RubinsteinAnnette,1967GreatTraditioninEnglishLiteraturefromS hakespearetoAusten,MonthlyReviewPress[4]ThornleyG.C.andRobertsGwyneth,AnOutlineofEnglishLiterature,L ongmanWorldPublishingCorporation，1984.[5]SampsonGeorge,TheConciseCambridgeHistoryofEnglishLiterature, CambridgeUniversit1988[6]常耀信.英国文学简史[M].南开大学出版社,2000.[7]简•奥斯汀，傲慢与偏见[M]，内蒙古：内蒙古人民出版社，2002[8]李银河，女性权力的崛起[M]，北京：中国社会科学出版社，1997.[9]曼素思，缀珍录——十八世纪及其前后的中国妇女[M]，江苏：江苏人民出版社2005年１月第１版[10]王守仁.英国文学选读[M]北京：高等教育出版社2005[11]王佐良.英国文学论文集[M].沈阳：北方文艺出版社，1984.[12]徐晓东.English英文观止(上下册)[M].北京：世界图书出版公司北京公司，2006.[13]张中载.当代英国文学论文集[M].辽宁：外语教学与研究出版社，1996.[14]朱虹（编）.英国小说的黄金时代[M],北京：中国社会科学出版社1997[15]朱虹（编）.奥斯丁研究[M],北京：中国文联出版公司1985。
河南农业大学本科生毕业论文（设计）任务书论文（设计）题目Marriages in Pride and Prejudice学院外国语学院专业英语（国际商务）班级学号姓名2010年3月1日河南农业大学本科生毕业论文（设计）题目Marriages in Pride and Prejudice学院外国语学院专业班级2006级商务英语2班学号学生姓名指导教师撰写日期：2010年5月20日Contents Abstract (1)I. Introduction (1)II. Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice (2)1. Collins and Cha rlotte’s Marriage---marriage based on money or benefit (2)2. Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage---marriage based on vanity and carelessness (3)3. Jane and Mr. Bingley’s Marriage---marriage based on same interests (4)4.Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage---marriage based on true love (4)III. Influence of Austin’s Marriage Concept on Marriage Today (6)1. Woman’s social status in Austin’s age and Austin’s marriage concept (6)2.Woman’s social status and the marriage concept today (9)IV. Conclusion (10)Bibliography (11)Acknowledgments (11)Marriages in Pride and PrejudiceLi Lina Business Class 2 Grade 2006 0615102038 Tutor: Yu Hongwei Lecturer XXX 商务英语2班2006级0615102038 指导老师XXX 讲师Abstract:Pride and Prejudice is Austin’s great work. Through the discussion of the different marriages, she perfectly reflected the relation between money and marriage at her time and gave the people in her works vivid characters. Moreover, she portrayed some reasons for the different marriage concept held by people at that time, in which the low social status of women is the most striking one. Austin thinks that marriage merely for property, money and status is absolutely wrong, but marriage without economic factors is silly. In a word, she is against the marriage for money. She regards love between two people as the basis of an ideal marriage, which breaks the traditional marriage concept and influences people’s idea of marriage nowadays.Key words: Pride and Prejudice; marriage; loveI.Introduction“Jane Austen (1775-1817) was born in Hampshire, a country priest family located in Hants, the village of Kingston, Sidemen in north England. She was a beautiful, talented middle class woman with extraordinary temperament and good cultivation. Her six novels---Sense and Sensibility, Pride andPrejudice, Northanger Abbey, Manshifeierde Manor, Emma, Persuasion all describe more than marriage.” (Wang Shouren, 2005, 64) However, her marriage is like a blank paper in her 42 years real lifetime. Going through the finest time, but eventually without meeting a comfortable partner, she gives up her love. Going through the sweet and bitter feeling which helps her to write the great work Pride and Prejudice.“At that time, according to the social conditions in Britain, a good marriage for a young woman was critical. This phenomenon was closely associated with the British society and the status of women in the society. In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society. There was no equality between woman and man. Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity. The central life of women was forced to stay at home, their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband.”(Zhu Hong, 1997, 34)People naturally thought that women should be submissive to their husbands. The virtues of women were patient and deferent. They must recognize their inherent inferiority to men, so they must restrict their abilities without conditions. Although the status of women was low, few of them expressed dissatisfaction about their own destiny. At that time, many middle-class young women had three solutions: getting married; staying at home as old maids or working as the family female teachers. The income of family female teacher was very low, and the status was low as well. It was very difficult for them to change or swap out of this status, no one would like to be a maid forever, therefore, in terms of young women, especially those who don’t have enough properties, to get married was the only way for them to gain respect, stability and social status. This idea forms the basis of women’s marriage concept at that time.This novel takes young people’s marriage as the thread and it covers the inheritance of fortune, women’s social status, ethics and customs. Being the masterpiece of Jane Austen, it comes to the extensive favor of literary lovers and experts at the same time. This paper makes an analysis of four marriages in Pride and Prejudice and discusses the influence of Austin’s marriage concept on present marriage.II. Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice1. Collins and Charlotte’s marriage---marriage based on money or benefitThe first part of Pride and Prejudice tells the marriage of Charlotte and Collins, which is lucky and natural. They get married without any expectation. Charlotte is William Lucas’s daughter, who is the neighbor of Lizzy Bennett. She was born of humble parentage and very mediocre in every aspect. So she has not got married even until she is 26 years old. She may be a typical questionable girl. However, there are 5 daughters in the Bennetts, the five daughters are gradually growing up to the age for marriage. So both of the two families rival mutually, especially in the eyes of the vulgar women, such rivalry was particularly tedious. Bennett’s wife was especially typical; she does not give birth to a boy but five girls. The family’s property couldn’t be given to a daughter according to the custom at that time, and the family without a son can grant the wealth to the nephew. Thus, one of Bennett nephew---Collins can inherit the family wealth. Therefore, Mrs. Bennett has great expectations on her nephew. Though the family is not very rich, he is the final owner of Bonnet family’s wealth. Mrs. Bennett felt at ease about this, and she has great hope on Collins and likes him. Catherine Collins, with the help of one of his relatives, becomes a priest. And then he goes to the home of his uncle, wanting to be home complement of Bennett. Because he has heard a lot about the arrangement of the five golden flowers of his uncle’s family, he is coming to try his luck here. In his mind, if he could be one son-in-low of his uncle’s, then he could get the property of the family. He stays at home for a long time to repay his uncle’s heritage and gets sympathy by the family. Informed that the eldest daughter Jane has a boyfriend, he aims at the second daughter Elizabeth Bennett in spite for his aunt’s interesting sake, Elizabeth has been tired of him. Eventually, she refuses him with sharp tongue. But Collins quickly finds comfort from Charlotte who desires to get love from a male and believes marriage is the elegant way for a girl with some education. Charlotte knows that the marriage without property would eventually move toward disappointment and suffering. Even if the couple loves each other deeply at first, when Collins, known as a social climber, is rejected by Elizabeth, he immediately turns to fall in love with Miss Charlotte. Although Collins is an inborn fool, his love could not move the heart of a woman, Charlotte accepts him, because her purpose is to get married. Almost all the girls born in a poor family without good education always regard marriage as the only decent way, although marriage might not necessarily bring happiness to them. She manages to arrange one of the most reliable way by marriage, thus she would not be exposed to the cold temperatures and suffer hunger in the future. She now gets a storage room. Then they get married as quickly as the lightening. Charlotte is like a rodman catching a fairly plump fish---Collins. But if he doesn’t meet a setback from Elizabeth, a nd theencouragement of Charlotte, I am afraid that he would not be so willing to propose marriage to Charlotte. The man like Bingley who has fairly numerable money need a beautiful wife, the poor man needs a wife with a huge wealth, like Wickham; It was lucky for Charlotte that she could gain the marriage with Collins although their marriage is not happy at all. A mediocre love, a dull marriage has been established effortlessly. Such marriage without love is too practical, so it is a kind of superficial marriage without happiness.In these marriages, it was quite interesting that the women without property really get married with those rich bachelors. However, the happiness brought by marriage to them has not accompanied the husband. In marriage, money is very important. Austin objects such marriage simply based on money. Collins is the heir of Bonnet family; he doesn’t know what love is. He would state some of the inappropriate remarks at any time. Charlotte gets married for money. Eventually she gets nothing more than a rich man, though she has economic security. She doesn’t care about her husband’s accompanying and love. She encourages him to clean up the garden more. She sets his living-room in the small house absent of even a small number of sunshine. When her husband