TPO听力总结

t p o听力学科分类及部分单词总结(含词根)Conversation课程学业：1.课程与作业：1-2，5-2，6-2，8-2，9-1，10-1，12-1，15-2，16-2，17-1，19-1，22-2，25-1，26-1，27-1，27-2，28-1，29-1，30-1，30-2，32-1，33-1，33-2，34-22.选课与换课：14-2，21-2，23-2，24-2，28-23.研究项目：2-1，4-2，13-1，20-2校园生活：1.图书馆与书店：1-1，4-1，7-2，9-2，10-2，13-2，14-1，20-1，24-1，26-2，31-2，34-12.校内工作：3-2，7-1，11-2，12-2，15-1，17-2，18-1，18-2，25-23.住宿与餐饮：19-2，32-24.问询：3-1，5-1，8-1，21-1，31-15.社团与活动：2-2，6-1，11-1，16-1，22-1，23-1，29-2TPO lecture 学科背景分类（1-34）1.Physical Science（38）Astronomy2-4（Bode’s Law）3-4（Spectroscopy）5-2（Moon Landing）13-4（Meteorites）14-3（Seafarers and Stars）18-1（Sunspots）19-2（Difficulties in Astronomy）21-1（Geocentric Theory）22-2（Faint Young Sun Paradox）24-4（Shield Volcano on Venus）26-3（Comets）29-4（Carbon Nanotubes）30-3（Jarosite）Ecology & Environmental Science9-2（Shrubs in Tundra）10-3（Phosphorus Cycle）11-3（Landscape & Climate）12-4（Solar Energy）13-2（Interrelationships）17-2（Milankovitsh Hypothesis）20-2（Interglacial Periods）23-2（Earth Radiation Budgets）29-1（Pedodiversity Plant）32-2（Relationships among Species）33-2（Colorado’s Water）34-2（ASP Digestion）Geology1-2（Uranium-Lead Dating）4-2（Moving Rocks）6-4（Climate Change in Sahara Desert）7-4（Glacial Movement）9-3（Desert Lakes）15-2（Geologic Time Periods）16-1（Lechuguilla Cave）30-2（Oviraptor）31-2（Plate Drift）32-3（The Copper Basin）Chemistry5-3（Spectroscopy）8-4（The Periodic Table of Elements）Computer Science21-2（Software Development）2.Social ScienceArcheology1-3（Catalhoyuk）14-4（Passage Graves）23-1（Antikythera Mechanism）24-3（Megafauna）28-4（Gonur-depe）29-3（Clovis People & Caches）32-1（Ancient Bananas）33-1（The Great Pyramid）History4-4（Government Support for Arts）8-3（Vision Correction）10-2（American Food Crops）17-3（Ancient Egyptian Calendar）18-3（Spices）25-3（Egyptian Hieroglyphs）Economics & Business6-1（Boom and Bust）11-4（Advertising）12-2（Managing by Wandering Around）26-1（Green Marketing）34-4（The Life of Innovation）Psychology2-1（Behaviorism）10-4（Childhood Amnesia）14-1（Cognition）15-1（Distraction）30-1（Metacognition）Anthropology7-3（Iroquois People & Birch Tree）22-1（State Formation）31-4（The Botai Culture）Linguistics9-4（Features of Human Language）19-1（Family Tree Model）20-1（Gricean Maxims）Philosophy2-3（Aristotle）28-1（Foundationalism）Sociology5-1（Meme）3.Life ScienceAnimal7-2（Bat’s Use of Ultrasound）10-1（Whales）14-2（Microclimate）17-4（Octopus）18-4（North American Wood Frog）20-4（Snowshoe Hare）21-3（Evolution Theory）22-3（Pleistocene Rewilding）23-3（Dolphin’s Navigation）24-1（Crocodile Vocalization）27-1（Coral Reefs Marine）27-3（Sauropod）31-3（Decline of Coral Reefs）33-3（Notothenioids）12-1（Cell Division）15-4（Biology Community）26-2（Carbon Cycling）Animal Behavior1-4（Marmots）3-1（Humming Birds）4-1（Displacement Activity）8-1（Active Habitat Selection）11-1（Distraction Display）16-3（Foraging Behavior Among Beavers）25-1（Assisted Migration Conservation）25-4（Play）28-2（Mirror Self-Recognition）Botany2-2（Manila Hemp）6-2（Nightcap Oak）19-3（Plants in Salt Mashes）28-3（Plant s’ Photoreceptor）34-3（Plants and Pollinators）4.ArtArt History3-3（Chauvet Painting）8-2（Women Artist in Paris）15-2（Palimpsest）16-4（Stained Glass Art）17-1（Prehistoric Art Dating）18-2（Copies of Greek Sculptures）26-4（Archimedes Palimpsest）34-1（Dadaism）1-1（Rose Frantzen）19-4（Cecilia Beaux）21-4（Alice Neel）27-4（Primary Colors）Music12-3（Opera）16-2（Piano）22-4（Musicians & Film Industry）25-2（Bela Bartok）27-2（Cremonese Violin）30-4（Electric Guitar）31-1（Music in Ancient Greece）Literature4-2（Emerson’s Self－reliance）5-4（Folk Tales and Fairy Tales）6-3（Character Sketch）13-3（Medieval Poetry）20-3（Folk Tales）Architecture11-2（Cape Cod House）13-1（Pedestrian Malls）29-2（Reverberation）32-4（Harriet Morrison Irwin）33-4（The Renaissance Gardens）Dance History23-4（Screen Dance）24-2（Modern Dance）Theater History7-1（The Well－made Play）9-1（Philippe Jacques De Loutherbourg）Film History3-2（Jean Painleve）astronomy2-4asteroid beltMercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranus (天神，乌拉诺斯)NeptunePlutoAstronomical unitPatternCeresobjectGravitation gravity，grav=heavy重，或悲伤Grave 严肃的，庄重的，坟墓Aggra－vation 加重，恶化You can imagine that there was some interest in why the 2.8 spot was skipped Validity3-4bloom 花，开花期 n. 开花，使植物繁盛，大量出现v.spectroscopy spectroscopicspectraspectral linesspectrum 光谱，波普，范围，系列spectral graphemitchemical compositioncrystal prismbeamoptical radiationexposeuranium 以Uranus 为依据命名heliumbleed intomagnify 放大，赞美randomlycompileflamefingerprintextensivecircumspect 小心谨慎的circum周围+spect看→看周围→小心2perspective 透视的per全部+spect看+ive……的→看透了的→透视的3prospective 预期的prospect前景+ive……的→adj.预期的4respectable 可敬的;人格高尚的respect尊敬+able可以……的→adj.可敬的;人格高尚的5respectful 恭敬的,尊重的respect尊敬,尊重+ful有……的→adj.恭敬的,尊重的6respective 各自的,各个的re回+spect看+ive……的→回头看[自己]→各自的7retrospective 追想的,回顾的retrospect[v.回顾,回想]+ive……的→adj.追想的,回顾的8spectacular 壮观的,引人注目的spect看+acular……的→adj.壮观的,引人注目的 n.壮观的演出Badv.1respectively 分别地, 各个地respective[adj.各自的,各个的]+ly表副词→adv.分别地, 各个地Cn.1prospect 景象,前景pro前面+spect看→向前看→前景2aspect 样子, 外表, 面貌, [问题等的]方面a加强意义+spect看→看的东西→外表,容貌3circumspection 细心,慎重circumspect[adj.小心谨慎的]+ion表名词→n.细心,慎重4inspector 检查员, 巡视员inspect[v.检查,调查,视察]+or人→n.检查员, 巡视员5inspection 检查,审查;检阅inspect[v.检查,调查,视察]+ion表名词→n.检查,审查;检阅6prospectus 章程,内容简介;创办计划pro前+spect看+u s→向前看的东西7respect 敬意,问候,关系,方面re再+spect看→再看[一眼]→尊敬8spectacle [spect看+acle东西→看的东西→景象;眼镜9spectacular 壮观的演出spect看+acular……的→adj.壮观的,引人注目的 n.壮观的演出10spectator 观众,旁观者spect看+ator人→看的人11spectrum 系列，范围；光谱spect看+rum→可以看的范围Dn.&v.1respect 尊敬,尊重re再+spect看→再看[一眼]→尊敬Ev.1expect 预期;期望,指望ex出+pect=spect看→看出去,看外面→期待2inspect 检查,调查,视察in内,里面+spect看→看里面→检查3retrospect 回顾,回想retro向后+spect看→向后看4speculate 思索;推测spec=spect看+ulate→看准了→思考,投机5suspect 怀疑sus下面+spect看→在下面看一看,斜眼看→怀疑前缀: per- 1. 表示"贯穿,自始至终;全部"; 2. 