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美国动物权益法的规定动物权益是一个受到越来越多关注的话题，法律的制定起着至关重要的作用。
本文将介绍美国动物权益法的规定，涵盖了动物保护、福利和权益的方方面面。
一、动物权益法的背景与重要性动物在过去被视为人类在实验、娱乐或食用中的工具，而没有受到适当的保护。
然而，近年来，越来越多的人开始意识到动物拥有自己的权益和需求。
美国动物权益法的制定就是为了确保动物在人类活动中得到合理对待，保护其权益和福利。
二、动物权益法的主要内容1. 动物福利法案动物福利法案是美国联邦政府制定的基本法，旨在保护在实验室、农场、工厂或其他地方使用的动物。
根据该法案，动物使用者必须提供适当的食物、水和住所，并确保动物的健康和幸福。
2. 动物福利法案的适用范围该法案适用于各个领域，包括农业、实验室和娱乐业。
它涵盖了包括哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物和水生动物在内的广泛物种。
不仅家禽和家畜被保护，连家养宠物也受到关注。
3. 动物权益的发展趋势随着人们对动物权益的关注增加，动物权益法的内容也在不断发展。
2018年，加利福尼亚州通过了历史性的动物福利法案，禁止了动物饲养在狭小的空间中。
其他州也有类似的法案出台，以确保动物得到更好的待遇。
4. 动物权益组织和监管机构美国有多个动物权益组织，例如美国动物福利协会（ASPCA）和人道动物协会（Humane Society of the United States）。
此外，美国农业部（USDA）和食品与药物管理局（FDA）等政府机构也负责监督和执行动物权益相关法律。
5. 动物权益法的争议与挑战动物权益法在执行上仍然面临着挑战和争议。
有些人认为，动物权益法的规定还不够严格，无法真正保护动物的权益。
同时，一些相关行业也对更严格的法规感到担忧，担心其可能带来的经济负担。
三、动物权益法对相关行业的影响1. 农业业动物福利法案对农场动物的饲养和屠宰提出了新的要求。
养殖场需要提供更加宽敞和清洁的环境，同时改善动物的生活条件和屠宰方式。
动物福利简史动物福利（Animal Welfare）是指动物如何适应其所处的环境，满足其基本的自然需求。
科学证明，如果动物健康、感觉舒适、营养充足、安全、能够自由表达天性并且不受痛苦、恐惧和压力威胁，则满足动物福利的要求。
而高水平动物福利则更需要疾病免疫和兽医治疗，适宜的居所、管理、营养、人道对待和人道屠宰。
动物福利尤指动物的生存状况；而动物所受的对待则有其他术语加以描述，例如动物照料，饲养管理和人道处置。
按照国际公认标准，动物被分为农场动物、实验动物、伴侣动物、工作动物、娱乐动物和野生动物六类。
按照现在国际上通认的说法，动物福利被普遍理解为五大自由：①享受不受饥渴的自由，保证提供动物保持良好健康和精力所需要的食物和饮水；②享有生活舒适的自由，提供适当的房舍或栖息场所，让动物能够得到舒适的睡眠和休息；③享有不受痛苦、伤害和疾病的自由，保证动物不受额外的疼痛，预防疾病并对患病动物进行及时的治疗；④享有生活无恐惧和无悲伤的自由，保证避免动物遭受精神痛苦的各种条件和处置；⑤享有表达天性的自由，被提供足够的空间、适当的设施以及与同类伙伴在一起。
1822年，被称为“人道的迪克”的理查德马丁提出“反对虐待以及不恰当地对待牛的行为”的法案在英国国会获得通过。
两年后，在伦敦一家咖啡屋里，牧师亚瑟?布鲁姆召集成立了世界上第一个动物福利组织“反虐待动物协会”（ PSPCA）。
1800年，英国第一个确保动物免受虐待的立法《牛饵法案》被通过。
除了1911年通过的动物保护法之外，英国还陆续出台了很多专项法律，比如野生动物保护法、动物园动物保护法、实验动物保护法、狗的繁殖法案、家畜运输法案等。
英国从1911年制定的《动物保护法》到1995年颁布的《动物福利法》，己经形成了一套完整的动物保护及其福利的立法体系，有关动物保护的法律就有十几个，英国不仅是对于动物福利立法最早的国家，而且是动物福利标准最高的国家。
美国第一个有关动物福利的立法出现在1641年由清教徒制定的《马萨诸塞湾自由典则》中。
美国动物权益法的规定与实践动物权益法在美国的立法和实践中具有重要的地位。
本文将对美国动物权益法的规定进行探讨，并探究美国在实践中保护动物权益方面的举措。
一、动物权益法的规定1. 动物福利法案动物福利法案是美国最早的保护动物权益的立法，要求人们在进行业务或其他类似活动中对动物实施适当的照顾和照料。
根据该法案，禁止人们对动物进行虐待、折磨或残忍行为。
2. 动物福利法动物福利法是美国联邦法律，于1966年通过。
该法案规定了对实验室动物的使用进行监管，要求实验室对动物的使用必须符合合适的照料和条件。
3. 动物进口法动物进口法旨在保护动物免受非法交易和虐待的侵害，在动物进口和交易等方面设立了相应的法律规定和限制。
4. 动物权益法案动物权益法案是美国为保护动物权益而制定的法案之一，该法案强调动物拥有自身权益，要求人们对动物实施合适的照料和保护。
以上是美国动物权益法的一些主要规定，这些法律的制定旨在确保动物能够得到适当的待遇和保护，避免动物遭受虐待和不必要的伤害。
二、美国动物权益法的实践1. 动物保护组织美国拥有众多的专门从事动物权益保护的组织和机构，如美国动物协会（ASPCA）和国际防止虐待动物协会（ISPCA）。
这些组织通过开展救助行动、宣传教育和推动相关法律的修订等方式，为动物提供更好的生存环境。
2. 严格的监管措施美国对动物实验室的使用进行了严格的监管，确保实验动物在实验过程中得到适当的照顾和保护。
此外，美国还设立了专门的动物保护执法部门，负责监督和执行动物权益法的实施。
3. 提倡动物领养为了减少流浪动物的数量，美国积极推广动物领养，并设立了众多的动物收养中心和避难所。
这些中心定期举办领养活动，并提供动物饲养指导，鼓励更多人采取适当的方式帮助无家可归的动物。
4. 健全的法律制度美国动物权益法的实施得到了完善的法律体系的支持。
通过不断修订和完善法律法规，确保对违反动物权益法的行为进行严厉的处罚，提高了法律的执行力度。
美国动物权益法动物福利的法律保障美国动物权益法：动物福利的法律保障作为一个发达国家，美国一直致力于保护动物权益，并通过制定法律来确保动物福利。
这些法律的出台旨在保护动物免受虐待、保证其生存和福利。
本文将探讨美国动物权益法的主要内容及其在保护动物福利方面的法律保障。
一、法律背景1.1 美国动物福利法美国动物福利法（Animal Welfare Act）是美国国内最重要的一项法律来保护动物福利。
该法律于1966年通过，后经多次修正和完善，逐渐成为确保实验动物、宠物和动物在展览、表演和运输过程中受到适当照顾的重要法规。
该法律的主要目标是确保动物不受不必要的疾病、痛苦、伤害或精神折磨。
1.2 动物福利法的范围动物福利法适用于许多不同类型的组织和场所，包括但不限于动物实验室、动物展览、宠物店、农场和动物运输。
该法律规定了对动物饲养、保健、饮水、清洁环境、运输和宰杀的最低要求。
此外，法律还禁止了动物的虐待、残酷杀害、非法贸易以及针对野生动物的猎杀和非法捕捞。
二、具体法律保障措施2.1 动物福利标准美国动物福利法通过设立特定的动物福利标准，确保动物在饲养和照料过程中受到适当对待。
这些标准包括但不限于饲养场地面积要求、饲料和水的质量、动物疫苗接种要求等。
这些标准旨在保证动物的基本需求得到满足，并减少因饲养条件不善而导致的伤害或疾病。
2.2 动物实验室的规范美国动物权益法还对动物实验室中的行为进行了细致规范，确保这些实验对动物造成的痛苦和困扰最小化。
例如，在进行动物实验时，必须获得道德审查和批准，实验过程中需要给予动物镇痛或麻醉，同时监管机构进行定期检查，确保实验室设施符合最低要求。
2.3 宠物保护措施美国动物权益法还针对宠物提供了一系列的保护措施。
宠物的饲养、销售和运输都需要遵守法律规定，确保宠物福利得到保障。
例如，法律规定了宠物的合理饲养条件、兽医护理和接种疫苗的要求，禁止宠物的虐待和虐杀行为。
2.4 动物运输条例美国动物权益法还对动物运输制定了严格的规定。
英国动物福利法英国动物福利法是一项法律，旨在保护动物的福利，确保它们不遭受不必要的痛苦、苦难或伤害。
该法律覆盖了各种不同类型的动物，包括宠物、农场动物、实验动物和野生动物。
在英国，动物福利法律源于不同的法规和法令，其中包括《动物福利法》（Animal Welfare Act）和《野生动物与乡间法》（Wildlife and Countryside Act）。
这些法规确保了动物福利的一系列标准和保护措施。
动物福利法隐含着一些基本原则和规定，包括：1. 五大自由：让动物无拘无束地体验到没有饥饿、口渴、疼痛、不适和恐惧的生活。
2. 保护禽畜：规定了农场动物的合理养殖和照顾要求，确保它们在合适的环境和条件下生活。
这些要求包括良好的饲养环境、适当的饮食、水源和医疗保健。
3. 禁止虐待：动物福利法明确规定了虐待动物的行为是违法的，并对虐待行为设定了刑事处罚。
4. 基本护理：法律规定了的基本护理要求，如提供适当的食物和水，保持洁净的生活环境，提供足够的空间供动物活动，并提供必要的医疗照顾。
5. 宠物福利：该法律明确规定了养宠物的责任和义务，要求宠物主人提供良好的照顾并满足宠物的基本需求如饮食、水源、适当的住所和社交互动等。
6. 实验动物保护：为了保护实验动物，该法律规定所有使用动物进行实验的机构必须符合一系列的伦理和护理要求。