makes gaffe in front of their friends, she ignores and turns a deaf ear. Such arrangement for the story is a perfect irony for “the truth universally acknowledged” at the beginning of the novel. The author expresses great sympathy to the tr agic fate of the women at that time and those who had to marry because of economic restraints by the description of the marriage of Charlotte.2. Lydia and Wickham’s marriage---marriage based on vanity and carelessnessThe second marriage is between Bennet t’s third daughter Lydia and Wickham, the son of the housekeeper. Originally he is well-treated by the family and the friends. However, he comes down in the world because of his misbehavior. He gets into debt. So he wants to get money and become rich and change his social status through marriage, which is a way to approach the talents. He is a man without any responsibility. He does nothing except assailing a woman with obscenities. In his opinion, love is only recreation. For his purpose, he entices Lydia and gets her love easily, because she is young, innocent and vainglorious, and loves to go ease and hates to work hard, and is spoilt by her mother. Getting love and praise of a boy is her dream. So when Wickham wants to reach his aim---getting wealth by love, he exalts her beauty hypocritically. Lydia, impulsive, credulous and blindly following, she forgets who she is and feels she is the most beautiful and happiest girl in the world. Their love does not get the permission from the parents, and then they elope. They spend money without restraint, andthey are unable to make ends meet. When Elizabeth hears the news, she believes that their love is false, Wickham would not marry Lydia, because she is no charming and has nothing to attract him, He does not lov e her but the wealth of her family. The marriage is admitted on the condition of Darcy’s help. For sake of Elizabeth, Darcy gave them a sum of money to let them get out of difficulties. At the same time, this swindler prepares to climb another woman for a sum of money. Their marriage is considered to be a scandal in Bennett’s family. But Mrs. Bennet is not disgraceful to this marriage. When Collins gets the news, of course, he is very angry and reacts to the marriage to revenge his early failure of proposal to her.This marriage is one without love. They don’t know the real meaning of marriage. They only want to satisfy their aspiration. So we can say this is a kind of impromptu love and marriage without true love and responsibility which is doomed to be a tragedy.3. Jane and Mr. Bingley’s marriage---marriage based on same interestsThe third marriage is one of the eldest daughter Jane and Mr. Bingley. Bingley is a friend of Darcy. His sister loves Darcy very much and she expects Bingley to get married with Darcy’s sister Georgiana, because she wants to get love from Darcy in this way, which also reflects her selfishness. The marriage of the able man---Bingley and the beautiful girl---Jane is ideal in most people’s eyes. Bolobbyist, a politician, at the end of the 18th century, said that upbringing was more important than law, because it could promote moral, help to realize moral or ruin moral. Thus it could be concluded that upbringing played very important role in life at that time. On the first ball organized by Mr. Bingley in the Niger Park, Jane---the eldest daughter of the Bonnets’ is favored by the host. But the reserved personality and the standardized qualities make her conceal her true feelings, so she almost loses Bingley, which is also caused by her nest-of-kin’s lap sad conducts. For example, Mrs. Bennet often gives comments on the marriage in public, especially the benefits of the marriage, which almost frightens Bingley away. This good marriage based on a favorite of mutual good impression and true love. Fortunately with the misunderstandings between Elizabeth and Darcy solved, the lovers get married after so many setbacks.4. Darcy and Elizabeth’s marriage---marriage based on true loveThe fourth marriage is the main theme of the works. That is D arcy and Elizabeth’s marriage. Elizabeth is the ideal image for women as well as the most charismatic person in the novel. She is Bonnet’s second daughter, an active, intelligent and smart girl. She has a middle-class family background and has not been affected by the formal education belonging to those aristocratic younggirls, so she isn’t good at music and painting, but she has read many books which make her knowledgeable and perceptive. The most important aspect is that she is a lady with dignity and upbringing. Darcy is a man with tall figure and good manner. He is handsome, rich and powerful. So he is the ideal husband of most girls. But he has grown up in the surroundings