表示"假,坏"Aadj.1perennial 全年的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+enn年+ial的→全年的2permanent 永久的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+man拿住+ent……的→永久拿住→永恒的3pernicious 有害的,有毒的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+nic毒+ious……的→有毒的4perplexed 困惑的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+plex重叠+ed……的→重叠在一起→困惑的5perspective 透视的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spect看+ive……的→看透了→透视的6perspicacious 独具慧眼的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spic看+acious多……的→全部看到→独具慧眼7perverse 刚愎自用的,故意作对的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+vers转+e→一直和别人拧着转8perfunctory 草率的per假,坏+funct作用+ory……的→没起好作用→草率的Bn.1percussion 敲打;碰击; 冲突per贯穿,自始至终;全部+cuss摇动,敲打+ion表名词→一直敲打2peroxide 过氧化物per贯穿,自始至终;全部+oxide氧化物→贯穿的氧化物→过氧化物3perturb 烦乱,扰乱per贯穿,自始至终;全部+turb搅→直搅乱→扰乱4perfidy 不忠,背叛per假,坏+fid相信+y状态→假相信→不忠诚5perjury 伪证,假誓per假,坏+jur发誓+y状态→假发誓;参考:jury陪审团Cv.1perforate 打洞per贯穿,自始至终;全部+forate打孔→打孔穿过→打洞2perfuse 使洒遍,横流per贯穿,自始至终;全部+fuse流→流遍3permeate 弥漫,遍布,散布;渗入,渗透per贯穿,自始至终;全部+me走+ate表动词→走过去→渗透过去4persist 坚持per贯穿,自始至终;全部+sist站→站到最后→坚持5perspire 出汗per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spir呼吸+e→全身呼吸→出汗6persuade 劝说per贯穿,自始至终;全部+suade劝→一直劝→劝说7peruse 细读per贯穿,自始至终;全部+use利用→[读书的时候]全部利用→细读8pervade 弥漫,普及per贯穿,自始至终;全部+vade走→走遍,遍及9perpetrate 做坏事;犯罪per假,坏+petr石+ate表动词→像石头一样顽固的做坏事→专横,做坏事10pervert 堕落,滥用per假,坏+vert转→转向坏→堕落1.you get the idea2.Anyone want to take a stab at the scientific term for visible light? And I’m sure all of you know thisbecause you all did the reading for today3.before we get into that, it’s probably a good thing to back up a bit4.what happens if the sunlight’s spectrum is magnified? Maybe you all didn’t do the reading. Well,here’s what you’d see.5.I’m sure all of you know it. OK. Let’s try something else. Any of you happened to be familiar withthe …?5-2compelling reasonspinpointimpact craterbasincolor-coated imagespacecraftlunarorbitequatortopographical 地形的elevation (low, high)diameterdepthplanetaryredistributecrustmantlepenetratecomposition, formationmeteor showerconcentration of hydrogencometmoleculeevaporationprimitiveoxygen and hydrogenrocket fuelmaybe a ways off: way off, 偏离轨道，错得厉害，有很大距离，（”I think you are way off base.）haul: to move something really big with a lot of effortsperpetually, eternally, perpetual motion (永动机), permanentgive or takecrude estimateby inference “You seemed to know about the book and by inference I though t you had read it.”13-4meteoroids 流星体meteorite：陨石meteor: 流星，大气现象，meteorology，气象学，mythologyinterplanetary spaceproportionterrestrial territory terr＝earth，土地；frighten，可怕，恐惧；extraterrestrial 地球外的，宇宙的 Mediterranean，地中海的subterranean，地下的，subterrane，下层，洞穴，地下室cometasteroid (-oid, 希腊语，like， acidoid, 似酸的， asteroid，星状的，小行星，organoid，类器官debris uncountable noun 残骸，碎片，垃圾methanecarbon dioxide (monoxide) nitric oxide 一氧化氮particlenickelindistinguishableleft overanalogous: similar, “marine construction technology like this is very complex, somewhat analogous to trying to build a bridge under water.”Analogy 类似，相似，比拟，“The teacher draw an analogy between the human heart and a pump.”Now I’m going a bit out of a boarder here.the thing is, what’s especially interesting about … is that…难句: they consist of the same chemical elements that are in matter originated on earth.It might help if you think of…remember we talked about the two classes of planets in our solar system? And how they differ in composition?14-3latitude 纬度longitudealtitude elevationorient v. 标定方向，使熟悉或适应，orient oneself orientation n.oriental 东方的seafarersnavigationalpartition v. 分割 partition the country 分裂国家symmetrical 对称的匀称的symmetric 对称性的historichistoricalidenticalcanoediscern 看出理解了解识别Vikingkeep track of seasonsecology9-2we are around the topicCelsiusVegetationShrubTundra: a flat land with very little vegetationPrecipitation, respirationThawPermafrostImpermeableNone of the plants that grow there can have deep roots, can they? No, and that’s one of the reasons that shrubs survive in the arctic Interfere withMicrobes microbialMicroscopic organismNitrogenPhosphorusInsulateRun-offSemiaridPrairie10-3scarce scarcitynitrogen, carbon, phosphorus硫，sulphur sulphuricbreak down erodeparticleweather v.mine v.fertilizerdecomposecompositionalgaeclogadverse adversitysediment depositsubstantial11-3citrusbout 发作 I was suffering with a bout of nerves一段时间，一阵（不愉快的事大量发生）The latest bout of violence has claimed twenty-four lives.Spell of frost 一阵（某种活动，天气等）Wetland swamp marsh 淹没，使陷入困境，忙的不可开交OverwhelmedSwampy marshy 泥泞的沼泽的marshmallowsugar coated hawsdrain 排水 v. 下水道n. drainage 废水，排水系统sewer 下水道阴沟divert 转道，转向－vert＝turnconvert convertible 可辩论的敞篷车ventilate 通风 ventilate the room ventilatorsubscribe 订阅 subscribe to 同意，支持Fahrenheit CelsiusPlumb v. plumberA drop in the bucket12-4alternative energy sourcediffused 含糊不清的难以理解的diffuse v. 传播四散普及 to diffuse new ideas fuse 融化融合保险丝引信 confusespur v. 策马前进鼓励激励加速推动 n. 马刺，刺激因素fall into two categoriespanel 专门小组仪表板solar energyplantmega13-2interrelationshipinterdependenceecosystem ecofriendlylogpondstanding stillmammalssponge songebob squarepantssoak up17-2circular a. ovalelliptical a. 隐晦的，间接的hemisphere sphere 势力范围圈子，阶层This area was formerly within the sphere of influence of the US Glacier 冰川Rotation rotateAxis 轴 symmetry axisScopeSkeptical 怀疑性的TiltPrecessionGeology16-1permeablepermeate the smell of roast beef permeated the airlimestonesulfuric acidbacteriadiagram,let’s draw a diagramwater table 地下水位fissure deep crack in something, especially in rock.Carbonic acidDissolveSolubleSolutionSolv: loosen 溶解，解决，松开Dry as a boneBone dry: the river bed is bone dry.Residue: 残余，残渣，remainsPesticide residue：农药残留Homicide: 凶杀， suicide: 自杀Cide: cut, kill; homi: 人DecideGypsumDormant: 潜伏的，休眠的，静止的Dormant volcanoElaborate: 复杂的，精心制作的，精巧的Labor; 劳动Collaborate: 合作，协作15-2gravelgrav=heavy, 沉重的，悲伤的grave，aggravationgravity, gravitationgravitateepoch: 纪元，时期erosion and weatheringremnants: 残存物CE: common eraBCE: before common era 公元纪年AD: Anno Domini, in the year of our lord, 主的纪年BC: before ChristLivestock; 牲畜9-3Arabian PeninsulaBarren: 贫瘠的，荒原Monsoon: 季风，季风季节，季风雨Dot, spotButte: 孤山，独立的山丘Butt，buttonSand duneTorrential: torrential rain pours down very rapidly and in great quantities. Clay siltChop up 切开，割断 chopstick lamb chopHollow: 坑，洞，山谷 a hollow tree, 空心的树Ridge: 背脊，山脉，田埂，隆起Hollows and ridges: 沟壑3-3（Chauvet Painting）8-2（Women Artist in Paris）15-2（Palimpsest）16-4（Stained Glass Art）17-1（Prehistoric Art Dating）18-2（Copies of Greek Sculptures）26-4（Archimedes Palimpsest）34-1（Dadaism）1-1（Rose Frantzen）19-4（Cecilia Beaux）21-4（Alice Neel）27-4（Primary Colors）3-3cave paintingslides 幻灯片diagram，picturedepictprimitivedating techniquecharcoalPaleolithicNeolithic8-2canny，canny valleypremiereBiology12-1renew 更新，延长有效期tissuechromosomespringcoil up 盘绕，卷成一圈，coil：线圈，卷tongue in cheek 开玩笑的，不是认真的，风凉话，说说而已sequence，repetitiouslacethreadravel: 使纠缠，变得错综复杂，磨损，unravel，解开，阐明1-3settlementinhabitantNeolithicPaleolithicHatchway hatch孵化HearthPlaster 灰泥Lung ribSootBurial sitesAncestor 祖先词根 cess go 行走前进accessibleexcessive 过分的过度的successive suc 随后连续的继承的 successor 继承人继任者 heir heritor process 过程处理concession 让步迁就speculateexcavationcav holelife science12-1be programmed to do 预先设定好了要nerve cellsgene genetic informationchromosome (练习听开头猜测chromosome定义)springcoil 盘绕卷成圈线圈 coil upbreak off 分离脱离停止enzyme 酶immortal 不死的，永恒的，不朽的mortal 致命的，不共戴天的，终有一死的，极度的凡人人类mort ＝ death15-4inorganicphotosynthesisphoton光子microbe。