除了以上的基本原则和规定，动物福利法还设有一些特殊保护措施，覆盖了特定类型的动物，如：1. 野生动物保护：保护濒临灭绝的野生动物及其栖息地，禁止非法狩猎、贩卖或捕捞野生动物，并设立了保护区域和自然保护区。
2. 海洋保护：法律规定了海洋保护区，并禁止非法捕捞和掠夺性渔业行为，以维护海洋生物的生态平衡。
3. 狗的群体：该法律规定了狗的饲养标准和繁殖要求，以防止滥繁殖和犬只数量过剩。
4. 神灵动物：针对一些宗教或文化活动中使用的动物，法律设有特殊规定，以确保这些活动不会对动物造成不必要的痛苦或苦难。
美国动物权益法保护动物的法律框架在现代社会中，保护动物权益已经成为一个重要的问题。
为了保护动物的福祉，各国纷纷建立起相应的法律框架来规范与保护动物的权益。
本文将重点介绍美国的动物权益法，包括其法律框架、实施情况以及取得的成果。
一、美国动物权益法的法律框架1. 动物福利法案美国的动物权益法主要包括《动物福利法案》（Animal Welfare Act）和相关的一系列执法机构和组织。
《动物福利法案》于1966年颁布，旨在保护受到实验室以及商业化的动物福利。
该法案规定了研究、展览、出口等场合下对动物的合理对待和保护措施，并制定了相应的执行标准。
2. 美国农业部（USDA）美国农业部负责执行《动物福利法案》，并且监管动物福利方面的各项政策和规定。
该部门通过制定规则和标准，对研究机构、兽医和农场等提供督导和指导，确保动物得到适当的对待和保护。
3. 美国鱼类和野生动物管理局（USFWS）美国鱼类和野生动物管理局是负责管理和保护野生动物资源的机构。
该机构承担了大量的野生动物保护工作，包括庇护、疾病控制和物种保育等。
他们不仅制定了相关政策和规定，还负责监管下属机构和合作伙伴的实施情况。
4. 国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）国家海洋和大气管理局负责保护和管理海洋和沿岸生态系统以及其中的动物资源。
该机构广泛参与海洋生物保护、水域保护和渔业保护等领域的工作，通过法规和精确的管理规定，保护和修复受威胁物种的生态栖息地，以保护动物的权益。
二、美国动物权益法的实施情况1. 动物福利法案的执行美国动物福利法案的执行严格遵循相应的政策和标准。
根据法案规定，实验室、农场和动物繁殖机构等需要进行动物实验或者经营动物的场所，必须向当地的执法机构提交相关的申请和报告。
此外，执法机构对这些场所进行定期的检查和评估，以确保动物的福利得到保护和提高。
2. 执法机构的监督美国农业部、鱼类和野生动物管理局以及其他相关的执法机构都对动物权益法的实施执行进行监督。
动物福利立法的建议动物福利是保护动物康乐的外部条件。
以下是店铺为你整理的动物福利立法的建议，希望大家喜欢!动物福利立法的建议动物福利的五大自由原则。
(1)动物享有不受饥渴的自由。
保证提供动物保持良好健康和精力所需要的食物和饮水，主要目的是满足动物的生命需要;(2)动物享有生活舒适的自由。
提供适当的房舍或栖息场所，让动物能够得到舒适的休息和睡眠;(3)动物享有不受痛苦、伤害和疾病的自由。
保证动物不受额外的疼痛，预防疾病和对患病动物及时治疗;(4)动物享有生活无恐惧和悲伤的自由。
保证避免动物遭受精神痛苦的各种条件和措施;(5)动物享有表达天性的自由。
提供足够的空间、适应的设施以及与同类动物伙伴在一起。
饲养方面。
根据动物福利的“五大自由原则”，各国规定了饲养过程中保障动物福利的一般标准。
如，应该为动物提供新鲜的食用水及健康的食物;有一个庇护所和舒适的休息区;不得对动物实施虐待;在生病的时候能够得到迅速及时的治疗;有适当大的生活空间及同伴;所生活的环境条件及管理方法不会造成其精神损害等福利。
运输方面。
运输会对动物的应激行为产生重要影响。
各国从运输工作人员、运输工具和运输管理等重点方面釆取措施保障动物的福利。
(1)对运输工作人员的要求。
运输工作人员必须要经过专门的动物运输培训。
在进行动物运输尤其是长途运输时，运输者必须预先考虑到动物在运输中可能受到的痛苦和不安。
在运输前要对动物和运输工具进行检查;在运输途中要对动物进行照料和检查;驾驶员应谨慎，保持车的平稳，避免急刹车和突然停止，转弯的时候要尽可能的慢。
(2)对运输工具的要求。
运输工具要达到一定的标准，应当安装防震装置和隔热通风设备，地板要平坦但不光滑，车的侧面不能有锋利的边缘和突出部分;运输工具上要有足够的水和饲料;规定了最大装载密度和装载方法，运输密度不能过高，地板的面积要足够大，使动物能舒服的站着或正常的休息;要保持运输工具的清洁卫生，定期对运输工具进行消毒，动物的粪便、尿液、尸体和垃圾要及时清除。
德国动物福利法1. 德国动物福利法的概述德国动物福利法是一项针对动物福利的法律，旨在保护动物的权利。
该法律要求所有使用动物的人都必须尊重和保护动物的权利，并遵守一定的规定，以确保动物的健康和安全。
该法律规定，所有使用动物的人都必须提供给动物足够的空间，良好的饮食，充足的水，良好的照料，以及适当的休息。
此外，动物的行为也应受到保护，不得受到虐待或滥用。
此外，法律还规定，动物的安全和健康必须受到保护，不得受到任何形式的伤害或损害。
此外，法律还规定，动物的繁殖必须遵守一定的规定，以确保动物的健康和安全。
2. 德国动物福利法的实施德国动物福利法是一项旨在保护动物权益的法律，它的实施将使动物获得更好的照顾和保护。
根据德国动物福利法，动物受到的照顾和保护必须符合一定的标准。
首先，动物必须得到足够的食物和水，以及充足的休息时间。
其次，动物必须得到足够的体力活动，以及有足够的空间来活动。
此外，动物必须得到充分的社会互动，以及必要的医疗照顾。
最后，动物必须得到足够的安全保障，以及足够的安全环境。
德国动物福利法的实施还包括对动物的禁止使用和滥用的规定。
例如，动物不能被用于实验或娱乐，也不能被滥用或虐待。
此外，动物不能被用于商业目的，也不能被用于任何其他形式的虐待或滥用。
另外，德国动物福利法还规定，动物的购买和出售必须遵守一定的规定。
例如，动物的购买者必须提供详细的信息，以便确保动物得到充分的照顾和保护。
此外，动物的出售者也必须提供详细的信息，以便确保动物不会被滥用或虐待。
最后，德国动物福利法还规定，动物的繁殖必须遵守一定的规定。
例如，动物的繁殖必须在符合兽医标准的条件下进行，并且必须确保动物的健康和安全。
此外，动物的繁殖者也必须遵守一定的规定，以确保动物不会被滥用或3. 德国动物福利法的影响德国动物福利法是一项旨在保护动物权利的法律，它规定了动物受到的最低标准，以确保动物得到正当的对待。
这项法律对德国的动物保护有着重大的影响，并且其影响还在不断延伸到其他国家。
第1篇一、案例背景哈佛鼠案例，是指2016年美国哈佛大学发生的一起实验室鼠被误放事件。
该事件引起了广泛关注，涉及动物福利、实验室管理、法律法规等多个方面。
本文将基于此案例，对相关法律法规进行分析。
二、动物福利法规1. 美国动物福利法（AWA）美国动物福利法（Animal Welfare Act，AWA）是美国最重要的动物福利法规，旨在确保实验动物受到人道对待。
根据AWA，实验动物必须由经过培训的人员照顾，并提供适当的饮食、住房和医疗。
在哈佛鼠案例中，实验室鼠被误放，这违反了AWA关于实验动物管理的相关规定。
根据AWA，实验室必须制定详细的动物护理计划，确保动物的福利。
2. 美国公共卫生法（PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals）美国公共卫生法（Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals）是美国联邦政府关于实验动物福利的指导文件。
该文件要求所有使用PHS资金进行动物实验的机构必须遵守严格的动物福利标准。
在哈佛鼠案例中，如果该实验室接受了PHS资金，那么其必须遵守PHS政策的相关规定，包括对实验动物的妥善照顾和管理。
三、实验室管理法规1. 美国职业安全与健康法（OSHA）美国职业安全与健康法（Occupational Safety and Health Act，OSHA）旨在确保工作场所的安全和健康。
在实验室环境中，OSHA要求实验室必须采取措施防止动物和人类的安全风险。
在哈佛鼠案例中，实验室鼠被误放可能涉及到工作场所的安全问题，因此OSHA的相关规定可能适用。
2. 美国国家卫生研究院（NIH）实验室指南美国国家卫生研究院（National Institutes of Health，NIH）发布了详细的实验室指南，旨在确保实验动物的管理和福利。