with strong sense of power, so he always is selfish and arrogant, and he has a critical look at each individual, except the family members., he is not concerned about anyone else, and looks down upon anyone else. Therefore, when he first arrives in the village, he finds all the persons are far away from those imagined. Although every girl there is young and lovely, he has no interest to anyone except Elizabeth. At first he doesn’t put an eye on Elizabeth. Gradually, he has to admit that Elizabeth is beautiful, distinct and popular, although he insists that Elizabeth hasn’t the same soc ial status as him. Darcy is rational because he has a strong sense of power, which agrees on the reality at that time. Although he expresses his love to Elizabeth, he couldn’t help showing his arrogance, which makes Elizabeth have misconception and prejudi ce on Darcy. Darcy considers that he has been lowing himself and doing something against his will, personalities and even moral standard. He thinks that his marriage would certainly succeed and Elizabeth is waiting for him to propose marriage.Therefore, even he is irresistible to the flooding feelings, and condescends to Elizabeth, he still remembers the gap between them. Clearly, the rational aspect of Darcy’s personality performs on the realities of society. When he talks about his feelings of love, he also expresses the arrogance of these feelings in details, which results in the arousing resentment of Elizabeth; she rejects his marriage proposal, and angrily accuses his insolence. The rational aspect of the heroine Elizabeth shows her calm and actually stressful personality. Compared with her stupid mother, the smooth and lazy father, the shallow-minded, self-willed sister with feather head, Elizabeth is one with ideal mind. She is elegant like her sister Jane, but more intellectually superior unlike her sister being easy to be favorable. She also advises her sister to see through the stupidity and nonsense of those camouflage honest persons.Elizabeth is unique, because she has a deep understanding of all the things around her. In fact both she and Darcy are extremely sensitive to the social status. Different from Darcy, Elizabeth doesn’t have superiority about her family background and status. Instead, she feels deeply ashamed for her sister’s being lack of fairly education and her mother’s rudeness and stupidity. Compared with her moderate and generous sister Jane, she is smarter and even more profound. She has a clear understanding about her own social status, which is due to the psychotically sedimentary deposits because she is in aninferior position for long time. Because of this, she resists extremely against the arrogance of Darcy, and she tries her best to protect herself from being hurt by Darcy’s commanding attitude. She believes that she must make him understand that she is not woozy, which reflects her belief to deal with the emotional entanglements with Darcy, as well as her constant patter with Darcy and the prejudice on Darcy. It superficially seems to be shared by the traditional psychological requirement that everyone needs to be respected mutually. Mutually speaking, this is another form of expression about the awareness of status. Perhaps, to some extent, Darcy has more romantic temperament than Elizabeth, it is because he is better positioned than her. Elizabeth refuses the stupid priest Collins and challenges wealthy Darcy, all of this is actually the resistance of the prevailing marriage at that time. The ultimate failure makes Darcy wake up. He is aware of his own short-comings. He accepts Elizabeth’s criticism, and faithfully corrects the shortcomings and mistakes. He is no longer arrogant and has a real love with Elizabeth.With the revealing of the truth, Elizabeth’s prejudice on Darcy becomes deeper. Until when Elizabeth refuses Darcy’s long love letter, she experiences the fierce sh ock. After undergoing a period of painful and profound thought, she could not help but to shout how despicable she is, she believes she is the excellent one in the family, she is skillful and always despises her sister’s dress. In order to satisfy her own vanity, she always treats people with an irrelevant suspicion and confusion. How shameful it is! But this shame serves her right. Even if she really falls in love with someone, she should not be so blind to meet this flunking stage. She is stupid not only in love, but in the vanity. When she first knows them two, one loves her and makes her feel happy, and the other treats her in a cold manner, which makes her angry. All these cause her prejudice and ignorance, when she encounters their affairs. She would not be able to distinguish the right and the wrong. She could be