新托福听力场景汇总之LECTURE篇1. 生物学antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染/ 感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus 病毒disfection消毒sterilization灭菌biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学entomology 昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur恐龙die out / extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater 水下的marine 海洋的scuba 水下呼吸器diving潜水/ 跳水one-celled organism单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protective camouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanic snail蜗牛animal adaptation动物适应性survival of the fittest适者生存origin of species物种起源wild environment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatal care 产后护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tiny receptor接收器nerve / specimen物种amphibian两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene基因genetic基因的，遗传的endangered species濒危动物survival活着的transition转变/过渡microbe微生物yeast 酵母（菌）bacteria 细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孙chew up咀嚼unfertilized eggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/ 食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasma lemma / cell membrane细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein蛋白质amino acid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutation of species物种变异chromosome染色体genetic engineering 遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种variation变异2. 动物学zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择phylum门class纲order 目suborder亚目family科genus属species 种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate 灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠；蛰伏regeneration再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock （牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige 退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy解剖学appetite食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊椎digestive system消化系统excretory system排泄系统reproductive system生殖系统circulatory system循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system内分泌系统digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine小肠large intestine大肠anus肛门digestive gland消化腺salivary gland 唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰squirrel 松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen / crocodile 鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork 鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage 羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫wasp黄蜂hornet 大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle触须larva幼虫3. 海洋生物学jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼4. 植物学botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture园艺学aquatic plant水生植物parasite plant寄生植物root根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf叶leaflet小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud花蕾petal 花瓣peel / skin果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark 树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle 丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie 大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses 石松类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue组织organ器官system系统seeds 种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交root pressure根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tension凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant 绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree 针叶树larch落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper 刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood 红木树plum blossom梅花orchid兰花chrysanthemum菊花water lily荷花/莲花rhododendron 杜鹃花rose 玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily 百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn / maize / mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小麦rye 黑麦barley大麦oats燕麦5. 气象学meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorological station气象站forecast / predict 预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere电离层exosphere逸散层cold front冷锋warm air mass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp / moist / humid潮湿humidity 湿度moisture潮湿/ 水分saturate饱和dew 露frost 霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense浓缩crystal水晶体sheet （水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain大雨tempest (storm) / torrential rain暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard / snowstorm暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado / twister / cyclone龙卷风wind scale风级tsunami / seismic sea wave海啸tidal wave潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗云disaster / calamity / catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection对流wind velocity风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast长期预报numerical weather prediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析；卫星云图6. 