The translation has been initializedand co-financed by Interpharma.English is not an official language of the Swiss Confederation. This translation is provided for information purposes only and has no legal force.Animal Welfare Actof 16 December 2005 (position as at 1 January 2011)The Federal Assembly of the Swiss Confederation,based on Articles 80, paragraphs 1 and 2, and 120, paragraph 2 of the Federal Constitution1,after consideration of a report submitted by the Federal Council, dated 9 December 20022, decrees:Chapter 1: General provisionsArticle 1 PurposeThe purpose of this Act is to protect the dignity and welfare of animals.Article 2 Scope1 The Act applies to vertebrates. The Federal Council decides to which invertebrates it applies and to what extent. In doing so, it is guided by scientific knowledge on the sensitivity of invertebrate animals.2 The following are reserved: the Hunting Act of 20 June 19863, the Federal Act of 1 July 19664 on Nature and Heritage Conservation, the Federal Act of 21 June 19915 on Fishing, the Vocational Training Act of 13 December 20026 and the Epizootic Diseases Act of 1 July 19667.AS 2008 29651 SR 1012 BBl 2003 6573 SR 922.04 SR 4515 SR 923.06 SR 412.107 SR 916.40Article 3 DefinitionsIn this Act, the following terms are defined as follows:a. dignity: Inherent worth of the animal that has to be taken into account when handlingit. If any stress imposed on the animal cannot be justified by overriding interests, this constitutes a disregard for the animal’s dignity. Stress is deemed to be present in particular if pain, suffering or harm is inflicted on the animal, if it is exposed to anxiety or humiliation, if there is major interference with its appearance or its abilities or if it is excessively instrumentalised;b. well-being: The well-being of animals is given if1.the husbandry and feeding are such that their bodily functions and theirbehaviour are not disturbed and excessive demands are not made on theiradaptability,2.species-appropriate behaviour within the limits of their biological adaptability isguaranteed,3.they are clinically healthy,4.pain, suffering, harm and anxiety are avoided;c. animal experiment: Any measure in which a live animal is used with the aim of1.testing a scientific assumption,2.observing the effect of a particular measure in the animal,3.testing a substance,4.obtaining or testing cells, organs or bodily fluids, except when this is in thecontext of agricultural production, diagnostic or curative operations on theanimal or for determining the health status of animal populations,5.obtaining or replicating organisms alien to the species in question,6.teaching or training.Article 4 Principles1 Anyone who handles animals hasa.to take account of their needs as best as possible; andb.to ensure their well-being as far as the intended purpose allows.2 No one may inflict pain, suffering or harm on an animal, induce anxiety in an animal or disregard its dignity in any other way without justification. The mishandling, neglect or unnecessary overworking of animals is forbidden.3 The Federal Council forbids any further activities on animals if their dignity is thereby disregarded.Article 5 Training and information1 The Federal Government may promote the training and continuing education of people who handle animals.2 It ensures that the public are informed about animal welfare issues.Chapter 2: Handling of AnimalsSection 1: Animal HusbandryArticle 6 General provisions1Anyone who keeps or looks after animals must feed and care for them properly and provide them with the activities and freedom of movement needed for their well-being, as well as shelter where necessary.2 Having consulted the various interest groups, the Federal Council shall issue regulations, and in particular minimum requirements, on the keeping of animals in line with scientific thinking and with the state of the art and technical developments. It prohibits forms of animal husbandry that contravene the basic principles of animal welfare.3 It may define the requirements for the training and continuing education of animal keepers and persons who train animals.Article 7 Reporting and licence obligations1 The Federal Council may make certain types of animal husbandry and the keeping of certain animal species subject to the fulfilment of reporting or licence obligations.2 The placing on the market of mass-produced housing systems and installations for farm animals requires a federal licence. The licence is only granted if