considered to be knowledgeable at last.When we see the blame from heart, we find her shortcomings and the courage that she could face herself directly. It is her bringing that plays a role; she starts to give up the bias caused by self-esteem, truly and seriously understand Darcy. Elizabeth wouldn’t believe the shameless lies about Darcy said by Han and eliminate the misunderstanding and prejudice. She finally falls in love with Darcy. When the sister asks how she would love Mr. Darcy, Elizabeth replies that she should date from the day she sees the beautiful lane manor park. The statement seems to refer to the property of Darcy. Therefore, Jane doesn’t want the sisters to be kidding. In additi on to referring to the specific manor, she also refers thenew Darcy seen in the garden. In other words, Darcy changes the attitude of being arrogant and rude, and this is the reason why Darcy wins Elizabeth’s heart and love.III. Influence of Austin’s Marriage Concept on Marriage Today1.Woman’s social status in Austin’s age and Austin’s marriage conceptMarriage is the central topic in Pride and Prejudice. From the analysis of the marriages, we can see that wealth is the decisive factor of marriage to the female at that time while the major factor of influencing concepts of marriage is women’s social status. In the novel, Austen portrays the women’s low status and the reasons for it. Pride and Prejudice is also a sharp and witty comedy of manners played out in early 19th century English society, a world in which men held virtually all the power and women were required to negotiate mine-fields of social status, respectability, property, and marriage.In a letter Austen wrote to Fanny in 1817, she wrote, “sing le women have a dreadful propensity for being poor---which is one very strong argument in favor of matrimony.”(Gillie, 2005, 98) We get a somber impression of the women in Jane Austen’s lifetime, with fairly rare exceptions, only two professions were open to opportunities and enormous risks, and the latter was arduous, penurious, and little respected. There were also, of course, literature and journalism, but they seldom afforded a stable livelihood. Having a private income, happy matrimony was the only way of life in which middle-and upper-class women could normally hope to find themselves satisfied, esteemed, and secured. The women, in a lower status, in order to live, she has to depend on the marriage or the men, except that she is a rich woman, who owns a large fortune. In that case, it is unnecessary for her to depend on marriage. If it is not in that case, girls must find a rich man to be married. The single women must have their own ways to live on their own. “It is a truth universally acknowledged tha t a single man in possession of a large fortune must be in want of a wife.” (Austen, 2003, 1) This is not a truth, in reverse, it is a truth that a poor woman without fortune is in want of a man in possession of a large fortune. The reason is that she has to live, but she cannot live by her own. Therefore, the ladies take advantage of their beauties and good manners to attract men.In this novel Austen concentrates on women’s fate most. Through her characters’ process of courtship and marriage, Austen shows social background behind their marriage and what low status women have suffered. In Pride and Prejudice, generally the only way for a woman is to get married besides being spinsterhood or governess. To marry a rich and high status man, is a path for the young women to gaining financial security and social status. The novel portrays life in the middle class ruralsociety of the day, and tells the initial misunderstanding and later mutual enlightenment between Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy. They gradually dispel their prejudice and constitute a happy marriage. Here Austen shows the power of love and happiness to overcome class boundaries and prejudice, thereby implying that women should strive for their own love and happiness, but not to according to the social will.However, behind the happy marriage of Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy, Austen mainly wants to show that property, social status still play the most important roles in a marriage, from which women suffered a lot. No right of inheritance, such is particularly the case of the Bennets, a family of five daughters whose father’s estate is entailed to a distant relative, for upon Mr. Bennet’s death they will loose home, land, and income, everything else. After knowing Elizabeth’s refusal to Mr. Collins, Mrs. Ben net threats her daughter that“if you go on refusing every marriage, you will never get a husband, and I am sure I do not know who is to maintain you when your father died.”