地质学crust地壳mantle 地幔core地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust海洋地壳layer / stratum地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane断层面fault zone断层带rift / crack / split断裂disintegration / decomposition分解erosion腐蚀fossil化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite花岗岩marble大理石lithosphere岩石圈magma / molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble 碎石debris残骸platinum白金/铂金silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead 铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞/水银sodium 钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier 冰川glacial冰川的glacial epoch / age / period冰川期glacial drift冰渍moraines冰碛iceberg冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided) cone volcano锥状火山（陡峭）eruption火山喷发crater火山口caldera （开口较大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash火山灰geyser间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismic intensity scale震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave横波longitudinal wave纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm灾变tsunami / tidal / force海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩melt global warming 全球逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog泥炭沼泽Great Canyon大峡谷Nile River尼罗河Colorado river 科罗拉多河crumples zones地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物7. 考古学archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropolog人类学archaeologist人类学家pale-anthropologist古人类学家ecological anthropologist生态人类学家psychological anthropologist心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同以种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate / unearth挖掘ruins 遗迹/废墟remains遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物/文物antique 古物/古董antiquity古代/古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的fossil化石ancient civilization古代文明cave man山顶洞人cultural relics文物rock painting岩画8. 地理学hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude纬线longitude经线/ 经度elevation海拔altitude高度/ 海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperature latitudes 温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole北极Antarctic / Antarctica南极the Antarctic Continent 南极洲the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle北极圈aurora极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis绿洲enclave飞地peak山峰cordillera / ranges山脉carven / cave洞穴terrain地域subterranean地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upper reaches上游lower reaches下游tributary 支流deposit沉积spring / fountain泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed河床gulf / bay海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular 半岛archipelago群岛delta三角洲landlocked area内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent 次大陆cliff山崖valley山谷hillside / mountain slope山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial 地球的/陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment沉积物tropical热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的frost heaving 冻胀现象tundra苔原，冻原fieldstone卵石the Mediterranean Sea地中海the primeval forest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)fjord峡湾coral reef珊瑚礁Chalk白垩纪cataclysm大洪水ridge山脊；分水岭abyss 深渊territory 版图；领土地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脉Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius维苏威火山Pompeii庞贝precipice悬崖eon世；纪；代glacier冰河Pangaea盘古大陆dune 沙丘Lagoon 咸水湖9. 天文学astronomy天文学astronomical observatory天文台planetarium天文馆astrophysics 天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology 宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial 天体的celestial body / heavenly body天体celestial map / sky atlas天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf / dwarf star矮星quasar类星体constellation 星座galaxy / Milky Way银河系star cluster星团asterism星群solar system太阳系solar corona日冕solar eclipse日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet行星planetoid / asteroid 小行星revolve旋转twinkle闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn 土星Uranus天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteor shower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet 彗星space / outer space太空，外层空间spacecraft / spaceship宇宙飞船space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman 宇航员space suit 宇航服stellar 恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia氨photosphere光球；光球层chromospheres 色球；色球层日冕层sunspot太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare耀斑（发生在色球层）solar prominence日珥（发生在色球层）convection zone对流层vacuum真空infrared ray红外线absolute magnitude绝对量级emission发射/散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪，干涉仪illusive object 幻影体faint 微弱的image影像gravitational force吸引力molten融化的leap year闰年rotation 自传revolution公转black hole 黑洞ultraviolet ray紫外线luminosity光度light year光年10. 环保相关ecology 生态学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora 植物群rain forest雨林food chain 食物链acid rain酸雨greenhouse温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere臭氧层ultraviolet radiation紫外辐射pollution control污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste 废物solid waste固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification污水净化swage disposal污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝11. 能源相关fossil fuel矿物燃料process of photo synthesis光合作用solar energy太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energy conservation保护能源resource资源energy source能源资源tidal energy 潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的rush hour高峰期zero emission零辐射wildness野生/天然preservation保护atmosphere大气carbon碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil煤油燃烧global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level海平面上升long-term climatic change长期的气候变化environmental recycling center再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage工业污水recycling再循环purify 净化deteriorate恶化acid rain酸雨sewage disposal污水处理environment protection环境保护ozone layer臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot烟尘El Niño 厄尔尼诺现象12. 新技术发明相关13. 人类学artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor业主mortal 犯人precursor先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice学徒mechanic机械工minimalist简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal 家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的versatile （人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic 逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive 感人的prodigious巨大的classic 经典的posthumous死后的14. 