the systems and facilities meet the requirements of species-appropriate husbandry. The Federal Council regulates the approval procedure and determines the farm animals to which the procedure is applicable. It may allow exemptions from licence obligations for certain types of animal husbandry.3 A licence is required for the commercial and private keeping of wild animals that pose particular challenges in terms of husbandry and care.Article 8 Investment protectionFollowing construction, buildings and installations for farm animals licensed in accordance with this Act may be used for at least their normal depreciable life.Article 9 Animal care takersThe Federal Council may define the areas other than agriculture in which the use of animal care takers is necessary.Section 2: Animal Breeding and Genetic ModificationArticle 10 Breeding and generation of animals1 The use of natural and artificial methods of breeding and reproduction must not cause any pain, suffering, harm or behavioural disorders in the parent animals or their offspring that results from or is associated with the breeding objective, subject to the provisions on animal experiments.2 The Federal Council issues regulations on the breeding and generation of animals and defines the criteria for assessing the reliability of breeding objectives and reproduction methods; in doing so it takes account of the dignity of the animal. It may prohibit the breeding, production and keeping of animals with certain traits, in particular physical and behavioural abnormalities.Article 11 Licence requirement for genetically modified animals1 Anyone who produces, breeds, keeps, manages or trades in genetically modified animals requires a cantonal licence. Anyone who produces, breeds, keeps or trades in such animals for the purpose of research, therapy or diagnostics requires a cantonal licence according to Article 19, paragraph 1. In other cases, the approval procedure is based on the provisions governing animal experiments and on the Genetic Engineering Act of 21 March 20038.2 Having consulted the various interest groups, the Federal Ethics Committee on Non-Human Gene Technology, the Swiss Expert Committee for Biosafety and the Swiss Committee on Animal Experiments, the Federal Council shall define the criteria for weighing the constraints on the animals against the benefits for research in the production, breeding, keeping and use of genetically modified animals and trading in such animals.3 The Federal Council regulates the requirements binding on the institutes in which activities as defined in paragraph 1, second sentence, are performed, and in particular the requirements with regard to infrastructure, personnel, supervision and documentation.4 It may allow exemptions to the licence obligation or simplifications in the approvals procedure, particularly if it is found that no pain, suffering, harm or behavioural disorders occur in the animal as a result of the production and breeding methods and that the dignity of the animal is otherwise taken into account.Article 12 Reporting obligation1The cantonal authority must be notified about genetically modified animals on which pain, suffering, harm or behavioural disorders are inflicted as a result of production or breeding or whose dignity is violated in other ways.2 The cantonal authority submits these reports to the cantonal commission for animal experiments and decides on the admissibility of further breeding based on the application.3 The Federal Council regulates the details of the report.Section 3: Trade in AnimalsArticle 13 Authorisation systemA licence is required for commercial trading in animals and the use of live animals for advertising purposes.Article 14 International trade1 For reasons of animal welfare and species conservation, the Federal Council may attach conditions to, restrict or prohibit the import, transit and export of animals and animal products. The foregoing does not apply to kosher or halal meat, in order to ensure an adequate supply of such meat to the Jewish and Islamic communities. The