(Austin, 2003, 150) So it is illustrated that property and social status are more important than marriage. Marriage is an odd phenomenon and it is just an approach, which people could reach their aims and provides them convenience. Austen describes Charlotte’s marriage as a symbol, through which Austen shows the readers what low status w omen hold.Through Pride and Prejudice, Austen portrays the commonly held views on the characters’ marriage. Society, at that time, put a significant value on property and social status, and women in such a society, with their privileges tightly limited, had no chance to develop their personalities and their characters were fettered by the society. There were no centrally organized systems of state---supported schools, and some local grammar schools did exist but did not admit girls. So women’s education be came impossible, and they didn’t have careers, but society required little for their use of knowledge and gave little chance for them to use knowledge. They were denied the possibility of improving their status or gaining their financial security through hard work or personal achievements. They were mostly estimated by others through their property and social status.Therefore, in Pride and Prejudice, marriage is one of the most ideal ways, in which women could gain reputation, wealth and raise their social status. Just as the character Charlotte Lucas in the novel, without thinking highly either of men or matrimony, her life goal is marriage. When proposing and being rejected by Elizabeth, Mr. Collins quickly transfers his attention towards Charlotte Lucas, and he could not possibly be in love with Charlotte, for only three days before he had proposed Elizabeth. YetCharlotte knows the fact that the man she will marry has no attachment to her, just for the will of marrying, but she pays no attention to it. She marries Mr. Collins for the purpose other than love, so she doesn’t care about whether there is love in their marriage. Just as Charlotte says to her fiend “I am not romantic, you know. I never was. I ask only a comfortable home; and considering Mr. Co llins’s character, connections, and situations in life…” she accepts Mr. Collins’s proposal. Austen portrays that Charlotte’s marriage to Collins is a monetary trade. Charlotte marries Collins primarily because he will be able to provide her enough livelihoods and will be able to make her life quite easy by considering estate. So she thinks that the tolerable Collins’s proposing to her is an extremely good fortune for her since he earns his money through inheritance and is in the command of the wealthy lady Catherine. In other words, Charlotte marries Collins not because of love but because of her desire for financial security and raising her social status. Facing the practicality, she would have sacrificed every better feeling to worldly advantages. After their marriage, Charlotte has to endure her intolerable husband.In the novel, Austen also criticizes the marriage concept women held at that time. In terms of marriage, women thought they had no high social status and had no large property, so they thought that marriage was an acceptable path to his high status or their economic safety according to the view of the society. They never thought that they could earn their life and their marriage, which belonged to themselves but not to the social value. They just considered if they could completely integrate into the society and accepted the twisted monetary view and marriage view, and played the roles that the society needed, they could gain their happiness and easy life. Thus, they dressed themselves and were willing to transform themselves into commodities, appearing in kinds of balls, in order to attract men.Although women were forced under the social prejudice, they tried no struggle. They were willing to believe that marriage was a form of trade and in the marriage market they could be given happiness. Facing social prejudice, they also had the consciousness of being humble, thinking that the male was the superiority, and women had to surrender to the society, was seemed to more easily to them. In the novel, Austen demonstrates that women should strive for their own life and marriage, be self-confident and get rid of the illiberal mind, not ruin any chance to realize the value, dignity, personality of theirs. Elizabeth is the best example, although she sometimes shows her pride, she is an admirable, wit, brilliant, and self-confident woman, who conquers many difficulties and at last she gains the true love with Darcy. As for Charlotte, she also could have tried to find somebody she really loves and gets married, like her。
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