发展史文学pose散文diary日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose叙述性descriptive prose 描写性essay随笔poetry 诗歌ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb 谚语model人物原型leading character主人公main plot主要情节prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism文学批评literary studies文学研究schools of literature文学流派comparative literature比较文学realism现实主义surrealism超现实主义futurism未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musical instrument乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓foot beat跺脚note 音符score乐谱movement 乐章fanatical狂热的hillbilly music乡村音乐folk music民间音乐pop music流行音乐classical music古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rock and roll摇滚乐band music / wind music管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp 竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet单簧管oboe双簧管keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting指挥podium指挥台accompaniment伴奏quality音质volume音量chord和弦harmony和声rest 休止time节拍lullaby催眠曲prelude 序曲epilogue尾声政治经济subsistence存活，生活subsistence wage刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平kinship亲属关系，血缘关系commodity商品check支票；收据；账单bank loan 银行贷款interest 利息withdraw从银行账户中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft)承兑a run on a bank挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）；保护消费者权益主义affluence富裕，富足sophisticated世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的建筑architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构wing 辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator 电梯skyscraper摩天大楼design element设计元素log structure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype原型building technique建筑工艺new material新材料metal-frame金属结构repair person修理工planetarium天文馆aquarium水族馆archives档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral大教堂mosque清真寺the statue of liberty自由女神像the triumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid 金字塔castle城堡美术fine arts美术oil painting油画water color水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster海报/招贴画charcoal drawing木炭画mural painting / fresco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landscape painting风景画still life静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush 画笔drawing board画板perspective透视画法original 原作copy临本reproduction / replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy书法paste裱糊impressionistic style印象派风格framing装框sculpture 雕塑sculptor 雕塑家figurine小雕像bust 半身雕塑像statue塑像unique唯一的/独特的animator漫画家saxophonist 萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo靛蓝purple紫色。

TPO15 1. Psychology 2. GeologyTPO16 1. Geology 2. Music HistoryTPO17 1. Art History 2. Environmental Science TPO18 1. Astronomy 2. Art HistoryTPO19 1. Linguistics 2. AstronomyTPO20 1. Linguistics 2. Environmental Science TPO21 1. History of Science(Astronomy2. Computer ScienceTPO22 1. Anthropology 2. AstronomyTPO23 1. Archaeology 2. Environmental Science TPO24 1. Biology 2. Dance History(Art)TPO25 1. Conservation Biology 2. Music HistoryTPO26 1. Advertising(Economics) 2. BiologyTPO27 1. Marine Biology 2. History of Musical Instrum TPO28 1. Philosophy 2. Animal Behavior(Bio) TPO29 1. Plant Ecology(Bio) 2. ArchitectureTPO30 1. Psychology(Bio--meta-cogniti2. Paleontology(Bio)TPO31 1. Music 2. GeologyPsychology15(1),30(1*)Geology15(2),16(1),31(2)Art(Music, Dance)15(3),16(2),16(4),17(1)Biology15(4),16(3),17(4),18(4)Environmental Science17(2),20(2),23(2)History17(3),18(3)Astronomy18(1),19(2),21(1),22(2)Linguistics19(1),20(1)Literature20(3)Computer Science21(2)Anthropology22(1),31(4) Archaeology23(1),24(3),25(3),28(4) Economics26(1)Philosophy28(1)Architecture29(2)Structural Engineering(Aeronaut29(4)Conversation 1,1BConversation 1,2AConversation 1,3ADConversation 1,4CConversation 1,5BLecture 2,1DLecture 2,2ALecture 2,3CLecture 2,4CLecture 2,5ALecture 2,6BLecture 3,1DLecture 3,2CDLecture 3,3BLecture 3,4ALecture 3,5CLecture 3,6BConversation 4,1DConversation 4,2CConversation 4,3BDConversation 4,4ADConversation 4,5ALecture 5,1BLecture 5,2DLecture 5,3ADLecture 5,4Lecture 5,5Lecture 5,6TPO13conversation1,1conversation1,2conversation1,3conversation1,4conversation1,5pedestrian Lecture 2,1城市计划徒步的 mall Lecture 2,2城市计划Lecture 2,3城市计划Lecture 2,4城市计划Lecture 2,5城市计划Lecture 2,6城市计划Lecture 3,2 生态学Lecture 3,3 生态学Lecture 3,4 生态学Lecture 3,5 生态学Lecture 3,6 生态学conversatin 4,1conversatin 4,2conversatin 4,3TPO14conversation1,6conversation1,7conversation1,8conversation1,9conversation1,10pedestrian Lecture 2,7城市计划徒步的 mall Lecture 2,8城市计划Lecture 2,9城市计划Lecture 2,10城市计划Lecture 2,11城市计划Lecture 2,12城市计划Lecture 3,1 生态学Lecture 3,2 生态学Lecture 3,3 生态学Lecture 3,5 生态学Lecture 3,6 生态学conversatin 4,4conversatin 4,5conversatin 4,6TPO15conversation1,11conversation1,12conversation1,13conversation1,14conversation1,15pedestrian Lecture 2,13城市计划徒步的 mall Lecture 2,14城市计划Lecture 2,15城市计划Lecture 2,16城市计划Lecture 2,17城市计划Lecture 2,18城市计划Lecture 3,1 生态学Lecture 3,2 生态学Lecture 3,3 生态学Lecture 3,4 生态学Lecture 3,5 生态学Lecture 3,6 生态学conversatin 4,7conversatin 4,8conversatin 4,93. Art History3. Biology3. History (Egypt Calendar 3. European History3. Marine Biology3. Literature3. Biology3. Zoology(Biology)3. Marine Biology3. Archaeology3. History(Archaeology) 3. Astronomy3. Zoology(Biology)3. Botany(Bio)3. Archaeology3. Astronomy3. Marine Biology18(2),19(4),21(4),22(4) 19(3),20(4),21(3),22(3)24(4),26(3),30(3)29(3)主旨题细节题细节多选题细节题重听题主旨题目的题细节题细节题细节题重听题主旨题多选题细节题细节题细节题重听题主旨题细节题多选题多选题重听题主旨题细节题多选题CBABDCAADADAC CA D DA C AD CB A B DC A AD A D AD C CD DA C AD CB A B DC A AD A D AD C CA D DA C AD4. Biology4. Art History4. Biology4. Biology4. Art History4. Biology4. Art History4. Music History4. Choreography(Art)4. Astronomy4. Animal Behavior(Bio)4. Art Conservation4. Studio Art4. Archaeology4. Structural Engineering(Aeronautics) 4. Music History4. Anthropology23(4),24(2),25(2),26(4)23(3),24(1),25(1),25(4)材料一开头 说 女生要借书，looking for ths book问及书的去向时，管理员说书都在馆内，女生找不到的原因，一定是别人在看。