authorisation to import and obtain such products is reserved to members of these communities and associated legal entities and partnerships.2 It is forbidden to import dog and cat fur as well as products made therefrom.8 SR 814.91Section 4: Transport of AnimalsArticle 151 Animals must be transported under protected conditions and without unnecessary delay. The travelling time from the place of loading must not be more than six hours. The Federal Council shall issue provisions on exemptions.2 Having consulted the various industry organisations, the Federal Council shall regulate requirements with regard to the training and continuing education of personnel entrusted with the professional transport of animals.Section 5: Surgical Operations Performed on AnimalsArticle 16Painful surgical procedures may only be performed under general or local anaesthesia administered by a specialist. The Federal Council shall determine any exceptions. It determines which persons are deemed to be specialists. This clause is subject to the provisions of this Act relating to animal experiments.Section 6: Animal ExperimentsArticle 17 Limitation to the indispensable minimumAnimal experiments which inflict pain, suffering or harm on the animal, induce anxiety in the animal, substantially impair its general well-being or disregard its dignity in any other way must be limited to the indispensable minimum.Article 18 Licence obligation1 Anyone who wants to conduct animal experiments requires a licence from the responsible cantonal authorities.2 Activities as defined in Article 11, paragraph 1, last sentence, are equivalent to animal experiments within the scope of the approvals procedure.3 The responsible cantonal authority submits licence applications for animal experiments as defined in Article 17 to the cantonal commission for animal experiments.4 Licences are issued for a limited period. They may be subject to conditions and requirements.5 Institutes and laboratories which conduct animal experiments and also housing facilities for laboratory animals must conduct an inspection of the animal population.Article 19 Requirements1The Federal Council defines the requirements for institutes and laboratories in which animal experiments may be conducted with regard to the training and continuing education of personnel and in respect of laboratory animal housing, breeding and operations.2 The Federal Council defines the criteria for assessing indispensability within the meaning of Article 17.3 It may declare certain experimental purposes to be impermissible.4 An animal experiment is impermissible in particular if, in relation to the anticipated gain in knowledge, it inflicts disproportionate pain, suffering or harm or induces disproportionate anxiety in the animal.Article 20 Conduct of experiments1 Pain, suffering or harm may be inflicted on or anxiety caused to an animal only if this is unavoidable for the purpose of the experiment.2 Experiments on animals relatively high on the evolutionary scale may only be carried out if the purpose of the experiment cannot be achieved in animal species that are lower on the evolutionary scale and no suitable alternative methods are available.3 The Federal Council regulates the further requirements on the conduct of experiments.Section 7: Slaughter of AnimalsArticle 211 Mammals must not be slaughtered unless they have been stunned before the start of exsanguination.2 The Federal Council may also stipulate that other animals must be stunned before they are slaughtered.3 The Federal Council specifies the permitted methods of stunning.4 Having consulted the various industry organisations, the Federal Council regulates the requirements with regard to the training and continuing education of slaughterhouse personnel.Chapter 3: ResearchArticle 221 The Federal Government operates and supports scientific research of relevance to animal welfare.2 In collaboration with universities and industry, the Federal Government in particular promotes the development, accreditation and application of methods which replace