TPO1Lecture1: Contemporary artart fairs: 艺术博览会be keep at it: 坚持，不放弃Lecture3: Archeology\Neolithic period: 新石器时代obsidian: 黑矅石rectangular: 矩形的hatchway: 天窗diagonal: 对角线~plaster: 石膏hearth: 灶台，壁炉chimney: 烟囱soot: 煤烟，烟灰rib: 肋骨<burial: n.埋葬layout: 布局；设计；安排；陈列physical artifact: 物理赝像；人工制品Lecture4: BiologyCereal Crops: 粮食作物^marmot: 旱獭，土拨鼠Rodents: 啮齿动物，啮齿类ground squirrel: 地松鼠reside: 居住temperate climate: 温带气候:hibernate: vi.冬眠hibernation: n.冬眠；蛰伏frost: 霜vegetative parts: 茎叶部分loner: 孤独的人；不合群的动物[ritual: 仪式；惯例；礼制impersonal: 客观的edible: 可食用的bizarre: 奇异的harsh: 严酷的；严厉的；刺耳的/TPO2Conversation1:rule of thumb: 经验法则meteorological: 气象的，气象学的statistical: 统计的，统计学的—jot: 略记；摘要记载下来(jot down) notepad: 笔记本，记事手册Lecture1: Philosophydistinction: 区别；差别；特性contemplation: 沉思；注释；意图$Lecture2: Psychologyverify: 核实；查证muscular: 肌肉的；肌肉发达的；强健的manifestation: 表现；显示；示威运动laryngeal: n.喉部；喉音adj.喉的；喉头治疗用的—larynx: 喉；喉头overt: 明显的；公然的；蓄意的covert: 隐蔽的；隐秘的；偷偷摸摸的electrode: 电极；电焊条motor theory: 肌动理论…ideomotor action: [心理]动念动作eyeball: 眼球；眼珠子definitively: 决定性地；最后地Lecture3: Botanytextile: 纺织品，织物；纺织的…hemp: 大麻ocean-going ship: 远洋轮船moor: v停泊；n沼泽，荒野degrade: 贬低；使···降级；使···降解stainless steel: 不锈钢《extract: 提取；摘录bundle: 束；捆Lecture4: Astronomyasteroid belt: 小行星带decimal: 小数；小数的{Mercury: 水星Venus: 金星tantalizingly: 逗人地；···得令人着急Saturn: 土星Uranus: 天王星…validity: 有效性；正确；正确性starlike: 星形的；星般闪烁的aster: 星状体TPO3Conversation1:'receptionist: 接待员；传达员registrar: 登记员Lecture1: Environmental Sciencehumming bird: 雀鸟，蜂鸟every so often: 偶尔；常常；时常—nectar: 花蜜；甘露energy-efficient: 节能的，；高能效的pollinate: 对···授粉ecological tourism: 生态旅游Lecture2: Film History"hybrid: 杂种；混合物；混合的context: 环境；上下文；来龙去脉conform: 遵照，符合，conform to norm: 规范，基准fuse: 使融合；使融化；保险丝，导火线&aquatic: 水生的；水栖的mollusk: (美)[无脊椎]软体动物uncanny: 神秘的；离奇的；可怕的innovator: 改革者，创新者shallow water: [水文]浅水，浅海~documentarist: 纪实小说者，纪录影片导演incorporate: 包含，吸收；体现；合并catch on: 理解，明白；变得流行buffs: 爱好者Conversation2:￥barn: 谷仓；畜棚；车库artifact: 人工制品；手工艺品pottery: 陶器；陶器厂incentive: 动机；刺激Lecture3: Art History~pipe up: 高声说话；开始吹奏confirmation: 确认；证实；证明；批准Paleolithic: 旧石器时代的charcoal: 木炭；炭笔be skilled at: 熟练(herbivore: 食草动物bison: 北美野牛；欧洲野牛rhinoceros: 犀牛mammoth: 长毛象；猛犸象utter darkness: 一片漆黑…on that note: 关于这一点Lecture4: Astronomy spectroscopy: 光谱学spectroscopic: 光谱学的；分光镜的spectra: 光谱，spectrum的复数形式、spectral: 光谱的spectral line: [光]光谱线spectrograph: 光谱仪prism: 棱镜a beam of: 一束take a stab at: 试图做某事optical radiation: 光学辐射violet: 紫罗兰；紫罗兰色的magnify: 放大；赞美；夸大flame test: [热]焰色试验…helium: [化学]氦，太阳元素TPO4Conversation1:critique: 批评；评论文章fuss: 大惊小怪；小题大做basement: 地下室；地窖stacks: [图]书库Lecture1: Biologypreen: 打扮；用嘴整理；整理羽毛groom: 打扮；整饰；推荐redirecting: 重新定向inhibit: 抑制；禁止disinhibition: [生理]去抑制；脱抑制；抑制解除ruffled: 有褶饰边的；气恼的；鸟受惊时羽毛竖起wood thrush: 画眉鸟beak: 鸟嘴；鹰钩鼻子perch: 高位；栖息Lecture2: Literaturedismiss: 解散；不予理会、不予考虑；开除conformity: 一致，适合；符合；相似consistency: [计]一致性；稠度；相容性at odds with: 与…争执，意见不一致；差异attest to: 证明；证实Conversation2:municipal: 市政的dispute: 争论；辩论；争吵free rider: 搭便车者goof off: 混日子，游手好闲from scratch: 白手起家，从头做起TPO5 Conversation2:。

托福听力: TPO听力题目与答案1-37全套汇总(附译文)目前托福TPO内容已经更新到37套，很多同学在使用TPO听力内容时不是缺少音频资料就是内容不全，针对大家使用TPO听力内容的诸多不方便，小编特给出一份托福TPO 听力题目与答案1-37全套汇总(附译文)资料，同学们可以拿去好好练习一下，进而也可对比一下与之前内容的不同，所增加的套题与之前的区别。

托福TPO听力题目与答案1-37全套汇总(附译文)内容如下：1.Why does the student go to see the librarian?To sign up for a seminar on using electronic sources for researchTo report that a journal is missing from the reference areaTo find out the procedure for checking out journal articlesTo ask about how to look for resources for a class paper2.What does the librarian say about the availability of journals and articles in the library?They are not easy to find if a professor put them on reserveMost of them are accessible in an electronic formatMost of them can be checked out for three weeksPrinted versions from the past three years are located in the reference section3.What does the librarian suggest the student should do to save time?Choose an easier research topicConcentrate on five journalsRead the summaries of the articles firstInstall a new program on her home computer4.What can be inferred about why the woman decides to use the computer in the library?She thinks she might need additional help from the manShe does not have a computer at homeShe has to hand in her assignment by the end of the dayShe will be meeting a friend in the library later on5.Why does the woman say thisShe had forgotten about the informationShe is surprised she was not aware of the informationShe is annoyed that the information was published only recentlyShe is concerned that the librarian gave her incorrect informationStudentHi, um…, I really hope you can help me.LibrarianThat’s why I’m here. What can I do for you?StudentI’m supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but I’m… having a hard time finding articles. I don’t even know where to start looking.LibrarianYou said this is for your psychology course, right? So your focus is on …StudentDream Interpretation.LibrarianWell, you have a focus, so that’s already a good start. Hmmm… well, there’re a few things… oh wait… have you checked to see if your professor put any material for you to look at on reserve?StudentAha, that’s one thing I did know to do. I just copied an article, but I still need three more on my topic from three different journals.LibrarianLet’s get you going on looking for those then. We have printed versions of twenty or so psychology journals in the Reference Section. These are ones published within the last year. Now that I think about it… there’s a journal named Sleep and Dreams.StudentOh, yeah, the article I just copied is from that journal, so I’ve got to look in other sources.正确答案，D。

艺术类词汇合集01-3艺术---- 写实印象派 --- rose Frantzen gallery 画廊exhibit 展览looked at 阅读realistic写实的impressionism EII象派sum these up 总结impressionist印象派画家depict描绘apply painters 运用颜料canvas画布rough粗糙的subject 主体scenes景色IandSCaPeS地貌，风景bleak萧瑟的，荒凉的blurry模糊的pinkish带点粉色的fence栅栏Iowa艾奥瓦州barn谷仓，牛栏cattle 牛postures 姿态elements 因素depiction 描绘subject matter 主题pumpkins 南瓜brushstrokes 画笔ChaotiC混乱的vibrant震动的electric blue 电光蓝peaking out 漏出来accessible容易理解的appreciate 欣赏attend art school读艺术学校illustration绘画，图解，插图head头头agency机构portrait肖像画art fairs艺术展no matter what无论如何all over the country 全国keep at it坚持住03-4电影历史十九世纪二三十年代back then 当时category 分类standard 标准hybrids杂种，混合物mixture of styles风格的混合fit in匹配,适合in a way在一定意义上，以某种方式conform 遵从classify 分类fuse施合fiction虚构行为，虚构的东西fictional虚构的element 因素aquatic水生的display 展示ITlollIlSk软体动物set it to music配上音乐narration 叙述portray 描绘notions 概念at times 偶尔uncanny怪异的feature 特征suspicious令人怀疑的seahorse 海马that unusual那么奇特rare罕见talk the early 19th century 讨论19 世纪早期in that sense在那个意义上看similarities end相似处到此为止high-tech高科技的fancy花哨的patch the equipment together 把设备绑在——起open Sea广阔的海域ShaIIOW 浅的investigate 调查documentarist纪录片拍摄者catch on(caught On)流行go back to取决于，根源于what to make of his films如何定义他的电影straightforward 直接的buffs爱好者们3-5艺术的起源——法国的洞穴艺术【划线的是一篇】PreSerVed art受保护的艺术品CaVe PaintingS 洞穴画PiPed LIP尖声说Qreat QrandmOther 太婆Prim币Ve低级的Slide幻灯片anythin。