animal experiments, which enable fewer animals to be used or which result in less stress for the animals. In particular, it promotes research projects aimed at eliminating pain, suffering or anxiety in surgical procedures as defined in Article 16.Chapter 4: Administrative and Public Authority AppealsArticle 23 Ban on the keeping of animals1 The authorities responsible may ban personsa.who have been punished because of repeated or serious violations of the provisionsset forth in this Act and its enactments or of decrees, orb.who are incapable of keeping or breeding animals for other reasonsfrom keeping or breeding animals, or trading in or working professionally with animals fora specified or unspecified period.2 If such a ban is imposed by one canton, it applies throughout Switzerland.3 The federal authorities responsible keep a list of the bans that have been imposed. This may be inspected by the cantonal authorities responsible for issuing such bans if there is a suspicion that persons who have moved to a canton are in violation of the animal husbandry provisions of this Act.Article 24 Regulatory intervention1If it is found that animals are being neglected or kept under completely unsuitable conditions, the responsible authorities must intervene immediately. They may confiscate the animals as a precautionary measure and house them at a suitable place at the expense of the animal keeper; if necessary, they must arrange for the animals to be sold or euthanised. For this they may enlist the assistance of police authorities.2 After the costs of the procedure have been deducted, the proceeds from any such transaction go to the keeper.3 If a deliberate punishable violation of the provisions set forth in this act comes to light, the authorities responsible for enforcement of the animal welfare regulations must report the offence.Article 25 Public authority appeals1 The federal authorities responsible may lodge a formal appeal under cantonal and federal law against decisions made by cantonal authorities with regard to animal experiments.2 The cantonal authorities must immediately inform the responsible authorities of their decisions.Chapter 5: Criminal Provisions9Article 26 Maltreatment of animals1 Anyone who wilfullya.mistreats or neglects an animal, unnecessarily overworks it or in any other waydisregards its dignity;b.deliberately and without provocation kills an animal in a manner that causes itsuffering;anises fights between or with animals in which animals are tormented or killed;d.inflicts pain, suffering or harm on an animal or induces anxiety in it during thecourse of experiments, unless this is unavoidable for the purpose of the experiment;e.abandons or leaves behind an animal that is kept in the house or on the farm with theintention of disposing of itis liable to a term of imprisonment or a fine2 If the offender acts through negligence, he is liable to a term of detention or a fine of up to 20,000 francs.Article 27 Offences committed in international trade1Anyone who violates the Convention of 3 March 197310on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) by wilfully importing, exporting, transporting through the country or taking into possession animals or animal products as defined in Annexes I–III of the Convention is liable to a term of imprisonment or a fine. If the offender has acted through negligence, he is liable to a term of detention or a fine of up to 20,000 francs.2 Anyone who wilfully violates the provisions on international trade (Article 14) is liable toa term of imprisonment or a fine of up to 20,000 francs. Attempting or aiding and abetting the commission of an offence is also an offence. If the offender has acted through negligence, he is liable to a term of detention or a fine of up to 20,000 francs.Article 28 Other offences1 Anyone who wilfullya.disregards the regulations on the keeping of animals;b.violates the regulations on breeding or producing animals;c.violates the regulations on producing, breeding, keeping, trading in or usinggenetically modified animals;d.violates