TPO 15总结:常考点：You know…Conversation中一疑问一回答常成为出题点；For decades, scientists have been looking at…主题提问···事物的缺陷会成为考点：That’s part of the problem. It doesn’t take over other factors into account enough, like…. Plus, you can’t say…Lecture中学生的回答会透露一部分信息，成为答案的一部分；That’s one of the hypotheses that was proposed. The second hypothesis is that…That means…So that means……also discovered that……thinks…Now,The idea is that…出现时代名词（eg. 1800CE）后要记住该时代出现的特征…But I want to stress…But…I was so impressed with the way you …出现比较级，比较级前后的比较内容常成为考点：Parchment is durable, much more so than paper,…But with the passing of time, the original writing might reappear. In fact, it might reappear to the extent that scholars……including what many now think to be his most important work…But actually,…I would like to talk about…Not only…but also…Now these bacteria actually…So you are asking how does it eat? Well, they have these special organs that collect the hydrogen sulfide and …TPO 16总结：Conversation:But…I’m assuming you…I mean…容易成为出题点You know…I just wonder if…I need to talk you about…主题句Well, the reason, the main reason …阐述原因Lecture:Also, not…but…Well, but…有转折的地方As we know…Unlike…有比较的地方You see…This is why…阐述原因的地方Well, …unlike…As an example, let’s look at…主题句Another issue/problem…阐述分点原因学生的提问或疑问常成为答题的关键词：So each piece of glass is just one color?And with painted glass they still used the lead strips?TPO 17总结：Conversation:Well, that’s what I came to talk about. I was wondering if you…I mean…like…Well, think about it. This is the most important…But that doesn’t mean that …I was wondering if I could…(主题句)Oh, you see, …I mean that …You know, like…I mean…Lecture:Why don’t we know…?So, how do we know when …?Prof. 提问或自问自答时容易成为出题点Stu. 提问时往往贯穿着文章的主线…所以一定要抓住关键词A problem with this dating method is…But again there is a problem.And apart from that, there is another problems.But is it possible that…?I mean…I would like to talk a little bit about ……say/like…And why is that important? Well, because…出现年代名词时，一定要记住伴随年代出现的特征：in the 1920s; until the 1970s; by the 1980s; in the late 1980s.Well … so basically the question was…So, one of the challenges that faced…So today we will look at how the Egyptians addressed these problems. We are talking about…here.Even more significantly…TPO 18总结：Conversation:Well, how did you get interested in?But is that some problem? I mean why is the job still open?So did you have a question?Lecture:We are going to start a study of …Today we will look at another…In order to really study the social history of the middle Ages, you have to understand the role of spices.That is because of, like…So there was a problem for the prevailing view.So there is another problem with …But the dominant view in …But finally some people have challenged this view.But this isn’t really true. Anyone who had to worry about spoiled meat couldn’t afford spices in the first place. If you could afford spices, you could definitely afford fresh meat.Well maybe they just…They were supposed to …有缺陷的地方，原因，提出疑问的地方往往会出现关键考点。

Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Barn 谷仓 prism 棱镜，棱柱timberline ['tɪmbəlaɪn] 树带界限 smother 窒息，抑制champion 支持，拥护 meteoric water 大气水，天文水glacial outwash 冰水沉积Size up : evaluate （对于单词题中的短语，尤其要放到原文看意思，不能只从表面看意思）shunning 回避v jet lag时差 circadian [sɜː'keɪdɪən] 生理节奏的secular ['sekjʊlə] adj. 世俗的；长期的；现世的；不朽的 n. 牧师premiere ['premɪeə] adj. 首位的；初次的；女主角的culminate 到绝顶；达到高潮；达到顶点Geothermal 地热的 [,dʒi:əu'θə:məl] sulfide 硫化物 sulfide 硫酸盐 sulfur 硫磺Discern vt. 识别；领悟，认识 vi. 看清楚，辨别 propulsion 推进，推进力vernacular [və'nækjʊlə] 本国的，地方的；本地化，方言persecution [pɜːsɪ'kjuːʃn] 迫害 celluloid ['seljulɔid] 电影胶片restive ['restɪv] adj. 倔强的；难驾御的；不安宁的aria ['ɑːrɪə] n. 咏叹调，独唱曲 revenue 税收，国家收入gypsum 石膏 residue 残渣，剩余indigenous 本土的，土著的，国产的 clergy 神职人员，牧师deciduous [dɪ'sɪdjʊəs] 落叶性的，脱落性的；非永久性的 estuary 河口，江口perennial [pə'renɪəl] 多年生的，常年的，四季不断的 fringe 边缘smothering 令人窒息的 daguerreotype [də'gerətaɪp] 银板照相法calotype ['kælətaɪp] n. 光力摄影法；卡罗式照相法；碘化银纸照相法etching n. 蚀刻术；蚀刻版画 engraving 雕刻，雕刻术 tonal 色调的，音调的cheetah ['tʃiːtə] 猎豹 pivotal 关键的，中枢的 herbivore 食草动物counteract 抵消 glaze 釉；光滑面 motif 主题 warn 警告，提醒horticulture 园艺 hectare ['hekteə; -ɑː] 公顷 sewage ['suːɪdʒ] 污水，下水道asphalt ['æsfælt; -əlt] 沥青，柏油 choreography 编舞dredge vt. （用挖泥船等）疏浚；（用拖捞网等）捞取；（在食物上）撒（面粉等）vi. 疏浚，挖掘；采捞 n. 挖泥船，疏浚机；拖捞网echolocation 回波定位 nasal sac鼻囊instigate vt. 唆使；煽动；教唆；怂恿 (cause)desolate 荒凉的，无人烟的refractory [rɪ'frækt(ə)rɪ] adj. 难治的；难熔的；不听话的 n. 倔强的人；耐火物质inclusion 包含，内含物 nebula 星云 nebula 耗尽，用尽，使空虚obscura 暗箱 topographical 地志的，地形学的 prolific 多产的，丰富的paradox 悖论，反论algae ['ælɡədʒiː] 藻类，海藻 ammonia 氨radical 激进的 Pleistocene Epoch ['plaistəusi:n] 更新世（也就是Ice Age）emulsion 乳剂，乳液状，感光乳剂 coat 覆盖….的表面 assortment 分类，混合物volatile ['vɔlətail] 挥发性的，不稳定的 sludge 烂泥 ethanol ['eθənɒl] 乙醇retraction 撤销，收回editorial 编辑的；社论 demeaning 降低身份的，有损人格的satirical [sə'tɪrɪk(ə)l] 讽刺的，挖苦的 chiefdom酋邦chondrite ['kɒndraɪt] 球粒状陨石 allusion 暗示，提及（reference）chondrule 陨石球粒['kɒndruːl] silicate 硅酸盐 perplexing 复杂的，令人费解的cropping 裁剪，修剪 trimming 整理，装饰品，配料 plummet 铅垂，坠子，垂直落下obsolete adj. 废弃的；老式的 democratic 民主的，大众的（popular）stabilizer . [助剂] 稳定剂；稳定器；安定装置 mudflat 泥滩intertidal [ɪntə'taɪd(ə)l] adj. 潮间带的；高潮线与低潮线之间的 modify vt. 修改，修饰；更改fiddler crab 招潮蟹 feed on 喂养，供给 sparrow 麻雀 rodent 啮齿类的Scavenger n. 食腐动物；清道夫；[助剂] 清除剂；拾荒者 hamper 妨碍，束缚Invertebrate 无脊椎的，无骨气的 terrestrial 地球的，陆地的` meager 贫乏的，瘦的primordial [prai'mɔ:djəl] 原始的，根本的，原生的tutelage ['tjuːtɪlɪdʒ] 监护，指导under the tutelage of… repudiate 拒绝，否定osmosis n. [物] 渗透；[物] 渗透性；渗透作用snap 突然折断，拉断 arduous ['ɑːdjʊəs] adj. 努力的；费力的；险峻的cramped 狭窄的，难懂的，难辨的 subsist 维持生活，供养confined 狭窄的，幽禁的 excavation 挖掘 retreat 撤退，休息寓所in the wake of 紧紧跟随；随着…而来；作为…的结果；仿效 supersede 取代，代替afield 在战场上 garrison 要塞；驻防，守卫 uproot 根除，连根拔起temperate 温和的，适度的，有节制的 vicinity 临近，附近troop 军队 fortification [军] 设防；[军] 防御工事；加强；配方inveterately 根深蒂固的 daring 大胆的，勇气的（dare）alluvial [ə'l(j)uːvɪəl] 冲积的loam 壤土，肥土 tempt 诱惑，冒……的风险 sterile 不育的，贫瘠的receptive 善于接受的，能容纳的unconvincing 没有说服力的 shore vt. 支撑，使稳住；用支柱撑住 n. 海滨；支柱pantomime 哑剧 acrobatic 杂技的，特技的undue 过分的，过度的，不适当的 excruciating 折磨人的，使苦恼的plague 瘟疫，灾祸；折磨，使苦恼 turnpike 收费高速公路，收费关卡station 驻地，驻扎，安置 imposition n. 