the regulations on the transport of animals;e.violates the regulations on surgical procedures on animals or animal experiments;f.violates the regulations on the slaughter of animals;g.performs other actions on animals that are forbidden by this Act or the Ordinanceis liable to a term of imprisonment or a fine, unless Article 26 is applicable9The threatened penalties shall be interpreted according to Article 333 Paragraphs 2–5 of the Penal Code (SR 311.0) in the Federal Council version of 13 Dec. 2002 (AS 2006 3459; BBl 1999 1979).10 SR 0.4532 Attempting or aiding and abetting the commission of an offence is also an offence. If the offender acts through negligence, he is liable to a term of detention or a fine of up to20,000 francs.3 Anyone who, in any other manner, wilfully or through negligence violates this Act, its enforcement regulations or an individual decision of which he has been notified that carries the sanctions provided for in this Article is liable to a fine.Article 29 Statute of limitationsThe statute of limitations is five years for the prosecution of contraventions and four years for the penalties for contraventions.Article 30 Legal entities and partnershipsArticle 6 of the Federal Act of 22 March 197411 on Administrative Criminal Law applies.Article 31 Prosecution1 The prosecution and judgment of offences is a matter for the cantons. (12)2 The federal authority responsible investigates and judges violations as defined in Article 27. If there has at the same time been a violation of the Customs Act of 18 March 200513, the Federal Customs Administration conducts the investigation and decides on the penalty.3 If a violation simultaneously constitutes a violation as defined in paragraph 2 and a violation to be prosecuted by the federal authority of the Customs Act of 18 March 2005, the Foodstuffs Act of 9 October 199214, the Animal Health Act of 1 July 196615, the Hunting Act of 20 June 198615 or the Federal Act of 21 June 199117 on Fishing, then the penalty for the severest violation applies; it may be increased appropriately.11 SR 313.012 Superseded by Annex section II 12 of the law on the organization of the penal authorities dated 19March 2010, effective from 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125).13 SR 631.014 SR 817.015 SR 916.4016 SR 922.017 SR 923.0Chapter 6: Final ProvisionsSection 1: EnforcementArticle 32 Enforcement by the Federal Government and cantons1 The Federal Council issues enforcement regulations. It may authorise the federal authority responsible to issue implementing regulations of a technical nature.2 Enforcement is the responsibility of the cantons unless the law stipulates otherwise. They may regionalise enforcement.3 The Federal Council determines the extent to which animal holdings must be inspected and how the conduct of animal experiments must be monitored. The inspection of animal husbandries and corresponding data gathering must be coordinated with the inspections that are required under the legislation on agriculture, animal health and food.4 The Federal Council regulates the training and continuing education of the enforcement authorities.5 Enforcement at the customs frontier, the procedure for authorisation within the scope of Article 7 paragraph 2 and the monitoring of international trade in animals and animal products are the responsibility of the Federal Government.Article 33 Cantonal technical officeEach canton must set up a technical office for which the Cantonal Veterinary Officer is responsible and which is suitable for ensuring that this Act and the regulations issued on the basis of this Act are enforced.Article 34 Cantonal Committee on Animal Experiments1Each canton shall appoint a committee of experts for animal experiments which is independent of the licensing authority and is appropriately represented in the animal welfare organisations. Two or more cantons may appoint a joint committee.2 The committee reviews applications and submits a proposal to the licensing authority. It is consulted on the inspection of laboratory animal husbandries and the conduct of experiments. The cantons may entrust further duties to the committee.Article 35 Federal Committee on Animal Experiments1 The Federal Council shall appoint a committee of experts on animal experiments which advises the federal authority responsible and places itself at the disposal of the cantons for questions of a fundamental nature and controversial cases.2 The Federal Committee on Animal Experiments collaborates with the federal ethics committee for biotechnology in the non-human area.Article 36 Animal experiment statisticsThe federal authority responsible publishes annual statistics on all animal experiments conducted in Switzerland. It informs the public about issues concerning animal experiments and genetic modifications in animals.Article 37 Agreement on objectivesThe Federal Council may conclude agreements with the cantons on objectives for the enforcement of parts of this Act.Article 38 Co-determination of organisations and companies1The Federal Government and cantons may consult organisations and companies on enforcement of the Act or may establish organisations suitable for this purpose.2 They supervise the co-determination of these organisations and companies. The duties and authority assigned to them must be defined in a mission statement by the authority responsible. They must provide this authority with details of their business management and accounting. The parliamentary control of federal and cantonal government remains unaffected by this provision.3 The Federal Council and the cantons may authorise the relevant organisations and companies to charge fees for their activities.Article 39 Right of accessThe authorities instructed to enforce this Act have access to premises, facilities, vehicles, articles and animals; in doing so, they act as an agency of the judicial police.Article 40 Supervision by the Federal GovernmentEnforcement of this Act by the cantons is supervised on behalf of the Federal Government by the Department of Economic Affairs.Article 41 Fees1 Unless it stipulates otherwise, this Act is enforced free of charge.2 The cantons are authorised to levy fees fora.licences and official decisions;b.inspections which result in complaints;c.special services which entail expenditure beyond the normal functions of office.3 The Federal Council defines the limits for cantonal fees.Article 42 Cantonal regulations1 If this Act requires supplementation by cantonal law in order for it to be implemented, the cantons are obliged to draw up the relevant regulations.2 The cantons notify the Department of Economic Affairs of the implementing regulations.Section 2:Repeal of Existing Law and Transitional RegulationsArticle 43 Repeal of existing lawThe Animal Protection Law of 9 March 197818 is repealed.Article 44 Transitional regulations in relation to Article 16The surgical castration of piglets without stunning is forbidden as from 1 January 2009. If no practical alternative method is available by this date, the Federal Council may postpone the entry into force of this ban by not more than two years.Article 45 Transitional regulations with regard to legal protectionUntil the entry into force of the Administrative Court Act of 17 June 200519, legal protection is regulated, in addition to the general provisions on the administration of federal justice, as follows: the Appeals Commission of the Department of Economic Affairs assesses appeals against decisions of the Federal Veterinary Office.Section 3: Referendum and CommencementArticle 461 This Act is subject to an optional referendum.2 It will not be published in the Federal Gazette until the Popular Initiative “In favour of modern animal protection (Tierschutz-Ja!)” has been withdrawn or rejected20.3 The Federal Council determines the commencement date.Commencement date; 1 September 20082118 [AS 1981 562, 1991 2345, 1995 1469, Art. 59 section. 1, 2003 4181 4803 Annex section 3, 2006 2197Annex section 45]19 BBl 2005 4093 414620 The popular initiative was withdrawn (see BBl 2006 355).21 BRB 23 April 2008。