征收；强加；欺骗；不公平的负担excess 超过，额外的，过量的 entwine 盘旋，缠住 artisan 工匠，技工stunt 噱头，手腕，绝技；阻碍……生长 disaffection 不满，背叛 requisition 征用restaurant 餐馆 by no means 决不inflow 流入 outflow 流出auxiliary 辅助词，辅助者，辅助的 infrastructure ['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə] 基础设施，公共建设hereditary [hɪ'redɪt(ə)rɪ] 遗传的 fort 堡垒，要塞regiment 团，大量；vt. 把…编成团；严格地管制Ecology 生态学，社会生态学 flora 植物区系 fauna 动物区系，动物群Understory 树下叶层，下层植被 browse 吃草 germinate 使发芽，生长Heterogeneous 多样的，异种的 moraine n. 冰碛石 temperate 温和的，适度的，有节奏的preen [priːn] thrush 画眉鸟 even 偶数的，平坦的，相等的congenital 先天的，天生的 incongruous 不协调的，不一致的，不和谐的vt. 打扮；用嘴整理；赞扬 subsidy 补贴，津贴 dwindle 减少，变小hysterical [hɪ'sterɪk(ə)l] 歇斯底里的，异常兴奋的 nomad 游牧民vi. 洋洋自得；把（自己）打扮漂亮 Boom and bust (bust, 破产)granary 谷仓，粮仓 monsoon [mɒn'suːn] 季风 Sahara [sə'hɑ:rə; -'heə-] 沙哈拉displacement activity【心理学】替换活动 impetus 动力turnpike 收费高速公路 presage 预感，前兆groom vt. 整饰；推荐；喂马 n. 新郎；马夫；男仆 vi. 打扮beak 鸟嘴 perch 栖木, 栖息 Netherland 荷兰carry-on baggage 登机行李 checked baggage 托运行李 compliment 恭维，称赞sewer 下水道，阴沟 meme [mi:m] n. 大脑模仿病毒；文化基因；弥母pinpoint v.查明；精确地找到；准确描述 mantle 地幔，斗篷，覆盖物（the layer beneath the crust） crude 粗糙的 primitive 原始的，远古的folktale 民间故事 fairy tale 童话故事 start out as 开始是huckleberry [植] 黑果木；越橘类植物 dogwood n. 山茱萸 backdrop背景hibernate 冬眠 in the same breath 于此同时 marked 显著的（considerable），有标记的indefinite [ɪn'defɪnɪt] 不确定的，无限的，模糊的fecundity [生物] 繁殖力；多产；肥沃fidelity [fi'deliti] 保真度，忠实replicator ['replikeitə] （遗传）复制基因 genetic mutation 基因突变compelling 引人注目的，强制的 compelling reason 有说服力的理由itinerary [aɪˈtɪnəˌreri:] 旅程，旅途 garment衣服，服装，外表，外观deprecate 反对，抨击，轻视 implicitly deprecate 含蓄地批评bedrock基岩 lubricant 润滑剂 brittle 易碎的，脆弱的 ooze 渗出，泄露；（地理）软泥crevasse [kri'væs] 裂缝 surge 大浪，汹涌澎湃scores of 许多，大量 invertebrate [in'və:tibrət, -breit] 无脊椎的 varied 多变的，各式各样的bombard 轰炸 stike 撞击 adorn装饰，使生色 relics ['rɛliks] 遗迹，遗骸，纪念物versatile 多才多艺的，兴趣广泛的 Iroquois ['irəkwɔiz] 易洛魁人（北美印第安人）birch tree 桦树utensil [ju:'tensəl] 用具，器皿 pliable ['plaiəbl] 柔韧的 cord 绳索sturdy 坚定的，强健的，健全的 portage 搬运，运输 alliance [ə'laiəns] 联盟，联合，联姻canny 精明的 premiere 首位的，初次的 savvy 悟性，理解能力detour ['di:,tuə, di'tuə] 绕道，迂回 ranch [rɑ:ntʃ, ræntʃ] 大农场，牧场enzyme ['enzaim] 酶 immortal 不朽的 peninsula 半岛 canal 运河resemble 类似，像 foggy 有雾的 aesthetic [i:s'θetik] 美的 Celsius ['selsiəs] 摄氏度的revealing [ri'vi:liŋ] adj. 透露真情的；有启迪作用的；袒胸露肩的 shrub 灌木 tundra 苔原monumental 不朽的 isle [ail] 岛 passage grave 通道坟墓resonance 共振 cello ['tʃeləu] 大提琴 opaque 不透明的sorority [sə'rɔ:riti, -'rɔ-] n. 妇女联谊会；女学生联谊会precipitation 沉淀，沉淀物，冰雹，降雨量 permafrost ['pə:məfrɔ:st] 永久冻土appalling 惊骇的 carton board container 纸盒子包装 impermeable 不渗透性的judicial system 司法系统 burrow vi. 寻找，探寻；n (兔) 洞穴，地道norwegian [nɔ:'wi:dʒən] 挪威人的 Norway 挪威 cloak斗篷 thaw 融化perspire [pəs'paiə] vi. 流汗；分泌；渗出 vt. 使流汗；分泌出 microbe 细菌，微生物be hooked 被吸引住了 supreme court 最高法院 seafarer 船员，航海家comical ['kɔmikəl] 滑稽的，可笑的 Viking 北欧海盗 zenith 高点，最高点Polynesian [,pɔli'ni:ziən; -ʒiən] 波西尼亚的 partitioned 分割的，分区的，分段的venomous ['venəməs] adj. 有毒的；恶毒的；分泌毒液的；怨恨的semiarid 半干旱的，雨量非常少的 prairie 大草原大牧场viper 毒蛇 cobra 眼镜蛇 constrictor 大蟒 python ['paiθən, -θɔn] 巨蟒resemble 像 prey 捕食，牺牲者，被捕食的动物apparatus [,æpə'reitəs] n. 装置，设备；仪器；器官prestigious [pre'stidʒəs, -'sti:-] adj. 有名望的；享有声望的photography [fə'tɔɡrəfi] n. 摄影；摄影术（注意发音，如果在听力中出现，要能够识别）alumni [ə'lʌmnai] n. 男校友；男毕业生（alumnus的复数） revolve 旋转 circuit 电路methane ['mi:θein] 甲烷 uncharted 未知的，图上未标明的 maxim ['mæksim] 格言Arctic Circle北极圈 pulse 脉冲，脉搏 thawing 融化，thaw ,v 融化distinctly[dis'tiŋktli] 明显的，无疑的，确实的geocentric [,dʒi(:)əu'sentrik] 以地球为中心的heliocentric [,hi:liəu'sentrik] 以太阳为中心的 be taken aback 吃惊 allude 暗指Sanskirt 梵文 fad 一时的时尚，流行 Milky Way galaxy 银河，银河系Puddle 水坑，泥浆 antifreeze 防冻剂 glucose 葡萄糖 aristocracy [,æri'stɔkrəsi] 贵族Horoscope 占星术，星象，十二宫图 blemish 瑕疵，污点Lopsided 倾向一方的 breakthrough 突破，突破性进展Geomagnetic 地磁的 portrait 肖像，描写，半身雕塑像Mediterranean [,meditə'reiniən] 地中海 historian [his'tɔ:riən] 历史学家emperor ['empərə] 皇帝，君主 empire ['empaiə] 帝国，帝王统治，军权plaster cast 石膏模型 bronze 青铜，古铜色aromatic plant 芳香植物，香料植物cinnamon 肉桂（就是一种树皮） cloves [kləuvs] 丁香 nutmeg肉豆蔻spices 香味料，调味料 bland 乏味的 radio astronomy 射电天文学optical astronomy 光学天文学 osmosis 渗透staging 表演，展现 oval ['əuvəl] 椭圆 elliptical [i'liptik,-kəl] 椭圆axial tilt 轴倾角 cyclical ['saiklikəl] adj. 周期的，循环的Archaeology 古生物学 intact 完整的 decay 腐烂，衰退 malaria [mə'lεəriə] [内科] 疟疾；瘴气charcoal ['tʃɑ:kəul] 木炭 dye颜料 chip off 切下，削下 primitive ['primitiv] 原始的analogy 类比 Paleolithic 旧石器时代的inundation 洪水，泛滥subsidence [səb'saidəns] 下沉，沉淀 prey 被捕食的动物coral ['kɔ:rəl] 珊瑚，珊瑚虫 mimic 模仿，模拟 squirt [skwə:t] 喷射，注射posture ['pɔstʃə] 姿势，态度，情形 jumbo 巨大的，庞大的nestle ['nesl] 舒适的坐定，偎依paradigmatic [,pærədiɡ'mætik] 范例的stained glass 彩色玻璃stained glass 重新组合 scarce 缺乏的，欠缺的lead strips 铅条 metallic compound 金属化合物lamp shade 灯罩 ash tree 白蜡树，灰树 predator 捕食者，食肉动物lug 用力拖拽 be anything but 一点也不 haul 拖，拉beaver 海狸 aspen 山杨树 pollinate 对…..授粉pros and cons 正反两方面 forage n.粮草 v.搜寻粮草virtuoso [,və:tju'əuzəu] 艺术品鉴赏家clarinet [,klæri'net] 单簧管 organ 风琴，管风琴 harpsichord 羽管键琴，大键琴pianoforte [,pjænəu'fɔ:ti] 钢琴（旧称） percussion instrument震动乐器string instrument 弦乐器 quill 大翎毛 pluck 拉，扯，拽 refinement 文雅transverse flute 横笛 flute 长笛 patron 赞助人 genre ['ʒɔŋrə] 风格，类型patronage ['pætrənidʒ] n. 赞助；光顾；任免权 sulfuric acid 硫酸 [sʌl'fjuərik]limestone石灰岩 hydrogen 氢 passageway 通道，走廊 ensemble [ɔŋ'sɔŋblə] 全体jazz ensemble 爵士乐队 acoustic [ə'ku:stik]听觉的，声音的choir ['kwaiə] 合唱队 construction site 施工场地bulldozer ['bul,dəuzə] 推土机 switch with 交换Mass extinction, Permian 二叠纪的cretaceous [kri'teiʃəs] adj. 白垩（饿）纪的；似白垩的Pleistocene ['plaistəusi:n] 更新世的 Holocene ['hɔləsi:n] 全新世的 Anthropocene 人类世的Current Era （时代，年代）：西历中 AD (公元)的代用词 Anno Domini公元,纪元Damming筑坝 Carbon dioxide [dai'ɔksaid] 二氧化碳Epoch（地质）世，新纪元 Epic史诗，叙事诗 Exemplary 典范的，很好的cell division 细胞分裂I’m sort of blanked out. 心不在焉，走神parchment 羊皮纸 scribe 抄写员，作家 monk修道士，和尚 monastery 修道院，僧侣palimpsest ['pælimpsest] 重写本 Archimede 阿基米德theorem ['θiərəm, 'θi:ə-] 定理，原理 papyrus 纸莎草；纸莎草纸breakthrough 突破 medieval 中世纪的 durable 耐用的，持久的secrete 藏匿，分泌 hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢vent通风口 rule out排除，取消 dioxide [dai'ɔksaid]二氧化物 chemosynthetic 化学合成的approve 批准，赞成 depression 洼地 by and large 总的来说，大体上improve 改善，提高 more or less 差不多，几乎；大约prove 证明是 hereditary [hɪ'redɪt(ə)rɪ] 遗传的 pastoralism 田园主义 nomad 游牧的。